Abstract: Spectroscopy systems suitable for estimating the composition of test samples are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention include an element that can be embedded within a sample and operatively couple with elements of the system located outside the sample, thereby enabling long-term monitoring of the sample. An embodiment includes radiation-emitting and radiation-detecting devices having periodic structures, such as photonic crystals and/or plasmonic metamaterials, which serve to filter the wavelengths of radiation at which they operate and/or enhance responsivity for those wavelengths. In some embodiments, the detecting devices are housed in a module suitable for long-term implantation within the sample. In some embodiments, the radiation-emitting and detecting devices are located external to the sample and are optically coupled with a mirror implanted within the sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical monitoring, and in particular non-contact, video-based monitoring of pulse rate, respiration rate, motion, and oxygen saturation. Systems and methods are described for capturing images of a patient, producing intensity signals from the images, filtering those signals to focus on a physiologic component, and measuring a vital sign from the filtered signals.

Abstract: A system and method for in-vivo monitoring for changes in body proteins over time includes an intelligent, implantable image capture system. An embedded processor controls activation of lighting for imaging proteins in surrounding tissue. A base image is captured and resulting data used in comparison with image data from one or more subsequent image captures to indicate progression of tissue changes, such as may occur with diseased tissue.

Abstract: Navigational imaging system and method for use in branched luminal structure. Flexible, spatially steerable probe is equipped with forward- and side-imaging mutually complementing means to enable sub-surface imaging, quantitative determination of probe's positioning with respect to anatomical identifiers of structure, forming 3D image of structure in a volume defined by the imaging means, and positioning of probe in registration with a 3D coordinate system that is independent from the structure. Method includes determining anatomical identifiers of luminal structure branches based on 3D and sub-surface images, assigning such identifiers as fiducial points, and correlating the determined identifiers with those obtained from anatomical model to select target branch for further steering the probe.

Abstract: A catheter device for crossing occlusions includes an elongate body, a central lumen extending within the elongate body from the proximal end to the distal end, a rotatable tip at the distal end of the elongate body, and an OCT imaging sensor. The rotatable tip is configured to rotate relative to the elongate body. The OCT imaging sensor includes an optical fiber coupled with the rotatable tip and configured to rotate therewith. A distal end of the elongate body includes one or more markers configured to occlude the OCT imaging sensor as it rotates. A fixed jog in the elongate body proximal to the distal end of the catheter positions the distal end of the catheter at an angle relative to the region of the catheter proximal to the fixed jog and is aligned with the one or more markers on the elongate body.

Abstract: Arrangements, apparatus, systems and systems are provided for obtaining data for at least one portion within at least one luminal or hollow sample. The arrangement, system or apparatus can be (insertable via at least one of a mouth or a nose of a patient. For example, a first optical arrangement can be configured to transceive at least one electromagnetic (e.g., visible) radiation to and from the portion. A second arrangement may be provided at least partially enclosing the first arrangement. Further, a third arrangement can be configured to be actuated so as to position the first arrangement at a predetermined location within the luminal or hollow sample. The first arrangement may be configured to compensate for at least one aberration (e.g., astigmatism) caused by the second arrangement and/or the third arrangement. The second arrangement can include at least one portion which enables a guiding arrangement to be inserted there through.

Abstract: Provided is a photoacoustic apparatus capable of recognizing variation in reception characteristic among a plurality of receiving elements that detect an acoustic wave in the photoacoustic apparatus, with a simple configuration unique to the photoacoustic apparatus. A photoacoustic apparatus includes a detecting unit including a plurality of receiving elements configured to detect an acoustic wave that is generated when an analyte is irradiated with light; a signal processing unit configured to acquire information about the inside of the analyte from a detected signal acquired from the detecting unit; an optical absorber configured to absorb the irradiation light; and a reception characteristic calculation unit configured to calculate reception characteristic information of the plurality of receiving elements on the basis of detected signals when the plurality of receiving elements receive an acoustic wave that is generated from the optical absorber.

Abstract: The invention in at least one embodiment includes a method for determining the core body temperature of a person by setting an initial core body temperature with a processor; receiving a heart rate of the person with the processor; calculating a predicted core body temperature with the processor using an extended Kalman filter based on the heart rate and the initial core body temperature; and providing the predicted core body temperature. In another embodiment, a system for performing the method.

Abstract: A system comprising a remotely programmable micromonitor with a wireless sensing system-on-module (SOM), one or more sensors to detect one or more conditions in a subject by monitoring one or more parameters associated with the conditions by comparing any monitored parameter to a baseline measurement of the monitored parameter from the subject, a plurality of sensors corresponding to a monitored parameter and connected to the micromonitor to convey measurements of all monitored parameters, the sensors including at least one of a non-optical pulse wave sensor or an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, a communications module capable of communicating with a wireless technology, wherein the module can send an alert signal to the subject or an attending physician or a remote service center or any other subject, and one or more algorithms for monitoring conditions and/or for predicting conditions, including at least one of a fall detection or fall prediction algorithm.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods to determine fractional flow reserve. At least one method for determining fractional flow reserve of the present disclosure comprises the steps positioning a device comprising at least two sensors within a luminal organ at or near a stenosis, wherein the at least two sensors are separated a predetermined distance from one another, operating the device to determine flow velocity of a second fluid introduced into me luminal organ to temporarily displace a first fluid present within the luminal organ, and determining fractional flow reserve at or near the stenosis based upon the flow velocity, a mean aortic pressure within the luminal organ, and at least one cross-sectional area at or near the stenosis. Devices and systems useful for performing such exemplary methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A dashboard centered around arrhythmia or atrial fibrillation tracking is provided. The dashboard includes a heart or cardiac health score that can be calculated in response to data from the user such as their ECG and other personal information and cardiac health influencing factors. The dashboard also provides to the user recommendations or goals, such as daily goals, for the user to meet and thereby improve their heart or cardiac health score. These goals and recommendations may be set by the user or a medical professional and routinely updated as his or her heart or cardiac health score improves or otherwise changes. The dashboard is generally displayed from an application provided on a smartphone or tablet computer of the user.

Abstract: Devices and methods for monitoring physiologic parameters are described herein which may utilize a non-invasive respiratory monitor to detect minor variations in expiratory airflow pressure known as cardiogenic oscillations which are generated by changes in the pulmonary blood volume that correspond with the cardiac cycle. These cardiogenic oscillations are a direct indicator of cardiac function and may be used to correlate various physiologic parameters such as stroke volume, pulmonary artery pressure, etc.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement method of acquiring a change in a blood pressure with respect to time includes a pulse wave acquisition step of acquiring a time waveform based on a volume pulse wave, a DN point detection step of detecting a DN point, which corresponds to a dicrotic notch point in a blood pressure waveform indicating the change in the blood pressure with respect to time, in the time waveform, and a waveform correction step of correcting the time waveform so that a time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value and acquiring the change in the blood pressure with respect to time.

Abstract: One aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a device capable of estimating blood pressure. The device includes two or more sensors capable of performing measurements along an artery. The device also includes at least one processing unit coupled with the two or more sensors. The processing unit is capable of accessing one or more parameters including a stress-strain parameter based on a hydrostatic pressure calibration. The processing unit also is capable of determining a pulse transit time (PTT) based on the measurements, and determining a pulse wave velocity (PWV) based on the PTT. The processing unit is further capable of determining a blood pressure based on the PWV and the stress-strain parameter.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device for measuring blood pressure are provided. The method includes illuminating, by a PPG sensor included in the electronic device, skin of a user and measuring a PPG signal based on an illumination absorption by the skin. Further, the method also includes extracting, by the electronic device, a plurality of parameters from the PPG signal, wherein the parameters may comprise PPG features, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features, Acceleration Plethysmograph (APG) features, and non-linear features. The method also includes estimating, by the electronic device, the BP based on the extracted plurality of parameters.

Abstract: A system, method, and device for monitoring a physiological characteristic of a user includes a wearable monitoring device including one or more LEDs configured to emit light toward a user's skin tissue and two or more sensors laterally disposed along a longitudinal axis of an extremity of a user. Each sensor generates a signal based on an intensity of received light from a location against or adjacent to the sensor where a pulse wave resulting from a user's heart beat passes. A processor calculates one or more physiological characteristics of the user, such as blood pressure or stress, based on the generated signal from each sensor and a lateral distance therebetween.

Abstract: A blood-pressure sensor includes a substrate, a first electrode, a magnetization fixed layer, a nonmagnetic layer, a magnetization free layer, and a second electrode. The substrate is bent to generate a tensile stress at least in a first direction. The first electrode is provided on the substrate. The magnetization fixed layer has magnetization to be fixed in a second direction, and is provided on the substrate. The nonmagnetic layer is provided on the magnetization fixed layer. The magnetization free layer has a magnetization direction which is different from the first direction and from a direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second electrode is provided on the magnetization free layer.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for detecting and measuring pressure within a region of a body lumen or vessel. The pressure sensing system includes a light source for transmitting light through a pathway of polarization maintaining fiber optic wire. A distal portion of the polarization maintaining fiber optic wire is engaged to and extends along a guidewire. The distal portion of the fiber optic wire includes pressure sensing station(s) made up of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). The light transmitted to and reflected from the FBGs on the two polarization modes of the polarization maintaining fiber optic wire can be analyzed to provide one or more pressure values.

Abstract: Medical devices including optical connector cable assemblies are disclosed. An optical connector cable assembly may include an optical connector cable having a first optical fiber extending therefrom. The optical connector cable may include a distal connector configured to connect to a guidewire. The distal connector may include an inner housing and a guidewire locking mechanism. The distal connector may also include an actuator. Actuation of the actuator may move the inner housing from a first position to a second position. When the inner housing is in the first position the guidewire locking mechanism is configured to secure the guidewire and the guidewire is rotatable with respect to the optical connector cable. When the inner housing is in the second position the guidewire locking mechanism is in an open state for receiving or removing the guidewire.

Abstract: Systems and methods for epicardial electrophysiology and other procedures are provided in which conditions at the location of an access needle may be determined according to the detection of different pressure frequencies in separate organs, or different locations, in the body of a subject. Methods may include inserting a needle including a first sensor into a body of a subject, and receiving pressure frequency information from the first sensor. A second sensor may be used to provide cardiac waveform information of the subject, and the pressure frequency information may be segmented based on the cardiac waveform information. Conditions at the current location of the needle may be determined based on an algorithm including the segmented pressure frequency information and the cardiac waveform information.

Abstract: There is provided a method for use in cuff-based oscillatory non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement. The method comprises: progressively altering the volume of air in a cuff of a NIBP measurement apparatus during a measurement period; obtaining a plurality of measurements of the flow rate of the air into/out of the cuff during the measurement period; obtaining a plurality of measurements of the air pressure in the cuff during the measurement period; and determining a relationship between quasi-static cuff compliance and cuff pressure by calculating the quasi-static cuff compliance at a plurality of instances during the measurement period, based on the flow rate measurements and the air pressure measurements obtained during the measurement period.

Abstract: A portable blood pressure monitoring device capable of wirelessly interacting with a secondary device, such as a cell phone, to measure blood pressure of a patient wherein the device is configurable to fold into a low profile storage configuration. The blood pressure monitoring device includes a cuff for wrapping around the limb of a subject the cuff further having a an inflatable bladder formed integrally therein, wherein the cuff is substantially rectangular in shape having a first surface, a second surface, a first end, a second end, and two sides, and a securement mechanism; one or more tubes positioned within the cuff in communication with the inflatable bladder; an exhaust valve; a displayless housing connected to one of a first end and a second end of the cuff wherein the housing includes one or more of a controller, a memory, a pump, a power supply, and a motor; and a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting blood pressure data to a second device.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus which comprises: a current source to generate a current having AC and DC components; a current-to-voltage converter to convert the current or a copy of the current to a voltage proportional to a resistance, the voltage having AC and DC components that correspond to the AC and DC components of the current; a first sample-and-hold circuit to sample and filter the AC component from the voltage and to provide an output voltage with the DC component; a second sample-and-hold circuit to sample the output voltage; a voltage-to-current converter to convert the sampled output voltage to a corresponding current; and an amplifier to receive the output voltage.

Abstract: The device for non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (1) includes a measuring mat (2), processor unit (3), device for recording electrical activity of the heart (4), device for invasive measurement of arterial blood pressure (5), imaging device 6 and network connector (7). The measuring mat includes the processor unit (3) and sensors, at least one sensor (8) monitoring mechanical movement caused by the bloodstream dynamics. The ICP calculation methods use the Windkessel model and the relation between the start of the R-wave and the time delay of the mechanical movement of the head, which is related to the reflection of the pulse wave in the head.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for recording electrical signals in the presence of artifacts. The system and methods can employ multiple techniques for attenuating large, unwanted artifacts while preserving lower amplitude desirable signals. Aspects that can improve the recording of electrical signals in the presence of larger artifacts include particular electrode placement and spacing, high dynamic range amplification with good linearity, and signal blanking. Combinations of more or fewer techniques can be employed to achieve the desired attenuation of signal artifacts while preserving the desired signal. The systems and methods are suitable for recording neural signals in the presence of electrical stimulation signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a catheter grip device that secures to a catheter shaft and provides easier manipulation of the catheter shaft for the user. For example, the catheter shaft, such as for an Electrophysiology catheter, may insert into a patient's blood vessel. From here, the user, such as the physician, may need to manipulate, re-position, rotate, or otherwise maneuver a distal end of the catheter shaft while inserted inside the patient's blood vessel. In this regard, by the catheter grip being securely attached to the catheter shaft, the user is able to manipulate, rotate, etc. the catheter shaft by rotating and manipulating the catheter grip. The catheter grip reduces strain on the various muscles of the user's hand, and also provides more accurate manipulation of the catheter shaft.

Abstract: A cardiac rhythm management system includes a first implantable device such as a defibrillator and a second implantable device such as a leadless cardiac pacemaker. A programmer is configured to receive and display heart data emanating from the implantable defibrillator and from the leadless cardiac pacemaker. The heart data emanating from the leadless cardiac pacemaker is displayed in temporal alignment with the heart data emanating from the implantable defibrillator.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an apparatus for a brain computer interface (BCI) including a feature extraction filter trainer for training a feature extraction filter which minimizes an influence of a background brain wave while maximizing a difference between intended brain waves; and a classifier trainer for training a classifier for classifying the intended brain waves by using a feature vector obtained by filtering the intended brain wave at the feature extraction filter. With the apparatus, only the background brain wave is additionally measured, such that previous intended brain wave data can be reused and the brain wave can be classified more quickly and accurately.

Abstract: A medical lead with at least a distal portion thereof implantable in the brain of a patient is described, together with methods and systems for using the lead. The lead is provided with at least two sensing modalities (e.g., two or more sensing modalities for measurements of field potential measurements, neuronal single unit activity, neuronal multi unit activity, optical blood volume, optical blood oxygenation, voltammetry and rheoencephalography). Acquisition of measurements and the lead components and other components for accomplishing a measurement in each modality are also described as are various applications for the multimodal brain sensing lead.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a syncope sensor imbedded into an electrocardiography monitor, which correlates syncope events and electrocardiographic data. Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended-wear electrode patch and a reusable monitor recorder that removably snaps into a receptacle on the electrode patch. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest at the sternal midline and includes a unique narrow “hourglass”-like shape, significantly improving the ability of the monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and QRS interval signals, which indicate ventricular activity in electrocardiographic waveforms.

Abstract: A biomagnetism measurement device includes a tubular body, an inflatable portion inflatable upon supply of gas, and a magnetic sensor portion that detects a magnetic field from outside the tubular body. The inflatable portion is located at a required region of the tubular body, and the magnetic sensor portion is fixed to an inner wall of the inflatable portion. The tubular body and the inflatable portion include the same material, and the wall thickness of the inflatable portion is thinner than that of the tubular body.

Abstract: A portable sensing system device and method for providing microwave or RF (radio-frequency) sensing functionality for a portable device, the device comprising: a portable device housing configured to be carried by a user; and a sensing unit within said housing configured to characterize an object located in proximity to the portable system, said sensing unit comprising: a wideband electromagnetic transducer array said array comprising a plurality of electromagnetic transducers; a transmitter unit for applying RF signals to said electromagnetic transducer array; and a receiver unit for receiving coupled RF signals from said electromagnetic transducers array.

Abstract: A soft-field tomography system includes a plurality of transducers, one or more excitation drivers, one or more response detectors, and a soft-field reconstruction module. The transducers are configured for positioning proximate a surface of an object to be imaged, and are configured to apply excitations to the surface of the object. The excitation drivers are coupled to the transducers and configured to generate excitation signals to be applied by the transducers. The response detectors are coupled to the transducers and configured to measure a response of the object at the transducers to acquire an Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) data set. The soft-field reconstruction module is configured to select a model domain for the EIT data set that represents a predetermined shape, determine a minimally anisotropic error in the model domain, and perform isotropization using the determined minimally anisotropic error to recover a boundary shape and isotropic conductivity.

Abstract: A method for use in analyzing impedance measurements performed on a subject, the subject being arranged such that body fluid levels in at least one leg segment of the subject changed between a first time and a second time, the method including, in a processing system, at the first time, determining at least one first impedance value indicative of the impedance of the at least one leg segment of the subject; at the second time, determining at least one second impedance value indicative of the impedance of the at least one leg segment of the subject; and determining an indicator based on the at least one first and at least one second impedance values, the indicator being indicative of changes in the body fluid levels.

Abstract: A system and method is provided to measure intrathoracic complex impedance and to identify and indicate disease conditions based on the impedance measurements. Multiple impedance vectors may be taken into account, and an optimal vector may be selected to provide the most useful impedance measurement for the identification and indication of disease conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing power transfer between modular intraluminal devices. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a first intraluminal device and a second intraluminal device; the first intraluminal device including a body structure, a sensor, a processor, a data transmitter, and a wireless energy receiver oriented to wirelessly receive energy originating external to the first intraluminal device to power at least one of the sensor, the processor, or the data transmitter; the second intraluminal device including a second body structure, and an energy storage device configured to wirelessly transfer energy stored in the energy storage device to the wireless energy receiver of the first intraluminal device when the first intraluminal device and the second intraluminal device are positioned within a subject.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing power transfer between modular intraluminal devices. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a first intraluminal device and a second intraluminal device; the first intraluminal device including a body structure, a sensor, a processor, a data transmitter, and an energy storage module configured to power at least one of the sensor, the processor, or the data transmitter; the second intraluminal device including a second body structure, an energy storage device, and a docking structure, where the energy storage device is configured to transfer energy when the first intraluminal device and the second intraluminal device are coupled via the docking structure, the docking structure further configured to automatically decouple the first intraluminal device and the second intraluminal device subsequent to transfer of the energy.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns improved capabilities for evaluating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A system and method of evaluating PAH in a subject may include measuring end tidal partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide in the subject, wherein the measurement is made orally using described systems or devices. Integrated sensors enable the measurement and characterization of other respiratory gas components, some of which may be indicative of disease. The system and method can be used to monitor a course of treatment for PAH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical monitoring, and in particular non-contact, video-based monitoring of pulse rate, respiration rate, motion, and oxygen saturation. Systems and methods are described for capturing images of a patient, producing intensity signals from the images, filtering those signals to focus on a physiologic component, and measuring a vital sign from the filtered signals. Examples include flood fill methods and skin tone filtering methods.

Abstract: A degree-of-health outputting device is provided with a display unit, an operating unit, and an output unit. The display unit displays a captured image of a region, the state of which changes according to a degree of health in a living body, and displays a plurality of comparison images having different degrees of health obtained on the basis of a reference image of the region captured prior to the time the abovementioned captured image was acquired for the same living body. The operating unit is provided in order to select one of the plurality of comparison images displayed by the display unit. The output unit (e.g., the display unit) outputs (e.g., displays) information relating to the degree of health of the living body on the basis of the comparison image selected through use of the operating unit.

Abstract: A sensing device including a sensor, a triggering mechanism is provided. The sensing device is attachable to a covering positioned in contact with a body such that the triggering mechanism extends between first and second segments of the body. Movement of at least one of the first and second segments activates the triggering mechanism to provide an input to the sensor, actuating the sensor to generate an output defining at least one measurement of the movement. The measurement may be one or more of rotation, translation, velocity, acceleration, and joint angle. An intermediate mechanism may be interposed between the triggering mechanism and the sensor. The sensing device may include a means to process or record measurements corresponding to movement. A system and method of measuring the movement is also provided.

Abstract: A gait analysis system includes a foot sensing unit, a knee sensing unit and a portable device. The foot sensing unit senses pressure information. The knee sensing unit senses first and second three-dimensional rotational attributes of knee. The portable device generates direction of ground reaction force according to the pressure information, the first and the second three-dimensional rotational attributes of knee and a model of direction of ground reaction force, generates knee moment according to the pressure information, the first and the second three-dimensional rotational attribute of knee, the direction of ground reaction force, length of tibia and model of knee moment, determines gait information according to a gait model and one of the pressure information, the first and the second three-dimensional rotational attributes of knee, and generates gait analysis result according to the gait information, the knee moment and the gait model.

Abstract: A method for gait analysis of a subject performed periodically over time to detect changes in one or more gait characteristics. The method includes detecting and identifying a subject and analyzing the gait of the subject on a plurality of occasions. Analyzing the gait of the subject includes, a detecting body parts, generating a joint model depicting the location of the at least one joint in each of the at least two frames, using the joint model to segment a gait cycle for the at least one joint, and comparing the gait cycle to a threshold value to detect abnormal gait.

Abstract: A wearable system and method for providing BCG data from a user including a wearable sensor configured to receive cardiogenic surface vibration waveforms, a calibrating sensor configured to receive cardiogenic center-of-mass (COM) vibration waveforms, and a processor configured to use the COM vibration waveforms as a template for modifying the surface vibration waveforms to provide health-related outputs. A systematic approach for elucidating the relationship between surface vibrations of the body in the head-to-foot direction from the wearable sensor, and the movements of the whole body as measured by the calibrating sensor is disclosed. Additionally, a methodology for converting the wearable acceleration signals to BCG signals such that the same analysis and interpretation tools can be used for both measurements is presented.

Abstract: Certain embodiments herein relate to a device, system, and method for improving fitness posture. In one embodiment, a system for improving fitness posture can be provided. The system can include at least one memory to store computer-executable instructions and a processor configured to access the at least one memory and execute the computer-executable instructions. The instructions may be configured to receive, from one or more sensors, exercise information associated with the movement of a user while performing an exercise. The instruction can be further configured to determine if the user is performing the exercise correctly based at least in part on the exercise information. The instructions can be further configured to generate one or more messages to provide feedback to the user about improving the user's posture and performance of the exercise. The instructions can be further configured to transmit the messages to a user device associated with the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a range of motion of a joint are described. For example, in one embodiment, a first set of sensors may sense accelerations of a first body portion located on a first side of the joint and a second set of sensors may sense accelerations of the second body portion located on a second opposing side of the joint. The acceleration data may then be used to compute the relative motion of the first and second body portions to determine movement of the joint. This joint movement may then be used to determine one or more range of motion movement metrics which are output for viewing by a subject or medical practitioner.

Abstract: A mouth guard, or wearable device, senses impact forces, calculates risk factors for injury, and displays status of risk and potential injury. A mouth guard may be used to identify, treat and prevent exacerbating brain injury. A wearable device can be programmed with biometric data to better calculate and anticipate impact thresholds and more precisely predict and prevent injury.

Abstract: Sensor systems, transdermal analyte monitoring systems (TAMS), and methods of improving analyte detection are described herein. The sensor systems have two working terminals, at least one counter terminal, and optionally one or more reference terminals. The first working terminal measures electrical signals due to an analyte level along with background interferences. The second working terminal measures only background interferences. The transdermal analyte monitoring systems include the sensor system and a computing device. The computing device performs mathematical analysis using an appropriate algorithm on the electrical information provided by the electrodes of the sensor system to obtain an accurate analyte level. Typically, the second electrical signal is subtracted from the first electrical signal to obtain an accurate analyte level in real time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to instruments and methods related to the in vivo analytical performance of percutaneously implanted nitric oxide (NO)-releasing amperometric glucose biosensors. Needle-type glucose biosensors can be functionalized with NO-releasing polyurethane coatings designed to release similar total amounts of NO for rapid or slower (greater than 3 day) durations and remain functional as outer glucose sensor membranes. Relative to controls, NO-releasing sensors were characterized with improved numerical accuracy on days 1 and 3. Furthermore, the clinical accuracy and sensitivity of rapid NO-releasing sensors were superior to control and slower NO-releasing sensors at both 1 and 3 days implantation. In contrast, the slower, extended NO releasing-sensors were characterized by shorter sensor lag times (<4.2 min) in response to intravascular glucose tolerance tests versus burst NO-releasing and control sensors (>5.8 min) at 3, 7, and 10 d.

Abstract: A method for real-time, high-density physiological data collection includes automatically measuring, by a wearable device, one or more physiological parameters during each of a plurality of measurement periods, and upon conclusion of a measurement period, for each of the plurality of measurement periods, automatically transmitting by the wearable device data representative of the physiological parameters measured during that measurement period, to a server, the server configured to develop a baseline profile based on the data transmitted by the wearable device for the plurality of measurement periods. The measurement periods may extend through a plurality of consecutive days, and each of the consecutive days may include multiple measurement periods. At least some of the physiological parameters are measured by non-invasively detecting one or more analytes in blood circulating in subsurface vasculature proximate to the wearable device.