Abstract: An apparatus for removing fluid, such as condensate, from the inside of a rotating cylinder 10. The apparatus comprises a syphon shoe 50 proximate to the inside surface 35 of the rotating cylinder 10. The syphon shoe 50 is connected a syphon pipe 29. The syphon shoe 50 further comprises two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and a divider 60. The two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 are disposed substantially parallel to the direction of rotation of the rotating cylinder 10. The divider separates the opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and extends radially from the end of the syphon end 50.

Abstract: A tray is provided for conveying a workpiece placed on the tray inside a heat treatment furnace. The tray includes plural kinds of positional displacement regulating parts for respectively regulating horizontal positional displacements of plural kinds of workpieces with different sizes, wherein the plural kinds of positional displacement regulating parts are arranged concentrically in a plane shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling suspension in a suspension smelting furnace, to a suspension smelting furnace, and to a concentrate burner. The method comprises feeding additionally to pulverous solid matter and additionally to reaction gas reducing agent into the suspension smelting furnace, wherein reducing agent is fed in the form of a concentrated stream of reducing agent through the suspension in the reaction shaft onto the surface of the melt to form a reducing zone containing reducing agent within the collection zone of the melt.

Abstract: A double wall panel member for use in a panel wall is provided which includes a tongue-configured end and a groove-configured end. The panel member includes a first outer wall spaced laterally from a second outer wall, and the groove-configured end has a first groove wall portion extending from the first outer wall and a second groove wall portion extending from the second outer wall, where the first groove wall portion extends further outward than the second groove wall portion. When connected, the wall panel members are assembled with the groove end pointing or oriented upward (not downward) and the tongue end pointing or oriented downward (not upward).

Abstract: Plate-shaped fins of a heat exchanger each include, at circumferential portions thereof defining a notch in which a heat transfer tube having a flattened shape is disposed, fin collars formed by being raised from the circumferential portions. Each of the fin collars includes, in a position that faces a long axis side surface of the heat transfer tube, at least one reflare section bent in a direction opposite to the side surface. At least one of the reflare sections defining fin pitches between the adjoining plate-shaped fins is formed so that a reflare tip portion, which is a tip portion of the reflare section, is drawn apart from a contact side surface of the plate-shaped fin with which the reflare section comes into contact.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger including exchange components and fluid flow components (2, 2?, 3), at least one fluid collecting tank (11, 11?) into which the exchange components open out (2, 2?, 3), at least one collecting plate (10) for holding the exchange components (2, 2?, 3) and a housing (4) for accommodating the exchange components (2, 2?, 3). The exchanger is characterized in that it includes a flange (5) for fixing the collecting tank (11, 11?) on the housing (4). Thanks to the invention, the transmission of stresses from the flange (5) to the collecting plate (10) is avoided, which means that a thinner collecting plate (10) is able to be formed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided. The heat exchanger (40) provides a first plurality of tubes (50) and a second plurality of flow passages (52) which furcate near one of the first (42) and second (44) manifolds into two or more furcated flow passages and subsequently converge to exit the heat exchanger. The plurality of furcated flow passages are intertwined, reducing the distance between flow passages (50,52) containing each fluid therebetween to improve thermal transfer. Further, the furcations create changes of direction of the fluid to re-establish new thermal boundary layers within the flow passages to further reduce resistance to thermal transfer.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger can reduce thermal contact between a second fluid (water and a third fluid (low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant) to enhance thermal efficiency. A plate heat exchanger (1b) includes a heat transfer plate group (102a) that performs heat exchange between a first fluid of high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant and a second fluid of a heating target fluid; and a heat transfer plate group (102b) that performs heat exchange between a first fluid of low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant and a third fluid of low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase liquid refrigerant. The heat transfer plate group (102a) forms refrigerant channels including a stack of plates, has a configuration that a flow of the first fluid of high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant and a flow of the second fluid are alternately aligned in the refrigerant channels, and causes the second fluid to flow in the outermost refrigerant channel.

Abstract: A vapor chamber structure includes a first board body, a second board body and a working fluid. The first board body has a hooked section. The second board body has a hook section. The hook section and the hooked section contact and hook and connect with each other. The vapor chamber structure has no additional support structure, but is still free from the problem of thermal expansion. Also, the vapor chamber structure can be both thinned and lightweight.

Abstract: A product is provided with a container holding a heat storage medium. A fluid is entrained in a conduit that is routed through the container and routed through a heat generating system. An initiator is operably connected to the container. The heat storage medium is responsive to the generation of a signal from the initiator. When the heat generating system is in operation, the fluid is moved through the conduit so that when the heat generating system is operating, heat generated as a by-product is entrained in the fluid, passed through the container via the conduit and transferred to the heat storage medium. When desirable to provide heat to the heat generating system, the initiator is operated to expose the heat storage medium to a signal triggering the release of heat from the heat storage medium that is transferred through the fluid to the heat generation system.

Abstract: Provided is a heat storage including a container including a first container made of ceramics and a second container made of ceramics, the first container and the second container being combined, and a heat storage material housed inside the container. The first container and the second container are bonded via a bonding member. A volume occupied by pores in the first container, in a first contact region including a surface section in contact with the bonding member, is greater than a volume occupied by pores in regions other than the first contact region. A volume occupied by pores in the second container, in a second contact region including a surface section in contact with the bonding member, is greater than a volume occupied by pores in regions other than the second contact region.

Abstract: A refrigeration, or thermal, energy storage system for storing refrigeration, or thermal, energy, comprising a body, closed and insulated, the body being configured to contain two fluids, respectively a Phase Change Material (PCM) type fluid and a secondary fluid, the two fluids being immiscible with each other and having different densities, so as to be stratified within the volume of the body; withdrawal means configured to draw the secondary fluid from the body, and to convey the same inside a heat exchanger configured to exchange frigories, or calories, with the secondary fluid; and distribution means configured to draw the secondary fluid from the heat exchanger, and distribute the secondary fluid into the PCM type fluid, so that the secondary fluid exchanges with the PCM type fluid frigories, or calories, absorbed in the heat exchanger, the secondary fluid having a solidification temperature substantially lower than that of the PCM type fluid.

Abstract: A planar heat pipe includes a container having a hollow portion provided at a central portion thereof with two opposing plate-shaped bodies, and a working fluid enclosed in the hollow portion. The hollow portion is provided with a wick structure. At least one of the plate-shaped bodies is a composite member of two or more types of metal members that are laminated and integrated. A metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts the hollow portion has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 200 W/m·K and a metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts an exterior has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 100 W/m·K, a peripheral portion of the hollow portion being sealed.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting device comprising a light source and a heat sink (200). The heat sink (200) is configured to dissipate thermal energy from the light source when in operation. The heat sink comprises a plurality of pin-shaped fins (210) and a support (220), wherein each fin (210) has a fin height (h) relative to the support (220), a bottom part (213) associated with the support (220) and a top part (214), a cross-section having a first width (d1) and a second width (d2) having a ratio d1/d2 selected from the range of 1.2-10, and a first width axis, wherein the first width axes of the pin-shaped fins (210) are arranged parallel, and wherein the pin-shaped fins (210) are hollow over at least part of their fin height (h).

Abstract: A mounting assembly for mounting a heat exchanger comprises an elongate member defining a screw threaded axial bore at each end, and a bolt for each screw threaded bore. The assembly further comprises two elastomeric parts each being substantially top hat shaped and defining an axial bore to receive one end of the elongate member, such that the assembly can be mounted between two apertured mounting parts by arranging the heat exchanger between the mounting parts, with the elongate member received in a bore through the heat exchanger, and tightening the bolts so that the mounting part is clamped between the end of the elongate member and the bolt head, with the elastomeric parts mounting the mounting assembly in the heat exchanger bore so that resilient compression of the elastomeric parts allows movement of the heat exchanger with respect to the elastomeric parts.

Abstract: Polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures are provided which include a selectively emissive layer of a polymer or a polymer matrix composite material. Exemplary selective radiative cooling structures are in the form of a sheet, film or coating. Also provided are methods for removing heat from a body by selective thermal radiation using polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures.

Abstract: Embodiments of a magazine for storing cartridges 30 for use with a firearm are disclosed. The magazine may include a stack divider 50 that creates at least two spaces for stacks of cartridges. The magazine may also include feed lips that have an entry point sized to allow the cartridges to be loaded with a single straight-in motion.

Abstract: A firearm disabling system is disclosed. The firearm disabling system includes a control circuit configured to detect one or more operational parameters of a firearm associated with an unauthorized use scenario. A foam deployment system is in signal communication with the control circuit. The foam deployment system is configured to disable one or more mechanical functions of the firearm.

Abstract: This invention relates to a single hand cranked firing control system that converts a plurality of AR 15 rifles to a single hand cranked firing system. The system is operated by a single hand crank. The triggering of the guns has a slight time difference that results in a slight time difference in firing operation of the guns. The system comprises a single hand crank for the firing operation of the guns.

Abstract: A bipod with a quick connect feature that engages with a standard rail. The bipod includes a pair legs pivotally attached at a pivot axis. A biasing mechanism is coupled to the legs that has a dead center position when the legs are in an intermediate configuration between a deployed configuration and a collapsed configuration. By shifting the biasing mechanism to one side or the other, the legs are automatically deployed to either the deployed configuration or the collapsed configuration. The biasing mechanism maintains the interface with the rail when in the deployed configuration and retains the lower portions of the legs adjacent each other in the collapsed configuration.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a crossbow comprises a stock and a bow portion comprising at least one limb and a string. A riser attaches said bow portion to the stock. A latch is located in proximity to a butt of the stock. The latch is configured to retain the string in a drawn condition. A trigger is arranged to release the latch. An extension member extends from the butt of the stock to the latch. The extension member and the stock define a cavity, and the latch assembly is oriented within the cavity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a ball feed mechanism and associated method for use in a paintball loader. The ball feed mechanism includes a feeder which conveys or impels balls toward a feed neck, and a drive member which is concentric with the feeder. The feeder is coupled to the drive member. An electric motor is used to rotate the drive member which in turn causes the feeder to rotate. The feed mechanism includes sensors which detect the motion of the feeder and the drive member. A controller determines the position of the feeder relative to the drive member and actuates a motor when necessary.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus and system for recording, differentiating, and reporting the discharge of firearms. The monitoring apparatus can be mounted to a firearm and may be automatically activated when the firearm is drawn from a holster thus enabling the monitoring apparatus to record information such as sound, video, location, time, and the like. The apparatus may use this information to differentiate between shots fired by the firearm and shots fired by other firearms. The device may report this distinction to a remote computer configured to receive updates from the weapon mounted apparatus in real time. The remote computer may display the information on a user interface such as a map display, and/or distribute the information according to rules defining how the information should be processed.

Abstract: A dual-adjustable mounting shoe has a shoe body. A middle portion of the shoe body has at least one pocket formed therein. At least one pocket insert is positioned at least partially within the pocket. The pocket insert has a raised tooth positioned along a rear of the shoe body and a forward edge positioned along a front of the shoe body, wherein the at least one pocket insert is movable relative to the shoe body to adjust a position of at least one of the raised tooth and the forward edge relative to the shoe body. At least one fastener is engageable with the at least one pocket insert to secure the at least one pocket insert in a stationary position at least partially within the pocket. The dual-adjustable mounting shoe is usable with both a rear-indexing receptacle and a forward-indexing receptacle.

Abstract: Implementations of a rear sight block for AK-type rifles are provided. In some implementations, the rear sight block may comprise an optic mounting interface and a sleeve. In some implementations, the optic mounting interface may be used to attach an optical gun sight to the rear sight block, and the sleeve may be used to secure the rear sight block to the barrel of an AK-type rifle. In some implementations, the optic mounting interface may include a rear sight notch therein. In some implementations, the rear sight block may further comprise at least one accessory mounting interface thereon. In some implementations, the accessory mounting interface may be used to position a flashlight, laser, and/or other firearm accessory on the left (or right) side of the rear sight block.

Abstract: Garments made from a composite, protective fabric are disclosed. The composite fabric has textile layers placed in proximity to metallic mesh layers of woven stainless steel mesh. The metal mesh layers formed from any metal which forms suitable fibers. The textile layers are fabric formed with well-known fabric fibers selected from those including para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, a mixture of para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers, and a mixture of para-aramid fibers and carbon fibers. Forming the non-metal textile layers is by any suitable method for interlacing yarns including weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting, or combinations thereof. The garments made using the fabric include gloves, bullet proof vests and chain-saw resistant trousers.

Abstract: A target device for target practice. The target device is foldable from a planar cardboard material sheet into a three-dimensional housing having lifted target extensions. The target extensions can be formed or printed with a target shape, or a separate target label can be applied over the target extension. The target extensions can include a tab cut therein that can be folded outward to change the angle of the target extensions relative to the shooter user.

Abstract: The invention concerns to an ecological shooting training for any type and caliber ammunition that achieves projectiles safe absorption and decomposition as well as the decomposition residues retention in the interior, so as to be achieved through ecological way the prevention of environmental pollution by lead particles. The ecological shooting training for any type and caliber ammunition mainly comprises from a metal compact sheet (2) which bears a metal support frame (3) in which is placed a metallic support frame (4) of rectangular cross section from high hardness steel which bears a layer of numerous high hardness metal plates a specific arrangement to each other to create a repeated metal mesh with rhomboid shape (5), in which a selected hybrid elastomer (6), a spreadable material of one component, based on polyurethane and synthetic acrylic resins has been injected. Optionally may bear an imprinted goals rotation system (8).

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising a molded metal bottom portion comprising a primer recess in communication with a primer flash hole that extends into a propellant chamber; a molded metal top portion comprises a projectile aperture at a first end and mates to the molded metal bottom portion at a second end to enclose the propellant chamber; and a neck to connect the transition from the projectile aperture to the diameter of the propellant chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lead-free partial fragmentation bullet comprising a bullet jacket, a rear core compressed therein, and a nose core compressed in the ogive region, wherein the tip core sits on the rear core. In order that the rear core does not separate from the contacting bullet jacket upon striking a target body and to thereby guarantee a sure exit wound out of the target body, a predetermined breaking point is proposed which is arranged between the rear core and the nose core. The rear core has a molded recess on the end thereof facing the nose core, the end of the nose core facing the tail core fills in said recess, and the bullet jacket has a peripheral break away edge on the outer circumference in the region of the predetermined breaking point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Pb-free deforming/partially fragmenting projectile with a projectile body. In order to improve the killing effect of the projectile, the projectile has a fragmenting core according to the invention. The projectile body is equipped with a bore which is arranged on the longitudinal axis, extends from the tip of the projectile body, and extends into the interior, and the projectile body tip, which faces away from the projectile base has a bevel which extends from the outer circumference of the projectile body to the bore and runs at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis. The fragmenting core has a cylindrical part and a head part. The cylindrical part is arranged in the bore, and the head part protrudes out of the bore and has a support surface which is adapted to the bevel in the projectile body and together with the support surface rests on the bevel of the projectile body. The head part has a rounded tip which forms the tip of the projectile.

Abstract: Ammunition containers incorporate an advanced sealing/latching arrangement as well as a lightning mitigation scheme that exhibits a number of advantageous features. A cover assembly is provided that separates the latching functionality from the sealing functionality such that the latching assembly is rotateably engaged and the cover seal is provided via radial (rather than axial) compression of an annular sealing component. In addition, a novel lightning mitigation system also functions as a convenient method of grasping and transporting the containers.

Abstract: A product comprising a film proportioned to fit on a surface of a mirror and adapted to electrostatically adhere to the surface of the mirror; the film comprising calibrated markings calibrated to allow a subject to accurately reference body position and body movements in the mirror when the film is adhered to the surface of the mirror. A mirror comprising calibrated markings including measurement demarcations and calibrated to allow a subject to accurately reference and measure body movements.

Abstract: An inner-wall measuring instrument includes: a placement surface on which an object to be measured is placed; a base relatively movable with respect to the placement surface in three axis directions orthogonal to one another; a touch probe that is disposed at a first position of the base and brought into contact with the object; an image probe that is disposed at a second position of the base and capable of imaging the object with a direction parallel to the placement surface being an imaging direction; a rotational drive unit that rotates the image probe around an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the placement surface; a linear drive unit that moves the image probe in the imaging direction; and a calculator that calculates an offset amount between the touch probe disposed at the first position and the image probe disposed at the second position.

Abstract: A measuring probe includes: a stylus having a contact part to be brought into contact with an object to be measured; a probe housing capable of supporting the stylus on an axial center; and a detection element capable of detecting a movement of the contact part. The measuring probe further includes: two supporting members disposed in an axial direction of the probe housing, the supporting member allowing for an attitude change of the stylus; and a coupling shaft for coupling the two supporting members together. The detection element is disposed in one of the two supporting members that is farthest away from a rotational center position of rotation generated in the stylus when a measuring force is applied to the contact part from a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, to detect a strain amount of the one of the two supporting members.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to apparatuses, methods and systems for tracking usage of an item. In one scenario, a microcontroller is configured to send a periodic signal over electrical traces that are distributed over an item to determine whether a change in electrical throughput has occurred in a trace. Upon determining that such a change has occurred, an indication is generated that describes the type of usage that occurred and the time at which the use occurred. An indication of the type of usage and the time of occurrence is then provided to specified recipients. Apparatuses for tracking such usage include a battery, a microprocessor, a transmitter and capsules for storing the controlled substances. Each capsule has an electrical trace extending through at least some of the capsule. The microprocessor is configured to determine, using the electrical traces, which capsules have been opened by identifying which traces have been broken.

Abstract: A measuring probe includes two supporting members, each having a rotationally symmetric shape and allowing for an attitude change of a stylus, in an axial direction of a probe housing. Four detection elements are disposed at fourfold symmetric positions in one of the two supporting members that includes four deformable arm parts. A signal processing circuit includes a first processing part that processes outputs of the detection elements to output three displacement signals representing displacement components of a contact part in mutually perpendicular three directions, respectively. The measuring probe capable of reducing measurement directional dependency of sensitivity with a simple configuration while maintaining high sensitivity is thus provided.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to an air spring height measurement arrangement comprising a magnetic field transmitting arrangement (110) and a magnetic field receiving arrangement (120). The magnetic field transmitting arrangement is adapted to adopt a first state and a second state with regard to the magnetic field receiving arrangement. One of the magnetic field transmitting arrangement (110) and the magnetic field receiving arrangement (120) comprises a first coil (141) and a second coil and the other comprises a third coil (143). A first central axis (161) of the first coil and a second central axis (162) of the second coil enclose a first angle (171) and, in the first state, a third central axis (163) of the third coil (143) and the first central axis enclose a second angle (172), which first and second angle cannot be 0°.

Abstract: A probehead of an NMR-MAS apparatus with a rotation axis (RA), which lies in an xz-plane, titled by an angle ?>0 relative to a z-axis. The angle ? is adjusted by tilting around a tilt axis (DA) parallel to the y-axis relative to a target angle ?target. An angle measurement apparatus (9) has a first sensor element (7), which, together with a second sensor element (8) generates sensor signals dependent on the amplitude B0 of the static magnetic field and the vectorial orientation between the magnetic field B0 and a sensitivity vector. Two sensitivity vectors have an angle 5°<?i<175° to the z-axis and an angle ?>10° to each other. The angle between the rotation axis and the z-axis can be measured precisely and reliably over a large range, providing a feedback signal for regulated adjustment or tracking of the angle ?.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes an optical radiation source (410, 510), a frequency clock module outputting frequency clock signals (420), an optical interferometer (430), a data acquisition (DAQ) device (440) triggered by the frequency clock signals, and a computer (450) to perform multi-dimensional optical imaging of the samples. The frequency clock signals are processed by software or hardware to produce a record containing frequency-time relationship of the optical radiation source (410, 510) to externally clock the sampling process of the DAQ device (440). The system may employ over-sampling and various digital signal processing methods to improve image quality. The system further includes multiple stages of routers (1418, 1425) connecting the light source (1410) with a plurality of interferometers (1420a-1420n) and a DAQ system (1450) externally clocked by frequency clock signals to perform high-speed multi-channel optical imaging of samples.

Abstract: There is described herein a method and system for inspecting various fabrication features of composite components, such as tow/ply location, angle deviation, and gap size, using a laser-vision assembly. In some embodiments, a tolerance for that fabrication feature is provided as an inspection feature and a laser projecting device projects the inspection feature onto the material. Alternatively or in combination thereof, a calibration feature is projected onto the material, the calibration feature comprising known dimensional information. An image acquisition device acquires an image of the material with the inspection/calibration feature(s) projected thereon. The images can be analysed automatically or manually to detect whether the fabrication features are compliant and/or to obtain measurement data of the fabrication features.

Abstract: A coordinate measuring machine comprising an optical sensor for optically capturing a workpiece; an illumination device for illuminating the workpiece; a pose determination unit for determining data relating to a workpiece pose including a position and orientation of the workpiece; a storage unit for storing (i) data relating to a reference pose including a position and orientation of a reference workpiece, and (ii) data relating to a reference light setting of the illumination device used for a measurement of the reference workpiece; and a control unit which is configured to control a light setting of the illumination device for a measurement of the workpiece by adapting the reference light setting based on a comparison of the stored data relating to the reference pose with the determined data relating to the workpiece pose.

Abstract: A coordinate measurement device comprises an articulated arm having a first end, a second end, and a plurality of jointed arm segments therebetween. Each arm segment defines at least one axis of rotation. A laser scanner assembly is coupled to the second end of the arm and is rotatable about a last axis of rotation of the articulated arm. The laser scanner assembly comprises a laser and an image sensor. The laser is positioned on an opposite side of the last axis of rotation from the image sensor.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of measuring a shape based on reflected light from a surface of an object irradiated with light from a measurement head, includes: acquiring a first measurement result by setting a measurement condition suitable for the measurement of a first region of the object and by measuring a first scanning range of the surface with a first scanning pitch; determining a second region of the surface except the first region from the first measurement result; and acquiring a second measurement result by setting a measurement condition suitable for the measurement of the second region and by measuring a second scanning range of the surface narrower than the first scanning range with a second scanning pitch finer than the first scanning pitch.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of measuring a surface of an object having a curved shape by measuring a distance from a measurement head to the object, includes: setting a measuring region of the object and a threshold value of concave and convex; acquiring shape reference data including the curved shape of the object; acquiring three-dimensional data of the surface of the object by measuring the distance between the object in the measuring region and the measurement head; acquiring curve removed data by removing the shape reference data from the three-dimensional data; calculating second reference data by calculating first reference data based on the curve removed data, by removing data exceeding the threshold value with respect to the first reference data, from the curve removed data, and by averaging the curve removed data; and calculating shape data of the concave and convex.

Abstract: An optical inner-surface measurement device includes: an optical fiber included inside a tube, the optical fiber being configured to be inserted into a hole of an inspection object; at least two optical-path converting elements disposed in a forward-end of the optical fiber; and a motor for rotationally driving at least one of the at least two optical-path converting elements. The at least two optical-path converting elements emit a light beam, guided thereto through the optical fiber, to an inner peripheral surface of the hole of the inspection object three-dimensionally in a circumferential direction and an axial direction of the hole.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for measuring surface topography of a three-dimensional structure. In many embodiments, the apparatus is configured to focus each of a plurality of light beams to a respective fixed focal position relative to the apparatus. The apparatus measures a characteristic of each of a plurality of returned light beams that are generated by illuminating the three-dimensional structure with the light beams. The characteristic is measured for a plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure. Surface topography of the three-dimensional structure is determined based at least in part on the measured characteristic of the returned light beams for the plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes an illumination device irradiating an object with a first and a second pattern, a camera taking image data of the object, a motor displacing the object, and a processor measuring the object, obtaining a first value of the object based on a first number of image data taken with the first pattern at a first number of phases at a first position, obtaining a gain and/or offset based on the first number of image data, obtaining a second value of the object based on the gain and/or offset and a second number of image data taken with the second pattern at a second number of phases at a second position, obtaining height data of the object based on the first and the second value, and obtaining the second value with an average of the gain and/or offset of pixels adjacent to each pixel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for providing an indication of the perpendicularity of a conveyor belt idler with respect to a reference line known to be parallel to a direction of movement of a conveyor belt when the conveyor belt is disposed on the conveyor belt idler. An idler roller attachment structure is provided to be temporarily attached to a first idler roller having a first rotational axis. An elongated member is rotatably and axially moveably operatively attached to the idler roller attachment structure along a reference axis of rotation which is parallel to the first rotational axis. A laser, having a laser beam, is operatively attached to the elongated member, the laser beam being perpendicular to the reference axis of rotation.

Abstract: A surface texture measuring apparatus includes an X axis displacement mechanism and a Y axis displacement mechanism displacing a measurable object having an interior wall along an XY plane; a measurement sensor measuring a surface texture of the interior wall without contact; a Z axis displacement mechanism displacing the measurement sensor in a Z axis direction orthogonal to the XY plane and bringing the measurement sensor to face the interior wall; a W axis displacement mechanism displacing the measurement sensor facing the interior wall in a normal direction of the interior wall; and a ? axis displacement mechanism displacing the measurement sensor facing the interior wall along the interior wall.