Abstract: Hollow microbeads of glass are produced during a number of operating phases in which an upwardly directed hot gas flow is produced in a firing chamber by firing a vertical furnace. The firing chamber is continuously charged with microparticles of a starting glass material and the microparticles are expanded in the hot gas flow into the hollow microbeads. Expanded hollow microbeads are discharged out of the firing chamber with the gas flow through a gas outlet at the upper end of the vertical furnace. Between successive operating phases there is respectively provided a charging break, during which the charging of the firing chamber with the microparticles is suspended. In these charging breaks, the microparticles remaining in the firing chamber are respectively removed from the firing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing glass containers for pharmaceutical use. This method allows obtaining containers with a low degree of alkalinity. In some preferred embodiments the process allows the manufacture of sterile containers and substantially free of particles ready to be used by the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract: A hot glass sheet processing system includes a conveyor roller support structure (34) located within a heated location (32) and has an elongated cooling unit (36) having a housing (38) defining a cooling chamber (40) that receives and has bearings (42) that rotatably support an aligned set of roller ends (30). The cooling unit includes a cooling circuit that supplies cooling fluid to the cooling chamber (40) to provide cooling of the aligned set of roller ends (30) and the bearings (42).

Abstract: An optical fiber base material manufacturing apparatus including a reaction chamber; a burner that has a portion thereof inserted into the reaction chamber through an insertion opening that creates a connection between the inside and outside of the reaction chamber, and emits a flame toward a starting member positioned within the reaction chamber; and a seal connection member that creates an air-tight seal between the burner and the reaction chamber at the insertion opening. One end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the burner inserted therethrough, another end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the reaction chamber and has a through-hole formed therein through which the burner is inserted without contacting the seal connection member, and the seal connection member includes a connecting portion that connects the one end to the other end, while preventing transfer of stress between the one end and the other end.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass fiber composition, a glass fiber and a composite material therefrom. The glass fiber composition comprises the following components expressed as percentage by weight: 58-64% SiO2, 14-19% Al203, ?8.8% and <11.8% CaO, 7.5-11% MgO, 0.2-2.7% SrO, 0.1-2% Na2O+K2O, 0.05-0.9% Li2O, 0.05-1% Fe2O3, 0.05-1.1% TiO2 and <0.5% F2, wherein the range of the weight percentage ratio C1=(MgO+SrO)/CaO is 0.75-1.1, and the range of the weight percentage ratio C2=CaO/MgO is less than 1.4. Said composition can effectively inhibit the crystallization tendency of glass, significantly decrease the liquidus temperature and crystallization degree of glass and also has an outstanding glass refractive index and outstanding modulus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anisotropic glass containing, in terms of mol % on the basis of oxides, P2O5 in a content of from 45 mol % to 57 mol %, two or more kinds of alkali metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O in a total content of from 30 mol % to 54 mol %, and at least one polyvalent element oxide other than P2O5 in a total content of from 0.1 mol % to 20 mol %, and having a birefringence of 30×10?6 or more.

Abstract: A semi-transparent coating material for coating glass or glass ceramics includes at least one sol-gel hybrid-polymer coating system having a hybrid-polymer or inorganic sol-gel-based matrix, and nanoparticles and nanoscale pigments and/or dyes are added to the hybrid-polymer or inorganic sol-gel-based matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reflective articles, such as solar mirrors, that include a sacrificial cathodic layer. The reflective article, more particularly includes a substrate, such as glass, having a multi-layered coating thereon that includes a lead-free sacrificial cathodic layer. The sacrificial cathodic layer includes at least one transition metal, such as a particulate transition metal, which can be in the form of flakes (e.g., zinc flakes). The sacrificial cathodic layer can include an inorganic matrix formed from one or more organo-titanates. Alternatively, the sacrificial cathodic layer can include an organic polymer matrix (e.g., a crosslinked organic polymer matrix formed from an organic polymer and an aminoplast crosslinking agent). The reflective article also includes an outer organic polymer coating, that can be electrodeposited over the sacrificial cathodic layer.

Abstract: Heavy-metal-free glass enamels are applied to glass and fired. After firing, the coated glass can subsequently be ion exchanged to give a chemically strengthened, decorated glass article.

Abstract: An antimicrobial chemically strengthened glass and a method for manufacturing the chemically strengthened antimicrobial glass. The antimicrobial chemically strengthened glass includes an antimicrobial surface layer having at least 0.1 at % of silver ions and at least 0.1 at % of copper ions, wherein the chemically strengthened antimicrobial glass has a CIE color channel b* of less than 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sizing compositions, glass fibers at least partially coated with sizing compositions, and glass fiber reinforced composite materials. In one embodiment, a sizing composition comprises at least one maleic anhydride copolymer, at least one coupling agent, and a reaction product of an alkoxylated amine and a polycarboxylic acid, which is further reacted with an epoxy compound.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a two-part sizing composition comprising: (A) A precursor comprising: (a) An aminosilane (e.g. A1100) and (b) a polymer or copolymer containing carboxylic acid and/or anhydride, both having a functionality, F?3, and (B) A binder comprising a multi-functional epoxy resin of functionality, F?3. Glass fibres sized with the reaction product of the above composition yield a higher resistance to hydrolysis of polymeric matrix composite materials reinforced with such fibres. The sizing composition of the present invention is particularly advantageous for use with polyester resins, such as PET.

Abstract: A process for increasing the hydrophobicity of a porous product by treating the product, or a composition providing for the product, with a water repellent material, characterized in that the porous product or a composition providing the product, is treated with an aqueous suspension of microcapsules where the microcapsules comprise a water repellent organosilicon core material selected from an organosilane, a partially condensed organosilane and a branched siloxane resin, and a shell of a silicon-based network polymer comprising silica units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved bentonite barrier compositions having enhanced low permeability over time in containment applications. Of the many embodiments provided herein, one embodiment includes a method comprising: providing a bentonite barrier composition comprising: bentonite; and a polyanionic low molecular weight polymer; and forming a containment using the bentonite barrier composition to provide at least partial separation for a containment from its environment.

Abstract: A grout used in horizontal directional drilling including a silica material present in an amount of from about 50% to about 70%, bentonite present in an amount of from about 20% to about 30%, a carbon source present in an amount of from about 5% to about 15%, an inorganic alkaline material present in an amount of from about 0% to about 3%, a fluid loss additive present in an amount of from about 0% to about 1%, a polymeric dispersant present in an amount of from about 0% to about 1%, and a polymeric flow enhancer present in an amount of from about 0% to about 0.5%, all by weight of the grout composition. Methods utilizing the grout include placing conduit in a hole, forming the grout slurry, and placing the grout slurry adjacent to the conduct.

Abstract: A refractory article can include a body including a content of alumina of at least 60 wt %, a content of silica of not greater than 20 wt %, a content of zirconia of not greater than 20 wt % for a total weight of the body. In a particular embodiment, the body includes a third phase including composite grains including mullite and zirconia. The third phase including the composite grains can be present within a range including at least 1 wt % and not greater than 35 wt % for a total weight of the body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dental ceramic article comprising ceramic components, the ceramic components having ZrO2 and Al2O3 and at least one component comprising Mn, Er or mixtures thereof, Al2O3 being present in an amount below about 0.15 wt.-% with respect to the weight of the ceramic article. The present disclosure relates also to kit of parts comprising a ceramic article and a coloring solution and processes for producing a dental ceramic article.

Abstract: Ceramic matrix composite materials and a process for making said composite materials are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for a system in which liquid carbon dioxide, or a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, is converted to solid carbon dioxide by exiting an orifice at a sufficient pressure drop, e.g., for delivery of carbon dioxide to a concrete mixture in a mixer.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains, compositions comprising novel phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains, and methods of using novel phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains to increase the availability of phosphate for plant uptake in soil. In some embodiments, one or more of the novel phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains is coated onto a seed.

Abstract: Reactive nanocomposites comprising a metal nanoparticle functionalized with one or more layers of self-assembled protein cages and methods of making the same. The reactive nanocomposites according to the present invention demonstrate improved reaction kinetics and enhanced exothermic behavior.

Abstract: The method for catalytic methanation of synthesis gas includes the following steps: 1) feeding the synthesis gas into the bottom of a reactor of an upward concurrent flow transporting bed so as to adequately mix and preheat with methanation catalyst entering the bottom of the reactor until the activation temperature of the catalyst is reached and then the methanation reaction begins; and 2) after the methanation reaction, immediately passing the product gas and the catalyst grains outputted from the transporting bed into a gas-solid separator to perform a rapid separation so as to obtain the product gas.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for deoxygenating pyrolysis oil. A method includes contacting a pyrolysis oil with a deoxygenation catalyst in a first reactor at deoxygenation conditions to produce a first reactor effluent. The first reactor effluent has a first oxygen concentration and a first hydrogen concentration, based on hydrocarbons in the first reactor effluent, and the first reactor effluent includes an aromatic compound. The first reactor effluent is contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst in a second reactor at conditions that deoxygenate the first reactor effluent while preserving the aromatic compound to produce a second reactor effluent. The second reactor effluent has a second oxygen concentration lower than the first oxygen concentration and a second hydrogen concentration that is equal to or lower than the first hydrogen concentration, where the second oxygen concentration and the second hydrogen concentration are based on the hydrocarbons in the second reactor effluent.

Abstract: Process for simultaneous dehydration and skeletal isomerization of a feedstock that comprises at least one C4 monoalcohol and that contains between 0.5 and 50% water, for the purpose of producing C4 alkenes, with said process operating at a temperature of between 250 and 550° C., under a pressure of between 0.1 and 1 MPa, with an hourly volumetric flow rate of between 0.1 and 10 h?1, characterized in that it uses a catalyst that comprises at least one non-zeolitic aluminosilicate-type solid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous or non-continuous ionic liquid alkylation process comprising a step for solids removal, the process further comprising the steps (a) measuring the solids content in the ionic liquid alkylation process stream by on line (in situ) or off line sampling; (b) in response to the solids measurement signal, regulating the flow of the ionic liquid side stream to be sent to the solids removal device; (c) regulating the flow of the fresh ionic liquid inlet stream, for controlling the solids content in the ionic liquid alkylation process to a pre-defined level. The process of the invention provides a means to more efficiently run an ionic liquid alkylation process.

Abstract: Method and device for the production of acetylene using plasma technology, wherein a gas containing at least one type of hydrocarbon is fed into a non-thermal plasma of a plasma source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising alkene benzenes or alkene benzene sulfonates or alkylbenzenes or alkylbenzene sulfonates; methods for making alkene benzenes or alkene benzene sulfonates or alkylbenzenes or alkylbenzene sulfonates; where the benzene ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups designated R*, where R* is defined herein. More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions comprising 2-phenyl linear alkene benzenes or 2-phenyl linear alkene benzene sulfonates or 2-phenyl linear alkylbenzenes or 2-phenyl linear alkylbenzene sulfonates; methods for making 2-phenyl alkene benzenes or 2-phenyl alkene benzene sulfonates or 2-phenyl alkylbenzenes or 2-phenyl alkylbenzene sulfonates; where the benzene ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups designated R*, where R* is defined herein.

Abstract: A process includes hydrogenating, in a reaction zone, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon received from a hydrocarbon stream to yield a product having an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the hydrogenating step occurring in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst which has a selectivity for conversion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to the unsaturated hydrocarbon of about 90 mol % or greater based on the moles of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon which are converted to the product, the hydrogenating step occurring in a reaction zone under conditions which include a flow index (IF) in a range of about 0.09 to about 35, wherein the IF is defined as: I F = F × [ CO ] V , wherein F is the flow rate of the hydrocarbon stream into the reaction zone in units of kg/h, [CO] is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream in units of mol %, and V is the volume of the reaction zone in units of ft3.

Abstract: In a process for dehydrogenating cyclohexylbenzene and/or alkyl-substituted cyclohexylbenzene compounds, a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising at least one Group 10 metal compound on a support is heated in the presence of hydrogen from a first temperature from 0° C. to 200° C. to a second, higher temperature from 60° C. to 500° C. at a ramp rate no more than 100° C./hour. The dehydrogenation catalyst is contacted with hydrogen at the second temperature for a time from 3 to 300 hours to produce an activated dehydrogenation catalyst. A feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene and/or an alkyl-substituted cyclohexylbenzene compound is then contacted with hydrogen in the presence of the activated dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a dehydrogenation reaction product comprising biphenyl and/or an alkyl-substituted biphenyl compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluorination process, alternately comprising reaction stages and regeneration stages, wherein the reaction stages comprise reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and the regeneration stages comprise contacting the fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separation process whereby 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) is separated from a mixture containing other fluorinated organics and high boiling materials such as dimers using azeotropes of HF formed by adding appropriate amounts to the mixture which facilitate separation by, e.g. distillation.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene which comprises the following stages: (i) hydrogenation of hexafluoropropylene to give 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; (ii) dehydrofluorination of the 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane obtained in the preceding stage to give 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene; (iii) hydrogenation of the 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene obtained in the preceding stage to give 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; and (iv) dehydrofluorination of the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane obtained in the preceding stage to give 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene. Stages (ii) and (iv) are carried out using a water and potassium hydroxide mixture with the potassium hydroxide representing between 58 and 86% by weight of the mixture and at a temperature of between 110 and 180° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene comprising contacting 1,1,1-trifluorotrichloroethane with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium to produce a product mixture comprising 1316mxx, recovering said 1316mxx as a mixture of Z- and E-isomers, contacting said 1316mxx with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of copper on carbon, nickel on carbon, copper and nickel on carbon and copper and palladium on carbon, to produce a second product mixture, comprising E- or Z-CFC-1326mxz, and subjecting said second product mixture to a separation step to provide E- or Z-1326mxz.

Abstract: A composition, consisting essentially of copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand comprising at least one group-V donor. The molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.

Abstract: Convert dichloroisopropyl ether into a halogenated derivative by contacting the dichloroisopropyl ether with a source of hydrogen and a select heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst under process conditions selected from a combination of a temperature within a range of from 50 degrees centigrade (° C.) to 350° C., a pressure within a range of from atmospheric pressure (0.1 megapascals) to 1000 pounds per square inch (6.9 MPa), a liquid feed volume flow to catalyst mass ratio between 0.5 and 10 L/Kg*h and a volume hydrogen/volume liquid ratio between 100 and 5000 ml gas/ml liquid. The halogenated derivative is at least one of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 1,2-dichloropropane 1, and glycerin monochlorohydrin.

Abstract: Object: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing, with a high yield, a fluorinated organic compound, the fluorinated organic compound having not been produced with a sufficient yield by a conventional method for producing a fluorinated organic compound using a fluorinating agent containing IF5-pyridine-HF alone. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorinating reagent. Means for achieving the object: A method for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound by bringing the organic compound into contact with (1) IF5-pyridine-HF and (2) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of amine hydrogen fluorides, XaF (wherein Xa represents hydrogen, potassium, sodium, or lithium), oxidizers, and reducing agents.

Abstract: To provide a method for stably storing tetrafluoropropene filled in a container for e.g. storage or transportation, without occurrence of reaction such as polymerization. A method for storing tetrafluoropropene in a gaseous-liquid state composed of a gas phase and a liquid phase in a closed container, wherein the oxygen concentration (content) in the above gas phase is adjusted to at least 3 vol ppm and less than 3,000 vol ppm at a temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting a precatalyst complex to an active catalyst complex, wherein the precatalyst complex and the active catalyst complex comprise a ruthenium atom and an optically active ligand that is insoluble in water, and the active catalyst complex furthermore comprises a monohydride and a water molecule. The method comprises the steps of providing water as an activation solvent system with a pH value equal or below 2, and solving said precatalyst complex, an acid, and hydrogen therein. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a catalyst composition, a method for hydrogenating a substrate molecule and a reaction mixture.

Abstract: Provided are a method of and a device for purifying isopropyl alcohol. Water may be effectively removed from a feed including water and isopropyl alcohol while consuming a minimum amount of energy, and therefore, a high-purity isopropyl alcohol may be obtained.

Abstract: Compounds which allosterically modulate and/or inhibit factor XIa activity are provided, as are methods of their use. These compounds include i) sulfated gallolyl glucosides, ii) sulfated quinazolinones, and iii) sulfated inositol analogs. The compounds used as anticoagulant agents.

Abstract: A process separates pure components from a product mixture produced by a one-step dimethyl ether synthesis reactor. The product mixture is scrubbed with pure dimethyl ether followed by scrubbing with aqueous methanol solvent in two absorption columns to reduce CO2 level and to minimize methanol and dimethyl ether loss with the recovered unconverted synthetic gas. The pure water or aqueous methanol is mixed with the vapor stream of CO2 separation distillation. Dimethyl ether, methanol and water mixture are separated. A scheme for separation of methanol and water mixture minimizes the size, energy and cost of separation. The process can be cost-effective, energy-efficient, environment-friendly and readily-miniaturized.

Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein an alkene and carbon dioxide are reacted in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and in the presence of a specific aryloxide to obtain the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex. The process allows for efficient preparation of ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene.

Abstract: A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid of the present invention is capable of suppressing the generation of by-products such as acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide due to pyrolysis of a lactic acid species during vaporization. Furthermore, a lactic acid oligomer generated can be effectively used without loss, and a vapor composition containing lactic acid can be industrially efficiently produced stably for a long time. The present invention relates to a method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid including: feeding a liquid composition containing lactic acid to a vaporizer; mixing the liquid composition with a liquid composition containing a lactic acid oligomer contained in the vaporizer to prepare a liquid mixture; and heating the liquid mixture to vaporize part of the liquid mixture, whereby a vapor composition containing lactic acid is produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for the preparation of ingenol-3-mebutate by reaction, in solution, of ingenol or ingenol anion and angelic anhydride or an equivalent angelylating agent. The continuous flow process is preferably performed in the presence of a base such as lithium hexamethyl disilazane (LiHMDS) and/or an activating agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Also disclosed is a process for recycling the other reaction products obtained in the continuous process for preparation of ingenol-3-mebutate for formation of ingenol, which can then be recycled to form ingenol-3-mebutate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are drug release polymer compounds and compositions comprising prostacyclin compounds of Formula (I), and methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A compound having a group represented by formula (Ia): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a C1 to C8 fluorinated alkyl group, ring W represents a C5 to C18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, and * represents a binding site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use as fragrance materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a halogenated aniline represented by formula (I) (wherein each of X1 and X2 independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom), a method for producing the halogenated aniline, and other aspects.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-substituted-1,4-benzenediamines, a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, or mixture thereof. The process according to the present invention is a particularly cost effective process in that it avoids sophisticated chemical steps which requires special equipment or expensive catalysts and in that it comprises a recycling step of one of the starting materials, namely the 2-substituted aniline.