Abstract: A photoalignment agent includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m—, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format. A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m-, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyimide precursor comprising a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1): wherein A is a tetravalent group having at least one aliphatic six membered ring and no aromatic ring in the chemical structure, and B is a divalent group having at least one amide bond and an aromatic ring in the chemical structure; or A is an aliphatic tetravalent group and B is a divalent group having at least one chemical structure represented by the following chemical formula (2) in the chemical structure: and X1 and X2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1-6 alkyl group or a C3-9 alkylsilyl group.

Abstract: A method for forming an inorganic passivation material is provided. The method includes mixing about 5 to 80 parts by weight of trialkoxysilane, about 10 to 80 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane, and about 1 to 30 parts by weight of catalyst to perform a reaction at pH of about 0.05 to 4 to form an inorganic resin material. The inorganic resin material is modified by phosphate ester to form an inorganic passivation material, wherein phosphate ester is about 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inorganic resin material. An inorganic passivation material and a passivation protective film produced therefrom are also provided.

Abstract: Polymeric BODIPY dyes including light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophores are provided. In some embodiments, the dyes are polymeric tandem dyes that include a light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophore and an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. The polymeric tandem dyes may be covalently linked to a specific binding member. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the polymeric tandem dyes. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: Anti-blocking compositions are disclosed that include a wax or mixture of waxes effective to reduce, retard or prevent blocking of a viscoelastic solid when applied to the surface of such a solid. Also disclosed are methods of reducing, retarding or preventing blocking of a viscoelastic solid, and the products of those methods which are viscoelastic solids resistant to blocking.

Abstract: Disclosed are a continuous manufacturing process for a rubber masterbatch and a rubber masterbatch prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A novel method of fabricating carbon nanotube sheet scrolled fiber and fiber tows (carbon, graphite, glass, natural polymer, synthetic polymer, metallic, silicon carbide, Kevlar, etc.) in composites with improved interfacial shear strength, compressive strength, yield strength, stiffness and toughness has been reported. Single or multiple layers of carbon nanotube sheet, with a bias/wrapping angle of 0° and 90°, has been scrolled around single fiber and fibers tows to improve the above mentioned mechanical properties of the matrix surrounding the fiber. Other common methods of growing CNTs directly on the fibers actually damage the fiber surface during the required precursor deposition and CNTs growth process. This demonstrated solid-state method overcomes such known problems. The CNTs sheet scrolled fiber is embedded into the polymer matrix exhibits significant (80%) increase in interfacial shear strength, compressive strength and toughness.

Abstract: A composition for forming a protective film that is placed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an electrical storage device, includes polymer particles (A1), polymer particles (A2), and a liquid medium, the polymer particles (A1) including a repeating unit derived from a compound that includes two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in an amount of less than 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer particles (A1), and the polymer particles (A2) including a repeating unit derived from a compound that includes two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in an amount of 20 to 100 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer particles (A2).

Abstract: The present invention realizes a polymer substrate with hard coating layer comprising a high level of environmental resistance and a high level of abrasion resistance. A polymer substrate with hard coating layer is provided that comprises a polymer substrate (60) having a thickness of 1 mm to 20 mm and a hard coating layer (70,80) on the surface thereof. Here, in this polymer substrate with hard coating layer, the hard coating layer (70,80) is laminated on the surface of the polymer substrate, contains as a main component thereof a hydrolysis-condensation product of an organic silicon compound, has a thickness of 0.1 ?m to 20 ?m, makes direct contact with a cured underlayer on the opposite side of the polymer substrate, is formed from an organic silicon compound by PE-CVD, and satisfies all of the following requirements (a) to (c): (a) film thickness of the silicon oxide layer is within the range of 3.5 ?m to 9.

Abstract: A method of modifying substrate surface includes: performing an O2 plasma treatment on a substrate including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); coating hydrophilic UV curing coating uniformly on the substrate; disposing the substrate into an oxygen-free environment; and exposing to an UV light to cure the hydrophilic UV curing coating. The method of modifying substrate surface may greatly enhance the hydrophilicity and the stability of the PDMS substrate.

Abstract: A fire retardant molding contains a thermoplastic compound and an inorganic flameproof agent that is mixed with the thermoplastic compound and which acts by separating from water, having a proportion in the range of 10 wt % to 90 wt %. The fire retardant molding is produced by mixing the thermoplastic material with an inorganic flame-proofing agent, the flame-proofing agent having a proportion in the range of 20 wt % to 80 wt %, and by outputting the compound obtained by mixing, in particular as a flat product. The fire retardant molding is advantageously used, for example, in or on land-based vehicles, water-based vehicles, aircraft and buildings.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin composition with excellent thermal stability and a molded body thereof. The present invention relates to a resin composition for molding, including a chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin, a thermal stabilizer, and a polyalcohol and/or a partial ester of a polyalcohol. The chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin has a chlorine content of 65% by weight or more and less than 72% by weight. The chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin has, based on the total number of moles of a structural unit (a) —CCl2—, a structural unit (b) —CHCl—, and a structural unit (c) —CH2—, a proportion of the structural unit (a) of 17.5 mol % or less, a proportion of the structural unit (b) of 46.0 mol % or more, and a proportion of the structural unit (c) of 37.0 mol % or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing polyarylethersulfone-polyalkylene oxide block copolymers (PPC) comprising the polycondensation of a reaction mixture (RG) comprising the components: (A1) at least one aromatic dihalogen compound, (B1) at least one aromatic dihydroxyl compound, (B2) at least one polyalkylene oxide having at least two hydroxyl groups, (C) at least one aprotic polar solvent and (D) at least one metal carbonate, where the reaction mixture (RG) does not comprise any substance which forms an azeotrope with water.

Abstract: Method of making a composite material by paste polymerization, by forming an emulsion of at least one polymerizable monomer in an aqueous material, polymerizing the emulsion to provide a latex containing particles of polymer, in which the polymer has a glass transition temperature above 65° C., adding nanoparticles to the latex, the nanoparticles having at least one dimension in the range 0.5 to 200 nm, and spray-drying the latex. The at least one polymerizable monomer contains vinyl chloride.

Abstract: A high-transparent, thermoplastically processable polymer composition is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the polymer composition includes an acrylate organic polymer. The acrylate organic polymer is a copolymer that can include functional groups of hydrocarbon group up to nine carbon atoms, hydroalkyl group, halogenated hydrocarbon groups, aminoalkyl group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, and/or a combination thereof. The polymer composition may further include a polysilicon compound, polycarbonate polymer, a polyvinyl polymer, a plasticizer, and/or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Plasticizer blends comprise a triblend of diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, and 1,2-propylene glycol dibenzoate, in specified ratios, useful in combination with a multitude of thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, and elastomeric polymers and numerous applications, including but not limited to plastisols, adhesives, sealants, caulks, architectural coatings, industrial coatings, OEM coatings, inks, overprint varnishes, polishes, and the like. The advantages rendered by the use of the triblend depend on the type of polymer and application in which it is utilized and include among other advantages higher solvating power and lower processing time, low VOC's, reduced plasticizer freeze point, improved gelation and fusion characteristics, higher tensile strength, superior stain and extraction resistance, and improved rheology over traditional diblends of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Abstract: A composition comprising: A. 91.5 to 97.9% of a crosslinkable ethylene-based polymer, e.g., LDPE; B. 1 to 3% of an organic peroxide, e.g., dicumyl peroxide; C. 1 to 5% of a dielectric fluid, e.g., an alkylated naphthalene; and D. 0.1 to 0.5% of a coagent such as AMSD. The compositions exhibit high cure rates without any significant reduction in scorch resistance, heat ageing and electrical performance, and are particularly useful as insulation sheaths for medium and high voltage power cables.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are vulcanizable and vulcanized rubber compositions comprising a conjugated diene polymer or copolymer, silica, and a substituted imidazole-based silica shielding agent of Formula (I), and methods for preparing such rubber compositions. Also disclosed herein are tire components, such as tire treads, containing the rubber compositions disclosed herein.

Abstract: Flame retardant polymer compositions comprising certain polymers, a flame retardant material obtained by heating certain phosphonic acid salts at temperatures over 200° C. and certain clays or metal compounds such as select metal borates, oxides, hydroxides, oxide hydroxides etc., are readily processed at elevated temperatures and under high stress conditions whereas similar compositions without the clays or metal compounds of the invention are prone to decomposition. For example, polyamide compositions comprising the flame retardant material obtained by heating certain phosphonic acid salts at temperatures over 200° C., hydrotalcite clays, and/or borates, oxides, hydroxides, oxide hydroxides of zinc or calcium, are highly stable to thermal processing under strenuous conditions such as high temperature extrusion.

Abstract: A methodology for producing modified nanoclays which, when added to an elastomer, provide elastomeric nanocomposites with improved ageing, rheological and mechanical properties, and which can be devoid of, or containing low amount of, a filler such as carbon black, is provided. The modified nanoclays are made of a nanoclay, such as an organomodified nanoclay, modified so as to be in association with an amine-containing antioxidant and optionally also with a silyl-containing compound, such as mercaptosiloxane. Also provided are processes of preparing the modified nanoclays, elastomeric composites containing same and articles containing the elastomeric composites.

Abstract: A silica-containing rubber mixture includes at least one rubber, a sulphur-containing alkoxysilane, a crosslinking agent, a filler, and optionally further rubber auxiliaries, and the mixture also includes from 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of rubber used, of a silicon-free polysulphide additive of the formula (I) A-S—(S)x—S—Y—S—(S)x—S-A??(I) where x is 0, 1 or 2, Y is an optionally substituted or heteroatom-containing aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group, and A may include hydroxy, carboxy, or carboxyphenyl groups.

Abstract: Methods for the production of a biodegradable plastics material obtained from plant waste materials are provided which include the steps of dissolving plant waste material in an anhydrous solvent which includes anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid in order to dissolve a cellulose fraction of the material, the waste material being at least partly dehydrated in such a way that its water content is not likely to cause hydrolysis of the cellulose fraction, and removing the solvent from the solution containing the non-hydrolyzed cellulose fraction.

Abstract: Described is the use of soluble indigestible fiber for inducing lysis of the cell walls of eukaryotic microalgae in the lumen of the intestine of an omnivorous or carnivorous animal including an intestinal flora and also for synergistically increasing the effect of the indigestible fiber in the induction of the growth of the intestinal flora of an omnivorous or carnivorous animal. The subject matter of the invention is also the composition intended for this use and for a method of improving the health or of food supplementation.

Abstract: The invention concerns the combined use, in an elastomer composition preferably comprising an isoprene elastomer, a precipitated silica containing titanium and a specific conjugated diene compound, such as a conjugated diene phosphonate or phosphinate compound. It also concerns the elastomer compositions obtained and the items produced from said compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an NdBR wet masterbatch comprising —neodymium-catalyzed polybutadienes having a high proportion of cis-1,4 units of >95% and a low proportion of 1,2-vinyl content of <1%, with narrow polydispersity of less than 3, with a Mooney viscosity (ML1+4 100° C.) between 30 and 90 MU, with a high linearity index (ratio of solution viscosity to Mooney viscosity) of 3 to 10 m Pas/MU and with a Mooney relaxation after 30 seconds of 2 to 12%, the latter being prepared by means of solution polymerization, —at least one carbon black, the carbon black having an iodine absorption number (ION) between 85 and 210 mg/g, measured to ASTM D1510-1304, and an oil absorption number (OAN) between 75 and 150 ml/100 g, measured to ASTM D2414, and —an oil.

Abstract: A rubber mixture and a pneumatic vehicle tire having a rubber mixture containing the following constituents: 15 to 55 phr of at least one natural polyisoprene and/or 15 to 55 phr of at least one synthetic polyisoprene and 15 to 85 phr of at least one polybutadiene and 25 to 55 phr of at least one carbon black and 1 to 10 phr of at least one ozone protection wax, wherein the ozone protection wax contains unbranched hydrocarbons having the following chain length distribution consisting of at least the three ranges A, B and C: range A: hydrocarbons having 26 to 31 carbon atoms, range B: hydrocarbons having 32 to 36 carbon atoms, range C: hydrocarbons having 37 to 47 carbon atoms, wherein the relative proportions of the ranges A to B to C are (0.7-1.5) to 1 to (0.6 - 1.4).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solid curable transparent rubber composition containing one or more synthetic isoprene polymer, one or more transparent polymer, one or more curing agent, additives that do not influence transparency and one or more polyalkenamers. The solid curable transparent rubber composition, once cured, has a haze of less than 30% and a total light transmission of more than 80%. The disclosure further provides a cured transparent rubber composition made thereof, and a manufacturing process for the cured composition. The present disclosure also provides an article including the rubber composition, in particular shoes with transparent soles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for preparing a cured transparent rubber composition containing a synthetic isoprene polymer(s), a transparent polymer(s), a curing agent and additives. The process includes mixing the components at a temperature ranging from 50 to 130° C., curing the compound with peroxide and allowing the compound to mature. The maturated compound is fed to an injection molding machine. The cured transparent rubber composition prepared using the methods described herein has a haze of less than 30% and a total light transmission of more than 80%. The disclosure further provides an article including the cured transparent rubber composition, in particular for medical applications and artificial nipples.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) from about 50 to about 100 phr of a first polybutadiene rubber comprising from 65 to 95 percent of repeat units derived from butadiene in cis-1,4 insertion, 4 to 30 percent by weight of repeat units derived from butadiene in vinyl-1,2 insertion, and less than or equal to 5 percent by weight of repeat units derived from butadiene in trans-1,4 insertion, ?80 to ?105° C.; (B) up to 50 phr of at least one rubber selected from the group consisting of a second polybutadiene having a cis-1,4 content greater than 95 percent and a Tg ranging from ?80 to ?110° C., natural rubber, and synthetic polyisoprene having a cis-1,4 content greater than 95 percent by weight and a Tg ranging from ?50 to ?80° C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising: (A) a diene based elastomer, (B) from 50 to 150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), of silica; (C) from 0.15 to 0.45 phr of a polymeric amine comprising a primary amine functionality; and (D) from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight, per 1 part by weight of the polymeric amine, of an aromatic carboxylic acid or aromatic acid anhydride.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.

Abstract: A dual reactor solution process gives high density polyethylene compositions containing a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer and which have good processability and ESCR properties. The polyethylene compositions are suitable for compression molding or injection molding applications and are particularly useful in the manufacture of caps and closures for bottles or containers.

Abstract: A polypropylene resin composition, particularly, an olefin-based polypropylene resin composition includes: about 50 to 70% by weight of a high crystalline polypropylene; about 10 to 20% by weight of a reactor made thermoplastic polyolefin (RTPO) polypropylene; about 5 to 20% by weight of an inorganic filler; about 10 to 20% by weight of a rubber elastomer; and about 3% by weight or less of a slip agent, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition provides excellent physical properties such as high strength and impact resistance, and thus superior resistance to damage, and shows low gloss characteristics and excellent fluidity. The polypropylene resin composition is used as interior and exterior materials for vehicles.

Abstract: A formulation of material includes a polymeric material, a nucleating agent, and a surface active agent. The formulation of material may be polymeric materials that relate morphology and crystalline structure of cellular polymeric material that may be used to form usable articles, such as an insulated container useful for containing food or liquid.

Abstract: A soft touch composition comprises, based on the total weight of the composition, 50 to 88 wt % of a polymer comprising, based on the total weight of the polymer, 44 to 52 wt % of a polypropylene homopolymer, 3 to 30 wt % of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, and 22 to 52 wt % of an ethylene-C4 to C8 alpha olefin copolymer, and 10 to 40 wt % of glass fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low density polypropylene compositions for the production of molded articles, such as finished parts for the automotive industry.

Abstract: Swellable elastomeric compositions including an elastomer, a covalent crosslinking system and an ionic crosslinking system, where the composition have improved rate of swelling in water, brines and aqueous solutions, swellability, and/or physical properties of the compositions.

Abstract: A composition comprising: a polyvinyl chloride resin; a first rubber component; a second rubber component; at least one copolymer; at least one low temperature plasticizer; at least one filler comprising calcium carbonate; at least one heat stabilizer; at least one internal lubricant; at least one antioxidant; and at least one biofouling agent.

Abstract: A composition comprising: a polyvinyl chloride resin; a first rubber component; a second rubber component; at least one copolymer; at least one low temperature plasticizer; at least one filler comprising titanium dioxide; at least one heat stabilizer; at least one internal lubricant; at least one antioxidant; and at least one biofouling agent.

Abstract: A composition comprising: a polyvinyl chloride resin; a first rubber component; a second rubber component; at least one copolymer; at least one low temperature plasticizer; at least one filler comprising antimony trioxide; at least one heat stabilizer; at least one internal lubricant; at least one antioxidant; and at least one biofouling agent.

Abstract: Resin compositions, layers, and interlayers comprising a poly(vinyl acetal) resin that includes residues of an aldehyde other than n-butyraldehyde are provided. Such compositions, layers, and interlayers can exhibit enhanced or optimized properties as compared to those formulated with comparable poly(vinyl n-butyral) resins.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic resin powder that suppresses a decrease in fluidity of a composition during melt molding and that has a suppressed alteration of the resin resulting from retention. The thermoplastic resin powder is obtained by coagulating a polymer from a latex produced by means of emulsion polymerization of a monomer, the content of metal-corroding free acids in the thermoplastic resin powder is no greater than 500 ppm, and the thermoplastic resin powder satisfies a predetermined formula (1).

Abstract: An automotive interior part includes a thermoplastic resin composition containing a prescribed acetone insoluble fraction (A) and a prescribed acetone soluble fraction (B), in which a content of the acetone insoluble fraction (A) is 5 to 18% by mass based on 100% by mass of a sum of the acetone insoluble fraction (A) and the acetone soluble fraction (B).

Abstract: A process for producing an aqueous dispersion of at least two preformed polymers each at least partially modified by grafted addition polymers produced in a solution of the polymers, comprising the steps of i) providing a solution in organic carrier liquid of a first preformed polymer, consisting of diepoxy resin, and at least one other preformed polymer excluding polyesters ii) mixing the solution containing the polymers with ethylenically unsaturated monomers, said monomers comprising an effective amount of copolymerizable dispersing moiety iii) providing an effective amount of a grafting polymerization initiator iv) allowing or causing the monomers to polymerize and graft to at least some of the preformed polymers to form a solution of modified polymers v) optionally adding crosslinking agent to solution iv) vi) dispersing the solution of modified polymers, and optionally crosslinking agent, in aqueous medium to form a stable dispersion of particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxygen-absorbing resin composition having a satisfactory oxygen absorption performance and suppressing the occurrence of odor after oxygen absorption, even in an aspect substantially containing no photoinitiator, and an oxygen-absorbing multilayer body using the oxygen-absorbing resin composition. An oxygen-absorbing resin composition initiating oxygen absorption by irradiation with an energy ray, the composition including an easily oxidizable thermoplastic resin and a transition metal catalyst, and wherein the easily oxidizable thermoplastic resin includes a polybutadiene (X) and a resin (Y) having carbon-carbon double bonds and the constitutional unit of the following general formula (1): (wherein R1 to R7 each represent —H, —CH3, —CH2R, —CHR2, —CR3, —OR, —COOR, —SiR3, —O—SiR3, —COCl or a halogen atom, and may be the same as each other or different from each other, and R represents a linear or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated alkenyl or aryl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides shelf stable redispersible multilayer polymer particles (RDPs) comprising a major proportion of epoxy resins, a methacrylic acid or anhydride containing alkali soluble polymer outer layer and a hydrophobic chain transfer agent or a high glass transition temperature colloidal stabilizer, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone) or its copolymer, as well as to methods of making the same.

Abstract: An acoustic stack is described, where the acoustic stack comprises a plurality of acoustic stack components, which are laminated with an accelerated cure adhesive, which comprises an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin comprises one or more modified epoxy resins, which are selected from a group consisting of epoxy phenol novolac, bisphenol A, and bisphenol F. Further described is a method for producing an acoustic stack. The method comprises providing a plurality of acoustic stack components and dispensing an accelerated cure adhesive to the acoustic stack components. The accelerated cure adhesive dispensed on, to, and/or in the acoustic stack components includes an epoxy resin, which comprises at least one modified epoxy resin selected from a group consisting of epoxy phenol novolac, bisphenol A, and bisphenol F. After the accelerated cure adhesive is dispensed to the acoustic stack components, the accelerated cure adhesive is cured.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition includes a base resin including (A1) polycarbonate resin, (A2) polyester resin, and (A3) a vinyl cyanide compound-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer; (B) an impact reinforcing agent; and (C) a filler, wherein the (B) impact reinforcing agent has a core-shell structure including a rubbery polymer selected from the group consisting of a diene rubber, an acrylic rubber, a silicone rubber, and combinations thereof. A molded part for an automobile exterior can be made using the thermoplastic resin composition.

Abstract: A composition includes at least one poly(aliphatic ester)-polycarbonate copolymer, a polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer, non-bonding glass fibers, and titanium dioxide. The composition exhibits excellent impact properties and an ultra-white color.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a covalently crosslinked hydrogel comprising the strain-promoted reaction product of an 8-member cycloalkyne functionalized polyalkylene glycol and a multi-arm glycerol exytholate triazide and methods for making them. Because the precursor materials can be manipulated without causing crosslinking, provided the strain threshold is not reached, these hydrogels permit mechanical control over when (and where) cross linking occurs and are easier to use than prior strain-activated or temperature-activated systems. These novel hydrogels do not require a catalyst to cross link, thus avoiding the biocompatibility problems common to many catalysts. Nor is the crosslinking process affected by the presence of catalysts or other substances, which have interfered with crosslinking in known strain induced hydrogels.