Abstract: A hanging file system having a container with a wall structure extending around a file storage space and first and second substantially parallel rails. The rails are configured to operatively support a first file folder having spaced hanging components that cooperate with the first and second rails to guide movement of the first file holder in a first predetermined translatory path. Third and fourth rails operatively support a second file folder having spaced hanging components that cooperate with the third and fourth rails to guide movement of the second file folder in a second predetermined translatory path. The first and second translatory paths extend respectively along first and second lines that are angled with respect to each other.

Abstract: The present invention conveniently and practically addresses a significant need. The invention provides pens that are clearly labeled with a phrase to indicate that the pens contain GMP-compliant indelible ink. In one aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for writing, comprising: (i) indelible ink; (ii) a construction suitable for containing the indelible ink; and (iii) a text-based label on an outer surface of the construction, wherein the label comprises a word or phrase intended to validate the apparatus for GMP compliance, FDA compliance, and/or EMEA compliance. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for providing a writing procedure that is GMP-compliant, FDA-compliant, and/or EMEA-compliant. In yet another aspect, the invention describes a method for labeling a pen containing indelible ink.

Abstract: A system is provided enabling do it yourself body stenciling and/or body art. In particular, the system of the invention provides a body tight removable mask that masks an area of the body for body painting. The mask is sized to fit a particular portion of the torso or an appendage of a subject individual, and masks a standard area to enable an unskilled artist to paint a portion of the subject individual. The stencil can mask a logo of a sports team or other form such as a swimsuit form on a wrist or ankle or upper torso, forehead, or a bathing suit area of the subject individual. The system optionally includes adhesive, Velcro, or other interlocking overlapping portions enabling easy removal of the stencil without disturbing the freshly painted area. In its simplest form, the stencil is a mask of the thighs, and the waste, the lower chest area and upper chest area, for example, with a preferably elastic mask panel that can be easily removed once the basic painting is complete.

Abstract: A decorative fabric is disclosed having a plurality of tiles attached to a fabric. The tiles are spaced in relation to each other such as to allow the fabric to be flexible by being bent in any given direction. In one preferred embodiment the plurality of tiles are each a one inch by one inch square and are spaced one eighth of an inch apart from each other when attached to the fabric thereby allowing the fabric to bend and be flexible.

Abstract: A method for traversing a magnetically inducible surface using a multidirectional wheel is provided. The method includes providing a vehicle having the multidirectional wheel, rotating a hub of the wheel along a first axial direction of rotation, continuing rotation of the hub of the wheel so as to cause a first roller disposed about a periphery of the hub to move out of contact with a first portion of the magnetically inducible surface and to cause a second roller disposed about the periphery of the hub in a plurality of rollers to contact a second portion of the magnetically inducible surface, wherein at least one roller among the plurality of rollers is in contact with the magnetically inducible surface throughout rotation of the wheel, and wherein the flux of the at least one magnet is concentrated toward portions of the surface being traversed adjacent to one or more of the plurality of rollers throughout rotation of the wheel.

Abstract: A wheel rim retainer includes an annular unit, a first end connecting member movably coupled at one end of the annular unit, and a second end connecting member movably coupled at an opposed end of the annular unit. The annular unit includes a plurality of hinged members movably coupled with each other in an edge-to-edge manner, wherein each of the hinged members has a width larger than a width of the wheel well. The second end connecting member is detachably coupled with the first end connecting member for encircling the hinged members around a hub surface of a wheel rim to cover a wheel well thereof so as to prevent a bead of a tire falling at the wheel rim when the tire is deflated.

Abstract: A variable track wheel comprises a rim suitable for receiving a tire, and a disc through which said wheel is mountable on a hub, said disc being removably secured by fastenings to a connecting member provided in said rim, said connecting member projecting towards a rotation axis of said wheel, said wheel further comprising a plurality of spacers interposed between an annular perimeter zone of said disc and said connecting member of said rim, said disc and said rim being mountable in a plurality of reciprocal axial positions and in a plurality of reciprocal orientations to obtain a variation in the track of said wheel, said wheel further comprising at least one centering device for mutual positioning of said disc and of said rim said centering device comprising a hole and a pin said hole or said pin being provided in said connecting member or in said disc said centering device further comprising a coupling element so conformed as to cooperate with said hole and with said pin for reciprocally coupling said pin

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor vehicle trailer with at least one rigid axle with at least one tubular element. The motor vehicle trailer is characterized in that the tubular element has a yield strength Rp0.2 of at least 600 MPa, a tensile strength Rm of at least 850 MPa, a breaking elongation A5 of at least 14% and the tubular element (10) consists of an air-hardening, mainly bainitic material. In addition, a chassis axle as well as the use of a material for a chassis axle is disclosed.

Abstract: A wheel assembly includes a rigid wheel and an airless flexible tire with certain performance characteristics of a pneumatic tire. The rigid wheel includes a central portion and a plurality of circumferentially spaced mounting elements removably attached to a radially outer margin of the central portion. The tire is mounted on the wheel and engages the mounting elements such that portions of the tire not engaging the mounting elements are separated radially from the wheel by a space. The tire is configured such that portions of the tire not engaging the mounting elements flex inwardly toward the wheel when subject to ground engaging pressure, thereby minimizing ground penetration and soil disruption. The tire may include one or more tension elements embedded in the tire to increase the tire's strength and resilience.

Abstract: A shear band and a non-pneumatic tire is described which includes a ground contacting annular tread portion; a shear band, and a connecting web positioned between a hub and the shear band. The shear band is preferably comprised of a three-dimensional spacer fabric having a first and second layer connected by connecting members. The three-dimensional spacer fabric has a defined depth. The three-dimensional spacer structure further includes a plurality of cells formed between the connecting members, and wherein one or more of the cells are filled with a filler material. The filler material may be foam or a thermoplastic elastomer.

Abstract: A non-pneumatic tire is described that includes a ground contacting annular tread portion, a shear band, wherein the shear band is formed of a first and second inextensible layer, and a low modulus material positioned between the first and second inextensible layer. The non-pneumatic tire further includes a connecting web positioned between a hub and the shear band, wherein the connecting web is formed of one or more spokes extending from an inner ring to an outer ring, wherein the one or more spokes are formed from a material reinforced with a three dimensional spacer structure.

Abstract: A shear band comprising a three-dimensional spacer structure, wherein the three-dimensional spacer structure is formed from a first and second layer of material, each layer of material having first reinforcement members which extend in a first and direction, and second reinforcement members which extend in a second direction, wherein each layer of material is connected to each other by a plurality of connecting reinforcement members which extend in a third direction, wherein the shear band further comprises a first membrane layer located radially outward of the three-dimensional spacer structure. The invention further comprises a non-pneumatic tire which includes the above described shear band.

Abstract: A non-pneumatic tire which includes a ground contacting annular tread portion; a shear band, and a connecting web positioned between a hub and the shear band. The shear band is preferably comprised of a three dimensional spacer fabric having a first and second layer, wherein the first and second layers have reinforcing members which are inextensible.

Abstract: A multiple layer foam insert replacement for a pneumatic inner tube for a tire. The multiple layer foam insert emulates the effect of air pressure, across a range of pressures, while still approaching the weight of the air filled tube. Through the use of different density materials and the orientation and thickness of such materials, the desirable characteristics of the pneumatic tube structure and performance can be emulated to a high degree. This multiple layer foam insert can be produced in varying levels of quality and function through the method of extrusion of foam materials in different sizes and layering.

Abstract: In a tire 2 according to the present invention, belt cords 42 included in a belt 22 each include a twisted string obtained by twisting together four filaments 46. Each belt cord 42 has an elliptical cross-section. On the cross-section, the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis is greater than or equal to 0.67 and not greater than 0.94. A first filament 46a and a third filament 46c are disposed along the minor axis. The first filament 46a and the third filament 46c are each in contact with a second filament 46b and a fourth filament 46d, or the first filament 46a is in contact with the third filament 46c.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire of this disclosure includes on a tread surface four or five circumferential grooves, and includes a pair of shoulder land portions, a pair of intermediate land portions, and one or a pair of central land portions partitioned thereon, wherein: in a tread widthwise cross sectional view at an unloaded condition when the tire is mounted to an applicable rim and applied with a prescribed internal pressure, when drawing a virtual arc R1 protruding to a tire radial outer side, of which a center of curvature is located on a tire equatorial plain, across four tread widthwise edges adjacent to the circumferential grooves of outlines of the pair of intermediate land portions, a correlation among each protrusion amount t1, t2 and t3 of outlines of the central land portions, the intermediate land portions and the shoulder land portions from the virtual arc R1 satisfies: t1<t2, and t3<t2.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire of this disclosure comprises on a tread surface one or more land portions, wherein the land portions is formed into a protruding shape such that its tire radial outline in a tire widthwise cross section protrudes to a tire radial outer side, the outline includes, in the tire widthwise cross section, at least a first arcuate surface having a radius of curvature of a tire widthwise center of the land portion, and second arcuate surfaces having radiuses of curvature smaller than the first arcuate surface and located on both tire widthwise edges of the land portion, sipes extending in the tire width direction are formed on the land portions formed into the protruding shape, the sipes have chamfer portions, and the chamfer portions have chamfer widths on at least one of both tire widthwise edges larger than chamfer widths on the tire widthwise center.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire 1 comprises a tread portion. The tread portion 2 is provided with a plurality of oblique main grooves 3 and oblique land regions 4. The oblique land regions 4 each divided by a first vertical groove 6 into a shoulder block 10 and a middle block 11 disposed axially inside thereof. The shoulder block is provided with a plurality of transverse sipes 15 whose angles with respect to the tire axial direction are less than 45 degrees. The middle block 11 is provided with a plurality of vertical sipes 16 whose angles with respect to the tire circumferential direction is less than 45 degrees.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes, in a tread, a plurality of blocks divided by grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction and grooves extending in a tire width direction, and a plurality of sipes and a stud pin hole disposed in the blocks. In such a tire, at least a portion of the sipes provided in a peripheral area of the stud pin hole comprises a raised bottom portion.

Abstract: In a tire 2, on a cross-section, three or more rows in each of which cross-sections 30 of a wire are aligned almost in the axial direction, are layered in the radial direction. The cross-sections 30 of the wire in a first row disposed on an innermost side in the radial direction and the cross-sections 30 of the wire in a second row layered outward of the first row are staggered. On a cross-section obtained by the tire 2 being cut at a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction, an outline of a heel surface 36 of a bead 8 portion has an arc C that projects toward an outside of the bead 8 portion. A radius R of curvature of the arc C is greater than or equal to 8 mm and not greater than 12 mm.

Abstract: Resistance to unseating of a passenger is achieved by a tire comprising a bead having an axial width at the seat D comprising a circumferential reinforcing element (22) of which the radially innermost point (222) is at a radial distance Z and at an axial distance Y from the radially innermost point (211) of the bead, and such that Y/D is at least equal to 0.5 and Z/D is at most equal to 0.4. The end of the carcass reinforcement (311) is situated radially on the outside of the radially outermost point (223) of the circumferential reinforcing element. This same bead comprises at least one bead layer (23) surrounding the bead filler rubber (21) and such that its axially outermost end (231) is radially on the outside of the end (311) and such that its axially innermost end (232) is at least radially on the outside of the point (222).

Abstract: The run-flat tire of this disclosure includes a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, bead portions, side reinforcing rubbers with crescent-like cross section, and a carcass formed of plies of radially arranged cords, wherein: when the tire is mounted to a rim, and an internal pressure of 250 kPa or more is applied to the tire, in a case where a sectional width SW of the tire is less than 165 mm, a ratio of the sectional width SW to an outer diameter OD of the tire, SW/OD, is 0.26 or less; in a case where the sectional width SW of the tire is 165 mm or more, the sectional width SW and the outer diameter OD of the tire satisfy a relation expression OD?2.135×SW+282.3 (mm); and the relation expression 0.5?WG/WB?0.8 is satisfied.

Abstract: An apparatus for noise reduction of a tire reduces noise within a particular frequency range generated in the tire during operation of a vehicle. The apparatus includes a housing mounted on a wheel rim, the tire being fitted over the wheel rim, and the housing having an inner space; a resonant cover provided in the inner space of the housing; and a resonance hole formed in the resonant cover to allow the inner space of the housing and an inside of the tire to communicate with each other so that the resonant cover controls pulsation via air entering and exiting through the resonance hole.

Abstract: Provided is a parking assistance device using a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), which accurately calculates a moving distance of a vehicle by reflecting a tire pressure received from the TPMS and performs parking control in response to a parking command generated by using a parking route and a position of the vehicle estimated by the calculated moving distance of the vehicle, thereby improving automatic parking performance of the vehicle to a parking space. The parking assistance device calculates a moving distance of a vehicle moving to a found parking space around the vehicle according to a tire pressure of the vehicle, estimates a position of the vehicle by using the calculated moving distance, and generates a parking command.

Abstract: A carrier module of a tire pressure monitoring device includes a plastic carrier and a metallic tube. The plastic carrier has a trough and a tube extended from a bottom portion of the trough. The trough has an airflow channel penetratingly formed on the bottom portion thereof, and the trough is in air communication with the tube by the airflow channel The metallic tube is seamlessly formed on an inner surface of the tube of the plastic carrier. The metallic tube has an inner screw thread formed on an inner surface thereof for detachably screwing to a nozzle of a tire. Thus, by seamlessly forming the metallic tube on the inner surface of the tube of the plastic carrier, the tire pressure monitoring device of the instant disclosure has a better airproof effect and a longer service life.

Abstract: An apparatus for seating a bead of a tire adjacent a bead seat of a wheel is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for deflating an air-pressurized tire used on heavy machinery or mining equipment. The apparatus can include a venturi tube having a feed tube with one end terminated in the constricted throat of the venturi tube and the other end operatively connected to an exit port of a valve extraction tool connected to a valve stem disposed on the tire's rim. A stream of air can be passed through the throat of the venturi tube to create a region of pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. When the extraction tool removes the valve core of the valve stem, pressurized air in the tire can flow to the low-pressure region in the venturi tube thereby resulting in decreased time to deflate the tire.

Abstract: A chain for mounting on a vehicle tire, in particular a sliding block chain, having a chain mesh, which is disposed at least on the tread of a vehicle tire in the mounted state of the chain and has a number of chain strands, each of which is formed by a number of chain links each with essentially straight longitudinal legs which run parallel to one another and are connected to one another at their ends by connecting elements in particular connecting rings. In the mounted state of the chain, the chain links of the chain strands lie on the tread at alternately positive and negative angles with respect to the tread. Wear elements are provided, realized as wear webs, which are fixedly connected to chain links of the chain mesh and which extend parallel to the longitudinal legs of the chain links.

Abstract: A self-latching hitch device comprising a bracket that fits around a hitch receiver, a housing containing a pull pin, and a biasing member urging the pin to a closed position when the pin of the device aligns with the pull pin holes in the hitch receiver and the pull pin holes in a ball mount shaft, such that the device can be placed on a hitch receiver when the receiver holes and ball mount shaft holes are not in alignment, the ball mount shaft can be moved longitudinally with respect to the hitch receiver, and the device pin will lock the ball mount shaft into position with respect to the hitch receiver when the holes of the ball mount shaft and hitch receiver come into alignment.

Abstract: A wireless sensor system for a trailer including: a vehicle; a vehicle sensor, where the vehicle sensor is adapted to plug into the vehicle; a trailer hitch attached to the vehicle; a trailer; a trailer bracket, where the trailer bracket connects to the trailer hitch; a trailer sensor attached to the trailer and said trailer sensor is adapted to receive signals from the vehicle sensor; a power source for the trailer and components including the trailer sensor; and a wireless connection between the vehicle sensor. Preferably the vehicle is a truck and the power source is a solar panel. The vehicle sensor includes a plugin that connects to a trailer light plug of the vehicle. The vehicle sensor syncs any vehicle traffic signaling with trailer traffic signaling via the trailer sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides, with reference to FIG. 2, an amphibian operable in land and marine modes, the amphibian comprising a hull, at least one discontinuity (wheel bay) provided in the hull, and at least one retractable wheel or track assembly at least partially located in the at least one discontinuity (wheel bay). The hull is a planing hull, and the at least one discontinuity (wheel bay) is provided in the front half of the hull of the amphibian. The amphibian further comprises at least one conduit which opens, or is provided with an entry which opens, into or at the at least one discontinuity (wheel bay) and is configured for channelling, in use, fluid away from the at least one discontinuity (wheel bay).

Abstract: An amphibious motorcycle with a hull that provides desirable buoyancy for the vehicle to float while in the water and yet allows the vehicle to lean/turn during use on land is provided. The amphibious motorcycle has a front wheel with a front suspension system and a rear wheel with a rear suspension system. Also included can be at least one wheel retraction system that is operable to move the front wheel and/or the rear wheel between a deployed position for use of the amphibious motorcycle on land and a retracted position for use of the amphibious motorcycle on or in the water. The amphibious motorcycle also has a hull that can have a center portion with a center bow and two oppositely disposed and spaced apart side portions each with a side bow.

Abstract: A trailer system for transporting multiple adult passengers and/or supplies over harsh terrain (e.g., snow, ice, wetland, etc.) when towed behind a vehicle. The trailer system includes a cabin, first and second skis, and first and second suspension assemblies. The suspension assemblies connect the skis, respectively, with the cabin. The suspension assemblies incorporate multiple pivot points that effectively isolate the skis from cabin, and promote true “tracking” of the trailer system relative to the towing vehicle. In some embodiments, the cabin has a highly buoyant construction, allowing the trailer system to float in water.

Abstract: Transformation method of hybrid transportation vehicle for ground and air includes the following transformation and reciprocal steps: Tilting the compensation cover (7) on. Expansion of both whole wings (1) from the transportation vehicle longitudinal position around two vertical axes (2) into the flying position. Expansion of rear parts of wings (1) from the top front parts of wings (1) into the spread flying position by tilting the rear of each wing (1) around a horizontal axis (3). The take-off and landing tilting of wings (1) by an angle of attack alpha=0 to 40° of the wings onset. Front wheels track (5) is reduced by axially shifting the front wheels (5) towards the fuselage. Furthermore, a corresponding hybrid transportation vehicle for ground and air is described which contains reciprocal transformation mechanisms for transformation from a sterling double or four-track automobile into a sterling aircraft for take-off and landing on the ground or water, and vice versa.

Abstract: A wheel suspension for a motor vehicle including a wheel carrier supporting a wheel. The wheel carrier connected via at least one upper camber link, a lower control arm, and a lateral toe link to the vehicle body or subframe. A stabilizer rod connects to the wheel carrier. The wheel suspension including a damper unit and a spring unit wherein the stabilizer rod and the damper unit connect to the wheel carrier at a common connecting point.

Abstract: A pivot bearing for independent wheel suspension of a steerable front wheel of a vehicle having at least one upper bearing with a connection to a spring strut for attachment to the body. To improve the safety of the passenger cell in the event of a frontal collision, the connection has a separating device that brings about separation of the attachment of the pivot bearing to the spring strut and to the body of the vehicle at the upper bearing in the event of a frontal impact.

Abstract: An axle component for a motor vehicle axle is disclosed having rim holes for the insertion of a rubber-metal bearing. The upper and lower collars of the two rim holes are oriented in the same direction. An outwardly oriented collar is set back into the interior space in relation to an outer wall of the axle component.

Abstract: An object is to provide a signal processing device capable of reducing a sudden change in the rate of change of an output signal at the time of switching between two signals. In the signal processing device, when a signal of a larger value is selected, a smoothing signal is generated based on the deviation between two signals such that the smoothing signal has a value larger than the values of the two signals between two points at which the smoothing signal intersects the two signals, or when a signal of a smaller value is selected, the smoothing signal is generated based on the deviation between two signals such that the smoothing signal has a value smaller than the values of the two signals between two points at which the smoothing signal intersects the two signals.

Abstract: Provided is a damper control device that exerts appropriate damping force to improve ride quality in a vehicle even when the vehicle gets over a projection on a road surface, the damper control device including a correction unit that corrects the damping force of a damper based on information from which a temporal variation amount of a damper velocity of the damper can be grasped and level information from which a damping force characteristic level that is the magnitude of a damping force characteristic of the damper can be grasped. The damper control device can suppress occurrence of distortion in a characteristic of transmission damping force regardless of the magnitude of the damping force characteristic level, and does not cause a lack of the damping force by reducing the damping force more than necessary when the damping force characteristic level is small.

Abstract: A method of controlling a vehicle active suspension system may include, in response to an object being detected forward of the vehicle and a vehicle speed exceeding a threshold, identifying an object classification associated with the object. The method may further include actuating the active suspension system to induce a vibration signature in the vehicle based on the object classification such that a different identified object classification corresponds to a different vibration signature.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing a detected faulty signal. A suspension height fault is detected by a processor. A signal of the detected faulty suspension height sensor is reconstructed using indirect sensor data. The reconstructed signal is output to a controller to maintain stability.

Abstract: A structure of an active mount is provided. The structure includes a case with an interior that is divided into upper and lower fluid chambers, a sealed hydro fluid flows based on a volume change of the upper fluid chamber due to deformation of an insulator, and flow characteristics of the hydro fluid are varied when power is applied to a driver. The structure further includes a generator that produces electricity based on behavior of the insulator. The generator is disposed within the case and the electricity produced by the generator is applied to the driver. Additionally, the generator autonomously produces electricity based on engine behavior and is mounted within an engine mount and, thus, supply of electricity from the outside is not required.

Abstract: A torsion axle arrangement is provided wherein the spindle is mounted to the suspension link by insertion into a split socket at one end of the suspension link, which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the suspension link. That connection is maintained by a bolt passing through the suspension link, engaging a mating groove in the spindle, and then clamping the ends of the split socket together. The bolt is anchored to the suspension link by a threaded connection external to the suspension link. A chamfer or surface recess is formed in the surface of the suspension link for immediate source identification.

Abstract: A dust sensor includes: a main body in which a dust inlet is formed and including an optical sensor and a lens for collecting light scattered by dust which enters into the main body through the dust inlet; a button unit protruding outwardly from the main body and having one end that is inserted into a coupling hole formed in the main body, wherein the button unit is selectively moved, by a pushing operation of a user, upward and downward with respect to an interior of the main body in which the lens is installed; and a cleaner installed on the one end of the button unit that is inserted into the main body, wherein the cleaner is repeatedly brought into contact with the lens by the upward and downward movement of the button unit.

Abstract: A device comprising a first storage compartment, an inlet pipe connected to the storage compartment, the inlet pipe adapted to deliver conditioned air from a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a motor vehicle to the storage compartment, a first outlet pipe connected to the storage compartment for directing the conditioned air back into the HVAC system, a second storage compartment, and a second outlet pipe connected to the second storage compartment for directing the conditioned air into the second storage compartment.

Abstract: A system for cooling a battery. The system has a cabin cooling refrigerant pathway including an orifice tube through which refrigerant flows to an evaporator. A battery cooling refrigerant pathway includes a thermal expansion valve (TXV) through which refrigerant flows to a chiller. An accumulator is in receipt of refrigerant from both the cabin cooling refrigerant pathway and the battery cooling refrigerant pathway. A battery coolant loop includes a coolant pathway for directing coolant from the chiller to the battery to cool the battery. The coolant is cooled by the chiller.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between coolant and refrigerant of different kinds in one device and providing an effective heat exchange ratio between the coolant and the refrigerant. The heat exchanger includes a refrigerant flow path having a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet, and a coolant flow path through which coolant flows to exchange heat with the refrigerant. The coolant flow path includes a first coolant flow path where first coolant flows, and a second coolant flow path where second coolant with a different kind from the first coolant flows. The heat exchanger is partitioned into a first heat exchange section, in which the first coolant exchanges heat with the refrigerant and a second heat exchange section, in which the second coolant exchanges heat with the refrigerant, so that the heat exchange in the first heat exchange section and the heat exchange in the second heat exchange are carried out independently.

Abstract: A battery pack is provided including: a plurality of battery cells arranged in multiple battery cell rows; one or more heat exchange spaces; and a device for providing heat exchange to the battery pack. Further, the device includes a heat conduction medium passage arranged in the heat exchange spaces, such that the heat conduction medium passage surrounds multiple battery cells each battery cell row. The heat conduction medium passage is provided with at least a first group of channels and a second group of channels, which are in contact with the surface of each battery cell, and a heat conduction medium is provided in the first group of channels and the second of channels. The heat conduction medium flows in the first group of channels in a direction opposite from the flow of the heat conduction medium in the second group of channels.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes an electric generator, a compressor, a water cooling module including a water pump, an electronic fan, a steering pump, a pneumatic module including an air pump, a transmission device, and an electric motor. The electric motor is configured to drive the electric generator, the compressor, the water pump, the electronic fan, the steering pump, and the air pump to work through the transmission device. The present invention further provides an electric vehicle with the powertrain system.

Abstract: A vehicle occupant safety method involves receiving data from multiple sensors including at least one carbon monoxide (CO) sensor and GPS sensor; wherein, when a specified danger condition relating to CO level alone, or in combination with vehicle interior temperature, exists, and based upon the sensor data, causing the vehicle component controls to modify operation of at least one vehicle component; d) determining i) based upon further sensor data, that the specified danger condition either: A) is persisting, or B) has exceeded at least one specified severity threshold; and ii) using GPS location information from the GPS sensor, whether or not the vehicle is in an unsafe location, whether the vehicle is occupied, and where any occupants are located; continuing to make determinations regarding the specified danger condition; and, based upon a result of the determinations in taking further control actions until the specified danger condition no longer exists.