Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, articles, and methods for removing water from hydrocarbon fluids. In an embodiment, the invention includes a water/fuel separation system including a filter housing and a filter element disposed within the filter housing. The filter element can include a separation article including a porous polymer layer having and a porous substrate comprising a hydrophobic surface. In an embodiment, the invention includes a filter element for separating emulsified water from a hydrocarbon fluid. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for filtering water out of a hydrocarbon fluid including passing a hydrocarbon fluid through a separation article including a polymer layer comprising polytetrafluoroethylene; and a porous substrate comprising a hydrophobic surface, the polymer layer disposed on the porous substrate.

Abstract: A cyclonic separator is provided, comprising at least one cyclonic chamber in the form of a cylindrical tube, having an upper inlet end and a lower liquid outlet end, at least one involute chamber located adjacent to and in fluid communication with the upper end of each of the at least one cyclonic chambers. The involute chamber comprises an involute inlet and a gas outlet proximal an upper end of the involute chamber. An inlet manifold is in fluid communication with said at least one involute chamber via the involute inlet. Said involute inlet of said involute chamber is laterally separated from said gas outlet. A method is further provided for separation of a mixed heavy phase/light phase process stream.

Abstract: A gaseous species can be separated from an aqueous donor mixture and absorbed in an aqueous recipient mixture using a membrane separation apparatus while maintaining a large temperature difference (e.g. greater than 30° C.) between the two aqueous mixtures. A composite membrane is employed which comprises a non-porous membrane adjacent a porous membrane. The non-porous membrane is permeable to the gaseous species. The porous membrane has a porosity greater than 50% and is hydrophobic. In one embodiment, the composite membrane is oriented such that the porous membrane faces the aqueous recipient mixture and is impermeable thereto at the recipient mixture pressure. The invention is particularly suitable for separating chlorine dioxide from chlorine dioxide reaction liquor and absorbing in chilled water.

Abstract: An inline process for imparting sonic energy plus a liquid gas separator to a continuous flow of a heterogenous liquid to de-gassify the liquid and thereby provide for separation and extraction of selected liquid and gas components. The device utilizes a flat plate oriented in the direction of flow within the liquid so as to impart pressure fronts into the liquid to initiate liquid gas separation followed by a series of weirs, and tower packing, with stripping gas to facilitate mass transfer.

Abstract: A sludge collector arrangement has a settling tank having side walls sloping downwardly and inwardly towards the base of the tank to from a V-base. A sludge collection unit located in the bottom of the tank has one funnel part facing in one direction and another funnel part facing in the other direction so that when the unit is driven backwards and forwards in the V-base, sludge is driven into one or other of the funnel parts. The funnel parts communicate with a central chamber and a port in a wall of the chamber allows sludge to be drawn by a suction pump from the chamber for subsequent disposal.

Abstract: A filter cartridge (5) with a housing enclosing a filter volume filled to about 80% with a filter granulate (15) is screwed into a joint (7) of a connecting piece (1) by means of a port (12) ending in an outflow opening (13) and being connected to an outlet line formed by a second fitting (3), and surrounded with a distance by a casing (4) that is screwed to the connecting piece (1). An inlet line formed by a first fitting (2) opens into an intermediate volume (6) lying between the casing (4) and the outer side of the filter cartridge (5) in such a way that untreated water enters into the outlet line via the intermediate volume (6) and through the bottom (9) which is perforated by slots (10), the filter granulate (15), the intermediate floor (11) that is likewise slotted and the port (12). In order to reduce the flow resistance, the port (12) is provided with bypass openings (14) to allow untreated water to pass also directly out of the intermediate volume (6) into the port (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering an industrial slurry, a non-suspended mixture of solid particulate matter and liquid produced by an industrial process, is disclosed. A method and system for filtering an industrial slurry and recycling liquid filtrate are additionally disclosed. One example of an apparatus for filtering an industrial slurry can include a receptacle, a false bottom disposed within the receptacle and containing an effluent exit, and a filter disposed within the effluent exit.

Abstract: A filtering membrane module and a filtering apparatus having the same, which is capable of remarkably reducing a vibration of filtering membrane module during an aeration process for a maintenance cleaning of filtering membrane, and preventing a crack from occurring in the filtering membrane module by the vibration, wherein the filtering membrane module comprises a filtering membrane; a header, to which the filtering membrane is potted, including a first lateral side and a second lateral side opposite to the first lateral side; a first coupling unit provided at the first lateral side; and a second coupling unit provided at the second lateral side.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering water has an interface and a filtration/purification canister removably mountable thereon. Connecting the canister to the interface automatically opens a check valve in the interface to permit water to flow from the interface into and through the canister, and then back to and through the interface to an outlet port. Disconnecting the canister from the interface automatically closes the check valve, stopping the flow of water. An end cap may be substituted for the canister to permit fluid to flow through the interface when the canister is not mounted on the interface. The outlet port may be directly connected to an appliance that uses water, to eliminate possible contamination that may occur when water is brought indirectly form the outlet port to the appliance instead. A flapper valve is provided in the canister to prevent back flow of fluid from the inlet port of the canister when the canister is not mounted on the interface.

Abstract: Thermoplastic bicomponent binder fiber can be combined with other media, fibers and other filtration components to form a thermally bonded filtration media. The filtration media can be used in filter units, such as breather caps. Such filter units can be placed in the stream of a mobile fluid and can remove a particulate and/or fluid mist load from the mobile stream. The unique combination of media fiber, bicomponent binder fiber and other filtration additives and components provide a filtration media having unique properties in filtration applications.

Abstract: An adapter assembly includes an adapter body extending from an adapter inlet to an adapter outlet, a canister mount for securing the adapter body to an air filter canister, and an adapter joint for securing the adapter body to the canister mount. The canister mount includes a collar that is secured about the air filter canister. The adapter joint allows the adapter body to be moved away from the air filter canister for air filter replacement without having to disconnect the adapter body from the air filter canister. Precleaners are airtightly securable to the adapter body inlet, and the air filter canister is airtightly securable to the adapter body outlet. Air cleaned by the precleaners before reaching the air filter has less contamination to be filtered by the air filter before the air flows into an engine. Precleaning significantly extends the life of air filters.

Abstract: Filter systems and methods described herein include one or more spacer elements positioned in the dirty air chamber along with the filter elements attached to the spacer elements. The dirty air inlet delivers a dirty air stream into the dirty air chamber along a dirty air flow axis.

Abstract: A gas exhaust filter device for a bioreactor with reduced blockage by condensed liquid is disclosed, which comprises a housing with a filter medium, a gas inlet and a gas outlet and also further comprises a plurality of ribs extending from at least one inner wall of the housing in a region between the gas inlet and the filter medium.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter capable of preventing depth filtration and achieving a combination of high collection efficiency and low pressure loss.

Abstract: An air filter arrangement is disclosed. The air filter arrangement includes media comprising corrugated media secured to facing media and defining a media pack having opposite flow faces. Media pack arrangements including such media are described. Also described are filter cartridges including such media packs and air cleaners including the filter cartridges. Advantageous housing seal arrangements having a pinch seal member and forming a trough are described. Methods of assembly and use are also provided. Also, systems of use are described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of controlled acidic pollutants in clinker kiln emissions are disclosed. The methods and apparatus include introducing bypass dust produced during production of clinker into one or more locations between the preheater exhaust and the inlet to a dust filter including into a gas conditioning tower. Total bypass dust separated from the kiln exhaust gas may be used. The bypass dust can be separated into a fine and coarse portions. Fine or total bypass dust can be mixed with water to form a bypass dust slurry that can be introduced into the gas conditioning tower. Bypass dust can be used to reduce the content of acidic pollutants such as hydrogen chloride HCl and sulfur oxides SOx from clinker kiln emissions.

Abstract: A system for removing particles from an air stream includes a housing having an air stream inlet at a first end, and an air stream outlet at a second end. The housing defines a flow path between the air stream inlet and air stream outlet. An agricultural device generating an air stream containing particles is in fluid communication with the housing, the air stream from the agricultural device being directed into the air stream inlet of the housing. An aggregator is disposed between the air stream inlet and the air stream outlet. The aggregator facilitates the aggregation of particles within the air stream. The aggregated particles fall from the aggregator by force of gravity.

Abstract: A device of an aircraft engine for separating oil from an air-oil volume flow and an apparatus for introducing oil into the air-oil volume flow. An outlet area of the apparatus for introducing oil is provided in a closed line section, into which the air-oil volume flow can be introduced via an inlet area. In accordance with the invention, a flow cross-section of the line section downstream of the outlet area of the apparatus tapers at least partially like a nozzle and at least in some sections inside a confusor area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature enhanced pressure swing adsorption (TEPSA) process for removing at least two components including a less strongly adsorbed component and a more strongly adsorbed component from a gas mixture, said process comprising using one single heater and at least two adsorber vessels, in each of which repeated cycles comprising an adsorption phase and subsequent regeneration phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for separating metal carbonyls from a gas mixture (1) by gas scrubbing with a physically acting scrubbing medium (6), where scrubbing medium (8) loaded with metal carbonyls in the scrub (W) is regenerated and is subsequently reused for separating off metal carbonyls. The invention is characterized in that in order to regenerate the loaded scrubbing medium (8) materials dissolved in the scrubbing medium are separated off only to the extent necessary for removal of the metal carbonyls.

Abstract: A method for removing SOx from a gas by using a modified polyethylene glycol solution to absorb the SOx in the gas. The modified polyethylene glycol solution is contacted with the gas containing SOx to absorb the SOx in the gas, wherein x=2 and/or 3, the modified polyethylene glycol is a product derived from etherifying hydroxyl groups in the molecules of ethylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol and has a general formula: R1—(O—C2H4)n—O—R2, where n is a positive integer, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl or aryl.

Abstract: Provided is a vacuum adsorption apparatus and a method of adsorbing a semiconductor package in a vacuum state. The vacuum adsorption apparatus includes a housing having an opening formed on its top surface, a vacuum adsorption unit disposed in the housing, and a stage formed on the opening formed in the housing and including a plurality of holes. A pressure generated from the vacuum adsorption unit is applied to the top surface of the stage through the opening and the plurality of holes.

Abstract: The present invention is a dehumidifier powered by an engine. The dehumidifier recycles waste heat from the engine and other components for the drying process. Moisture is transferred by advection and evaporation from an air stream flowing through the target environment (e.g., building interior) into a hot system air stream.

Abstract: Methods for removing sulfur dioxide from a gas stream are disclosed. A method may include passing a gas stream comprising SO2 through a gas scrubbing apparatus. A scrubbing liquor comprising hydroxide ions and at least one oxidation catalyst may be flowed into the gas scrubbing apparatus, thereby contacting the gas stream with the scrubbing liquor. In response to the contacting, at least 90 wt. % of the sulfur dioxide may be removed from the gas stream. Concomitant to the contacting, at least some of the sulfur dioxide may react with at least some of the hydroxide ions, thereby forming sulfite ions in the scrubbing liquor. Some of the sulfite ions may be oxidized, via the oxidation catalyst, thereby forming sulfate ions in the scrubbing liquor. A used scrubbing liquor may be discharged from the scrubbing apparatus.

Abstract: A fluid treatment assembly comprises one or more cross flow fluid treatment units positioned between opposite end pieces. The fluid treatment unit includes a permeable fluid treatment medium having a feed side and a permeate side. The fluid treatment assembly further comprises a feed inlet and feed passage, a permeate outlet and a permeate passage, and a retentate outlet and a retentate passage. The feed passage directs feed fluid from the feed inlet to the permeable medium and tangentially along the feed side of the permeable medium. The permeate passage directs permeate from the permeate side of the permeable medium to the permeate outlet. The retentate passage directs retentate from the feed side of the permeable medium to the retentate outlet. A flow restrictor is positioned in the retentate passage.

Abstract: A hyperfiltration system (10) and method for treating water including: a vessel (20) having a feed inlet (22), a permeate outlet (24), and a concentrate outlet (26); at least one spiral wound membrane element (28) located within the vessel (20); a pump (30) having a low pressure side (32) in fluid communication with a source of feed water (40) through a junction point (42) and a high pressure side (34) in fluid communication with the feed inlet (22); a permeate valve (50) connected to the permeate outlet (24) and adapted to selectively direct permeate flow between a treated water outlet (52) and the junction point (42); a flow path (60) between the concentrate outlet (26) and a discharge (62); and a flow restrictor (64) located along the flow path (60) and adapted to vary resistance to concentrate flow between a high and low value.

Abstract: A cartridge type hollow fiber membrane module includes: a cartridge type hollow fiber membrane element including a hollow fiber membrane bundle, a distribution cylinder, and an adhesive resin portion; a module case including a module case main body portion which has at least one port corresponding to a supply outlet of filtrate or an undiluted solution on a side surface, and a header which has a port corresponding to a supply outlet of filtrate or an undiluted solution, and accommodating the cartridge type hollow fiber membrane element; a first sealing member disposed to come into contact with the distribution cylinder and the header on an external side of a boundary surface between the supporting portion and the adhesive resin portion; and a second sealing member disposed to come into contact with an outer circumference portion of the distribution cylinder and the module case main body portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention provides a central core element for a reverse osmosis separator assembly, the central core element comprising a pair of central core element components, each of said core element components comprising at least one porous exhaust conduit and at least one friction coupling, the friction couplings being configured to join said core element components to form a central core element defining a cavity configured to accommodate a first portion of a membrane stack assembly; wherein each core element component comprises a first section defining an exhaust cavity and a second section comprising a porous exhaust conduit, wherein said porous exhaust conduit comprises a removable wall member configured to form a substantial portion of a porous exhaust conduit wall.

Abstract: A membrane separation unit can include a cartridge, at least one membrane disposed within the cartridge, at least one seal plate, and a sealing ring seated in an outer groove of the seal plate. The at least one seal plate can seal one end of the cartridge. The seal plate can have at least one venting hole that forms a passage between the interior of the cartridge and the outer groove. The sealing ring can have a cross-sectional shape that forms a circular venting path between the sealing ring and the seal plate. The sealing ring can include one or more grooves to allow fluid to vent into an annular space between a device housing and the membrane separation unit. The sealing ring can include an outer surface having, in cross-section, two flattened surfaces that form an angle of between 90° and 175° there between.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aeration unit capable of cleaning all the hollow fiber membranes in a filtering apparatus sufficiently and uniformly thereby improving the filtration efficiency and a filtering apparatus comprising the same. An aeration unit of the present invention comprises a plurality of aeration tubes parallel to each other, each of the aeration tubes comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; and a first common pipe in fluid communication with the aeration tubes through the first ends of the aeration tubes to provide the aeration tubes with air. The first common pipe is perpendicular to the aeration tubes. The closer to both ends of the first common pipe the aeration tubes are, the more densely the aeration tubes are arranged.

Abstract: A carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane is made by pyrolyzing a polymeric precursor membrane in a pyrolysis atmosphere containing a sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: Novel low-pressure nanofiltration membrane composites for rejecting organic compounds are prepared by interfacial polymerization on a microporous hollow fiber supporting membrane. The interfacial polymerization reaction is carried out using an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having at least two amine functional groups per molecule, and an essentially monomeric amine-reactive polyfunctional aromatic or cycloaliphatic acyl halide having at least two acyl halide groups per molecule. The composite can be fabricated by stepwise polymerization reactions with different reactant recipes at each step.

Abstract: In one embodiment described herein, a bodily fluid separation material is provided comprising a formed component capture region and a bodily fluid pass-through region. The pass-through region has structures with a reduced liquid leaching quality relative to than the capture region, wherein during separation material use, bodily fluid enters the capture region prior to entering the pass-through region. Optionally, a bodily fluid pass-through region has a reduced amount of liquid leaching material relative to than the capture region.

Abstract: A water separation composite membrane is provided. The water separation composite membrane includes a carrier with a plurality of pores, wherein the carrier is made of a polymer having a repeat unit of and a selective layer disposed on the porous carrier, wherein the selective layer consists of a plurality of graphene oxide layers.

Abstract: Methods for forming an ultrathin GO membrane are provided. The method can include: dispersing a single-layered graphene oxide powder in deionized water to form a single-layered graphene oxide dispersion; centrifuging the graphene oxide dispersion to remove aggregated graphene oxide material from the single-layered graphene oxide dispersion; thereafter, diluting the single-layered graphene oxide dispersion by about ten times or more through addition of deionized water to the graphene oxide dispersion; and thereafter, passing the single-layered graphene oxide dispersion through a substrate such that a graphene oxide membrane is formed on the substrate. Filtration membranes are also provided and can include: a graphene oxide membrane having a thickness of about 1.8 nm to about 180 nm, with the graphene oxide membrane comprises about 3 to about 30 layers of graphene oxide flakes.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous hollow fiber membrane that can efficiently separate and remove the substances to be removed such as small-particle virus contained in a solution and, at the same time, useful recovering substances such as protein can be efficiently permeated and the decrease of its transmission rate with elapse of time is small. The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is characterized in that the filtration downstream surface thereof has dot-shaped or slit-shaped pores, the filtration upstream surface thereof is a network structure or a fine particle aggregate structure, the central region of the membrane is composed of a substantially homogeneous structure, the membrane wall is composed of a structure having substantially no macrovoids, the permeability for pure water is 10 to 300 L/(h·m2·bar) and the permeability for a 0.1% by weight solution of bovine ?-globulin is 30 to 100% of the permeability for pure water.

Abstract: A diffuser membrane and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. In the method for manufacturing, a first material is heated and extruded to form a base layer and a second material is heated and extruded to form a coating layer. The base layer and coating layer may be extruded substantially simultaneously in a coextrusion process. Accordingly, the coating may be applied to the base layer in a manner that optimizes the bonding between the two layers and provides the ability to control the thickness of the coating layer. Alternatively, the base layer is formed initially and the coating layer is subsequently formed thereover. The first and second materials have differing properties. The first material may comprise polyurethane and the second material may comprise polyurethane and PTFE.

Abstract: A liquid aerator in one embodiment includes an air deliverer having a bulb pump portion formed integrally with a stem portion; a one-way valve located in the bulb pump portion of the air deliverer; and a porous diffuser located at a distal end of the stem portion of the air deliverer. A liquid aerator in another embodiment includes an air deliverer having a bottle shape including a larger diameter base portion formed integrally with a narrower diameter neck portion; a one-way valve located in the base portion of the air deliverer; and a porous diffuser located at a distal end of the neck portion of the air deliverer.

Abstract: A method and system for blending natural gas liquids into liquid hydrocarbons may include using multiple blending tanks with internal mixer eductors, a plurality of analyzers, and, optionally, a recirculation tank, wherein natural gas liquid may be added into the system at each blending tank, creating a more accurately mixed final product.

Abstract: The fluid mixing element in accordance with this invention forms a first internal flow channel whose starting end opens on an end surface of one end part and whose terminal end opens on an end surface of the other end part and a second internal flow channel whose starting end opens on a side peripheral surface of a middle part and whose terminal end opens on an end surface of the other end part. It is possible for the fluid mixing element to securely mix a first fluid flowing in a main flow channel with a second fluid flowing in a sub-flow channel by the use of a pipe with a short length with a simple arrangement.

Abstract: A fluid holding structure fluid circulating system includes a fluid movement assembly with a propeller including a housing having a perimeter wall and a plurality of blades attached to an outer surface of the perimeter wall. A motor is mechanically coupled to the propeller and is positioned above the propeller. A buoy has buoyancy in fluid great enough to raise the fluid movement assembly adjacent to a surface of a fluid holding structure when the motor is turned off. The motor is mounted within the buoy and the propeller urges fluid upwardly toward the buoy when the motor is turned on to rotate the propeller. The propeller is completely exposed around its lateral periphery. A positioning cable is attached to the fluid movement assembly to facilitate movement thereof within the fluid holding structure.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for indirect magnetic treatment of fluids/gases, where a magnetic or electromagnetic field having a certain dimension, geometry and flux density is, in a first step, applied to a working fluid/gas to obtain the directly magnetized fluid/gas. Then the directly magnetized fluid/gas is used in a second step as a magnetizer or a magnetic treating agent for magnetizing indirectly the normal non-magnetized fluid/gas by mixing the directly magnetized fluid/gas and normal non-magnetized fluid/gas in accordance with a predetermined mixing ratio and mixing method between the directly magnetized fluid/gas and normal non-magnetized working fluid/gas. Afterwards, the resultant mixed or indirectly-magnetized fluid/gas is used in the proper application directly or stored in a storage tank for later use.

Abstract: Apparatus and method in which a solid or liquid additive is dispensed within a mixing chamber for mixing with a fluid from the pressurized fluid flow line and is effective mixed in a vortex under vacuum while precluding contamination of the unused additive.

Abstract: A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal transformation processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a weir quench, an apparatus utilizing the weir quench and processes incorporating the same. The weir quench incorporates an inlet having an inner diameter (Di) and an upper chamber having an inner diameter (Duc), wherein the inlet inner diameter (Di) is at least 90% of the upper chamber inner diameter (Duc). The apparatus constitutes a reactor having an outlet with an inner diameter fluidly coupled with the weir quench inlet, wherein the ratio of the reactor oulet inner diameter (Dr) to the weir quench inlet diameter (Di) is greater than one. The weir quench, and apparatus are advantageously utilized in processes utilizing a limiting reagent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medium material for eliminating arsenic pollution from groundwater, which is a granular material having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 cm, prepared from manganese ore, meerschaum, straws, animal excrements, active sludge and active bacterium agent in a mass ratio of 1:0.2˜0.5:0.5˜1:0.2˜0.4:0.2˜0.4:0.0005˜0.002 via mixing, composting, carbonizing and crushing. The prevent invention also discloses a process for producing the above-mentioned medium material. The medium material of the present invention can eliminate multivalent arsenic from groundwater, has a long service life, and does not cause secondary pollution to groundwater.

Abstract: Provided are a lithium adsorbent prepared using an aerosol deposition method, including (a) synthesizing lithium manganese oxide powder, and (b) coating the lithium manganese oxide powder on a surface of a substrate by the aerosol deposition method, and a method of preparing the same. The lithium adsorbent is characterized in that the lithium manganese oxide powder may be directly coated on various substrates using the aerosol deposition method, thereby greatly reducing a decrease of a lithium recovery rate even after a long time has lapsed. Further, the lithium adsorbent having a large surface area prepared by the preparation method of the present invention is characterized by being easily handled, being selectively reacted with lithium ions, having a larger adsorption area, being physically and chemically stable, and being used reversibly.

Abstract: Porous silica-carbon composites are obtained by mixing fine particulate carbon dispersed in water by a surfactant, alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, and mineral acid so as to produce co-dispersion in which silica hydrosol, produced by reaction of the alkali metal silicate and the mineral acid, and the fine particulate carbon are uniformly dispersed, and gelling silica hydrosol, contained in the co-dispersion, and making the co-dispersion into porous bodies. The porous silica-carbon composites are prepared so as to have specific surface area from 20 to 1000 m2/g, pore volume from 0.3 to 2.0 ml/g, and average pore diameter from 2 to 100 nm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, in particular, fine composite-metal particles contained therein, and a method for producing the same; the exhaust gas purification catalyst according to the present invention includes fine composite-metal particles containing Rh and Pd, wherein, when the fine composite-metal particles in the exhaust gas purification catalyst are analyzed by STEM-EDX, the average ratio of the amount of Pd with respect to the total amount of Rh and Pd in the fine composite-metal particles is 1.7 atomic % or more and 24.8 atomic % or less.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a catalyst comprising substrate particles having gold nanoparticles thereon, the method comprising providing a first solution comprising gold nanoparticles; providing a second solution comprising substrate particles having polyelectrolyte on the surface thereof; and combining the solutions to form substrate particles having gold nanoparticles thereon. A catalyst comprising substrate particles having gold nanoparticles thereon, wherein the gold nanoparticles comprise capping agent comprising polyelectrolyte. A catalyst as a component of a cigarette filter, an air conditioning unit, an exhaust, or a diesel exhaust.