Abstract: What is described is use of a polymeric solubilizer for increasing the soil mobility of a sparingly soluble insecticide, said polymeric solubilizer having the property that the active insecticidal ingredient in a 1% by weight aqueous solution of the polymeric solubilizer at 25° C. and 1.01325 bar has a solubility at least forty times higher than under the same conditions in pure water, and wherein the active ingredient:solubilizer weight ratio is ?1.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to plant additives capable of alleviating phosphate starvation symptoms in plants and promoting the growth of phosphate deprived plants. These plant additives are molecules comprising the group of formula.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a composition, which comprises (A) a N-cyclopropyl-N-[substituted-benzyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivative of formula (I) and (B) a further herbicidally active compound or (C) a plant growth regulator and/or (D) a safener for reducing phytotoxic actions of agrochemicals. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed.

Abstract: A spot-on pesticide composition for animals, specifically mammals, including dogs and cats, which composition comprises fipronil, etofenprox, and an insect growth regulator as the active components, in doses and proportions which are effective against a variety of insects and pests, and in a formulation which is convenient for local application to the animal's skin, preferably localized over a small surface area.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition comprises a synergistically effective amount of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist compound and a pesticide selected from N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio)propanamide (I), N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl)propanamide (II), or any agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. A method of controlling pests comprises applying the pesticidal composition near a population of pests. A method of protecting a plant from infestation and attack by insects comprises contacting the plant with the synergistic pesticidal composition.

Abstract: New formulations of clomazone are provided, as well as new methods for making formulations of clomazone. The new formulations provide improved efficacy, decreased volatility, and/or increased loading of clomazone over the clomazone formulations in the prior art.

Abstract: Provided is a method which exerts an excellent effect in controlling a pest in a field of soybean, corn or cotton.

Abstract: A method for controlling pests of soybean plants comprises the step of contacting the soybean plant, parts of it, its propagation material, the pests, their food supply, habitat or breeding grounds with one or more components of the ginkgo tree selected from the group consisting of bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J and ginkgolide M.

Abstract: The invention relates to low volatile organic chemical gibberellic acid (“GA3”), gibberellin 4 (“GA4”), gibberellin 4/7 (“GA4/7”), or combinations thereof formulations and methods of their use. Specifically, formulations of the present invention are directed toward agricultural formulations including from about 1 to about 10% of at least one gibberellin selected from the group consisting of GA3, GA4, and GA4/7, from about 85 to about 99% polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight from about 190 to about 420, and from about 0.1 to about 5% of a non-ionic or anionic surfactant, wherein the formulation does not include isopropyl alcohol, and wherein the percentages are percent by weight of the formulation.

Abstract: A crystal form of rimsulfuron is provided that exhibits improved solubility and decreased viscosity. Furthermore, a process for its preparation is provided. The novel crystal form is particularly suitable for use in herbicidal compositions and in the control of unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an emulsifiable solid agrochemical composition which contains an inorganic salt and which can be used as an agrochemical emulsion. The preparation method according to the present invention has the advantage that, because there is no need for a step of heating and evaporating a solvent or water, it is possible to use a surfactant or active ingredient that has a low boiling point or breaks down drastically at a high temperature, and, due to the solid-phase form, it is possible to minimise the amount that sticks to a container as there is no need to use a special synthetic resin or glass bottle that entails high packaging costs. Also, a granular emulsifier (EG) or a powdery emulsifier (EP) produced by means of the method according to the present invention can be further diluted in water before use so as to form common emulsion (EC) emulsified particles (0.1 ?m to 100 ?m) to transparent microemulsion particles (0.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition comprises a synergistically effective amount of an organophosphate-based acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor compound and a pesticide selected from N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio)propanamide (I), N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl)propanamide (II), or any agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. A method of controlling pests comprises applying the pesticidal composition near a population of pests. A method of protecting a plant from infestation and attack by insects comprises contacting the plant with the synergistic pesticidal composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation.

Abstract: Antimicrobial chemical compositions comprise an aluminum phosphate (AlP) solid dispersed within a binding polymer, wherein one or more bioactive materials are disposed within AlP forming a bioactive-AlP complex. The complex may comprise the bioactive material chemically bonded with the AlP, physically combined with the AlP, or a combination of both. The complex may be formed according to precipitation, condensation and sol-gel methods of forming. The complex is engineered to provide a controlled delivery of the bioactive material or a constituent thereof upon exposure to moisture to give a desired level of antimicrobial resistance to a film or composite formed from the composition of at least about 30 ?g/m2, and may also provide a desired degree of corrosion resistance through the release of passivating phosphate anion.

Abstract: Provided are bioactive compositions and metabolites derived from Bacillus and particularly Bacillus megaterium cultures responsible for controlling pests as well as their methods of use for controlling pests. Further provided are pesticidal Bacillus megaterium strains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one biological control agent selected from the group consisting of Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746 (NRRL Accession No. B-21618), Bacillus mycoides AQ726 (NRRL Accession No. B-21664), Bacillus purnilus (NRRL Accession No. B-30087), Bacillus purnilus AQ717 (NRRL Accession No. B-21662), Bacillus sp. AQ175 (ATCC Accession No. 55608), Bacillus sp. AQ177 (ATCC Accession No. 55609), Bacillus sp. AQ178 (ATCC Accession No. 53522), Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL Accession No. B-21665), Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRL Accession No. B-21661), Bacillus subtilis AQ153 (ATCC Accession No. 55614), Bacillus thuringiensis BD#32 (NRRL Accession No. B-21530), Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL Accession No. B-21619), Muscodor albus 620 (NRRL Accession No. 30547), Muscodor roseus A3-5 (NRRL Accession No. 30548), Rhodococcus globerulus AQ719 (NRRL Accession No. B-21663), Streptomyces galbus (NRRL Accession No. 30232), Streptomyces sp. (NRRL Accession No.

Abstract: The method for a pesticide having an insecticide, acaricide and nematicide action is obtained from plant extracts that have important synergic interactions in pesticide activity. The characteristics of the pesticide are efficient control of insects, mites and nematodes, low toxicity for mammals and low persistence in the environment. This pesticide is a composition based on plant extracts containing isoquinoline alkaloids and their derivatives (0.1-20%) and flavonoids and their glycosylated derivatives (0.001-10%). Therefore, the field of the invention is generally organic pesticides and in particular to obtaining an organic pesticide which contains, as an active ingredient, a mixture of isoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids to be used to control agricultural pests.

Abstract: A cookie dough tray is formed with a substantially rigid frame having a plurality of cavities formed from an elastomeric material, each of the cavities being sized to accommodate dough for a single cookie. The cavities may include a convex bottom portion to facilitate inversion of the cavities for removal of the dough.

Abstract: A device and a method for forming bar-shaped croissant dough in a U-shape, for then quickly and precisely arranging both legs of the U-shape to have the same length, and for producing croissants in a required shape are provided. A device for circularizing croissant dough 100 comprises a first guide for reducing a width 114 that moves a first end 5a of the U-shaped croissant dough 5 toward a center of the U-shape, a plate 118 that is inserted under a second end 5b of the U-shaped croissant dough 5 and lifts the second end 5b, a second guide for reducing the width 116 that moves the second end 5b that is lifted toward the center of the U-shape, and a pusher 130 that vertically presses the first end 5a and the second end 5b that are moved to the center of the U-shape so as to stick one to the other.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of shortbread-type cookies, characterised in that it comprises the steps of: mixing the ingredients of a cookie dough, forming the cookie dough to form semi-finished products, baking the semi-finished products formed from the dough, thus obtaining the cookies, cooling the cookies obtained and packaging of the cookies; wherein the step of baking the semi-finished products comprises a step of exposure thereof to a hot gas consisting of hot air and superheated steam, blown directly on the semi-finished products by means of an impingement system; a description is also given of a cookie comprising, in weight per total weight, a dietary fibre content comprised between 1 and 25%, a lipids content comprised between 4 and 23% and a simple sugars content comprised between 8 and 26%.

Abstract: Fat particles useful in food compositions as doughs, methods of preparing the fat particles, method of preparing the food compositions (e.g., doughs) that contain the fat particles, and methods of preparing a baked food product from the food composition, wherein the fat particles contain flavorant salt. These fat particle can be used to prepare dough formulations that meet the desire of being more healthful than previous dough formulations due to a reduced sodium content, optional more healthful fat content (e.g., low trans fats or low saturated fats), or both. Additionally, the fat particles can be conveniently used in commercial or consumer scale dough processing.

Abstract: A process for the production of a shelf-stable bakery product comprising a) preparation of a first batter containing sugar, flour, oils and/or fats etc.; b) emulsification and dosing of the first batter on a baking surface; c) steaming the first batter to form a layer of semi-baked mixture; d) dosing of a filling inside the layer of semi-baked mixture of step c), placed in a baking mold and thus obtaining an open filled semi-finished product; e) preparation of a second batter containing sugar, flour, fats and/or oils etc.; f) emulsification and dosing of the second batter on the open and filled semi-finished product of step d), thus obtaining a covered and filled semi-finished product; g) steam baking the product obtained in step f) to form a baked and filled bakery product; h) cooling; and i) packaging.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a poultry carcass includes a first assembly with parallel guide plates opposite a second assembly with parallel guide plates. The assemblies include a cutting element presenting an edge extending beyond a bottom edge of the guide plates. A bracket secures the cutting element to the guide plate allowing adjustment of the cutting edge. The carcass is advanced into engagement with the apparatus whereby the cutting edges cut the connective tissue between the leg and back. A bracket leading edge prevents tissue from being driven between the cutting element and guide plate. The cutting edge can extend further from the bottom edge of the guide plates at the heel than at the point. Manual processing of the carcass includes: cutting tissue between the leg and back; and separating the leg from the back wherein muscle tissue connecting the leg and the back remain intact.

Abstract: Meat processing equipment is disclosed that includes a first element having a first face; a second element having a second face. The first and second faces extend parallel to one another and define a common plane between the first and second faces. The first and second elements are relatively movable with respect to one another. Yieldable arresting features are included for yieldably arresting the first and second elements in at least one predetermined position of relative movement, the yieldable arresting features include cooperating first and second permanent magnets, associated with at least one of the first and second elements.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a production method for a natural-extract beverage which is coffee extraction or the like using electrolytically reduced water, wherein the oxidation-reduction potential of the extract is negative. [Solution] A method for producing a natural-extract beverage by making coffee or tea with electrolytically reduced hot water containing dissolved hydrogen molecules, comprising making coffee or tea that an oxidation-reduction potential of the extract is made to be 0 mV or less by at least one means that suppresses volatilization of dissolved molecular hydrogen, wherein the at least one means are selected from the group consisting of: means of using electrolytically reduced water obtained by electrolysis of heated source water, means of performing the extraction under high pressure in a sealed container, and means of adding to the electrolytically reduced water at least one dissolved-hydrogen stabilizing agent selected from polysaccharides and/or polyphenols.

Abstract: The apparatus (100) includes a die head (118) for extruding a main comestible material to form an extrudate body. A plurality of nozzles (160, FIG. 7) is located within the die head for introducing a comestible fluid into the extrudate body to form a plurality of filled capillaries. A control system (182) is capable of selectively connecting at least one of the nozzles to any one of at least two different fluid filling sources (150A, 15 OB). The control system may be capable of connecting each of the nozzles independently to different fluid sources or the nozzles may be arranged into two or more groups of flu idly interconnected nozzles that can each be independently switched between different fluid sources. The apparatus can be used to form products in which the fillings in the capillaries are varied or in which an image is formed in cross section. The apparatus can also be used to switch production between products having different fillings without stopping extrusion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of isolated polypeptides having protease activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides in animal feed and detergents. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides in e.g. animal feed and detergents.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a press configured to compress at least a portion of a food item to deform the food item and form a flattened food product. The press includes a movable portion and a lift arm pivotally attached to the movable portion, where the lift arm is configured to raise or lower the movable portion. The movable portion includes a punch projecting from the movable portion. The punch is configured, when the movable portion is moved by the lift arm, to reshape the food item such that the flattened food product has at least a flattened central portion.

Abstract: Compositions comprising cellulosic polymers and natural honey that display reduced instability due to the presence of a chelant that inhibits the activity of naturally occurring cellulases are described. Methods of treating natural honey to inhibit cellulase activity comprising mixing the natural honey with a chelant and optionally heating the mixture are provided. Flavor compositions consisting of natural honey and a chelant, optionally in a carrier are further described.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of fructan-containing particles, wherein the D50 of the fructan-containing particles lies between 2 ?m and 50 ?m and the solids content of the aqueous dispersion lies between 61 wt. % and 80 wt. %. Also described is a process for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of fructan-containing particles comprising: bringing fructan and water together to form a mixture; optionally hydrolyzing a portion of the fructans in the mixture, such that at the end of this step between 5 wt. % and 25 wt. % of all fructans in the mixture are essentially non-soluble at room temperature; optionally bring the mixture into contact with a purification agent, followed by removal of the purification agent from the mixture; and concentrating the mixture such that the solids content lies between 61 and 80%.

Abstract: A process used for the depth thermal treatment in maize for producing High Performance Integral Nixtamal, a process for treating maize under conditions different from known ones and by which a new product can be manufactured which has been called High Performance Integral Nixtamal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sweetener composition, in particular having a reduced physiological calorific value (energy content), preferably for sweetening food, wherein the sweetener composition contains a combination of at least one sweetener and at least one water-soluble, bulk substance, and to the use of said sweetener composition.

Abstract: An extract of Citrus depressa, preferably a water and/or organic solvent extract of a fruit of leaf of Citrus depressa, a supercritical extract of a fruit of leaf of Citrus depressa, or a subcritical extract of a fruit of leaf of Citrus depressa, which comprise 0.3 mass % or more of a polymethoxyflavonoid more than in terms of solid matter, for example, an extract of Citrus depressa comprising 0.2 mass % or more of nobiletin and/or 0.1 mass % or more of tangeretin in terms of solid matter, or a polymethoxyflavonoid such as nobiletin or tangeretin is used as an active ingredient of an IGF-1 production-promoting agent.

Abstract: A method to prepare and dispense a N2 or N2/CO2 gas infused chilled beverage is provided. The gas infused beverage is obtained by mixing a beverage concentrate with N2 or N2/CO2 gas infused water under positive pressure and dispensing the prepared beverage through a slow pour faucet. The beverage may be any non-carbonated liquid and in one embodiment the beverage is coffee. The dispensed N2 or N2/CO2 gas infused chilled coffee has a unique appearance and enhanced flavor and aroma.

Abstract: A food dehydrator includes a housing, a blower member, and a plurality of food trays. The housing has an air intake port, a rear chamber disposed downstream of the air intake port, and a front chamber which is disposed downstream of the rear chamber and which has a plurality of dehydration sub-chambers for the food trays to be removably and respectively disposed therein. The blower member is disposed upstream of the air intake port for introducing air into the rear chamber. Each of the food trays is configured to permit the introduced air, which flows through an internal port of a corresponding one of the dehydration sub-chambers, to pass therethrough and leave through an outlet port of the corresponding one of the dehydration sub-chambers.

Abstract: A compression system includes a compression device and a controller. A treated material is pressed longitudinally through a compression chamber by simultaneously applying a lateral pressure and a two-dimensional cross-section compression which includes a pressure applied in a direction traverse to a direction of transport and a pressure applied in a direction parallel to the direction of transport. The controller controls the two-dimensional cross-section compression applied to the treated material such that, during compression, liquids in the treated material migrate to the outer surface of the treated material upon reaching the outlet orifice.

Abstract: A nicotine delivery product comprising the reaction product of a nicotine/cation exchange resin complex and an organic polyol; and a method for preparing it comprising (a) mixing an aqueous suspension of a nicotine/cation exchange resin complex with an organic polyol or an aqueous solution thereof, and (b) removing water from the mixture to produce said nicotine delivery product. The nicotine delivery product has a nicotine release rate of at least 80% over a 10 minute period. It is particularly suited for use in smoking substitution devices delivering nicotine such as chewing gum, patches, lozenges, melting tablets and tablets for chewing.

Abstract: The present invention provides moist snuff compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the present invention provides moist snuff compositions comprising grape tissue and a humectant, wherein the grape tissue comprises ground grape skins, ground grape pulp and/or ground grape seeds.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide is provided which utilizes specific supported catalyst particles. The supported catalyst comprises catalyst particles that are supported on particles of an electrically conductive support selected from the group consisting of graphitic carbon and a partially reduced oxide of a transition metal of the Magnéli phase selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The cigarette smoke-filtering device includes a bottom dome that includes at least one inlet port thereon. The at least one inlet port of the bottom dome is adapted to receive a lit cigarette thereon. The bottom dome is attachable to a top dome. The bottom dome and the top dome form an interior cavity that supports a carbon filter and a smoke chamber. The carbon filter is responsible for filtering cigarette smoke delivered from the lit cigarette via the at least one inlet port. The bottom dome includes an outlet that is affixed to a hose that extends there from. The hose is in turn attached to a mouthpiece.

Abstract: A smoking article is formed from two component parts. These parts are a rod comprising an aerosol-forming substrate and a removable cap. The removable cap can be coupled to the rod in two configurations. In a first configuration, the removable cap is coupled to a first end of the rod and a heat source located at or near a second end of the rod heats the aerosol-forming substrate to generate an inhalable aerosol. In a second configuration, the removable cap is coupled to the second end of the rod and at least substantially covers the heat source. The smoking article is arranged in the second configuration for disposal.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette is provided, which comprises a hollow atomizing stem (10), a first conductive ring (20) sleeved at the bottom of the atomizing stem (10) and airproof with the atomizing stem (10), a second conductive ring (30) arranged in the first conductive ring (20) and insulated from it, a conduit (40) held in the atomizing stem (10), with base contacting the first conductive ring (20) tightly, a liquid blocker (70) arranged on the top of the atomizing stem (10), and a cigarette holder (80) arranged on the top of the atomizing stem (10) simultaneously and holding the liquid blocker (70) The inner wall of said atomizing stem (10), the outer wall of said conduit (40), the top of said first conductive ring (20), and the bottom of said liquid blocker (70) together confine a liquid storage chamber (12) for storing tobacco juice.

Abstract: The present application provides an electrical cigarette and a battery assembly thereof, wherein a first charging electrode assembly is arranged at a front end of the battery assembly, such that the battery assembly can be directly inserted into a charger to be charged without removing an atomizing assembly, therefore the operation is more convenient and disadvantages caused by frequent disassembling and assembling may be avoided. In addition, under the action of a charging management circuit, the electrode assembly at the front end can only be charged but cannot discharge, thereby avoiding an occurrence of a short circuit when the charging terminal discharges, extending the service life of the battery, and further avoiding a hidden danger of battery liquid leakage caused by the short circuit. In addition, since the front end of the electronic cigarette can not discharge, a situation that the electronic cigarette still has a low battery even been charged for a long time will not happen.

Abstract: A MEMS vaporizer is described which can be used for electronic cigarettes. The vaporizer mainly composes: a silicon substrate, a micro-channel array, a membrane suspending over the micro-channel array and supported by the silicon substrate, a resistance heater and a resistance temperature sensor are disposed on the membrane. Since the vaporizer is a silicon-based integrated actuator which provides advantages including small size, compact structure, lower power consumption, lower cost, increased reliability, higher precision, and more environmental friendliness.

Abstract: A smoking article may include a cigarette incorporated within an electrically powered aerosol generating device that acts as a holder for that cigarette. The smoking article possesses at least one form of tobacco. The smoking article also possesses a mouth-end piece that is used by the smoker to inhale components of tobacco that are generated by the action of heat upon components of the cigarette. A representative smoking article possesses an outer housing incorporating a source of electrical power (e.g., a battery), a sensing mechanism for powering the device at least during periods of draw, and a heating device (e.g., at least one electrical resistance heating element) for forming a thermally generated aerosol that incorporates components of tobacco. During use, the cigarette is positioned within the device, and after use, the used cigarette is removed from the device and replaced with another cigarette.

Abstract: An exemplary atomizer for an electronic cigarette includes an atomizing sleeve, a liquid chamber sealed in the atomizing sleeve, and an atomizing assembly arranged at a bottom end of the sleeve. The atomizing sleeve defines an air outlet at a top end thereof. The atomizing assembly includes a hollow fixing holder, a transmission component, a seal cover, an elastic element, an air pipe, and a heating component. The seal cover is movable with the transmission component between a first position where a liquid passage is formed between the seal cover and the fixing holder, and a second position where the liquid passage is closed. The elastic element is configured for storing energy when the liquid passage is open, and for driving the transmission component to move downwards and bringing the seal cover to move downwards to close the liquid passage.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette, including an atomizer assembly and a battery assembly. The atomizer assembly includes a silicon mouthpiece, a mouthpiece base, a first sealing ring of the mouthpiece base, a second sealing ring, a glass tube, a shell, a third sealing ring of the shell, a limit cover, a piece of cotton, a pair of transverse heating wires, a heating wire base, a first insulating ring, and a connector. The battery assembly includes a battery connector, a second insulating ring, a button base, a regulation ring, a fourth sealing ring, a carrier, a circuit board, a fixing ring of the circuit board, a steel tube, a button, an electrical core, an anode, an insulating cap, and an electrode base. The atomizer assembly is disposed on the battery assembly, and is in a threaded connection to the battery assembly.

Abstract: Garments, garment systems, and methods of using garments and garments systems useful for warming and protecting the body, especially the upper body. A garment may be a sleeved partial undergarment accessory that may be worn under an outer garment and may be removed without requiring removal of the outer garment. A garment may include first and second tubular sleeves with a continuous front region extending between the sleeves and from a neck opening down to a torso opening, a continuous back region extending between the sleeves and from the neck opening down to the torso opening. The opening extends from and is continuous with a distal-most region of the proximal sleeve openings so that the front region and the back region do not connect to each other around the first and second sleeve openings.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are abdominal-restraint garments comprising an outer garment layer and an inner abdominal-restraint layer. The inner abdominal-restraint layer can be attached to the outer garment layer. In some embodiments, a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge of the inner abdominal-restraint layer are attached to an inner side of the outer garment layer. The top of the inner abdominal-restraint layer can be configured to be even with the front rise of the outer garment layer or extend above the front rise of the outer garment layer. The inner abdominal-restraint layer can be configured to extend across a garment-wearer's abdominal region. In some embodiments, the abdominal-restraint garment is a pair of pants, jeans, a pair of shorts, a skirt, leggings, or tights. Also disclosed herein are methods of assembling the abdominal-restraint garments disclosed herein.

Abstract: Form-fitting athletic garments may provide different elasticity and therefore different amounts of support along different directions. A relatively elastic textile may be used to form a form-fitting compressive garment such as shorts, shirts, leggings, bodysuits, socks, and the like. Stitch lines may be formed in the relatively elastic textile extending in a desired direction using thread(s) and/or stitch construction techniques to provide reduced elasticity along the direction of a stitch line. One or more stitch lines may be formed in a textile to provide enhanced support along the direction of the stitch line(s). An interior textile layer may be adhered the relatively elastic textile layer to contact the wearer's skin and to protect the wearer's skin from stitch lines. An interior textile layer may extend over all or part of the relatively textile layer.