Abstract: A method of making a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) package includes patterning a substrate to form a MEMS section. The method further includes bonding a carrier to a surface of the substrate. The carrier is free of active devices. The carrier includes a carrier bond pad on a surface of the carrier opposite the MEMS section. The carrier bond pad is electrically connected to the MEMS section. The method further includes bonding a wafer bond pad of an active circuit wafer to the carrier bond pad. The bonding of the wafer bond pad to the carrier bond pad includes re-graining the wafer bond pad to form at least one grain boundary extending from the wafer bond pad to the carrier bond pad.

Abstract: A transducer includes a first substrate and an integrated circuit coupled to the first substrate. A sensor is electrically coupled to the integrated circuit and includes a second substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The second substrate has scribe boundaries defining an outer edge of the second substrate and a chamber extending from the first surface towards but not reaching the second surface. A chamber extends from the second surface to meet the chamber from first surface. Scribe trenches in the second surface at the scribe boundaries have a width from the scribe boundary towards the chamber extending from the second surface. A membrane extends over the first surface and over the chamber extending from first surface. A plate extends from the first surface of the second substrate over the membrane.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques for extracting information carried in higher eigenmodes or harmonics of an oscillating cantilever or other oscillating sensors in atomic force microscopy and related MEMs work are described. Similar apparatus and techniques for extracting information from piezoelectric, polymer and other materials using contact resonance with multiple excitation signals are also described.

Abstract: Processes for conversion of methane and ethane into syngas and ethylene are provided. An exemplary process can include providing a reaction mixture of methane, ethane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide and contacting the reaction mixture with a catalyst that includes at least one metal oxide. The processes can be combined processes in which oxidative dry reforming of methane and dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with carbon dioxide and oxygen occur concurrently.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel cost efficient method for carbonizing lignocellulosic material to carbonized particles or agglomerates, preferably carbon powder. Also uses of said particles or agglomerates are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon nanotubes that are excellent in dispersibility and a process for producing the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes according to the present invention each comprise a wall that comprises a parallel portion and a narrowed portion having a tube outer diameter that is not more than 90% of a tube outer diameter of the parallel portion. Thus, the carbon nanotubes are readily dispersible owing to a high abundance ratio of easily-breaking portions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for making carbon nanotube structure. The device includes: an elastic rod including a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; and a controller connected to the first end and the second end respectively, wherein the controller is configured to rotate the elastic rod around a rotational axis which coincides with a center axis of the elastic rod.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube structure, comprising the following steps of: providing a carbon nanotube array formed on a surface of a substrate; drawing a first carbon nanotube film from the carbon nanotube array, wherein the first carbon nanotube film comprises a first end connected to the carbon nanotube array and a second end opposite to the first end; providing an elastic rod and fixing the second end of the first carbon nanotube film to a first portion of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved away from the carbon nanotube array; and rotating the elastic rod around a rotational axis which coincides with a center axis of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved away from the carbon nanotube array during rotation the elastic rod.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube structure, comprising the following steps of providing a carbon nanotube array formed on a surface of a substrate; drawing a first carbon nanotube film from the carbon nanotube array, wherein the first carbon nanotube film comprises a first end connected to the carbon nanotube array and a second end opposite to the first end; providing an elastic rod and fixing the second end of the first carbon nanotube film to a first portion of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved toward the carbon nanotube array; and rotating the elastic rod around a rotational axis which coincides with a center axis of the elastic rod, wherein the elastic rod is curved toward the carbon nanotube array during the rotation of the elastic rod.

Abstract: A suspension of nanodiamond aggregates according to the present invention is a suspension of detonation nanodiamond aggregates. The suspension has such a pH and an electric conductivity as to meet one of conditions (1) and (2) as follows. (1) The suspension has a pH of 4 to 7 and an electric conductivity of 50 ?S/cm or less per weight percent of the solids concentration of the suspension; and (2) the suspension has a pH of 8 to 10.5 and has an electric conductivity of 300 ?S/cm or less per weight percent of the solids concentration of the suspension.

Abstract: A polymerization inhibitor for a silane enables purification of the silane to a high degree because a polymer is not formed even when heating to distill the silane, even when a cyclic silane monomer is present. A high-purity cyclic silane composition is obtained, in particular high-purity cyclopentasilane, that can be polymerized and applied onto a substrate as a coating-type polysilane composition and fired to produce a good silicon thin film with high conductivity. The polymerization inhibitor includes a secondary or tertiary aromatic amine. The aromatic group is a phenyl group or a naphthyl group. The polymerization inhibitor is present in a proportion of 0.01 to 10 mol % per mole of the silane. In the polymerization inhibitor, a boiling point of the aromatic amine is 196° C. or higher.

Abstract: A method of producing a silicon hydride oxide-containing organic solvent (coating solution) is provided with which a silicon hydride oxide coating film can be formed on a substrate. Using the silicon hydride oxide-containing organic solvent makes it unnecessary to place a coating solution in non-oxidizing atmosphere at the time of coating or to heat the substrate after coating because the silicon hydride oxide is formed in the coating solution before it is coated. The method includes blowing an oxygen-containing gas through an organic solvent containing a silicon hydride or a polymer thereof. The silicon hydride oxide may contain a proportion of (residual Si—H groups)/(Si—H groups before oxidation) of 1 to 40 mol %. The silicon hydride can be obtained by reacting a cyclic silane with a hydrogen halide in the presence of an aluminum halide, and reducing the obtained cyclic halosilane.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cerium oxide particles that have excellent heat resistance especially useful for catalysts, functional ceramics, solid electrolyte for fuel cells, polishing, ultraviolet absorbers and the like, and particularly suitable for use as a catalyst or co-catalyst material, for instance in catalysis for purifying vehicle exhaust gas. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing such cerium oxide particles, and a catalyst, such as for purifying exhaust gas, utilizing these cerium oxide particles.

Abstract: Provided is a vanadium oxide film which shows substantially no hysteresis of resistivity changes due to temperature rising/falling, has a low resistivity at room temperature, has a large absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance, and shows semiconductor-like resistance changes in a wide temperature range. In the vanadium oxide film, a portion of the vanadium has been replaced by aluminum and copper, and the amount of substance of aluminum is 10 mol % based on the sum total of the amount of substance of vanadium, the amount of substance of aluminum, and the amount of substance of copper. This vanadium oxide film has a low resistivity, has a large absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance, and shows substantially no hysteresis of resistivity changes due to temperature rising/falling.

Abstract: A downcomer apparatus for use in a multi-stage bubble column humidifier. The humidifier comprises at least a first, second and third stage, wherein each of said stages includes an inlet, an outlet and a chamber defined by said stage, in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. In the humidifier, a heated liquid fluid stream flowing downwardly exchanges mass and heat with a cooler carrier gas stream flowing upwardly through the bubble column. A bubble generator comprising a perforated plate, or sparger, passes the carrier gas, such as air, from a lower chamber to form bubbles in a fluid, such as water, forming a bath on an upper chamber. An off-set arrangement of downcomer apparatuses, wherein said apparatus comprises a funnel, a watergate, and a downcomer, is used to prevent a recirculation of humid bubbles from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, thus preventing the air stream from circumventing the bubble generator in the form of the humid bubbles.

Abstract: A filter system for filtering a fluid stream is disclosed herein. The filter system includes a first fluid passage, a first chamber, a second chamber, an adsorbing media, and a second fluid passage. The first fluid passage is arranged such that a fluid stream can flow through the first fluid passage and into the filter system. The first chamber is arranged to hold suspended or dissolved solids, pollutants, and nutrients that are filtered from the fluid stream. The second chamber is positioned above the first chamber and in fluid communication with the first chamber. The adsorbing media is positioned in the second chamber. The second fluid passage is arranged such that filtered fluid from the fluid stream can flow out of the filtering system through the second fluid passage.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for sanitizing and/or regenerating porous filter media using dissolved ozone in the filter backwash under fluidized conditions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing desalinated water are disclosed herein. In embodiments, a method may comprise adding superabsorbent polymer to salt water to form a mixture of hydrogel and brine; and extracting desalinated water from the mixture of hydrogel and brine. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reducing the concentration of aluminum and nickel cations in a brine comprising aluminum and nickel cations. The treated brine can be used as a feedstock to membrane cell chlor-alkali process.

Abstract: A reactor for water splitting or water treatment includes a first electrode, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a proton exchange membrane separating the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first optical fiber coated with a photocatalytic material.

Abstract: Wastewater containing scale components, organic substances, inorganic ions, and the like, such as human effluent, generated in a closed system space, such as a nuclear shelter, a hazardous shelter, a space station or a moon-Mars mission manned spacecraft, or a lunar base is efficiently treated by a simple structural apparatus, so that water is recovered. After a hardness component is removed from water to be treated, such as human effluent, by a softening device, and heat exchange is performed between softening treated water and electrolysis treated water by a heat exchanger, by a high-temperature and high-pressure electrolysis device, organic substances, urea, ammonia, and the like are removed by electrolysis performed under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. After the electrolysis treated water is processed by a deaeration treatment using a deaeration membrane device, a desalting treatment is performed by acid/alkali manufacturing electrodialysis devices and provided in series at two stages.

Abstract: Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of reducing microbial concentrations in water with a peracid disinfectant. The method can include the steps of measuring the quality of the water in real-time and dosing the water with a first dose of a peracid disinfectant; measuring the peracid disinfectant demand; and adding one or more subsequent doses of the peracid disinfectant. The subsequent peracid disinfectant dose can be controlled by a processor-based controller based on peracid disinfectant demand.

Abstract: Methods of modifying renewable protein sources and uses thereof are provided. In some embodiments, renewable protein sources can be modified to become a flocculant and/or coagulant through the use of a hydrolysis process. Further modifications can be performed in order to enhance the flocculant/coagulant ability of the modified protein material. Such modified protein material can be used to coagulate and/or flocculate waste water colloidal suspensions, either alone or in combination with a coagulant, by mixing the modified protein material with waste water colloidal suspensions to create a mixture and allowing mixture to settle. In some embodiments, the waste water colloidal suspension can be mature fine tailings (MFT).

Abstract: Techniques for controlled aeration (140) of wastewater (190) include determining a first aeration intensity for a first aeration interval and a different second aeration intensity for a second aeration interval (225) based on a current energy price (215), a predicted energy price (221), and a regulatory surveillance period (201) during which a regulated critical parameter is monitored for regulatory compliance. Wastewater is aerated at the first aeration intensity for the first aeration interval; and at the second aeration intensity for the second aeration interval. The first aeration interval is short compared to the regulatory surveillance period, the second aeration interval is short compared to the regulatory surveillance period and does not overlap the first aeration interval, and the first aeration intensity is less than the second aeration intensity.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprising a first reactor and a second reactor arranged to be placed in series in a body of water, the first and/or second reactor comprising at least one cell for housing biomedia. A mid-settling zone is provided between the first and second reactors for separating solids in the water. A method of treating water, the method comprising passing water to be treated through a first reactor and then a second reactor arranged in series in a body of water, the first and/or second reactors comprising at least one cell for housing biomedia, wherein the water is passed through a mid-settling zone between the first and second reactors before passing through the second reactor.

Abstract: A biological reactor system treats concentrated contaminated water with a combination of upflow and downflow bioreactors that are downstream from a reverse osmosis or other concentrator. The system may have a fail safe configuration where flush water may be introduced to the reactors in the event of a power failure or when taking the reactors offline. Many reverse osmosis systems introduce antiscalant treatments upstream so that the reverse osmosis filters do not scale. However, such treatments result in superconcentrated conditions of the antiscalants in the contaminated water processed by the bioreactors. A flushing system may deconcentrate the bioreactors to prevent the antiscalants from precipitating and fouling the bioreactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of degradation with hyperthermophilic organisms, and in particular to the use of hyperthermophilic degradation to produce heat from a biomass. In some embodiments, a biomass is fermented in the presence of hyperthermophilic organisms to produce heat. The heat is used to heat a liquid which is used directly in a heat pump or radiant heat or to produce electricity or drive a steam turbine.

Abstract: A multi-stage submerged membrane distillation water treatment apparatus including: a plurality of raw water tanks arranged in multiple stages ranging from a first stage to an n-th stage and storing raw water, the raw water flowing sequentially from the first stage to the n-th stage; membrane distillation (MD) modules submerged in the respective raw water tanks and discharging a portion of the raw water as vapor; heat exchangers submerged in the respective raw water tanks and maintaining the raw water at a predetermined temperature by performing heat exchange between the raw water and vapor supplied from the respective previous-stage MD modules; a vapor generator generating and supplying high-temperature vapor to the first-stage heat exchanger; a condenser condensing vapor supplied by the n-th-stage MD module; and a raw water feeder feeding low-temperature raw water to the first-stage raw water tank via the condenser.

Abstract: This Adaptive Catalytic Technology (ACT) water treatment invention uses a series of integrated sequential modular advanced technologies to treat and eliminate or reduce suspended solids, hardness, heavy metals, organic compounds and microorganisms and to provide good tasting chlorine-free sanitized drinking water. The advanced technologies used herein are specifically designed to provide synergistic benefits that minimizes power consumption while improving the overall treatment effectiveness, making it possible to provide a cost effective and sustainable ACT water treatment for point of use drinking water supply for remote or developing areas, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The advanced technologies employed are environmentally friendly and safe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of organic matter, in particular sewage sludge, comprising the following steps: The organic matter is first thickened to increase the solids concentration. The thickened organic matter is supplied directly into a digester. The organic matter is then removed from the digester by way of a recirculation line, thermally treated and returned to the digester. The invention further relates to a device for the treatment of organic matter, in particular sewage sludge, comprising a digester, a thickener and a recirculation line, where the thickener is arranged upstream of the digester, and the recirculation line is designed to supply organic matter from the digester directly to the thermal treatment device, and to return the treated organic matter to the digester.

Abstract: Forehearth constructions are described in which means are provided to heat the sides of the stream of molten glass (27) passing along the forehearth from a glass-making furnace to one or more molten glass outlets by way of flames emerging from a series of substantially horizontal slots. The slots are located in the side walls of the channel above the level of the molten glass surface when the forehearth is operating, and the ribbon of flame provides improved heat transfer to the molten glass stream. Burner blocks are disclosed for use in constructing a forehearth of this type, each consisting of a block of refractory material having an internal cavity (3) of generally wedge-shaped construction and having an elongated outlet in. the form of a slot (4) in the face of the block. A combustible gaseous mixture, or the components to form a combustible gaseous mixture, are fed into the cavity remote from the slot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a particle filter (F) for a glass forming machine operating according to a blow-and-blow process or according to a press-and-blow process, said particle filter (F) is adapted for placing in at least an air channel (14a) serving pressurized air for counter blow (5) of a parison (P) in a blank mold (2) forming station of said glass forming machine, and/or an air channel (14b, 20) serving pressurized air for final blow (11) and/or for finish cooling (21) of a glass container (12) made of said parison (P) in a finish mold (8) station of said glass forming machine, said particle filter (F) comprising a surface filter as a main filter media (MF) and said particle filter (F), if placed in at least said air channel (14a) serving pressurized air for counter blow (5) of said parison (P) in said blank mold (2) forming station of said glass forming machine, and/or said air channel (14b, 20) serving pressurized air for final blow (11) and/or for finish cooling (21) of said glass container

Abstract: A method for controlling a process of cooling a number of glass molds with a cooling medium in a process of producing glass bodies, wherein a production section of the section machine is respectively assigned at least one of the glass molds, and, for cooling the number of glass molds, the cooling medium is supplied on a jointly shared basis, wherein the supplying of the shared cooling medium for the number of glass molds is jointly controlled and the shared cooling medium is assigned a number of absolute cooling medium parameters and the absolute cooling medium parameters are determined as cooling medium parameters that are shared by the number of glass molds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an energy-saving plate and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A method for cutting a transparent brittle material using pulsed laser-radiation is disclosed. A beam of pulsed laser-radiation having an optical-axis is focused in the material by a variable-focus lens or mirror. The focus is translated along the optical-axis while the material is moved with respect to the beam to create an array of defects along a cutting path.

Abstract: A method is disclosed, for removal of tin deposits from a glass substrate during a float glass manufacturing process. An acidic gas, such as hydrogen fluoride, is delivered to the substrate surface using chemical vapour deposition apparatus.

Abstract: A coated article is provided with at least one infrared (IR) reflecting layer. The IR reflecting layer may be of silver or the like. In certain example embodiments, a titanium oxide layer is provided over the IR reflecting layer, and it has been found that this surprisingly results in an IR reflecting layer with a lower specific resistivity (SR) thereby permitting thermal properties of the coated article to be improved.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass having enhanced surface strength and bending strength. The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a compressive stress layer formed on a surface layer thereof by an ion exchange method, in which a straight line obtained by a linear approximation of a hydrogen concentration Y in a region of a depth X from an outermost surface of the glass satisfies a specific relational equation (I) in X=0.1 to 0.4 (?m), and an edge surface connecting main surfaces on a front side and a back side of the glass has a skewness (Rsk) measured based on JIS B0601 (2001) being ?1.3 or more.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass that can effectively suppress strength of a glass from being deteriorated even though performing chemical strengthening and has high transmittance (that is, low reflectivity). The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a compressive stress layer formed on a surface layer thereof by an ion exchange method, in which the glass contains sodium and boron, and has a delta transmittance being +0.1% or more, and in which a straight line obtained by a linear approximation of a hydrogen concentration Y in a region of a depth X from an outermost surface of the glass satisfies a specific relational equation in X=0.1 to 0.4 (?m).

Abstract: A strengthened glass plate includes: a first functional layer that is provided in a first main surface of the strengthened glass plate; and a second functional layer that is provided in a second main surface of the strengthened glass plate. When a stress in a tensile stress layer is designated as CT, the following relation regarding the CT is satisfied: CT>0.8×[?38.7×ln(t/1000)+48.2], where t is a plate thickness [?m], CS is a compressive stress [MPa] in an outermost surface, and DOL is a depth [?m] from a glass surface to a point where the compressive stress reaches zero in a thickness direction.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a base formulation which serves to form a final product intended for the repair, maintenance or rehabilitation of concrete structures. Primarily, the base formulation contains cement in a percentage of 35% to 45% by weight of the final product. The base formulation also possesses amorphous glass in a proportion of 20% to 30% by weight of the final product, in ground from common glass, recycled glass or soda-lime glass. Finally, the base formulation may further possess solid quartz microspheres in a proportion of 10% to 20% by weight of the final product. This provides the final product with many desirable properties, such as high mechanical strength; high chemical resistance; easier application; easier ability to polish; prevents cold seals, leaving the final product thermally and dimensionally stable, among other desirable properties. The final products may include concrete correctors, waterproofing agents, coatings, among others.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to a batch for producing an unshaped refractory ceramic product, to a method for producing a fired refractory ceramic product, to a fired refractory ceramic product and to the use of an unshaped refractory ceramic product.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains: a first component which is a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; a second component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc2<Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; and a third component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition similar to the second component, has a Curie temperature Tc3?Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide that has a perovskite-type structure and is different from the second component. When a molar ratio of the third component to the sum of the second component and the third component is ? and ?×Tc3+(1??)×Tc2 is Tc4, |Tc4?Tc2|?50° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a high strength, small grain size ceramic having a trans-granular fracture mode by rapid densification of a green body and subsequent cooling of the densified ceramic. The ceramic may include dislocations, defects, dopants, and/or secondary phases that are formed as a result of the process and resulting in stress fields capable of redirecting or arresting cracks within the material. This ceramic can maintain transparency from ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared.

Abstract: The disclosure describes techniques for infiltrating a porous preform with a slurry to form an infiltrated-preform, where the slurry includes a plurality of solid particles, where the plurality of solid particles include a plurality of fine ceramic particles defining an average fine particle diameter, a plurality of coarse ceramic particles defining an average coarse particle diameter, and a plurality of diamond particles, where the average fine particle diameter is less than the average coarse particle diameter, and infiltrating the infiltrated-preform with a molten metal infiltrant to form a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) article.

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb filter comprising a ceramic honeycomb structure having pluralities of flow paths partitioned by porous cordierite cell walls, and plugs formed in predetermined flow paths of the ceramic honeycomb structure; the plugs being formed by ceramic particles and an amorphous oxide matrix existing between the ceramic particles; in a cross section of the plugs, an area ratio A1 of the amorphous oxide matrix in a longitudinal range of ?×t from one end, and an area ratio A2 of the amorphous oxide matrix in a longitudinal range of ?×t from the other end meeting the relation of ½?A1/A2?2, wherein t represents the length of the plug in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plug.

Abstract: The disclosure describes techniques for infiltrating a CMC substrate with a first slurry to at least partially fill at least some inner spaces of the CMC substrate, where the first slurry comprises first solid particles, drying the first slurry to form an infiltrated CMC including the first solid particles, depositing a second slurry including a carrier material and second solid particles on a surface of the infiltrated CMC, where the second solid particles comprise a plurality of fine ceramic particles, a plurality of coarse ceramic particles, and a plurality of diamond particles, drying the second slurry to form an article having an outer surface layer comprising the second solid particles on the infiltrated CMC, and infiltrating the article with a molten infiltrant to form a composite article.

Abstract: A building assembly can include a substrate and a water barrier coating film. The water barrier coating film can include a thermoplastic polymer and microporous particles, such as microporous glass beads. The water barrier coating film can provide a good protection towards liquid water but may allow water vapor flow from the substrate through the coating film. The water vapor permeability of the water barrier coating film can be at least 2 US perms as tested according to ASTM E96 (2014) at 21° C. and 50% average relative humidity.