Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an SBR composition for a torsional damper in which the SBR composition has a good physical property balance of high load-bearing properties, low CS properties, and the kneadability and roll processability of a rubber material, and to provide a torsional damper. The object is achieved in such a manner that the SBR composition for the torsional damper comprises at least:(a) an SBR polymer having a combined styrene content of 10 wt % to 50 wt %; (b) carbon black comprising FEF grade carbon black and HAF grade carbon black blended at a ratio of FEF:HAF=1:3 to 3:1; (c) a crosslinking system including sulfur, a sulfur-donating compound, and an organic peroxide compound; and (d) a co-crosslinking agent, wherein 60 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the carbon black as total parts by weight of the FEF grade carbon black and the HAF grade carbon black is blended based on 100 parts by weight of the SBR polymer, 0.4 part by weight to 2.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator including: an outer housing member wherein outer peripheral edges of lid members are fixed respectively to opposite axial sides of the outer tubular member; an inner axial member elastically-connected to the outer housing member by plate springs at opposite axial sides thereof such that central portions of the plate springs are attached to the inner axial member, while outer peripheral edges of the plate springs are clamped and fixed between the outer tubular member and the respective lid members; a stator and a mover having electromagnetic oscillation force between them securely-assembled to the outer housing member and the inner axial member; and integrally-formed seal rubber and stopper rubber provided at inner faces of the lid members to seal a fixation part to the outer tubular member and to cushion strike of the inner axial member against the lid members, respectively.

Abstract: A fluid damper device may include a tube-shaped case including a bottom wall, a tube part extended from the bottom wall, and a partitioning protruded part protruded to an inner side from an inner peripheral face of the tube part, and a turning shaft including a body part facing a first end face of the partitioning protruded part, and a flange part which is enlarged from the body part and faces a second end face of the partitioning protruded part, a valve body supported by the body part, and fluid filled within the case. The first end face of the partitioning protruded part is provided with a first rib protruded toward the body part and extended in the axial line direction and a second rib protruded toward the body part and extended in the axial line direction at a position separated in a circumferential direction from the first rib.

Abstract: An adjustable damping valve device has a first adjustable damping valve assembly for a first flow direction and a second adjustable damping valve assembly for a second flow direction. The two damping valve assemblies are adjustable independently from one another, and the first damping valve assembly generates a damping force for only one flow direction and the second damping valve assembly has a minimum cross section through which damping medium can flow in the setting for maximum damping force so that the second damping valve device generates a damping force in both flow directions.

Abstract: A hydraulic buffer assembly for use in a paint gun includes a sealed housing having first and second ends and an interior including a chamber containing a hydraulic fluid. A piston assembly including at least one piston rod and a piston head is axially movable through the interior of the housing, wherein the piston head includes at least one orifice through which hydraulic fluid flows when the piston assembly is moved under load. The buffer assembly is configured to decrease or slow the firing rate of an automatic paint gun.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper for a motor vehicle including a tube having a main section and a narrowed section. A main piston assembly is disposed inside the main section. A main piston rod is attached to the main piston assembly. A secondary rod is coupled with the main piston rod. A spring seat is disposed about the secondary rod. A spring engages the spring seat and preloads the spring seat. A secondary piston is disposed about and coupled with the secondary rod. The secondary piston has an axial projection and an annular projection that abuts the spring seat. The annular projection defines a plurality of axial slots. A retaining member is fixed to the secondary rod and has an outer face defining a plurality of radial slots. A sealing ring is slidably disposed about the axial projection. An annular channel is defined radially between the sealing ring and the axial projection.

Abstract: Torsional vibration dampers (TVDs) having a plurality of spokes that are asymmetric by having a changing spoke thickness in the angular direction with the greatest thickness at the position where the belt torque and the dynamic torque of the TVD act in unison are disclosed. The spokes, which connect a central member to a peripheral rim, include an asymmetrical thickness in an angular direction, as evidenced by a cross-section view transverse to a radial length of each of the plurality of spokes. Engine systems having one of the disclosed TVDs mounted to a shaft are also disclosed, for example a TVD mounted to a crankshaft.

Abstract: A torque converter is provided. The torque converter includes an axially movable turbine piston and a damper assembly fixed to the turbine piston. The damper assembly includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a plurality of fasteners fixing the first cover plate and the second cover plate together such that the second cover plate is spaced from the first cover plate, a first drive flange axially between the first and second cover plates, a second drive flange axially between the first and second cover plates and an elastic element axially between the first and second cover plates. The first cover plate, the second cover plate, the second flange, the fasteners and the elastic element are axially movable with the piston turbine independently of the drive flange.

Abstract: A hybrid module for a motor vehicle power train, including an input side for connecting to an internal combustion engine, an output side for connecting to a drive wheel, an electric drive motor comprising a stator and a rotor and a torque transfer device arranged between the roto and the output side. The transfer device is designed to reduce rotational irregularity.

Abstract: An inertia flywheel assembly and a system thereof are disclosed. The inertia flywheel assembly of the present invention comprises at least one inertia flywheel and at least one transmission member. The inertia flywheel has a flywheel body and an axle core, and the flywheel body could spin via the axle core. The axle core is fixed to the axis of the flywheel body. The at least one transmission member is coupled to the axle core. The flywheel body is an arc-shaped plate, which has a first curved surface and a second curved surface. The tangent planes of the first curved surface and the second curved surface include an angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frictional power transmission belt containing a compression layer having a power transmission surface, at least a part of which is capable of coming into contact with a pulley, in which the compression layer contains a polymer component and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a block lock for connecting two chain ends which comprises two block lock halves which extend in the longitudinal direction and which engage with each other in a positive fit via pins and grooves and lock to form two seating openings, each one to receive a chain link. The seating openings are separated by a crossbar which extends from one of the block lock halves to the opposite block lock half, wherein the block lock halves are coupled so as to rotate about the crossbar and/or on an end of a block lock half, a pin which protrudes in the direction of the opposite block lock half, which engages laterally in one lateral seating groove formed on one end of the opposite block lock half, when carrying out a relative rotational movement of both block lock halves.

Abstract: An actuator assembly having an actuator, a worm gear, a first gear unit, a second gear unit, and a biasing member. The actuator may rotate the worm gear, first gear unit, and second gear unit in first rotational directions while the biasing member may rotate the worm gear, first gear unit, and second gear unit in second rotational directions.

Abstract: A speed reducer includes an input shaft member including a sun rotor arranged to rotate about a central axis; one or more planetary rolling elements each of which is supported to be capable of rotating around the sun rotor; a tubular eccentric shaft including an outer circumferential surface eccentric with respect to the central axis, and arranged to rotate about the central axis along with the rotation of the one or more planetary rolling elements; an eccentric oscillating gear including a plurality of external teeth in an outer circumferential surface thereof, and supported by the eccentric shaft through a first bearing; a housing including internal teeth arranged to mesh with the external teeth of the eccentric oscillating gear in an inner circumferential surface thereof; an output flange arranged to rotate about the central axis together with the eccentric oscillating gear, and including an eccentric oscillating carrier pin arranged to pass through the eccentric oscillating gear in an axial direction; and

Abstract: A powershifting multispeed reversing transmission includes a converter lockup clutch (31) arranged in a space (13) provided by arranging the forward-driving clutch (8) between the fixed gear (5) and the loose gear (7) on a forward-driving shaft, and the reverse-driving clutch (12) between the fixed gear (9) and the loose gear (11) a reverse-driving shaft.

Abstract: A transmission for an opposed-piston engine with two crankshafts includes a crankshaft gear train that combines the torque inputs from the two crankshafts and a gear arrangement coupled to the gear train that is operable to obtain various speed ratios for an output torque drive.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle having an input shaft for receiving torque of an engine; an output shaft for outputting torque; a first planetary gear set including first, second, and third rotation elements; a second planetary gear set including fourth, fifth, and sixth rotation elements; a third planetary gear set including seventh, eighth, and ninth rotation elements; and a fourth planetary gear set including tenth, eleventh, and twelfth rotation elements, improves power delivery performance and fuel economy by achieving at least ten forward speed stages.

Abstract: An automatic transmission, which is configured such that there is no difference of rotation between a third sun gear and an intermediate shaft in a state where a second clutch is brought into a release state and a seventh speed stage is established, is provided. In the automatic transmission, at the time of a gear shift from a tenth speed stage where second and third clutches and a first brake are brought into an engagement state to a seventh speed stage where first, third, and fourth clutches are brought into an engagement state, the fourth clutch is engaged and the first brake is released to establish the seventh speed stage with the second clutch in the engagement state. Then, the first clutch is engaged and the second clutch is released to make transition to the seventh speed stage with the second clutch in the release state.

Abstract: When a third sun gear is fitted into a fitting hole of a clutch drum, external circumferential spline teeth and internal circumferential spline teeth that configure a spline-fitted part start meshing with each other before a tolerance ring comes into contact with the third sun gear and the clutch drum.

Abstract: A clutch that includes a friction plate; a separator plate; a clutch hub; and a piston that presses the friction plate and the separator plate, wherein the clutch hub includes a hub on which an inner peripheral portion of the friction plate or the separator plate is fitted, a tubular shaft that movably supports the piston, and an engagement oil chamber defining wall that together with the piston defines an engagement oil chamber to which an engagement oil pressure is supplied, the hub is spline-fitted on a gear of a planetary gear so as to rotate with the gear, and the tubular shaft is rotatably supported by a central shaft and is fitted by a spigot joint in the gear.

Abstract: A product for applying tension is disclosed. The product may include a block with a first bore opening into to the block. A body may be provided having a second bore substantially larger in diameter than the first bore. The body may be positioned against the block so that the first bore is open to the second bore. The body may have a passage for providing fluid to a pressure chamber from the second bore. The passage may be arranged to open to the second bore and form a tangent to the second bore. Fluid may flow from the first bore to the pressure chamber through the second bore and the passage substantially unimpeded. Fluid flow is impeded from the passage to the first bore as a result of the configuration of the first bore, second bore and passage.

Abstract: A contact guard for a belt drive, in which a filling space formed between two pulleys and the belt is filled by a filling body, which includes two sub-bodies that can be moved relative to one another.

Abstract: A power transmission roller assembly includes a power transmission roller configured to be brought into contact with the driving roller and the driven roller, a pivot shaft fixed to a vehicle body, a pivot arm arranged radially inside of the power transmission roller and pivotally mounted on the pivot shaft, and a roller support bearing rotatably supporting the power transmission roller. A pair of biasing members are mounted to the pivot arm and bias the roller support bearing to a predetermined position between the driving roller and the driven roller such that the abutment force between the driving roller and the power transmission roller is balanced with the abutment force between the driven roller and the power transmission roller. Sliding members are mounted on respective shafts of the biasing members to extend through the sliding members, and frictional forces are generated between the sliding members and the respective shafts.

Abstract: A variator for a mechanical transmission system is disclosed. Transfer means are in rolling contact with input and output members of the variator to transfer rotary motion between them. The input member is coupled to the variator input through a first biasing device arranged to exert a first biasing force on the variator according to a first, input gain which relates input torque acting on the input member and the first biasing force. The output member is coupled to the variator output through a second biasing device arranged to exert a second biasing force on the variator according to a second, output gain which relates output torque acting on the output member and the second biasing force. The first and second biasing forces clamp the variator to provide traction. The first, input gain and second, output gain are different, which, at least in specific variator applications, optimises the traction coefficient.

Abstract: Traction planets and traction rings can be operationally coupled to a planetary gearset to provide a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The CVT can be used in a bicycle. In one embodiment, the CVT is mounted on the frame of the bicycle at a location forward of the rear wheel hub of the bicycle. In one embodiment, the CVT is mounted on and supported by members of the bicycle frame such that the CVT is coaxial with the crankshaft of the bicycle. The crankshaft is configured to drive elements of the planetary gearset, which are configured to operationally drive the traction rings and the traction planets. Inventive component and subassemblies for such a CVT are disclosed. A shifting mechanism includes a plurality of pivot arms arranged to pivot about the centers of the traction planets as a shift pin hub moves axially.

Abstract: A drive cable for actuating a vehicle element which is mobile relative to a vehicle structure, the drive cable having a plastic cable body which has a toothing extending in the axial direction to become engaged with a driving gear wheel and is penetrated by a continuous reinforcement which extends in the axial direction. The toothing is formed by pocket-like recesses which are regularly spaced in the axial direction and are limited by flanks of resulting tooth tips in the longitudinal direction of the cable and by pocket flanks on both sides in the transverse direction of the cable and each of which is limited at the bottom by a tooth root which is penetrated by the continuous reinforcement.

Abstract: A locking mechanism for releasably locking a lock bolt against axial movement, the mechanism comprising an axially moveable member, arranged to move axially with the lock bolt biasing means, arranged to bias the piston towards the lock bolt; rotation means in threaded engagement with the piston such that rotation of the rotation means causes axial movement of the piston, and a solenoid assembly arranged to prevent rotation of said rotation means in a locked state, the solenoid assembly comprising: a solenoid plunger having a solenoid tip and a solenoid arranged to cause movement of the solenoid plunger relative to the rotation means, the solenoid assembly arranged such that in a locked state the solenoid causes the solenoid tip to engage with the rotation means such as to prevent rotation thereof, thus preventing axial movement of the piston.

Abstract: A wave energy conversion system is provided including a pod, multi-radius energy transmission mechanism, and an electrical generating device. The pod is rotatably supported by a platform structure and the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is in mechanical communication with the pod. The multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is configured to transmit a variable torque over a range of motion and is in mechanical communication with the electrical generating device.

Abstract: A tolerance ring is formed in an inner circumference of a clutch drum at a more forward position than a spline-fitted part in a forward direction during assembly of the clutch drum to a third sun gear; thus, the tolerance ring is located closer to an axial end of the clutch drum than to the spline-fitted part. Accordingly, it becomes easier to carry out grooving to form an annular groove for housing the tolerance ring therein in the inner circumference of the clutch drum, and thereby deterioration of machinability is suppressed.

Abstract: A transmission device for a power-driven cutting tool includes a base, a transmission component, a linking component, a shaft component and a link component. The base has a through cavity, a sleeve and a receiving portion. The transmission component is penetratingly disposed in the through cavity, so as to couple the transmission component and the base together. The linking component is penetratingly disposed in the sleeve, so as to couple the linking component and the base together. The shaft component and the link component are disposed in the base. A power source drives the linking component and thereby sequentially drives the shaft component, link component, and transmission component, allowing a cutter of the power-driven cutting tool to undergo reciprocating displacements along a linear path for performing a cutting operation. The transmission device features enhanced structural rigidity, allowing the cutter to move back and forth along a linear track.

Abstract: A torque converter comprising: an axis of rotation; a stator including a side plate having a first radial surface; one of an impeller shell or a turbine shell having a second tapered surface facing the stator side plate first radial surface; a hydrodynamic thrust bearing disposed between the stator side plate and the one of an impeller shell or a turbine shell, and comprising: a thrust surface facing one of the first radial surface or the second tapered surface with a fluid pathway therebetween; a supporting surface opposite the thrust surface and facing the other of the first radial surface or the second tapered surface; and an opening concentric with the axis of rotation; and, a gap between the supporting surface and the other of the first radial surface or the second tapered surface such that the bearing thrust surface is alignable to be parallel with the one of the first radial surface or the second tapered surface.

Abstract: A torque converter is provided. The torque converter includes a damper assembly and a turbine assembly connected to the damper assembly. The turbine assembly includes an axially movable turbine piston, a spacer plate fixed to the turbine piston and a bias spring. The spacer plate retains the bias spring on the turbine piston with a preload force. A method of forming a torque converter is also provided. The method includes providing a bias spring contacting a front cover side surface of a turbine piston; and fixing a spacer plate to the turbine piston such that the spacer plate holds the bias spring against the front cover side surface of the turbine piston.

Abstract: A differential gear mechanism configured for use with a transaxle housing includes a limited-slip differential assembly including a differential casing defining first and second output shaft openings that receive respective first and second axle shafts. A piston is slidably disposed in the differential casing and configured to actuate a clutch assembly. A bolt-on plenum assembly is configured to bolt onto the transaxle housing and includes a plenum assembly housing, a hydraulic coupling and a motor. The plenum assembly housing defines an axle opening configured to receive one of the first and second axle shafts therethrough. The hydraulic coupling can be arranged on the plenum assembly housing at the axle opening. The motor can be mounted on the plenum assembly housing at the axle opening and be configured to pump hydraulic fluid from the bolt-on plenum assembly, through the hydraulic coupling and into the differential casing to act onto the piston.

Abstract: Gear pairing of a transmission with a first gear and with a second gear engaged with the first gear, whereby the first gear, in comparison to the second gear, is manufactured from a material that is less elastic or less soft, and whereby the first gear and the second gear have different normal target base pitches.

Abstract: A torsionally compliant sprocket system includes a first sprocket (250); a second sprocket (230) mounted in side-by-side relation to the first sprocket (250); a resilient member (270) that resiliently couples the second sprocket (230) to the first sprocket (250) to allow limited angular rotation of the second sprocket (230) with respect to the first sprocket (250); and a locking structure (300, 600, 700) that is biased toward an engaged position in which angular motion of the second sprocket (230) with respect to the first sprocket (250) is restrained and moves in response to rotation of the first sprocket (250) to a disengaged position in which angular motion of the second sprocket (230) with respect to the first sprocket (250) is permitted.

Abstract: Provided is a technology whereby leakage of oil from inside a case to outside the case can be suppressed, as a result of including: a motor unit 100; a deceleration unit 200 that, as a result of having oil interposed therein, operates smoothly and decelerates the rotary speed of the motor unit 100; a case 400 that contains the deceleration unit 200; and a ventilation member 500 attached to the case 400 and having a ventilation membrane that captures oil moving from inside the case 400 towards outside the case 400 and also has multiple pores formed therein that permit a gas to flow between the inside and the outside.

Abstract: A method for reducing condensation includes moving a linear motor slider that is positioned within a housing of an actuator. A first gas is pushed out of a transfer plate chamber through a first vent. A second gas is drawn into the transfer plate chamber through a second vent. Moisture is removed from the second gas as the second gas is being drawn into the transfer chamber by passing the second gas through at least one of a hydrophobic or oleophobic material.

Abstract: Methods of producing an assembly, e.g., a bearing assembly, for a vehicle, with reduced thermal expansion in a linear direction as well as methods for minimizing linear thermal expansion in an assembly, are provided. The assembly has at least two components with substantially different linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CLTEs). The assembly has a lightweight planar metal component (e.g., a housing) with a first CLTE, a second component (e.g., a bearing component) having a second CLTE, and a polymeric composite with a third CLTE. The first CLTE is greater than the second CLTE. The third CLTE is less than or equal to the second CLTE, so that the polymeric composite structure attached to the first planar metal component reduces thermal expansion of the first planar metal component in at least one linear direction and minimizes separation of the second surface of the first planar metal component from the second component.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes a transmission, a heat exchanger, and a transmission control unit. The transmission includes: a transmission housing; a transmission pan housed within the transmission housing; transmission fluid contained within the transmission pan; and a transmission fluid conduit configured to circulate the transmission fluid between the transmission pan and within the transmission housing. The heat exchanger is disposed within the transmission housing and has a first surface positioned on the transmission pan and a second surface. The transmission control unit is disposed on and supported by the second surface of the heat exchanger such that the heat exchanger controls the temperature of the transmission control unit.

Abstract: Proposed is a hydraulic supply system in an automatic transmission of a vehicle, said hydraulic supply system having a primary hydraulic circuit (I) for supplying the transmission components, having a secondary hydraulic circuit (II) for lubricating and cooling the transmission components and having at least one pump (P) for generating a supply flow rate in the hydraulic circuits (I, II), wherein a detecting device (E) for detecting the current hydraulic fluid volumetric flow rate in the secondary hydraulic circuit (II) for adjusting a minimum supply flow rate of the pump (P) is provided.

Abstract: A planetary gear drive has needle roller bearings of full roller type as planetary gear bearings for planetary gears. The needle roller bearings have lubrication mechanisms, respectively. Each lubrication mechanism has an annular grease retaining groove. The grease retaining groove is formed on an inner peripheral surface (an outer-race-side raceway surface) of the shaft hole of each planetary gear. Poor lubrication can be prevented from occurring when needle roller bearings of full roller type are employed as the planetary gear bearings.

Abstract: An engagement operation of a dog clutch is carried out while an engagement operation of a second clutch is being carried out, that is, during a situation that an uplock is hard to occur because of a phase shift generated between meshing counterpart members of the dog clutch. Thus, the dog clutch is easily engaged, and it is possible to facilitate preparation for transmission of power through a first power transmission path. If the dog clutch is not engaged, the second clutch is engaged and a second power transmission path is established, so it is possible to start moving a vehicle by transmitting power through the second power transmission path. Thus, when the dog clutch is in a non-engaged state at the time of an N-to-D shift during a stop of the vehicle, it is possible to ensure the startability of the vehicle.

Abstract: A transmission combination includes a hydrostatic transmission and a mechanical transmission having a clutch and a control device for calibrating a grinding point of the clutch. A traction drive includes the transmission combination. A method includes calibrating the clutch.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission system includes a hydraulic motor and at least one proportional control valve and at least one pump connected to the hydraulic motor to provide fluid to operate the hydraulic motor. The at least one pump includes at least one fluid driver having a prime mover and a fluid displacement assembly to be driven by the prime mover such that fluid is transferred from the pump inlet to the pump outlet. The hydrostatic transmission system also includes a controller that establishes at least one of a speed and a torque of the at least one prime mover and concurrently establishes an opening of the at least one proportional control valve to adjust at least one of a flow and a pressure in the hydrostatic transmission system to an operational set point.

Abstract: A hydrostatic traction drive includes a first hydraulic machine that is coupled to a drive unit. The first hydraulic machine is hydraulically arranged in a hydraulic circuit with a second hydraulic machine. The second hydraulic machine has a drive shaft that is connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a lockable differential. The traction drive has a control unit that is configured so as to control at least one measure for traction control as a function of a rotational speed of the second hydraulic machine. The at least one measure includes one or more of a measure for detecting a loss of traction and a measure for overcoming the loss of traction. A method for controlling the traction drive includes eliminating a loss of traction of the traction drive with use of the control unit as a function of the rotational speed of the second hydraulic machine.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a power plant, continuously variable transmission (CVT), drive wheels, sensors, and controller. The CVT achieves a fixed gear/positive engagement and friction drive modes, and includes an input member that receives input torque from the power plant, an output member, and a variator assembly having drive and driven variator pulleys. The pulleys are connected to each other via an endless rotatable drive element, and to a respective one of the input and output members. Pulley actuators change a CVT speed ratio. The controller calculates a relative slip of the pulleys using measured speeds and displacements from the sensors, reduces the relative slip until the relative slip is below a calibrated speed limit or within a calibrated speed range via actuator control signal to the pulley actuators, and commands the fixed gear/positive engagement mode via positive engagement control signals to the CVT until the relative slip reaches zero.

Abstract: A park release system includes a park release handle assembly. The handle assembly comprises a base, a handle pivotally connected to the base, and a lock piece. The handle is pivotable between an open position and a closed position. The lock piece is uniquely designed to selectively lock the handle in open position and to release the handle and allow it to pass back to closed position after the handle is pulled from lock position. The park release system may include a cable connector assembly. The cable connector assembly may comprise a first cable section connectable to a second cable section. The second cable section includes a housing having a slider within a passageway and below a flexible retention beam. The slider is configured to receive and connect to the cable from the first cable section.

Abstract: A method for operating an automatic transmission apparatus having a parking lock device. The parking lock device has a hydraulic apparatus with a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic piston arranged therein, which can be placed in at least two positions by a lock apparatus and an emergency unlock apparatus. The hydraulic piston is operatively connected to a shifting shaft of the parking lock device, and a pressure can be adjusted in the hydraulic cylinder by a hydraulic valve. The shifting shaft can be shifted within an operating position range by the hydraulic apparatus. In doing so, upon activation of the emergency unlock apparatus, the shifting shaft is shifted into a position that is outside of the operating position range, and an operating state of the emergency unlock apparatus is checked.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an indication to a driver of a geared vehicle that the vehicle is not in an optimal gear is disclosed. The method comprises determining a current gear of the vehicle and determining a current speed of a drive unit of the vehicle. An indication is then provided to the driver of the vehicle that the vehicle is not in an optimal gear when: (i) the determined current speed of the drive unit is greater than a predetermined threshold; and (ii) the determined current gear of the vehicle is less than a maximum gear of the vehicle. A method and apparatus is also disclosed for determining a score indicative of the amount of time during a journey on a road network that a geared vehicle is driven in an optimal gear.

Abstract: A closure for a pressure vessel that includes a neck with a groove defined in the inner diameter, and a door assembly that pivots between opened and closed positions. The door assembly includes a door portion sized to be received in an opening of the neck, a guide plate connected to the door portion and rotatable between locked and unlocked positions, a first lock ring segment positioned radially outwardly of the guide plate and a handle. The guide plate includes a first cam path defined therein that receives a cam member of a first lug assembly that extends inwardly from the first lock ring segment. Rotation of the handle (and guide plate) from the unlocked to the locked position moves the first lock ring segment from a locked to an unlocked position. In the locked position, the first lock ring segment is received in the groove of the neck.