Abstract: An ultrasonic forceps comprises a housing, an acoustic assembly, and a tine. The housing joins the acoustic assembly and the tine to the forceps and permits the tine to pivot relative to the acoustic assembly. The acoustic assembly comprises a transducer, a waveguide, and ultrasonic blade, and a waveguide sheath. The transducer is configured to generate ultrasonic vibrations directing the ultrasonic vibrations to the waveguide. The waveguide communicates the ultrasonic vibrations distally to the ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic blade is configured to vibrate in response to the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer. When the tine is pivoted relative to the transducer, the tine is configured to move toward the ultrasonic blade. Tissue may be grasped between the tine and the ultrasonic blade. The tissue may be denatured when the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer vibrate the ultrasonic blade, thus resulting in the tissue being cut and/or sealed.

Abstract: A control system for a surgical robot is disclosed. The control system includes a controller, a sensor, a feedback device, a first socket, and a stand-alone input device. The handheld user interface may control a function of a robotic surgical system and is coupled to the sensor and the controller. The sensor is coupled to the controller. The feedback device is coupled to the controller and is configured to provide feedback associated with the robotic surgical system to a user. The controller is communicatively coupleable to the robotic surgical system and is configured to send robot control signals to the robotic surgical system, to receive feedback signals from the robotic surgical system, and to send feedback control signals to the feedback device to control the feedback provided to the user. The controller is configured to couple to a stand-alone input device through the first socket.

Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical instrument includes an elongated assembly releasably engagable with an ultrasonic transducer and including a waveguide having a blade at a distal end and a torque adapter towards a proximal end. Fixed and movable sleeves are disposed about the waveguide and support and operably couple to a jaw member at the respective distal ends thereof. A drive tube is fixed to the movable sleeve such that translation of the drive tube pivots the jaw member relative to the blade. A torque housing is slidably disposed about the drive tube, longitudinally fixed about the fixed sleeve, and fixedly about the torque adapter. A rotation knob is longitudinally fixed about the torque housing and operably coupled to the torque housing such that the torque housing and the rotation knob cooperate to define a torque wrench inhibit application of additional torque to the waveguide above a torque limit.

Abstract: A skin surgery knife is provided. The skin surgery knife according to current invention has a handle and a blade. The blade has a point, sides, and an edge ground on both of the sides to form a cutting edge. The cutting edge has a section near the handle and another section near the point of the blade. The cutting edge has two different acute cutting angels. The cutting edge angle of the section near the handle is smaller than the cutting edge angle of section near the point of the blade.

Abstract: A medical device includes an expandable-and-contractible member capable of radially expanding and radially contracting, an incising member disposed on an outer circumference of the expandable-and-contractible member and having a hollow portion, a core wire inserted in the hollow portion, a distal tip, and a ring. The core wire is capable of sliding in a longitudinal direction of the medical device as the expandable-and-contractible member expands or contracts. The incising member is therefore not likely to come off upon radial expansion or radial contraction of the expandable-and-contractible member, and is therefore not likely to interfere with the expanding or contracting movement of the expandable-and-contractible member.

Abstract: A device and method is provided to gain access to interior body regions. The system includes a safety needle assembly, a stylet assembly, a blade assembly, an obturator assembly, and a dilator assembly. The safety needle assembly or stylet assembly accesses an interior body region, after which the blade assembly expands the pathway created by the safety needle assembly or stylet assembly. The obturator then further expands the pathway and delivers the dilator assembly to the desired location. The safety needle assembly, obturator assembly, and blade assembly are removed, leaving the dilator assembly in place for future procedures.

Abstract: Disclosed are access devices that can be used to safely guide instruments, such as EP ablation catheters, to a therapy site such one within the pericardial space of the heart. The access devices include integrated visualization, illumination, stabilization, and safety features in a single platform that can, for example, more safely and efficiently identify and ablate several ventricular tachycardia (VT) locations on the left ventricle of the heart.

Abstract: A tissue retractor comprising an outer ring, an inner ring, and a flexible, metal sheath extending therebetween is described. Embodiments of the inner ring comprise a flat or wedge-shaped conformation useful for insertion between muscle layers. Other embodiments of the inner ring include variable diameter inner rings, where the diameter can be adjusted as required and optionally locked into place, and reshapeable inner rings that permit a user to conform the inner ring to the anatomy of the patient when placing the inner ring.

Abstract: Devices and methods that provide minimally-invasive approaches to performing treatments on soft tissue, such as that found in the bladder using various natural access paths such as transvaginal and transurethral. Treatments include the application of energy to nerves found in, under and around the trigone region of the bladder.

Abstract: The present invention addresses rod rotation and slippage inside the tulip rod channel(s), as well as forcible rod bending as the spine and musculature bias towards a deformity, for example. The present invention provides a stabilization rod that, fundamentally, includes at least one flat surface on at least one side of the construct, this flat surface engaging a corresponding flat surface associated with the head body, set screw, or locking cap. Multiple flat surfaces may, of course, be used. The stabilization rod may also include one or more ridges and/or one or more keyed channels that is/are engaged by the head body, set screw, or locking cap.

Abstract: Methods of correcting a spinal deformity, including securing a first rod on a first side of a spine, securing an anchor on a second side of a spine, securing a lateral coupling between the rod and the anchor, translating and/or derotating the spine and securing a second rod on a second side of the spine to provide secondary stabilization to the spine.

Abstract: A device and method for use which stabilizes a target motion segment of the spine without the use of screws or any form of hardware implanted into the vertebrae. By being comprised of modular segments and assembled onto the target motion segment at the time of implantation, it can be provided in kit form designed for each patient. The stabilization apparatus general comprises elements; one is adjustably secured to the posterolateral aspect of the caudal vertebra of the target motion segment, with another element being secured to the base of the spinous process of the cranial vertebra of the target motion segment. These two elements are then coupled to each other by either an elongated rod-like connecting element, or extensions from the two anchoring elements which then couple.

Abstract: A bone anchoring device includes a receiving part including a rod receiving portion with a first end, a second end, and a U-shaped recess for receiving a rod, the recess defining two free legs, and a head receiving portion at the second end for introducing and clamping the head, and a locking ring configured to be arranged around the head receiving portion, the locking ring including an engagement structure for engagement with a tool, the engagement structure defining a width of the locking ring that is greater than a greatest width of the rod receiving portion, wherein the locking ring can assume a locking position exerting a greatest compressive force on the head receiving portion of the receiving part to lock an inserted head, and wherein the locking ring is movable out of the locking position towards the first end of the rod receiving portion.

Abstract: A method of fusing a dysfunctional sacroiliac joint with an additively manufactured joint implant comprising a plurality of openings extending from a top surface into an inner portion of the joint implant via a plurality of channels, and an orifice extending from an exterior surface of the proximal end into the inner portion, wherein the orifice is in fluid communication with the plurality of channels via the inner portion; delivering the joint implant into the sacroiliac joint space through an access region and injecting an amount of biocompatible material at an initial stage of an injection process into the inner portion via the orifice and with a delivery tool; and, at a subsequent stage of the injection process the amount of biocompatible material moves from the inner portion through the plurality of channel via a second path and into the sacroiliac joint space immediately adjacent a top surface.

Abstract: A facet joint replacement system includes an inferior implant with an inferior articular surface, a superior implant with a superior articular surface, and an optional crossbar. The inferior implant and the superior implant are each polyaxially adjustably connected to fixation elements which anchor the implants to adjacent vertebrae. The optional crossbar may be polyaxially adjustably connected to bilateral implants. The system components may be provided in kits which provide components of various sizes and shapes. A set of surgical instruments may facilitate implantation of the facet joint replacement system by providing tools for bone preparation, trialing, implant insertion, implant alignment, and lock-out of modular interconnections.

Abstract: Spinal implants for limiting flexion of the spine are implanted between a superior spinous process and an inferior spinous process or sacrum. The implants include upper straps which are placed over the upper spinous process, while the lower portions of the implant are attached to the adjacent vertebra or sacrum. The attachments may be fixed, for example using screws or other anchors, or may be non-fixed, for example by placing a loop strap through a hole in the spinous process or sacrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spacer device for fixing a band between spinous processes, the spacer device comprising: a band unit which has a certain degree of tension and is disposed between a spinous process and an adjacent spinous process which protrude from the vertebrae, on the outer circumference of the spinous process and on the outer circumference of the adjacent spinous process so as to mutually fix the spinous process and the adjacent spinous process; and a spacer unit which is coupled to the band unit and is disposed in a space between the spinous process and the adjacent spinous process so as to fix the end of the band unit, wherein the spacer unit moves along the band unit from the outside of the body to the inside of the body in a state where the band unit penetrates the spacer unit, and thus the spacer unit is inserted into the space between the spinous process and the adjacent spinous process.

Abstract: Laminoplasty methods for the treatment of spinal stenosis are disclosed, as well as surgical instruments and a surgical implant related to these methods. One of the surgical instruments is a scalpel for minimally invasive surgical procedure, including a longitudinal shaft, a grip and a dissector. Another instrument is an osteotome including two jaws being pivotable around a first axis and facing each other. The surgical implant is useful for stabilizing a lamina of a vertebra of a patient and comprises a mounting flange including a hole for accommodating a bone screw for attachment to an articular process of the vertebra, and three clamping flanges.

Abstract: A multi-stage minimally invasive surgical procedure and associated instruments are disclosed. First, the surgical site is prepared. After preparation, the bone screws or anchors are attached to the bone. Subsequent to insertion of the screws, a rod or connecting member is positioned within the yoke portion of the bone screw. Caps are then placed in a pre-lock position within the yokes. The bone screws may be compressed together or distracted along the rod or connecting member, thereby setting the final spacing of the bones or bone segments. Finally the caps are moved to a final lock position to fix the screws to the rod or connecting member to maintain the bones in position relative to each other.

Abstract: A rotation shaft includes a body, a threaded rod, an anvil, a linkage, and a biasing member. The body includes a threaded portion disposed along an inner surface of a longitudinal throughhole. The threaded rod includes a distal end, the threaded rod configured to engage the threaded portion. The anvil is coupled to the distal end of the threaded rod. The linkage is coupled to the anvil. The biasing member is partially disposed about the linkage distal of the anvil, wherein rotation of the threaded rod translates into linear movement of the linkage relative to the body.

Abstract: An intramedullary device includes a central bridge region having a first end and a second end. The intramedullary device also includes a bone engaging feature at both the first end and the second end. At least one of the bone engaging features includes a first barb and a second barb which, in an unbiased condition, flare outwardly from a longitudinal axis of the central bridge region and which are capable of being elastically constrained to a constrained condition such that the first end of the central bridge region may be advanced into a hole in a first bone fragment when the first barb and second barb are elastically constrained. The first barb and second barb are prevented from being withdrawn from the hole in the first bone fragment when the first barb and the second barb are not constrained. The intramedullary device i) is cannulated, ii) generates a compressive load, and iii) comprises nitinol.

Abstract: A bone plate system may include a combination of one or more of a bone plate, non-locking screws, standard locking screws, and variable-angle locking screws. The bone plate may have threaded holes and non-threaded holes. Variable-angle locking screws may have a threaded shank and a threaded head. The threading on the head may be discontinuous, which allows the variable-angle locking screw to be inserted into a threaded hole on the plate at an angle relative to the axis of the threaded hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for fixing acetabular fractures involving the anterior/posterior column and acetabulum quadrilateral plate and a usage method thereof. The device includes an iliopectineal plate and an trapezoidal plate or a pubic plate. The iliopectineal plate and the pubic plate are integrally bent to match with a medial anatomic structure of an iliopectineal line and a superior pubic ramus. The shape of trapezoidal plate matches with the acetabulur quadrilateral plate, the anterior column and the posterior column to fix the posterior column, an ischium and the acetabulum quadrilateral plate from inside to outside. The device is at the medial surface of the iliopectineal line, which fixes the fragments of the acetabulum quadrilateral plate in an opposite direction and fixes the acetabular fracture stably for improving the quality of reduction and fixation.

Abstract: Various exemplary methods, systems, and devices for blood flow are provided. In general, an implant can be configured to be implanted in bone and to delay clotting of blood flowing from the bone. The implant can include an anti-coagulation agent to delay the clotting of the blood. The anti-coagulation agent can be a coating on the implant, can be natural to a material forming the implant, or can be impregnated into a material forming the implant. In an exemplary embodiment, the implant is implanted in a bone in a surgical procedure for securing a soft tissue to bone, such as a rotator cuff repair procedure or an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair procedure.

Abstract: The secured guiding device for positioning and guiding a bone anchoring screw during a surgical procedure according to the present invention, includes a guide pin having a deformable bifid free end which is elastically deformable and consists of two blades having, on the one hand, a first so-called “closed” configuration obtained, for example, by a manual stress so as to position the blades in the prolongation of the longitudinal axis of the guide pin so that the latter can be introduced into a guide tube for its positioning at the surgical site and, on the other hand, a second so-called “open” configuration so as to position the blades in two opposite directions and substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide pin when the blades are outside the guide tube in order to provide a bone support during the positioning of the anchoring screw.

Abstract: A bone screw and a method for manufacturing the same includes a screw thread configuration having one or more grooves cut into a leading face of the thread, a trailing face of the thread, and/or the shaft between the threads. Other implementations include the incorporation of facets into the one or more grooves. The implementation of the one or more grooves increases the surface are of the orthopedic screw and functions to increase in anchoring the bone screw within the bone once inserted therein, and thereby reduce the possibility for the screw backing out after insertion.

Abstract: An expandable implant for treating bone preferably in a minimally invasive manner includes a preferably cylindrical core element extending along a longitudinal axis and preferably a plurality of nestable, expandable sleeves extending along a longitudinal axis for placement radially about the core element. The plurality of nestable sleeves are sequentially insertable over the core element in such a manner that a first nestable sleeve is inserted over the core element and each subsequently inserted nestable sleeve is received between the core element and the previously inserted nestable sleeve such that the insertion of each additional sleeve causes each previously inserted sleeve to outwardly expand.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating uterine disorders by effecting necrosis of the uterine endometrium. The apparatus has a catheter with a bladder which can be inflated with a hot medium. To prevent early inflation of the bladder, the apparatus has an occlusion member arranged between a reservoir which contains the inflation medium and the bladder.

Abstract: Electrosurgery blades including electrosurgery blade assemblies having argon beam capability. The electrosurgery blade includes a non-conductive planar member having opposite planar sides and a sharp cutting tip and a conductive layer located on one or both of the opposing planar sides of the non-conductive layer. In embodiments of the electrosurgery blade assemblies having argon beam capability, the electrosurgery blade assembly includes a non-conductive tube member having a hollow tubular shaped opening and a slot where at least a portion of the conductive layer of the electrosurgery blade is positioned within the slot of the non-conductive tube member.

Abstract: A method of selectively killing cancer cells uses a low-temperature plasma jet device. When cancer cells are simultaneously treated with ATR and PARP-1 inhibitors, followed by synchronization of a circadian rhythm and treatment with low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma, cancer cell death may be maximized about ten-fold or more compared to when treated with existing low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma alone, and thus this method may be usefully used as a future tumor treatment method.

Abstract: A system and method for hyperthermic ablation of cancerous tissue of a human patient is disclosed. A system and method include a vessel that is sized and adapted for receiving the human patient, and a circulation device outside of the vessel for circulating a thermally conductive liquid to and from the vessel, such that the portion of the human patient enclosed in the containment suit is at least partially submerged in the thermally conductive liquid when the human patient is in the vessel. The system and method further include a set of electromagnetic transmission coils at least partially around the vessel for inducing an alternating electromagnetic field around the human patient, the alternating electromagnetic field being directed, via the thermally conductive liquid, to the cancerous tissue that has been provided a conductive nanoparticle, to provide hyperthermic ablation of the cancerous tissue.

Abstract: Tissue ablation systems and methods are provided, wherein a cardiac catheter incorporates a pressure detector for sensing a mechanical force against the distal tip when engaging an ablation site. Responsively to the pressure detector, a controller computes an ablation volume according to relationships between the contact pressure against the site, the power output of an ablator, and the energy application time. A monitor displays a map of the heart which includes a visual indication of the computed ablation volume. The monitor may dynamically display the progress of the ablation by varying the visual indication.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes: a power supply configured to output a DC waveform; a power converter coupled to the power supply and configured to generate a radio frequency waveform based on the DC waveform; an active terminal coupled to the power converter and configured to couple to a first electrosurgical instrument and a second electrosurgical instrument; at least one sensor coupled to the power converter and configured to sense at least one property of the radio frequency waveform; and a controller coupled to the power converter. The controller is configured to: determine a first impedance associated with a first electrosurgical instrument and a second impedance associated with a second electrosurgical instrument based on the at least one property of the radio frequency waveform; and adjust at least one parameter of the radio frequency waveform based on the first impedance and the second impedance.

Abstract: According to one configuration, a controller controls use of multiple medical devices at a medical site. For example, a first medical device at the medical site is operable to perform one or more tissue ablation operations; a second medical device at the medical site is operable to perform non-ablation operations (such as tissue monitoring operations). The controller implements a control sequence to control switching between different operational modes including a first mode and a second mode. The first mode and corresponding first windows of time enable the first medical device to perform an ablation operation; the second mode and corresponding windows of time disable the first medical device from performing the ablation operation so that the second medical device operates without interference from the first medical device performing the ablation operation.

Abstract: A medical treatment device includes a pair of holding members configured to grasp a target part to be connected and dissected in a body tissue. At least one holding member of the pair of holding members includes an energy application portion having a treatment surface configured to contact the target part when the target part is grasped by the pair of holding members to apply energy to the target part. The treatment surface includes a high-output area configured to apply energy to the target part at a first output value for dissecting at least the target part, and a low-output area configured to apply energy to the target part at a second output value smaller than the first output value. The high-output area and the low-output area are provided continuously to each other.

Abstract: A device for radio frequency (RF) skin treatment of skin of a user is provided. The device comprises an active electrode and a return electrode. The device further comprises an RF generator arranged to supply RF energy to the user's skin via the active electrode and the return electrode. The return electrode has a planar skin contact surface extending in a main plane. The active electrode has a skin contact surface with a maximum dimension in a range from 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and a surface area of the planar skin contact surface of the return electrode is at least 5 times larger than a surface area of the skin contact surface of the active electrode. The skin contact surface of the active electrode is arranged in a position at a distance from the main plane, seen in a direction perpendicular to the main plane. The device may be advantageously used, for example, to control the dimensions and shape of a thermal lesion in the user's skin generated by the RF energy.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument connectivity system providing monopolar and bipolar plugs each having a plurality of conductors which allow for use of combination monopolar/bipolar electrosurgical devices with industry standard electrosurgical generator outlets.

Abstract: A surgical cauterizer includes an elongate body member having a tapered distal-end portion terminating at an apex. A cauterizing tip extends from the apex. A hollow passageway is formed in the interior of the elongate body member. Formed in the tapered distal-end portion of the elongate body member is at least one smoke intake port for providing a smoke evacuation pathway between a region proximate the cauterizing tip and the hollow passageway within the elongate body member. A tube connected to an outlet of the hollow passageway may provide a vacuum for evacuating the smoke generated by cauterization. In an embodiment, the elongate body member may include a first and second arms that define a forceps operable between an open position and a closed position.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a single surgical instrument configured to grasp, seal, and/or cut tissue through application of therapeutic energy, and also detect nerves through application of non-therapeutic electrical energy. A medical device may include two jaws at an end effector, used to apply therapeutic energy and to perform surgical procedures. The therapeutic energy may be in the form of ultrasonic vibrations or higher voltage electrosurgical energy. One of the jaws may be configured to cut tissue through application of the blade. In addition, one or both of the two jaws may be configured to apply nontherapeutic energy for nerve stimulation probing. The application of therapeutic energy may be disabled while the nontherapeutic nerve stimulation energy is applied, and vice versa. The nontherapeutic nerve stimulation energy may be applied to the use of one or more probes positioned near one or both of the jaws.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode configuration configured for use with an electrosurgical instrument is provided. A pre-assembled jaw configuration including jaw members including respective first and second electrodes is provided. One or more stop members are positioned on the first electrode. The first and second electrodes are approximated toward one another for contact therebetween so as to form an at least one indentation on the second electrode.

Abstract: An ablation needle assembly includes an outer member, an inner member, and a feedline. The outer member defines a first lumen that receives the inner member therein. The inner member defines a second lumen that receives the feedline therein. The first and second lumens cooperate to circulate fluid about the feedline. Either the inner or outer member has a triangular cross-section.

Abstract: An insertion instrument includes a shaft projecting, by being inserted through a hole of a fixing instrument, from a distal end of the fixing instrument toward a distal side, and a gas supply channel formed in the shaft section and having a jet port, which jets a gas, in a distal portion of the shaft section. The gas is supplied from a proximal side to the distal side toward the jet port in the gas supply channel, and an extension dimension along the longitudinal axis from the jet port toward the proximal side is greater than an extension dimension of the hole of the fixing instrument.

Abstract: An irrigated high density electrode catheter can comprise a catheter shaft. The catheter shaft can include a proximal end and a distal end and can define a catheter shaft longitudinal axis. A flexible tip portion can be located adjacent to the distal end of the catheter shaft. An irrigated coupler can be disposed on the distal end of the catheter shaft and can be configured to discharge fluid over the flexible tip portion.

Abstract: A family of catheter electrode assemblies includes a flexible circuit having a plurality of electrical traces and a substrate; a ring electrode surrounding the flexible circuit and electrically coupled with at least one of the plurality of electrical traces; and an outer covering extending over at least a portion of the electrode. A non-contact electrode mapping catheter includes an outer tubing having a longitudinal axis, a deployment member, and a plurality of splines, at least one of the plurality of splines comprising a flexible circuit including a plurality of electrical traces and a substrate, a ring electrode surrounding the flexible circuit and electrically coupled with at least one of the plurality of electrical traces; and an outer covering extending over at least a portion of the ring electrode. A method of constructing the family of catheter electrode assemblies is also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for achieving thermally-induced renal neuromodulation by intravascular access are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present application, for example, is directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods that incorporate a treatment device comprising an elongated shaft. The elongated shaft is sized and configured to deliver a thermal element to a renal artery via an intravascular path. Thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of thermal energy to heat or cool neural fibers that contribute to renal function, or of vascular structures that feed or perfuse the neural fibers.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for achieving thermally-induced renal neuromodulation by intravascular access are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present application, for example, is directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods that incorporate a treatment device comprising an elongated shaft. The elongated shaft is sized and configured to deliver a thermal element to a renal artery via an intravascular path. Thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of thermal energy to heat or cool neural fibers that contribute to renal function, or of vascular structures that feed or perfuse the neural fibers.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for achieving thermally-induced renal neuromodulation by intravascular access are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present application, for example, is directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods that incorporate a treatment device comprising an elongated shaft. The elongated shaft is sized and configured to deliver a thermal element to a renal artery via an intravascular path. Thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of thermal energy to heat or cool neural fibers that contribute to renal function, or of vascular structures that feed or perfuse the neural fibers.

Abstract: An ablation electrode is mounted on the distal end of a catheter with a first portion inside and a second portion outside the catheter. The second portion is adapted to have a surface that makes maximum contact with a tissue to be ablated, leaving a minimum area not covered by the tissue and potentially exposed to blood. The first portion is adapted to provide an extended surface area for efficient exchange of heat with a coolant flowing inside the catheter. Outlets provided near the area not covered by the tissue in the second portion prevents blood from getting close to or come directly in contact with the area, thereby greatly reducing formation of dangerous blood clots. The minimizing of an electrical circuit through blood greatly reduces wasted power into the electrode so that the efficiently cooled electrode is not burdened. The catheter preferably has multiple electrodes with similar features.

Abstract: A kit for use with a recirculating cooling system includes a bag. The bag includes a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, and a side wall defining a reservoir configured to retain a fluid therein. A first port is defined through the first wall and a second port is defined through the side wall or the second wall. The bag is configured to maximize a temperature differential between a fluid proximate the first port and a fluid proximate the second port. Further, the bag is collapsible.

Abstract: Provided in accordance with the present disclosure is a microwave ablation system including a microwave ablation probe configured to deliver energy to a target volume of tissue during an ablation procedure, at least one temperature sensor configured to determine a temperature of the target volume of tissue at a plurality of points in time during the ablation procedure, and a computing device operably coupled to the microwave ablation probe and the at least one temperature sensor. The computing device includes a processor and a memory storing instructions, which causes the computing device to load a temperature accumulation profile corresponding to the target volume of tissue, and dynamically control the microwave ablation probe in accordance with the temperature of the target volume of tissue at each of the points in time such that the temperature of the target volume of tissue follows the temperature accumulation profile during the ablation procedure.