Abstract: A coded mask apparatus is provided for gamma rays. The apparatus uses nested masks, at least one of which rotates relative to the other.

Abstract: A Disclosed is a long-lifespan in-core instrument having an extended lifespan due to an enhanced combustion lifespan of an emitter. A central tube and an outer sheath tube distanced from the outer circumferential surface of the central tube are provided. Self-powered neutron detectors are placed between the central tube and outer sheath tube. Each self-powered neutron detector includes an emitter of a material having a neutron reaction cross section that is comparatively smaller than that of rhodium. A background detector for compensating for the background noise signal; core exit thermocouples for detecting the core exit temperature; and filler wires filling in the space between the self-powered neutron detectors, background detector and core exit thermocouples are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to determining baseline shift of an electrical signal generated by a photon detector (102) of an X-ray examination device (101). For this purpose, the photon detector comprises a processing unit (103) that is configured to determine a first crossing frequency of a first pulse height threshold by the electrical signal generated by the photon detector. The first pulse height threshold is located at a first edge of a noise peak in the pulse height spectrum of the electrical signal.

Abstract: Described herein is method for the detection of seismic activity using a network of lights, and in particular, street lights (43) arranged over a number of streets (42). Each light includes a control module having the facility for both long- and short-distance communication, the control modules being grouped with other control modules and associated with a group controller to create a short-distance or mesh network. Each control module includes a sensor which is capable of detecting seismic activity and data relating to such activity may be transmitted to a central server via its group controller using long-distance communication. Even if the sensors are relatively inaccurate, the high number of such sensors present in the network makes it possible to detect and analyse the activity using geocoordinate information provided by the control modules at the server.

Abstract: PP and PS seismic data are jointly inverted in a stratigraphic grid, using different time axes for PP and PS reflections. A ratio of PP and of PS waves'travel times inside a same layer cell maintained to be a function of a ratio of a P-wave propagation velocity and of an S-wave propagation velocity therein. Since PP and PS seismic amplitudes and travel times are due to elastic properties of the same structure, they can be inverted at the same time to provide better estimates of these elastic properties.

Abstract: The shape and size of a borehole may be characterized downhole, using measurements of the borehole shape in conjunction with a catalog of shapes against which the measured shape is matched. A unique identifier for the measured borehole shape, and optionally a size parameter, may be transmitted to a surface facility, generally saving bandwidth compared with the transmission of the raw measured borehole-shape data. Alternatively or additionally, downhole measurements may be adjusted based on the measured shape. Additional methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Onshore electromagnetic (EM) reservoir monitoring systems and methods, including a system with a light source producing a light beam and an EM sensor array positioned above ground or buried underground over one or more regions of interest within a subterranean formation, the array coupled to the light source with an optical fiber. An EM sensor modulates the interrogation light beam in response to an EM signal induced into the subterranean formation by an EM source. The system further includes a processor controlling the light source, processing modulated light received from the array, and collecting data with the array to produce EM surveys, each EM survey based on data sets collected at different times. The EM sensor is physically isolated from a surrounding environment. The surveys are combined to produce a time lapse earth model of the regions of interest.

Abstract: A transmission line array is used for explosive/contraband detection using nuclear quadrupole resonance in which the array is driven in-phase with synchrony frequency-swept signals. Each of the balanced transmission lines is fed with a low power swept frequency source and stimulated emissions are picked out with a directional coupler. Location is provided using a cross grid array or a phase detector is used for each balanced line, with phase determining the distance to the sensed substance.

Abstract: The present disclosure introduces an apparatus for downhole measurement of a formation resistivity. The apparatus includes a probe having a button electrode, a first guard electrode insulated from the button electrode, a second guard electrode insulated from the first guard electrode, and a return electrode positioned external to the second guard electrode. The apparatus also includes an electrical source for setting a voltage drop between the second guard electrode and the return electrode, a first impedance (RBOG) electrically coupled between the button electrode and the second guard electrode, and a second impedance (RIGOG) electrically coupled between the first guard electrode and the second guard electrode.

Abstract: Methods and tools for modifying magnetic tilt angle using a magnetically anisotropic material are disclosed. An electromagnetic logging tool includes an antenna coil oriented at a physical tilt angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the tool and a magnetically anisotropic material that modifies a magnetic tilt angle of the coil relative to the physical tilt angle a coil tilted at a physical tilt angle relative to an axis of the tool.

Abstract: An embodiment of an apparatus for estimating properties of an earth formation includes a carrier configured to be deployed in a borehole in the earth formation, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement device including a transmitting assembly configured to emit a pulse sequence into a region of a sedimentary earth formation, a receiving assembly configured to detect NMR signals in response to the pulse sequence, and a processor configured to receive the NMR signals and estimate one or more mechanical properties of the region. The processor is configured to perform calculating a size distribution based on the NMR signals, the size distribution including at least one of a pore size distribution and a grain size distribution in the region, estimating a strength of the region based on the size distribution, and performing one or more aspects of an energy industry operation based on the strength.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system that uses a feedback induction coil to detect NMR signals generated within a substance is described herein. In one embodiment, the NMR system uses the Earth's magnetic field in conjunction with a transmitter coil that applies NMR sequences to a formation. The NMR sequences generate a weak NMR signal within the formation due to the weakness of the Earth's magnetic field. This weak NMR signal is detected using the feedback induction coil.

Abstract: A method for estimating an inverted parameter of a subsurface formation includes measuring a first parameter of the subsurface formation and measuring a second parameter of the subsurface formation. The method further includes defining one or more inversion constraints using the second parameter and inverting with a processor the first parameter to generate the inverted parameter of the subsurface formation using the one or more inversion constraints.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for evaluating an earth formation intersected by a borehole. Apparatus may include at least one radiation detector configured to generate an analog electrical signal responsive to a plurality of radiation events, comprising absorption of incident ionizing radiation at a corresponding energy level, and an ionizing radiation spectrometer configured to convert each analog electrical signal from the at least one radiation detector into a plurality of digital signal pulses corresponding to the radiation events and resolve the plurality of digital signal pulses into radiation count information representative of the radiation events. Spectrometers include an input channel for each detector of the at least one radiation detector comprising an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and configured to convert the analog electrical signal for each detector into the plurality of digital signal pulses; and at least one processor configured to generate the radiation count information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for formation characterization in a subterranean formation are disclosed. A set of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices may be disposed in a circulating fluid. Each MEMS device in the set may have a machine-scannable designator. A MEMS scanner may be configured to scan the designator of a MEMS device in response to circulation of the circulating fluid in a wellbore surrounded by the formation. A MEMS analysis subsystem communicatively coupled with the MEMS scanner may store the designator of each MEMS device in the set, detect a subset of MEMS device by receiving the designators of MEMS devices from the MEMS scanner, and determine a characteristic of the formation based on the subset of MEMS devices.

Abstract: The present application describes a means for utilizing mobile sensors to obtain estimated weather observations for use in enhancing climatological databases. Such mobile sensor data is incorporated into a database also containing data from fixed reference sensors. The mobile sensor weather data is combined statistically to derive pseudo-observations to be added to the database. The data from sensors and from prior pseudo-observations are used to perform quality analysis of the data in the database and invalidate outlier data values. The remaining data is used to generate a climatology database that enables generation of more accurate weather forecasts.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, such as are used for the production of large-scale integrated electrical circuits and other microstructured components. The disclosure relates in particular to coatings of optical elements in order to increase or reduce the reflectivity.

Abstract: A protective film-attached functional sheet includes a protective film bonded to a functional sheet including aromatic polycarbonate sheets and a functional layer sandwiched between the aromatic polycarbonate sheets, the functional layer being a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing film layer, a photochromic layer, or a combination. The protective film is a polyolefin resin film that includes at least two layers: a base layer formed of a polypropylene having a melting point equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate and an adhesive layer on one surface of the base layer and being a resin composition containing a polyolefin rubber and a polyolefin having a melting point lower than the glass transition temperature but equal to or higher than 15° C. lower than the glass transition temperature; or at least three layers: the aforementioned two layers and an intermediate layer between the base layer and the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A hardcoat film including a support and a hardcoat layer, in which the support contains a resin as a main component, a film thickness of the hardcoat layer exceeds 20 ?m, the hardcoat layer contains a structure derived from a compound which has one alicyclic epoxy group and one ethylenically unsaturated double bond group and has a molecular weight equal to or less than 300, and a structure derived from a compound which has 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated double bond groups, a radical polymerization initiator and a cationic polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A laminated light valve film comprising: (a) a film having first and second opposed outer surfaces; (b) a first layer of a polymeric interlayer material upon at least a portion of each opposed outer surface; (c) a first pair of substrates, one of which is adhered to the interlayer material upon the first outer opposed surface of the light valve film and the second is adhered to the interlayer material upon the second outer opposed surface of the light valve film, these substrates being formed from plastic or glass; (d) a second layer of polymeric interlayer material applied to at least a portion of an outer surface of each one of the first pair of substrates; and (e) a second pair of substrates, one being adhered to the interlayer upon the outer surface of one of the first pair of substrates and a second one adhered to the interlayer material on the outer surface of a second one of the first pair of substrates, the second pair of substrates being formed from plastic or glass, with the proviso that when the fi

Abstract: An optical printing positioning system is set forth. The system includes a cavity for retaining an optical surface having an inner surface dimensioned and configured to maintain and to constrain an optical surface disposed therein when the optical surface undergoes a printing process.

Abstract: Provided is a diffusion sheet having a function for preventing warping, and having excellent optical and diffusion characteristics. A diffusion sheet 1 has a minute roughness pattern formed on the surface thereof, the pattern configured such that first protrusions 3a having a first height and second protrusions 3b having a second height lower than the first height are disposed in parallel. A portion of the first protrusions 3a is bonded to a bonding layer on the rear surface of an upper-layer sheet laminated on the surface of a diffusion sheet 2, and the second protrusions 3b are not bonded to said bonding layer. The following relationships are satisfied: h1:h2=1: 0.5-0.1, and w1:w2=1:1.0-0.1, where h1 is the height of the first protrusions 3a, w1 is the width of the first protrusions 3a, h2 is the height of the second protrusions 3b, and w2 is the width of the second protrusions 3b.

Abstract: A diffuse reflection material, a diffuse reflection layer, a wavelength conversion device, and a light source system are disclosed. The diffuse reflection material includes white scattering particles and an adhesive agent, where the whiteness of the white scattering particles is greater than 85, and the white scattering particles contain high reflection scattering particles with a whiteness of greater than 90, high refraction scattering particles with a refractive index of greater than or equal to 2.0, and high thermal conductivity scattering particles, where the high thermal conductivity scattering particles are boron nitrite and/or aluminum nitride particles, and the particle shape of the high thermal conductivity scattering particles is rod-like or flat. The reduction in the thickness of the diffuse reflection layer is realized while keeping a high reflectivity, thus causing the wavelength conversion device to have both a high light efficiency and high heat stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light diffuser (1) comprising a light diffusing element (10), wherein the light diffusing element (10) comprises a flexible translucent material, the light diffuser (1) comprising a first plate (11) and a second plate (13), said first (11) and second (13) plates being rigid and translucent, the light diffusing element (10) being arranged between said first (11) and second (13) plates in such a way that one first face of the light diffusing element (10) is coupled with the first plate (11), and one second face of the light diffusing element (10) is coupled with the second plate (13), at least one of said first or second face comprising a plurality of cavities or excrescences. Such a light diffuser is easily adaptable and can for example be mounted in a luminaire.

Abstract: A display device includes a display and a prism module. The display has a display area and a frame area surrounding the display area. The display area has a plurality of corners. The prism module includes a first prism and a second prism. The first prism is located on an edge area of the display area. The first prism includes a plurality of first corner portions. Each first corner portion is correspondingly arranged in a corner of the display area. Each first corner portion has a first free-form curved surface. The second prism is located on the frame area and is conformally disposed beside the first prism. The second prism includes a plurality of second corner portions. Each second corner portion has a second free-form curved surface. The second free-form curved surface faces the first free-form curved surface. A prism module is also provided.

Abstract: This reflective member comprises a rectangular bottom surface, four inclined planes joined to the four edges of the bottom surface and whereof each is inclined with respect to the bottom surface so as to slope up from the bottom surface, and four planar corner portion inclined planes, whereof each is disposed in such a manner as to link two adjacent inclined planes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a retroreflective material that shows high chroma for incident light with a wide angle, and can change the color tone of reflected light depending on the incident angle of the incident light, and also has reduced unevenness in the color of the reflected light. An open-type retroreflective material in which a transparent resin layer and a reflective layer formed of a transparent metal compound thin film are laminated between a transparent microsphere and a fixing resin layer, and the layer thickness of the transparent resin layer is set to satisfy predetermined conditions, can show high chroma for incident light with a wide angle, and can change the color tone of reflected light depending on the incident angle of the incident light, and can also have reduced color unevenness.

Abstract: Provided are a window film for a display and a display device including the same, and the window film for a display comprises: a substrate layer; a coating layer formed on one side of the substrate layer; and an adhesive layer formed on the other side of the substrate layer, wherein the coating layer and/or the adhesive layer includes, relative to each layer, a UV absorbent of approximately 3 wt % to approximately 20 wt %, and the window film for a display has a transmittance of approximately 1% or less for a wavelength of 390 nm or less.

Abstract: Absorbing layers of a low-emissivity (low-E) coating are designed to cause the coating to have a reduced film side reflectance which is advantageous for aesthetic purposes. In certain embodiments, the absorbing layers are metallic or substantially metallic (e.g., NiCr or NiCrNx) and are positioned in order to reduce or prevent oxidation of the absorbing layers during optional heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering, heat bending, and/or heat strengthening). Coated articles according to certain example embodiments of this invention may be used in the context of insulating glass (IG) window units, other types of windows, etc.

Abstract: A light shielding structure is provided for an electronic device and includes a display device mounted to the electronic device, an outer casing arranged at one side of the display device, a light transmitting portion mounted on the outer casing, an adjustable light-shielding plate arranged between the display device and the light transmitting portion, and an adjusting device set on one side of the adjustable light-shielding plate and operatively coupled thereto. When the display device is activated, light transmits toward the adjustable light-shielding plate. When the adjustable light-shielding plate is in an idle and not operating condition, the light is allowed to transmit through the adjustable light-shielding plate and the light transmitting portion to make light projecting out from the outer casing. Oppositely, the adjusting device may be operated to cause the adjustable light-shielding plate to change color for shielding the light.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display may have an active area that contains pixels and an inactive area. The inactive area of the display may be provided with opaque masking layer structures having an appearance that matches the active area of the display when the pixels are off and are not displaying images. The opaque masking layer structures may include a polymer layer coated with a layer of metal. The display may have pixels with anodes and a cathode layer. The anodes may be formed from metal pads. Dummy structures such as a dummy cathode and dummy anodes may be formed in the inactive area. A circular polarizer in the display may overlap the active area and the inactive area or may overlap the active area without overlapping some or all of the inactive area.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing plate including a base material, an interlayer, an adhesive layer, and a polarizer layer in this order, in which the base material contains at least a resin film and has a thickness of equal to or greater than 120 ?m, the interlayer is a cured layer obtained by curing a thermosetting composition containing a thermally cross-linkable compound in a proportion of equal to or higher than 0.10% by mass with respect to a total amount of solid content of the composition, and a modulus of elasticity Ea of the base material, a modulus of elasticity Eb of the interlayer, and a modulus of elasticity Ec of the adhesive layer satisfy Expression 1: Ea>Eb>Ec. Also provided are a front panel of a display device, a display apparatus, a substrate of a touch panel, a resistive film-type touch panel, and a capacitance-type touch panel.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member which displays an image and a light source which provides light to the display member. The display member includes a base substrate including a front surface, a rear surface, and a plurality of side surfaces which connects the front surface to the rear surface, where the base substrate receives the light through a side surface of the side surfaces and has a first refractive index, a low refractive layer disposed on the front surface and having a second refractive index less than the first refractive index, and an array layer disposed on the low refractive layer and including at least one thin film transistor. The low refractive layer has a predetermined thickness, which is greater than a penetration depth of the light in the low refractive layer.

Abstract: A high-diffusion-coefficient and high-brightness light source generation device comprising: a light source module, an optical fiber bundle and an optical fiber hemisphere emitter, wherein the light source module provides the optical fiber bundle with a plane light source having the same size as an end surface of an incident end thereof, the incident end receives light emitted from the light source module, exit ends transmit the light to the optical fiber hemisphere emitter, the exit ends of the optical fiber bundle arranged on a hemispherical wall of the optical fiber hemisphere emitter in an equal solid angle manner, an end surface of each optical fiber exit end located on the same surface as the inner wall of a hemisphere, a bottom plate arranged above an opening of the optical fiber hemisphere emitter, and an opal glass window arranged at the circle centre position of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, a bottom member including a bottom part facing the display area, a side part extending from the bottom part toward the display panel, and a support part extending from the side part to face a portion of the display area and the non-display area, a plurality of light sources on the bottom part to the display light, and a light guide member between the support part of the bottom member and the display panel to guide the light incident from the plurality of light sources toward the display panel.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting unit comprising a waveguide for providing first light (111) having a first spectral distribution and second light (121) having a second spectral distribution emanating from a waveguide (100) in different directions, wherein the first spectral distribution and second spectral distribution differ. For instance, the first light (111) and the second light (121) have different color temperatures.

Abstract: A directional backlight may include a light guiding apparatus including at least one transparent optical waveguide for providing large area collimated illumination from localized light sources. The waveguide is arranged in a first part and a second part with a light injection aperture between the respective parts. Such controlled illumination may provide for efficient, multi-user autostereoscopic displays as well as improved 2D display functionality including high brightness displays and high display efficiency.

Abstract: A luminaire includes a first waveguide having a first primary light emitting surface directed in a first direction and a first secondary light emitting surface directed in a second direction. A second waveguide having a second primary light emitting surface directed in the second direction and a second secondary light emitting surface directed in the first direction. A first plurality of LEDs are optically coupled to the first waveguide and a second plurality of LEDs are optically coupled to the second waveguide. The first and second waveguides are independently operable. The first and second plurality of LEDs may comprise LED groups where each of the LED groups are independently controllable.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a backlight module including: a back frame comprising a bottom plate having a first insertion hole; a light guide plate carried on the bottom plate; an optical film disposed on the light guide plate and having a second insertion hole; a fixing part comprising an engagement portion and a first insertion portion and a second insertion portion which are respectively disposed at two sides of the engagement portion; wherein, the engagement portion is engaged in a side surface of the light guide plate, the first insertion portion is inserted in the first insertion hole, and the second insertion portion is inserted in the second insertion hole. A liquid crystal display having the backlight module is also disclosed. Through the fixing part to fix and combine the back fame, the light guide plate and the optical film together, the problem of insufficient installation space is solved.

Abstract: An optical member includes: a light guide part having a first refractive index, where a first area and a second area are sequentially defined on an upper surface of the light guide part in a first direction from a side surface of the light guide part; and a first pattern part disposed on the upper surface of the light guide part, having a second refractive index smaller than a first refractive index of the light guide part, where the first pattern part reflects a portion of light incident from the light guide part. A first area ratio of an overlapping portion of the first pattern part with the first area to the first area is greater than a second area ratio of an overlapping portion of the first pattern part with the second area to the second area.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light guide assembly and a vehicle lamp. The light guide assembly includes a light guide having an elongated light guiding portion, and a light guide support, the elongated light guiding portion having an end provided with a positioning device for positioning the light guide on the light guide support. It may improve reliability of positioning the light guide by the positioning device arranged at the end of the elongated light guiding part of the light guide.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed. An electronic device according to the present invention comprises a first body equipped with a display in one side thereof; a coupling opening located in the other side of the first body; a light guide unit located in the coupling opening and transmitting light generated by operation of the display to the other side of the first body; and a second body connected to the first body through a hinge, wherein the light guide unit includes a plate and a convex portion formed on one surface of the plate and corresponding to the shape of the coupling opening. According to the present invention, an electronic device may include a light guide unit capable of transmitting light so as to correspond to the shape of a coupling opening of the body.

Abstract: A multicore fiber is provided. The multicore fiber includes a plurality of cores spaced apart from one another, and a cladding surrounding the plurality of cores and defining a substantially rectangular or cross-sectional shape having four corners. Each corner has a radius of curvature of less than 1000 microns. The multicore fiber may be drawn from a preform in a circular draw furnace in which a ratio of a maximum cross-sectional dimension of the preform to an inside diameter of the preform to an inside diameter of the draw furnace is greater than 0.60. The multicore fiber may have maxima reference surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of optical fiber may include cladding features that include a material (e.g., fluorine-doped silica glass) that may produce a very low relative refractive index difference with respect to cladding material in which the cladding features are disposed. This relative refractive index difference may be characterized by (n1?n2)/n1, where n1 is the index of refraction of the cladding material in which the cladding features are included, and n2 is the index of refraction of the cladding features. In certain embodiments, the relative refractive index difference may be less than about 4.5×10?3. In various embodiments, the configuration of the cladding features including, for example, the size and spacing of the cladding features, can be selected to provide for confinement of the fundamental mode yet leakage for the second mode and higher modes, which may provide mode filtering, single mode propagation, and/or low bend loss.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic optical fiber comprising a core and a sheath consisting of at least one layer, the plastic optical fiber having a transmission loss of 120 dB/km or less as measured by a 25 m-1 m cutback method under conditions of a wavelength of 525 nm and an excitation of NA=0.45, and satisfying either one of the following conditions when a thickness of the innermost sheath layer is 0.5 ?m to 4.5 ?m, an amount of foreign matter having a size of 2 ?m or greater contained in the innermost sheath layer is 2000/cm3 or less, or a size X (?m) of foreign matter contained in the innermost sheath layer and an amount Y of the foreign matter (number/cm3) satisfy formula (1) below: Y?1200 X e(?0.067×X) (1). Such optical fibers have a low transmission loss of green light (in particular, light having a wavelength of 525 nm), enabling longer distance communication.

Abstract: A light shield may be formed in photonic integrated circuit between integrated optical devices of the photonic integrated circuit. The light shield may be built by using materials already present in the photonic integrated circuit, for example the light shield may include metal walls and doped semiconductor regions. Light-emitting or light-sensitive integrated optical devices or modules of a photonic integrated circuit may be constructed with light shields integrally built in.

Abstract: A waveguide having a bi-directional optical transmission structure comprises: a main waveguide which is formed in a preset direction; a branch waveguide which is connected to at least one of both ends of the main waveguide; and a reflector which is placed at an intersection where the branch waveguide and the at least one of both ends of the main waveguide are connected, and which has a different refraction index from the refraction index of the main waveguide and the refraction index of the branch waveguide, wherein the reflector refracts or reflects in different forms the bidirectional light signals for transmission and reception, and thereby directs the light signal for transmission to the main waveguide, and separates the light signal for reception to the branch waveguide.

Abstract: A photonic crystal (PhC) all-optical self-OR-transformation logic gate, which comprises an optical-switch unit (OSU), a PhC structure unit, a reference-light source, a memory or delayer and a D-type flip-flop (DFF); an input port of a delayer is connected with a logic-signal X, and an output port of said delayer is connected with the logic-signal-input port of said OSU; a reference light is connected to the reference-light-input port of said OSU; two intermediate-signal-output ports of said OSU are respectively connected with the two intermediate-signal-input port of said PhC-structure unit; a clock-signal CP is connected to the clock-signal-CP-input port of said OSU and the second clock-signal-input port of said DFF; the signal-output port of said PhC-structure unit is connected with the D-signal input port of said DFF. The structure of the present invention is compact in structure, strong in anti-interference capability and ease in integration with other optical-logic elements.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods of attaching surfaces together. In one aspect, a method includes depositing a first adhesive onto a first surface of a first item, the first adhesive forming a pattern that at least partially surrounds a region of the first surface where there is no first adhesive. A second adhesive is jetted onto the region of the first surface, wherein the second adhesive has a viscosity lower than a viscosity of the first adhesive. The first surface of the first item and a second surface of a second item are brought into contact with one another. The method also includes curing the first and second adhesives. While the methods can be particularly suitable for manufacturing optical light guide elements, the methods also can be used in other contexts and applications as well.