Abstract: A compression device includes at least one pressurizable bladder to substantially occlude blood flow into skin capillary beds adjacent to the at least one pressurizable bladder, and a plurality of perfusion sensors. In operation a first-angiosome sensor detects the perfusion parameter of a skin capillary bed in a first angiosome of the limb, and a second-angiosome sensor detects the perfusion parameter of a skin capillary bed in a second angiosome of the limb that is different from the first angiosome. A control circuit maps sensor signals from the first-angiosome sensor to the first angiosome or a first artery of the limb, and maps sensor signals from the second-angiosome sensor to the second angiosome or a second artery of the limb different from the first artery of the limb. For each perfusion sensor, the control circuit determines whether the received sensor signals are indicative of peripheral artery disease.

Abstract: Electrode systems for use with neuromuscular monitoring systems are provided herein. An example electrode system for use with a monitoring system can include a flexible substrate, a connector interface, one or more stimulating electrodes, one or more recording electrodes and a plurality of conductive traces carried on the flexible substrate. The connector interface can be configured to communicatively connect the electrode system with the monitoring system. In addition, the one or more stimulating electrodes can be configured to deliver an electrical pulse, and the one or more recording electrodes can be configured to receive an electrical signal. The plurality of conductive traces can electrically connect at least one stimulating electrode or at least one recording electrode with the connector interface. Further, each of the one or more stimulating electrodes can have an elongate shape with a length dimension that is substantially greater than a width dimension.

Abstract: A method of predicting substance levels from EEG data is disclosed. The method includes analyzing EEG data to obtain the average power for each of a plurality of predetermined frequency bands and calculating a value from the average powers derived for each frequency band, said value being calculated by combining the average powers for each frequency band by dividing and/or multiplying according to a predetermined order. The method further includes obtaining an estimate of the hormone level from the equation Y=bX+C, where Y is the substance level to be predicted, X is the value and b and C are constants, wherein the substance is selected from hormones, neuro transmitters and bio markers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ECG electrode lead system suitable for use during imaging procedures such as, without limitation, CT scans or MRI and methods of use. In embodiments, the system includes an ECG electrode connector formed from radiolucent materials to enhance performance during imaging procedures by reducing or eliminating shadows on imaging media. In some embodiments, the disclosed connector includes a housing having an opening configured to operably receive an electrode post of an ECG electrode pad, an electrode member having a generally semicircular contact face disposed along at least a part of the perimeter of the opening, and an engagement member having an actuation surface and an engaging face pivotable about a pivot to enable engaging face to move from a first position whereby the engaging face is closer to the contact face and a second position whereby the engaging face is further from the contact face.

Abstract: A method and system for R-R interval measurement of a user are disclosed. In a first aspect, the method comprises detecting an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of the user. The method includes performing QRS peak detection on the ECG signal to obtain a low resolution peak and searching near the low resolution peak for a high resolution peak. The method includes calculating the R-R interval measurement based upon the high resolution peak. In a second aspect, a wireless sensor device comprises a processor and a memory device coupled to the processor, wherein the memory device includes an application that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of the method.

Abstract: Methods and system are provided that identify motion data associated with consistent electrical and mechanical behavior for a region of interest of the heart. The methods and systems acquire electrical cardiac signals indicative of physiologic behavior of at least a portion of the heart over a plurality of cardiac cycles. The methods and systems acquires motion data indicative of mechanical behavior of a motion sensor over the plurality of cardiac cycles to form a motion data collection, the motion data indicative of mechanical behavior of the region of interest when the motion sensor is in contact with the region of interest. The designating ectopic beats within the cardiac cycles may be based on the electrical cardiac signals, the ectopic beats producing electrically inconsistent (EI) data within the motion data collection. The methods and systems identify mechanically inconsistent (MI) data within the motion data collection based on irregular changes in the motion data.

Abstract: A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compression force indicator includes circuitry (20, 26, 28, 30) for monitoring a patient's transthoracic impedance while the patient is being given CPR and generating a corresponding impedance signal, circuitry (32, 34, 36) for processing the impedance signal to provide an ongoing measurement of cardiac hemodynamic output, a microprocessor (24) for determining if the measurement falls outside pre-set limits, and indicator(s) (38) for indicating such determination externally to the person giving the CPR.

Abstract: A mucosal impedance measuring system that is capable of direct and accurate impedance measurements of esophageal mucosa includes example multi-channel intraluminal impedance catheters with inflatable and deflatable components for positioning the impedance sensor electrodes in direct contact with the esophageal mucosa on the inside surface of the esophagus. Impedance measurements from multiple locations in the esophagus are processed for indications of mucosal damage that are indicative of damage due to gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and Barrett's esophagus.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a sensing circuit and a processor. The sensing circuit is configured to generate a sensed physiological signal, wherein the physiological signal includes respiration information of a subject. The processor includes an end expiratory volume (EEV) module configured to determine a value of EEV of the subject using the sensed physiological signal, and a lung hyperinflation detection module configured to generate an indication of lung hyperinflation of the subject according to the value of EEV and provide the indication to at least one of a user or process.

Abstract: A person support apparatus includes one or more thermal image sensors whose outputs are analyzed to perform one or more functions. Such functions include automatically turning on a brake, automatically turning on one or more lights, detecting when a patient associated with the person support apparatus has fallen, enabling a propulsion system of the patient support apparatus to be used, automatically controlling one or more environmental controls, and/or automatically arming an exit detection system after entry of a patient onto the person support apparatus. Multiple thermal images may be generated from multiple sensors to generate stereoscopic thermal images of portions of the person support apparatus and its surroundings.

Abstract: Various limb manipulation and evaluation devices are provided. The devices generally include three drives, namely a first drive configured to manipulate a first bone relative to a second bone in a first direction, a second drive configured to manipulate the first bone relative to the second bone in a second direction, a third drive configured to manipulate the first bone relative to the second bone in a second direction. The three directions are different relative to each other and in some embodiments represent three distinct axes. The devices are further configured such that at least one of the drives is mutually decoupled relative to at least one other drive, such that operation of the one drive does not affect the position or movement of the another drive. One or multiple of the drives may be decoupled. A corresponding method of operating such decoupled drives is also provided.

Abstract: A method and device for determining the concentration of blood constituents, in particular haemoglobin, in a hose line of an extracorporeal blood circuit of an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus, and an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus with a device for determining the concentration of a blood constituent, are based on the correction of the influence of the blood flow rate of the blood flowing through the hose line on the determination of the concentration of the blood constituent. The device comprises a computing and evaluation unit configured such that a correction factor is ascertained for the influence of the blood flow rate on the determination of the concentration of the blood constituent. The concentration of the blood constituent is then determined based on a relationship describing the dependence of the concentration of the blood constituent on the intensity of the decoupled electromagnetic radiation, taking account of the correction factor.

Abstract: Methods and systems include a long-term implantable ultra-filtrate monitoring system that uses micro-porous membranes to produce an ultra-filtrate of tissue interstitial fluid or blood plasma. The ultra-filtrate is transported through a sensor to detect a level of analyte in the ultra-filtrate. The long-term implantable fluid monitoring system thus includes a first porous catheter, a second porous catheter, a sensor configured to measure an amount of analyte in fluid, and a pump configured to move fluid through the first porous catheter to the sensor and from the sensor through the second porous catheter.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for transcutaneous measurement of glucose in a host.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for non-invasively measuring blood glucose levels in a biological sample based on spectral data. This includes at least one light source configured to strike a target area of a sample, at least one light detector, which includes a preamplifier having a feedback resistor, positioned to receive light from the at least one light source and to generate an output signal, having a time dependent current, which is indicative of the power of light detected, and a processor configured to receive the output signal from the at least one light detector and based on the received output signal, calculate the attenuance attributable to blood in a sample present in the target area and eliminate effect of uncertainty caused by temperature dependent detector response of the at least one light detector, and based on the calculated attenuance, determine a blood glucose level associated with a sample.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to an analyte monitoring device having a user interface with a display and a plurality of actuators. The display is configured to render a plurality of display screens, including a home screen and an alert screen. The home screen is divided into a plurality of simultaneously displayed panels, with a first panel displays a rate of change of continuously monitored analyte levels in interstitial fluid, a second panel simultaneously displays a current analyte level and an analyte trend indicator, and a third panel displays status information of a plurality of components of the device. When an alarm condition is detected, the display renders the alert screen in place of the home screen, the alert screen displaying information corresponding to the detected alarm condition. Furthermore, the actuators are configured to affect further output of the analyte monitoring device corresponding to the detected condition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed which facilitate the rapid, noninvasive and quantitative measurement of the concentration of flavonoid compounds, as well as their isomers and metabolites, in biological tissue such as human skin. Low-intensity, visible-light illumination of intact tissue provides for high spatial resolution, and allows for precise quantification of the flavonoid levels in the tissue. The preferred embodiments make use of a previously unknown, low-oscillator strength, optical absorption transition of flavonoids. This makes it possible to optically excite flavonoids in living human tissue outside the absorption range of other, potentially confounding skin chromophores.

Abstract: A transform for determining a physiological measurement is disclosed. The transform determines a basis function index from a physiological signal obtained through a physiological sensor. A basis function waveform is generated based on basis function index. The basis function waveform is then used to determine an optimized basis function waveform. The optimized basis function waveform is used to calculate a physiological measurement.

Abstract: An array of emitters includes a device substrate having first and second sides, a thermally and electrically conductive layer disposed on the first side of the device substrate, and an interconnect layer disposed on a first plurality of portions of the second side of the device substrate. The array of the emitters further includes a plurality of emitters disposed in a second plurality of portions of the device substrate, where the plurality of emitters is electrically coupled to the thermally and electrically conductive layer. Also, the array of the emitters includes a plurality of wirebond contacts configured to electrically couple a portion of the interconnect layer to a corresponding emitter of the plurality of emitters, and a plurality of encapsulations, where one or more encapsulations of the plurality of encapsulations are disposed on at least a portion of a corresponding wirebond contact of the plurality of wirebond contacts.

Abstract: A method for detecting and presenting burnout symptoms associated with users is provided. The method may include receiving a plurality of predictor rules for monitoring and detecting a plurality of burnout indicators. The method may further include monitoring and receiving the plurality of burnout indicators. Additionally, the method may include storing the monitored and received plurality of burnout indicators. The method may also include detecting a plurality of burnout events associated with the stored monitored and received plurality of burnout indicators. The method may further include determining the plurality of burnout symptoms based on the detected plurality of burnout events. The method may also include determining at least one aggregate score based on the determined plurality of burnout symptoms. The method may further include presenting at least one alert and at least one recommendation based on the determined plurality of burnout symptoms and the determined at least one aggregate score.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring lifting capacity are described. An apparatus for measuring lifting capacity has a container having an open top, opposed parallel side walls, a front wall, a back wall, and a base extending between the walls which defines an open space between the walls; and a handle removably attached to the base. The handle includes a bottom plate; a rod that extends vertically from the bottom plate, and a grip portion that is configured to connect to a locking means formed in a top portion of the rod.

Abstract: Solubilizing compositions are provided that include a 3-(alkyl dimethyl ammonia) propane sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant and a polyethylene glycol alkyl ether nonionic surfactant, provided that the zwitterionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant are not simultaneously and respectively 3-(decyl dimethyl ammonia) propane sulfonate and polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether. Also provided are methods for solubilizing cells and/or tissue of a subject in vivo and methods for recovering proteins from skin cells of a subject in vivo using the solubilizing compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for monitoring a change in intensity of pain experienced by one or more users using a virtual reality environment. The method includes receiving one or more virtual content corresponding to the virtual reality environment on a virtual reality device, displaying the one or more virtual content corresponding to the virtual reality environment on the virtual reality device to the one or more users during one or more treatments provided to the one or more users, assessing the change in the intensity of pain experienced by the one or more users during the one or more treatments, generating a pain profile for each of the one or more users and determining a co-relation between the change in the intensity of pain experienced by the one or more users and the one or more virtual content viewed by the one or more users.

Abstract: A system may include a port, at least one sensing circuit, and at least one processor. The port is configured to receive an indication of dosing of medication to treat a pulmonary condition of a heart failure (HF) subject and the at least one sensing circuit configured to sense at least one physiological signal, wherein the physiological signal includes physiological information of the HF subject. The at least one processor includes a parameter module configured to extract values of at least one physiological parameter indicative of health status of the HF subject, and a trending module configured to trend extracted values of the at least one physiological parameter and detect an effect of the dosing of the medication on the HF subject using the trending of the extracted values of the at least one physiological parameter.

Abstract: A monitoring system includes a wearable appliance; and a processor coupled to the wearable appliance to analyze vital data or wellness data.

Abstract: This invention is a mobile wearable electromagnetic brain activity monitor comprising a frame worn on a person's head, electromagnetic energy sensors which collect data concerning the person's electromagnetic brain activity, and a control unit. The electromagnetic energy sensors can be electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes. In an example, the frame can be circular. In an example, the frame can loop around the person's head from one ear to the other ear. In an example, the frame can be an eyewear frame which also includes light-transmitting optical members.

Abstract: A dental appliance for use in supporting a sensing device within an oral cavity is described herein. The dental appliance includes a sensor assembly and a tooth cap. The sensor assembly includes a support member and a sensor support assembly extending outwardly from the support member. The sensor support assembly includes a recessed portion that defines a sensor chamber that is configured to receive the sensing device therein. The tooth cap is coupled to the sensor assembly and adapted to be positioned within the oral cavity and orientated along a biting surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for determining an analyte value are disclosed.

Abstract: Disordered breathing events may be classified as central, obstructive or a combination of central an obstructive in origin based on patient motion associated with respiratory effort. Central disordered breathing is associated with disrupted respiration with reduced respiratory effort. Obstructive disordered breathing is associated with disrupted respiration accompanied by respiratory effort. A disordered breathing classification system includes a disordered breathing detector and a respiratory effort motion sensor. Components of the disordered breathing classification system may be fully or partially implantable.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring eye movement and/or eye position and postural sway of a subject is disclosed herein. The system generally includes an eye movement tracking device, a postural sway detection device, and a data processing device operatively coupled to the eye movement tracking device and the postural sway detection device. During the execution of the method, the eye movement and/or eye position of the subject is measured using the eye movement tracking device, and the postural sway of the subject is measured using the postural sway detection device. A method for determining a gaze direction of a subject during a balance test and/or concussion screening test, and a method for assessment of a medical condition of a subject are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention, in one form, is a method for deriving respiratory gated PET image reconstruction from raw PET data. In reconstructing the respiratory gated images in accordance with the present invention, respiratory motion information derived from individual voxel signal fluctuations, is used in combination to create usable respiratory phase information. Employing this method allows the respiratory gated PET images to be reconstructed from PET data without the use of external hardware, and in a fully automated manner.

Abstract: A device for assisting the aligning of a patient support dockable onto an operating table is provided A sensing unit is configured to be arranged on the patient support or the operating table and configured to sense a feature of the patient support and/or of the operating table, said feature lying opposite the sensing unit. The sensing unit configured to sense a position-dependent physical interaction and herefrom to generate a signal that depends on the spatial relative position between the patient support and the operating table. An evaluating unit is configured to receive the signal from the sensing unit and to generate an output that characterizes the relative position between the operating table and the patient support.

Abstract: A method for vascular modeling is disclosed. The method, in some embodiments, comprises receiving a plurality of 2-D angiographic images of a portion of a vasculature of a subject, and processing the images to automatically detect 2-D features, for example, paths along vascular extents, which are projected into 3-D to determine homologous features among blood vessels. In some embodiments, projection and/or image registration is iteratively altered to improve feature position matching. Based on 3-D vascular extents and their registration to 2-D images, additional features such as vascular width are optionally determined and added to the model.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medical image display apparatus includes a thin-out processing unit configured to execute thin-out processing for a series of original medical images, a display unit configured to display the series of medical images generated by the thin-out processing as a moving image and a control unit. The control unit controls the thin-out processing unit to change thin-out ratios on a time axis in the thin-out processing.

Abstract: A medical imaging apparatus is provided. The medical image apparatus includes an output unit; and a controller configured to control the output unit to display an image obtained by photographing an object and to display, over the image, a top indicator for setting a top limit for an area to be X-rayed and at least one guideline indicating a bottom limit for the area to be X-rayed according to the top indicator and the number of partial photographing operations.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging device including: a sensor portion that generates an output signal according to an irradiated amount of irradiated radiation; a detector that based on the output signal detects a radiation irradiation start of radiation irradiated from a radiation source during capture of a radiographic image; a noise data generation means that, based on an output signal from the sensor portion in a non-irradiation state of radiation from the radiation source, generates noise data relating to noise incorporated in the output signal; a controller that controls detection sensitivity to radiation irradiation start in the detector according to a degree of variation in noise level expressed by the noise data; and an imaging unit that captures the radiographic image after radiation irradiation start has been detected by the detector.

Abstract: Anatomic range planning is provided in positron emission tomography (PET). The user indicates one or more ranges on an image of a patient based on anatomy. Rather than planning by bed position, the planning is based on the anatomy of the patient without reference to the length of the PET detector. The user interface for PET examination avoids overlapping boxes and other confusion based on bed position. Different anatomical ranges may be assigned different PET parameters, such as reconstruction parameters. A processor may automatically alter the examination (e.g., by extending the detection range beyond the region of interest or by increasing duration at an end position) to account for the sensitivity profile since the anatomical region of interest is known. Anatomical region specific directions may be included as part of planning, aiding in performing different protocols for different anatomical ranges.

Abstract: A method for performing dynamic classification of a breathing session is disclosed. The method comprises capturing breathing sounds of a subject using a microphone. Further, it comprises recognizing a plurality of breath cycles and a plurality of breath phases within each of the plurality of breath cycles from the breathing sounds. It also comprises detecting characteristics regarding the plurality of breath cycles and the plurality of breath phases. Finally, it comprises extracting metrics concerning a breath pattern quality of the subject using the detected characteristics.

Abstract: A difference between a detected motion and a reference motion is automatically displayed. The reference motion is a modeled motion of an organ, a base line motion of an organ or another portion of an organ. A deviation in motion amplitude, angle or both angle and amplitude from a reference set may more easily identify abnormal or normal motion of the organ.

Abstract: To measure the content percentage of fat in a liver without increasing hardware size, provided is a measurement apparatus that supplies an ultrasonic signal to a body part and receives a response signal that has passed through an inner portion of the body part, the measurement apparatus including an ultrasonic signal generating section that generates the ultrasonic signal according to a control signal; a loop control section that supplies the control signal to the ultrasonic signal generating section in response to receiving the response signal that has passed through the body part; and a frequency measuring section that measures a repeating frequency of the control signal repeatedly supplied by the loop control section.

Abstract: A method for characterizing tissue of a patient, including receiving acoustic data derived from the interaction between the tissue and the acoustic waves irradiating the tissue; generating a morphology rendering of the tissue from the acoustic data, in which the rendering represents at least one biomechanical property of the tissue; determining a prognostic parameter for a region of interest in the rendering, in which the prognostic parameter incorporates the biomechanical property; and analyzing the prognostic parameter to characterize the region of interest. In some embodiment, the method further includes introducing a contrast agent into the tissue; generating a set of enhanced morphology renderings of the tissue after introducing the contrast agent; determining an enhanced prognostic parameter from the enhanced morphology renderings; and analyzing the enhanced prognostic parameter.

Abstract: A system and method for medical device detection includes a guidance system (38) configured to deliver a surgical device (32) into a subject. A surgical device deployment detector (25, 40, 42, 44) is configured to cooperate with the guidance system and is configured to detect a deployment of the surgical device in the subject. A coordination module (22) is configured to receive input from the guidance system and the deployment detector to determine and record one or more of a location and time of each deployment.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for controlling an intravascular imaging device are provided. For example, in one embodiment a method includes communicating a control signal to an actuator of the intravascular imaging device to cause oscillation of an imaging element of the intravascular imaging device, wherein the intravascular imaging device further includes an acoustic marker; receiving imaging data from the imaging element of the intravascular imaging device; identifying the acoustic marker in the imaging data by determining a correlation between the imaging data and a template representative of the acoustic marker; adjusting an aspect of the control signal based on identifying the acoustic marker; and communicating the adjusted control signal to the actuator of the intravascular imaging device.

Abstract: Among other things, there is disclosed structure and methods for registering images obtained through internal (e.g. intravascular) ultrasound devices. Embodiments of a device with a rotating ultrasound beam is provided, with a wall of the device being anisotropic in ultrasound passage. As examples, a cable opaque to ultrasound is attached along the wall of the device, so that the ultrasound beam at the location of the cable is blocked, reflected or scattered. As another example, a thin film of metallic material is placed on or in the wall to allow a portion of the beam to be blocked or attenuated. The imaging system recognizes the changes to the signals made by the anisotropic wall, and registers successive images according to those changes.

Abstract: An ultrasound system has a control panel formed of a top glass plate with control area graphics screened onto the bottom surface of the glass plate. Capacitive foils are attached to the areas of the screened graphics, enabling a user control to be capacitively selected by touching the top surface above the screened graphics. Each control area is selectively back-illuminated by a diffuser frame with light pipes fastened below the glass plate. LEDs for illumination are mounted on a printed circuit board fastened to the diffuser frame, which are controlled by the printed circuit board. Different groups of user controls are illuminated in accordance with the context of the operating mode or imaging procedure being performed so that only needed control are illuminated while unneeded controls are invisible to the user. All of the controls can be extinguished and de-activated so that the top surface of the control panel can be cleaned without randomly activating the controls of the control panel.

Abstract: A method and system for automatic non-invasive estimation of shear modulus and viscosity of biological tissue from shear-wave imaging is disclosed. Shear-wave images are acquired to evaluate the mechanical properties of an organ of a patient. Shear-wave propagation in the tissue in the shear-wave images is simulated based on shear modulus and viscosity values for the tissue using a computational model of shear-wave propagation. The simulated shear-wave propagation is compared to observed shear-wave propagation in the shear-wave images of the tissue using a cost function. Patient-specific shear modulus and viscosity values for the tissue are estimated to optimize the cost function comparing the simulated shear-wave propagation to the observed shear-wave propagation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transmission processing unit transmits, to a subject via the ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic waves corresponding to a Doppler mode and remaining modes. A reception processing unit receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the subject via the ultrasonic probe as an echo signal. An ultrasonic image generation unit generates images in the Doppler mode and the remaining modes based on the echo signal. A control unit changes a ratio of transmission of the ultrasonic wave corresponding to the Doppler mode to transmission of the ultrasonic waves corresponding to the remaining modes in accordance with a degree of a pulsatory of the subject.

Abstract: A system, method, and storage device storing computer executable instructions for use in tissue analysis and therapy. An optical probe array has at least two or more optical probes for illuminating tissue and generates light fluorescence and/or diffuse reflectance signals corresponding to the illuminated tissue. One or more ultrasound, CT and MRI imaging guidance systems identify the position of the optical probes relative to the tissue. The imaging guidance system can also be a fusion of an MRI or CT image provided by the MRI or CT imaging guidance system and an ultrasound image provided by the ultrasound imaging guidance system. An imaging system generates a three-dimensional image of the tissue based on the generated light signals and the identified position of the optical probes.

Abstract: A system, method, and storage device storing computer executable instructions for use in tissue analysis and therapy. A motorized optical probe for illuminating tissue generates light fluorescence and/or diffuse reflectance signals corresponding to the illuminated tissue. One or more ultrasound, CT and MRI imaging guidance systems identify the position of the optical probes relative to the tissue. An imaging system generates a three-dimensional image of the tissue based on the generated light signals and the identified position of the optical probe.

Abstract: An electromechanical surgical system is disclosed including a hand-held surgical instrument, an end effector configured to perform at least one function, and a shaft assembly arranged for selectively interconnecting the end effector and the surgical instrument. The shaft assembly includes a linkage having a proximal housing and a distal housing at least partially received within the proximal housing. The distal housing is rotatable relative to the proximal housing and configured to selectively interconnect the end effector to the shaft assembly. The shaft assembly further includes a wire extending through the linkage having a central portion disposed within an annular groove defined between the proximal and distal housings. The central portion of the wire is annularly wound within the annular groove to define a coil. The coil is configured to at least one of radially expand and contract upon rotation of the distal housing relative to the proximal housing.