Abstract: A workpiece clamp device with single side is disclosed. When a bolt is screwed in relative to a base plane, an elastic member is compressed by a first and a second stop portions and a second clamp surface of a driving block is limited by a second wall surface. A first inclined surface is pushed leftward by a second inclined surface so that a tool is clamped by the first clamp surface and a first wall surface. When the bolt is screwed out relative to the base plane, the elastic member is reset due to the compression of the first and the second stop portions. Since the second clamp surface is limited by a second wall surface, the first inclined surface is pushed rightward by the second inclined surface to move the driving block upward so that the force for clamping the tool is released and the tool is disassembled.

Abstract: A universal roller rebuilder apparatus and method includes a first holder, with an outer angled contact rim. The outer angled contact rim at least partially surrounds an access hole and further is conformed to contact with a roller. The roller includes at least one removable element inside the roller. A second holder includes an outer angled contact rim that at least partially surrounds an access hole. A pair of end brackets are connected with a support frame where the first holder is connected with one end bracket and the second holder is connected with the other end bracket. The pair of end brackets support the first holder and the second holder in alignment such that the roller is held in position with the aligned holders. A puller aligns and connects with the roller in the same alignment as the first holder and the second holder.

Abstract: A pair of pliers includes an upper structure, a lower structure including a lower handle, an over center linkage, and a lock member. The lock member is movable between a locking configuration and a release configuration. When the lock member is in the locking configuration, it prevents pivoting movement of the lower handle from a closed configuration and retains jaws of the pliers in a closed position. When the lock member is in the release configuration, it enables the lower handle to be moved away from the closed configuration and allows the jaws to move to an open position. Movement of the lock member from the locking configuration to the release configuration requires sequential movement of the lock member in a first direction and then in a second direction. The second direction is different than the first direction.

Abstract: Provided is a jig having a structure that differs from conventional jigs and enables flat plates to be bonded while suppressing an air bubble formation. A flat-plate bonding jig is provided with the following: a first surface; a second surface that is on the opposite side of the first surface, has a plurality of suction holes for sucking a flat-plate, and is curved outward in a substantially arc shape; a main body connecting the first surface and the second surface; and a communication means that is disposed in the main body and allows the suction holes to communicate with a suction means.

Abstract: A tubing connector wrench having a rotating hub held by two independent pawls. An open end of the hub and casing of the wrench allows it to engage over a piece of tubing and thereafter be engaged on a tubing connector. The wrench may be employed to turn tubing connectors without removing it for repositioning. The two pawls insure that the hub remains engaged for one way turning of the connector.

Abstract: A spring component for a ratcheting mechanism, such as a ratchet wrench. The spring component is shaped to be retained in a recess without any special machining. For example, the spring component can be retained at three abutment points. A leaf of the spring component can abut a pawl, and a base portion opposite the leaf can abut the drive gear. Support arms can abut the sidewall of the recess to retain the spring component within the recess without the need for special machining or tooling.

Abstract: A screwdriver, including driver bit sleeve, revolving wheel-shaped driver bit holder and pushrod, the revolving wheel-shaped screwdriver bit holder is rotatably arranged at the rear side of the driver bit sleeve, the revolving wheel-shaped driver bit holder is distributed with axial containing hole containing driver bit and the containing hole can be turned to axially coincide with the inner hole of the driver bit sleeve; pushrod is arranged at the rear side of the revolving wheel-shaped driver bit holder and axially coincides with the inner hole of the driver bit sleeve, the inner hole of the driver bit sleeve includes torque transmission segment at the front part and guiding segment at the rear part, the hole wall of the guiding segment is arranged as guiding surface; and it can also include handle, pushbutton set, pushrod which extends into one of containing holes of driver bit holder when pushbutton set is positioned at first positioning portion of the front part of slideway on the handle, pushing the dri

Abstract: The fastener drive tool is a hand powered drive device that is used to drive fasteners around an axis. The fastener tool device is formed in the shape of a cylinder. The first end of the fastener drive tool is designed to receive driver bits designed for use with power drills, including, but not limited to, 6 point, 12 point, flat head, Phillips head, and star driver bits and driver bit sets. The second end of the cylinder is designed to receive a square driver bits commonly used for driver sockets. Optionally, the first end and the second end can be fitted with a ratchet device. The fastener drive tool comprises a flexible steel wire, a rubber covering, a woven steel lube, a first driver port, and a second driver port.

Abstract: A gasket installer wrench provides a grasping collet, which extends out of the remover end and clips onto the small ball end of a valve core. The gasket installer guide or wrench is especially suitable for use with a refrigerant valve or tire valve, or to install a valve depressor.

Abstract: A fastener driving tool including a housing enclosing a cylinder having a lower end with a resilient bumper, a return air chamber in communication with the lower end of the cylinder and a piston dimensioned for reciprocation within the cylinder to impact the bumper and having a driver blade depending therefrom. At least one inlet opening is in communication with the return air chamber and at least one outlet opening is disposed in the cylinder and spaced from the at least one inlet opening. The at least outlet opening is in communication with the return air chamber and aligned with the piston so that each outlet opening is closed by the piston to seal the cylinder as the piston impacts the bumper and traps a residual volume of air in the cylinder below the piston to damp impact of the piston upon the bumper.

Abstract: A driving tool includes a first cylinder that generates compressed air by reciprocating movement of a first piston slidably disposed therein. A longitudinal direction of the first cylinder intersects a longitudinal direction of a second cylinder and extends alongside a magazine that feeds fasteners onto an axis of movement of a driving part of a second piston. The first piston reciprocally slides in a direction that extends alongside the magazine. A tool handle is disposed on the side of the first cylinder that is opposite from the magazine in the direction of the axis of movement.

Abstract: The disclosed concrete anchor driver tool is coupled to a rotary hammer drill to install a concrete anchor. The tool includes a rod having multi-faceted bolt head end, such as a hexagonal bolt head end, and a socket having a multi-faceted opening in the socket end of the socket. The socket is slipped over the rod and held against the bolt head end of the rod by a compressible spring. The concrete anchor driver tool is operated by coupling the concrete anchor driver tool to a rotary hammer drill, slipping the socket over the concrete anchor, and operating the drill in the hammer mode to hammer the concrete anchor bolt into the concrete. The rotary hammer drill is then put in rotate mode and used to rotate the concrete anchor driver tool rod, which rotates the socket, which, in turn, tightens the nut on the concrete anchor.

Abstract: A cushion device is used for a cylinder of a pneumatic tool, and the pneumatic tool contains: a body, a cylinder, a valve unit, a piston member, and a cushion washer. The body includes a grip and a fitting sleeve having a chamber, a closing face, and an opening. The cylinder is slidably fitted in the chamber, partially extends out of the fitting sleeve from the opening, and includes a room and an abutting portion. The valve unit is mounted between the room and the abutting portion. The piston member is accommodated in the room and slides along a movement axis. The cushion washer is made of a flexible rubber, is mounted in the chamber, and abuts against the closing face and the pressing face. The cushion washer includes at least one open segment which has at least one air groove each having a mouth parallel to the movement axis.

Abstract: A manipulation cart system for manipulating a tool described herein includes a chassis subsystem, a locomotion subsystem, at least one manipulation subsystem, at least one attachment subsystem, and at least one control subsystem. The locomotion subsystem may include a turn pivot. The at least one manipulation subsystem may include at least one tilting subsystem. Preferably the cart system at least partially relieves the physical demands of manipulating the tool and at least partially protects from stress-induced injuries associated with manipulating the tool.

Abstract: A hand tool machine device with a drive unit comprising at least one drive shaft, a transmission unit including at least one transmission element, a cooling unit including at least one fan element, and at least one sealing element configured to seal the transmission unit in at least on axial direction. The at least one fan element includes at least one receiving region configured to at least partially receive the at least one sealing element.

Abstract: A tool holder comprises a first pair of opposing sides and a second pair of opposing sides. The second pair of opposing sides is disposed intermediate the first pair of opposing sides. The tool holder includes an at least one pocket attached to at least one of the sides. A first pair of straps connect a top edge of each of the first pair of opposing sides. The tool holder is configurable between an expanded position and a collapsed position.

Abstract: An accessibility-enhancing joint module may include a housing, a powered motor disposed within the housing, a rotatable receiving member operatively connected to the powered motor, a coupling element configured to attach to the receiving member, and a control board disposed within the housing and operatively connected to the powered motor, wherein the coupling element is disposed external to the housing. An accessibility-enhancing arm assembly may include a first joint module and a second joint module and a tubular arm member attached to the proximal mounting portion of the first joint module and the proximal mounting portion of the second joint module, each joint module including a housing having a body portion and a proximal mounting portion, a powered motor disposed within the housing, and a rotatable receiving member operatively connected to the powered motor. The joint module(s) and/or the arm assembly may be operable by a variety of accessible controls.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer readable media are provided for determining: 1) sensor parameters for sensors of a robot and 2) model parameters of a dynamic model of the robot. The sensor parameters and model parameters are determined based on applying, as values for known variables of a system equation of the robot, sensor readings and position values for each of a plurality of instances of a traversal of the robot along a trajectory. The system equation of the robot is a dynamic model for the robot that includes sensor models substituted for one or more corresponding variables of the dynamic model. The system equation includes unknown variables representing unknown sensor biases for the sensors of the robot and unknown model parameters of the dynamic model of the robot. Solutions to the unknown variables are generated and utilized to determine the sensor parameters and the model parameters.

Abstract: Robotic devices may be trained by a trainer guiding the robot along a target trajectory using physical contact with the robot. The robot may comprise an adaptive controller configured to generate control commands based on one or more of the trainer input, sensory input, and/or performance measure. The trainer may observe task execution by the robot. Responsive to observing a discrepancy between the target behavior and the actual behavior, the trainer may provide a teaching input via a haptic action. The robot may execute the action based on a combination of the internal control signal produced by a learning process of the robot and the training input. The robot may infer the teaching input based on a comparison of a predicted state and actual state of the robot. The robot's learning process may be adjusted in accordance with the teaching input so as to reduce the discrepancy during a subsequent trial.

Abstract: A method for controlling an actuator of a hinged segment including the steps of: estimating an inertia J of the segment and a minimum viscous hinge friction f; estimating or measuring a traveling speed {dot over (X)} of the segment and an internal deformation ?X of the actuator; synthesizing a control law H? generating a control current (or torque) from the estimates or measurements and meeting a performance objective pertaining to a transfer function (I) between an acceleration {umlaut over (X)} of the segment and an external force F to which the segment is subjected: (II) with (III), ? being a mathematical artifact and s being the Laplace variable; and controlling the actuation of the hinged segment according to the control law thus synthesized.

Abstract: A robot includes a base, a first arm that rotates around a first rotation axis, a second arm that rotates around a second rotation axis extending in a direction different than the first rotation axis, a third arm that rotates around a third rotation axis extending in a direction parallel to the second rotation axis, a first inertia sensor at the first arm, a second (a) inertia sensor at the third arm, a first angle sensor at a first drive source, a third angle sensor at a third drive source, and the drive sources rotate the respective arms. Angular velocities from the first inertia sensor and the first angle sensor are fed back to a first drive source control unit. Angular velocities from the second (a) inertia sensor and the third angle sensor are fed back to a second drive source control unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a robot cleaner having an improved travel pattern and a control method thereof. The robot cleaner performs cleaning using zigzag travel as a basic cleaning traveling manner, and then performs cleaning using random travel as a finishing cleaning traveling manner so as to clean areas skipped during the zigzag travel. The robot cleaner performs the zigzag travel while maintaining a designated interval with a travel route proceeding to a wall regardless of a direction proceeding to the wall, and employs an improved zigzag travel method to maintain a zigzag travel pattern, if the robot cleaner senses an obstacle during the zigzag travel.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for training a path of a robot within a graphical user interface (GUI) and/or by physically moving the robot. In particular, the technology generates a trained path for the robot based on waypoints defined by a user and generates one or more parameters for one or more movement characteristics of the robot along the trained path. The parameters for the movement characteristics are generated based on spatial proximity of a plurality of the waypoints that are defined by the user.

Abstract: A method for controlling a robot device (500) having a movable manipulator and/or effector (400), according to which method a speed and/or direction of movement of the manipulator and/or effector (400) is monitored and adjusted as appropriate, taking into consideration medical parameters for injury and robot dynamics is provided. A robot device (500) for implementing such a method and to a computer program product for executing such a method.

Abstract: A method for constraining movements of a robot comprises: using the robot, receiving dynamic building data that describes a temporary condition of a building or campus comprising a set of buildings and a location of the temporary condition; using the robot, updating, from the dynamic building data, a map layer of a plurality of map layers of a map by calculating an increased cost of navigation of the portion of the map layer corresponding to the location of the temporary condition, the increased cost based on the description of the temporary condition; using the robot, upon receiving a task having an origin location and a destination location, determining a fastest route from the origin location to the destination location from the plurality of map layers of the map using a graph search algorithm that calculates an expected velocity of the robot over the portion of the map layer corresponding to the location of the temporary condition; using the robot, traversing the fastest route from the origin location to

Abstract: A robotic applique assembly for incorporation into a manually controlled vehicle to provide unmanned operational capability to the vehicle includes an assembly body configured to be positioned into the vehicle in substantially the same area occupied by a user of the vehicle. The assembly body can have a series of segments including a torso segment, a bench segment and a leg segment. The segments are pivotally coupled one to another to allow adjustment of position of the segments relative to one another.

Abstract: A machine vision system for a controllable robotic device proximal to a workspace includes an image acquisition sensor arranged to periodically capture vision signal inputs each including an image of a field of view including the workspace. A controller operatively couples to the robotic device and includes a non-transitory memory component including an executable vision perception routine. The vision perception routine includes a focus loop control routine operative to dynamically track a focus object in the workspace and a background loop control routine operative to monitor a background of the workspace. The focus loop control routine executes simultaneously asynchronously in parallel with the background loop control routine to determine a combined resultant including the focus object and the background based upon the periodically captured vision signal inputs. The controller is operative to control the robotic device to manipulate the focus object based upon the focus loop control routine.

Abstract: A robot system is provided with a three-dimensional sensor which acquires three-dimensional information of an object, and a robot which includes a gripping device for gripping an object. The robot system uses first three-dimensional information which relates to a state before an object is taken out and second three-dimensional information which relates to a state after an object is taken out as the basis to acquire three-dimensional shape information of an object, and uses the three-dimensional shape information of the object as the basis to calculate a position and posture of the robot when an object is placed at a target site.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gripper (1) adapted to be used in an automated system for handling flexible substrates provided in a pile. The gripper (1) is rotatably arranged on an arm (6) of a robot and comprises a lower finger (7) and an upper finger (8). The lower finger (7) comprises a sharp, wedge-shaped edge (14), which is adapted to enable insertion of the lower finger (7) between substrates of the pile. The lower finger (7) has a round tip (11), which extends to at least one side of the lower finger (7) and forms a smooth, wedge-shaped edge (15), wherein the sharp, wedge-shaped edge (14) is arranged on the at least one side remote from the round tip (11) and substantially in level with but protruding further than the smooth, wedge-shaped edge (15).

Abstract: A mechanical hand is provided that can increase the operation stroke and also the gripping force of a pair of gripping members. The hand includes first and second sliders, a driving source, a rotating plate, a first clamping link. Of these components, the first and second sliders are provided on a hand body so as to be linearly movable in opening and closing directions and the driving source is provided in the hand body. The rotating plate is rotatably driven by the driving source. The first clamping link is linked with the rotating plate so as to be only rotatable on a first shaft, and is linked with the first slider so as to be only rotatable on a second shaft. Moreover, the second clamping link is linked with the rotating plate so as to be only rotatable on a third shaft, and is linked with the second slider so as be only rotatable on a fourth shaft. The first and second sliders move linearly in the opening and closing directions by making the driving source rotate the rotating plate.

Abstract: A gripping device comprises a base, a first finger rotatably or movably connected to the base, and a second finger connected to the base. The first finger and the second finger are capable of selectively entering an opened gripping mode and a closed gripping mode to grip an object. In the opened gripping mode, the first and second fingers grip the object from the same side of the object. In the closed gripping mode, the first and second fingers grip the object from different sides of the object.

Abstract: A robot tendon system having a robot arm having an exterior surface, and further rigid elements, each of which is moveably attached to the robot arm or to another of the further rigid elements. Further, a tendon retaining element defines a set of closed channels, and has a major exterior surface that is attached to the major surface of the robot arm. Finally, tendons extend through the closed channels and are attached to the rigid elements.

Abstract: Replaceable shaving assemblies are disclosed that include a blade unit, an interface element configured to removably connect the blade unit to a handle, on which the blade unit is pivotably mounted, and an elastomeric element disposed between the blade unit and interface element. Shaving systems including such shaving assemblies are also disclosed, as are methods of using such shaving systems.

Abstract: A method for forming a cutting tool includes masking a metal base with one or more masks, the one or more masks including at least one variable permeability mask, and chemically etching the masked metal base to form a blade of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A rotary tool ejection technology utilizing air to eject contents from the dies of a rotary cylinder. The dies include orifices positioned therein. The orifices are assembled with porous material. The orifices are capable of receiving air from an internal chamber and delivering it to the outer surface of a rotary cylinder. Air is supplied to the internal chamber by an internal shaft. The internal shaft contains a channel in fluid communication with outlets extending radially outward from the channel to locations on the outer surface of the shaft. The shaft is optionally assembled with a manifold having a conduit. The conduit is positioned for intermittent alignment with the orifices in the rotary cylinder as the rotary cylinder rotates relative to the manifold.

Abstract: High-pressure fluid jet systems are provided which include a pump to selectively provide a source of high-pressure fluid, a cutting head assembly configured to receive the high-pressure fluid and generate a high-pressure fluid jet for processing workpieces or work surfaces, and a fluid distribution system in fluid communication with the pump and the cutting head assembly to route the high-pressure fluid from the pump to the cutting head assembly. The pump, the cutting head assembly and/or the fluid distribution system include at least one fluid distribution component having a unitary body formed from an additive manufacturing or casting process with an internal passage having at least a curvilinear portion to efficiently route matter through the fluid jet system. Example fluid distribution components include fittings, valve bodies, cutting head bodies and nozzles of the high-pressure fluid jet systems.

Abstract: Blade tilt mechanisms for table saws are disclosed. The disclosed tilt mechanisms provide easy and intuitive operation. They also provide auto-locking so that a user simply releases a component to lock the blade at a specific angle. The tilt mechanisms also provide defined incremental steps for the tilt of the blade and the steps are typically spaced at 1-degree intervals.

Abstract: A chain saw kit having a sub-frame assembly and a plurality of operating components, among which are at least a battery operated motor and battery. The sub-frame assembly is configured to define mount locations for the operating components so that the sub-frame assembly and operatively placed operating components make up at least a part of a main operating unit to which a chain bar and cutting chain can be assembled. A first outer housing assembly has at least a first outer housing part with a second outer housing assembly having at least a second outer housing part. The parts of the outer housing assemblies are interchangeably usable to allow selection of different overall size, shape, and/or appearance of chain saws based upon a common sub-frame assembly.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate includes the steps of preparing an ingot of single crystal silicon carbide and obtaining a substrate by cutting the ingot. Then, in the step of obtaining a substrate, cutting proceeds in a direction ? in which an angle ? formed with respect to a <11-20> direction or a <1-100> direction of the ingot is 15°±5° in an orthogonal projection on a {0001} plane.

Abstract: A cutter head for an underwater granulating installation has a rotor body having a plurality of cutter-retaining arms. Each of the plurality of cutter-retaining arms adjoins the outer circumference, and one cutter element is fastened on each of the plurality of cutter-retaining arms, where the rotor body in the region of each cutter-retaining arm includes at least one receptacle recess configured to receive a fastening element. The cutter element is integrally configured to have a basic body and at least one blade body. The basic body is positioned on a lower bearing face of the rotor body, and the lower bearing face extends up to at least one of the plurality of cutter-retaining arms. The at least one of the plurality of cutter-retaining arms on an upper side is overlapped by the cutter element, and the blade body includes at least one cutting edge molded thereon.

Abstract: A mould lifting device is suitable for use in lifting and rotating a middle mould. At each of two lateral surfaces of the middle mould is provided a pivot portion. The mould lifting device includes: a platform, two longitudinal guide assemblies, two transmissions, a power assembly, two lifting members, two push members, two pivot arms, and two covers. When the pivot arms lift and rotate the middle mould, the lifted portion of the covers will not be pushed by the lifting portions of the lifting members anymore, and the covers will naturally pivot downward by gravity to make the cover portions cover the openings of the restricting grooves, which prevents the disengagement of the pivot portions of the middle mould from the restricting grooves, and thus improving the stability and security of the middle mould during the course of lifting and rotation.

Abstract: A container manufacturing plant (10) includes an air circuit (78) employing a recycling method that includes at least the successive steps of: extracting filtered air from an oven (26), after the air has been used in the latter, for the purpose of cooling at least one part of the preforms; treating the sterilizing agent present in the extracted air resulting from the sterilization of the preforms; and recycling the extracted and treated air to the industrial area (16) where the plant (10) is installed. An air recycling method is also described.

Abstract: A method of supporting a cantilevered component mounted to a hub by locating a cassette in proximity to the cantilevered component, the cassette defining a volume for filling with an encapsulant; filling the volume with an encapsulant material; and causing the encapsulant to solidify to the cantilevered component to support the cantilevered component. The cantilevered component is preferably a blade on a bladed disc and the encapsulant provides support to change the vibration response of the blade during a subsequent machining step.

Abstract: Various processes for creating mirrored features are discussed herein as well as devices that include the mirrored features. One embodiment includes a button having a transparent layer and an opaque layer coupled to the transparent layer. A portion of the transparent layer extends through the opaque layer so that the portion of the transparent layer is flush with a back surface of the opaque layer and generally has a shape of a desired feature. The button also includes a reflective object positioned so that it may be seen through the transparent layer.

Abstract: A process for producing molded products having portions formed with two separate materials is provided. The process involves forming a first component over a structural core in a first step, and forming a second component that is secured to the first component and the core in a second step. The second component can be formed directly over the first component or can be secured thereto after formation. The first and second components can additionally be formed with indicia thereon, or with recesses within which inserts containing the desired indicia can be positioned. Additionally, the first component can be formed with a ridge disposed on a projection formed on the first component that effectively seals off a portion of the first component when the second component is formed around the core and the first component to ensure the portion of the first component surrounded by the ridge remains visible after formation of the second component.

Abstract: A first part having an attachment having an elongated body configured to release from a second attachment of a second part under a desired force, and a method of manufacturing the same is provided. The first attachment includes a generally elongated body extending outwardly from the first wall with respect to the first support surface, the first wall further including at least one indent, the at least one indent formed on the first wall and open to a peripheral side edge of the elongated body, the indent extending into the wall a predetermined depth so as to provide the elongated body with a predetermined resiliency.

Abstract: A method for producing a molded product 70 involves the use of a mold 40 including a cavity 44 to which a molding material is supplied and an intercepting member 45 capable of moving back and forth within the cavity 44. The method comprises an interception step for moving the intercepting member 45 into the cavity 44 and an injection step for injecting the molding material into the cavity 44. During the injection step, the intercepting member 45 is used to regulate the flow of the molding member inside the cavity 44 at the initial stage of the injection. The intercepting member is thereafter pulled into the mold 40.

Abstract: A modular molding system having a mold base assembly for assembling an interchangeable mold insert assemblage. The assembled mold insert assemblage defines an internal cavity for forming a molded object. Each mold insert assemblage can be disengaged from the mold base assembly and exchanged with a different mold insert assemblage having an internal cavity having different dimensions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a housing and an electronic device. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a mold according to a predetermined shape of the housing, wherein the mold comprises at least one moving die and at least one fixed die, a first texture structure is formed on the inner surface of the mold, and the first texture structure comprises a plurality of projections arranged in a first arrangement, and a groove recesses inwardly is formed between any two adjacent projections, and the groove is formed by etching and removing a part of the moving die and/or the fixed die by the laser engraving method; closing the moving die and the fixed die, and heating the mold to a predetermined mold temperature; and injecting a raw material in a melting state into the mold cavity of the mold; retaining a pressure of the raw material in the mold cavity of the mold; cooling the mold; opening the mold to complete the housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented. A portion is cut from a thermoplastic sheet of a first thermoplastic material based on a three dimensional model. The portion is secured to a mold. The portion and the mold are heated under vacuum to form a structure. The structure may take the form of a protective covering. In some illustrative examples, the mold may be formed of a second thermoplastic material based on the three dimensional model using additive manufacturing.