Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, in an organic EL display device in which an initialization voltage is applied, extend the time period usable to write a video voltage as compared with the conventional art. In order to achieve this object, the organic EL display device includes a plurality of pixels each including an organic EL element; a plurality of video lines that supply a video voltage to each of the plurality of pixels; a plurality of scanning lines that supply a scanning voltage to each of the plurality of pixels; a unit that supplies a selection scanning voltage concurrently to an N number of scanning lines among the plurality of scanning lines, and supplies an initialization voltage to each of the plurality of video lines, in a k'th scanning period; and a unit that supplies a selection scanning voltage sequentially to the N number of scanning lines, and supplies video voltages to each of the plurality of video lines, in (k+1)th through (k+N)th scanning periods respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scanning driver and an organic light-emitting display using the same. The scanning driver comprises a plurality of cascaded structures receiving signals from a first timing clock line (CK1) and a second timing clock line (CK2) with opposite phases, the cascaded structures successively generating output signals (i.e., scanning signals), wherein each of the cascaded structures comprises: a first transistor, connected to a starting signal line or to a scanning output line of a previous cascaded structure; a second transistor, connected to the second timing clock line and to the scanning output line; a third transistor connected to a high-level power supply VGH; a fourth transistor, connected to a low-level power supply VGL and to an output terminal of the third transistor; a fifth transistor, connected to a high-level power supply VGH and to a scanning output line; and a first capacitor, connected between an output terminal of the first transistor and the scanning output line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a display panel; a signal controller configured to receive an input image signal and an input control signal, output an output image signal and an output control signal, and determine a charge sharing between two or more data lines having voltages in the same polarity; and a data driver configured to convert, based on the output control signal, the image signal into data voltages to be supplied to the data lines connected to the pixels, the data voltages having positive levels and negative levels. The data driver is further configured to perform a first charge sharing by short-circuiting first and second data lines that are adjacent to each other, and a second charge sharing by short-circuiting third and fourth data lines having data voltages in the same polarity, wherein the first charge sharing and the second charge sharing may not temporally overlap with each other.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a latch circuit configured to generate a second data value from a first data value, wherein the bit count of the second data value is greater than the bit count of the first data value, a digital-analog converter configured to convert the second data value into gray scale voltages, an output buffer unit configured to amplify the current level of the gray scale voltages to generate data voltages, a data switch circuit configured to invert the polarity of the data voltages every frame, and a display panel including a plurality of pixels driven with the data voltages supplied from the data switch circuit in response to sequential application of gate signals.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a driving circuit. The display panel includes pixels. Each of the pixels is connected to one of gate lines and one of data lines. The driving circuit drives the gate lines and the data lines to display an image on the display panel. The driving circuit alternately provides a first polarity data driving signal and a second polarity data driving signal to each of the plurality of data lines. During an asymmetrical mode, the first polarity data driving signal is provided to first data lines of the data lines during a first frame period before a blank period begins, and the second polarity data driving signal is provided to the first data lines during a second frame period after the blank period ends. The second frame period excludes the blank period.

Abstract: A method of operating a display panel in which a plurality of decisions are generated by detecting transitions of a plurality of present pixel data included in a present frame image. A uniform dynamic capacitance compensation (DCC) is performed based on the plurality of decisions. A present grayscale of each of the plurality of present pixel data increases by a first compensation value, decreases by a second compensation value, or is maintained based on the uniform DCC.

Abstract: A shift register, a driving method of a display panel and related device. The shift register adds a selection output unit and a selection control signal terminal to the current shift register; the output terminal of the selection output unit outputs a signal that is same as the signal of the driving signal output terminal when the selection control signal terminal receives a selection control signal. Then whether there is a scan signal outputted from the selection driving output terminal is determined by the control of the selection control signal terminal and the selection output unit. Further, in using the gate-driving circuit consisting of the above shift register, selectively outputting scan signal to certain gate lines can be achieved.

Abstract: A scan driving circuit includes a repair assembly, a pull-up assembly, a pull-up control assembly that drives the pull-up assembly, a pull-down maintaining assembly, and a reference low-level signal. When the pull-down maintaining assembly turns off in a work stage of a current scanning line, the repair assembly turns off. When the pull-down maintaining assembly turns on in the work stage of the current scanning line, the repair assembly is connected with the pull-down maintaining assembly. In the work stage of the current scanning line, the reference low-level signal is sent to the repair assembly via the turn-off unit, and turns off the pull-down maintaining assembly through the repair assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a GOA circuit and a liquid crystal display device. The GOA circuit adds the stage transfer unit (900) and the stage transfer pull-down unit (800) and modifying the global control auxiliary unit (1000) to use the stage transfer end (ST(N)) of the stage transfer unit (900) to output the signal which is different from the scan driving signal to be the stage transfer signal and to use the global control auxiliary unit (1000) to stable the voltage level of the stage transfer end (ST(N)) in the period that the output ends (G(N)) of all the GOA units output the scan driving signal at the same time, the signal outputted by the stage transfer end (ST(N)) is opposite to the voltage level of the scan driving signal.

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels to display images. Gate line driver circuitry may have stages that supply gate line signals. A gate line may be located in each row of the pixels. Each stage may have an output block that produces a respective one of the gate line signals and may have a carry block that separately produces a carry signal that is provided to a later stage in the gate line driver circuitry. A memory may be provided in at least some of the stages to store signals produced by the output blocks during intraframe pausing operations. At the end of an intraframe pause, the stored signals may be used in restarting production of the gate line signals by output blocks in the gate line driver stages. Circuitry may be used to separately reset the output block and suppress carry signal production by the carry block.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display (LCD) device having a touch panel function, power consumption is reduced in the standby state. The display section is divided into blocks each of which is formed of a plurality of display lines. The counter electrode is disposed for each block. A driving circuit selectively supplies, to the counter electrode of each block, the voltage used for the liquid crystal display and the voltage used for the touch panel scanning. The driving circuit has a source amplifier that supplies the video voltages to the video lines. The driving circuit reduces the current in the source amplifier, such that the current is lower than current at the time of a normal operation, to lower the power consumption, and stops the operation of the source amplifier and supplies the GND voltage to the video lines to further lower the power consumption.

Abstract: An image sticking elimination circuit comprises signal module (11), switch control module (12) and switch module (13), the signal module (11) has input terminal connected to an enable signal and outputs first control signal according to the enable signal; the switch control module (12) receives the first control signal outputted from the signal module and outputs second control signal; the switch module (13) receives the second control signal outputted from the switch control module (12), and controls the connection or the disconnection between a first electrode (B) and a second electrode (C).

Abstract: An imaging and display apparatus for passive displays evaluates the illumination of an input scene and incorporates data representative of such input scene within a transfer media. The transfer media may be a storage medium storing image data, illumination data and gamma information for delivery to a passive display system. The data controls the optical characteristics of the illumination source for the passive display and the gamma and tends to minimize energy requirements, to maximize contrast or shades of gray in the displayed image, and to optimize light source operation for color fidelity. The data provided the media and/or display as a video signal, modulated video signal, s-video signal, digital signal, or other signal that can be used by a passive display system to display images.

Abstract: A display device and a data compensating device for a display device are disclosed. In one aspect, the data compensating device includes a converter configured to convert image data corresponding to a plurality of pixels in a display panel into input grayscale data and provide the input grayscale data. A brightness ratio calculator is configured to calculate a brightness ratio of the input grayscale data for each pixel based on a predetermined gamma value and a maximum grayscale data. The data compensating device also includes a compensating coefficient output unit configured to output a predetermined compensating coefficient based on the brightness ratio, and a compensating data calculator configured to calculate compensating grayscale data corresponding to all of the grayscale data based on the compensating coefficient. A data output unit is configured to provide the compensating grayscale data corresponding to the input grayscale data as output grayscale data to the pixels.

Abstract: A method for displaying a graphical user interface on a display of an electronic device includes obtaining a total number “n” of image layers to be displayed on the display, and determining whether the total number of image layers is greater than two, determining a processing method of a number of processing methods for processing each image layer for displaying each image layer, processing each image layer according to the determined processing method, and displaying the graphical user interface on the display after all of the image layers have been processed. The number of processing methods include size adjustment, obfuscation adjustment, saturation adjustment, and transparency adjustment.

Abstract: The Stabilizer Tuner adjustably supports a formed spring or a pre-loaded coil spring element operable to hold a variable force of tension to enforce initial position. The Tremolo Stabilizer includes a thumbwheel arrangement to variably adjust the position of an independent stabilizer arrangement. Tremolo Spring Tuner includes a pre-loaded coil spring element or formed flat spring operable to exert a first variable force of tension to contact the body with the capacity to variably support the pivoting of tremolo under the variable force of the string tension; the first force of tension is essentially equal to the force of tension provided by the strings to establish the fulcrum tremolo at initial position.

Abstract: The guitar pick retrieval tool is a hand tool that is configured to retrieve a pick that has fallen into the sound hole of a guitar. The guitar pick retrieval tool comprises an adhesive tip, a flexible shaft, and a handle. The handle is attached to an end of the flexible shaft. The adhesive tip is attached to the end of the flexible shaft that is distal from the handle. The flexible shaft is a semi-rigid shaft. The flexible shaft does not behave in an elastic manner. The semi-rigid nature of the flexible shaft allows the shaft to be bent into an arbitrary but stationary position which will be maintained until the flexible shaft is subsequently manipulated. The adhesive tip captures the pick by adhering to the pick when the adhesive tip is placed against the pick.

Abstract: A method for processing a music performance, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a first media signal from a media source; analyzing the first media signal to extract any media signal characteristics; creating a reference media signal by suppressing at-least a predominant sound source of the first media signal; reproducing the reference media signal while receiving a users media signal from an input device to generate a second media signal; analyzing the second media signal to extract any media signal characteristics; processing the characteristics of the second media signal in isolation or in combination with the characteristics of the first media signal; and generating feedback for the music performance based upon the processed media signals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to use predicted actions in VR environments are disclosed. An example method includes predicting a predicted time of a predicted virtual contact of a virtual reality controller with a virtual musical instrument, determining, based on at least one parameter of the predicted virtual contact, a characteristic of a virtual sound the musical instrument would make in response to the virtual contact, and initiating producing the sound before the predicted time of the virtual contact of the controller with the musical instrument.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a system and method for instantly switching sound pickups in an electric guitar using a spin wheel arrangement in the middle of a song. The spin wheel houses a pickup assembly with multiple pickups. The spin wheel allows a guitar player to easily roll neck pickup to bridge position and bridge pickup to neck position in middle of a song by rotating the spin wheel. A click stop arrangement halts wheel rotation after completing a semi-circular rotation around a center screw. The backend portion of pickups is connected to spring loaded plunger. The contact pads at bottom portion of guitar body establishes electrical connections between pickups and control components. The pickups under the strings get activated. The spin wheel arrangement allows a guitar player to add favorite pickups for generating various tonalities beyond the limit of a single guitar.

Abstract: An audio system includes a plurality of near-field speakers arranged in a listening area. A plurality of cross-talk cancellation filters are coupled to the speakers. The speakers and the filters are arranged to provide first and second listening zones in the listening area such that audio from the first listening zone is cancelled in the second listening zone and vice versa. The system also includes at least one audio source providing audio content. Volume-based equalization circuitry receives an audio signal representing audio content for the first listening zone from the audio source and controls a volume adjustment applied to the audio signal to control a volume of audio in the first listening zone. The circuitry limits attenuation or amplification of a first frequency portion of the audio signal when a volume setting differential corresponding to a difference between volume settings for the first and second zones exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A system includes a speech recognition processor, a depth sensor coupled to the speech recognition processor, and an array of microphones coupled to the speech recognition processor. The depth sensor is operable to calculate a distance and a direction from the array of microphones to a source of audio data. The speech recognition processor is operable to select an acoustic model as a function of the distance and the direction from the array of microphones to the source of audio data. The speech recognition processor is operable to apply the distance measure in the microphone array beam formation so as to boost portions of the signals originating from the source of audio data and to suppress portions of the signals resulting from noise.

Abstract: A speech recognition engine is provided voice data indicative of at least a brand of a target appliance. The speech recognition engine uses the voice data indicative of at least a brand of the target appliance to identify within a library of codesets at least one codeset that is cross-referenced to the brand of the target appliance. The at least one codeset so identified is then caused to be provisioned to the controlling device for use in commanding functional operations of the target appliance.

Abstract: The methods, apparatus, and systems described herein assist a user with a request. The methods in part retrieve or determine a personality type of the user from three or more personality types based on one or more user communications, determine a set of outputs based on the user communication, rank outputs based on the user's personality, engage with an external service to perform an action based on the communication, and determine a distress level or engagement level of the user, or both, based on the ranked and selected output and the modality of delivery, and weight the ranked and selected outputs for one or more future interactions with the user.

Abstract: A method for processing a signal in the form of consecutive sample blocks, the method comprising filtering in a transformed domain of sub-bands, and particularly equalization processing, applied to a current block in the transformed domain, and filtering-adjustment processing that is applied in the transformed domain to at least one block adjacent to the current block.

Abstract: Concealing a lost audio frame of a received audio signal by performing a sinusoidal analysis of a part of a previously received or reconstructed audio signal, wherein the sinusoidal analysis involves identifying frequencies of sinusoidal components of the audio signal, applying a sinusoidal model on a segment of the previously received or reconstructed audio signal, wherein said segment is used as a prototype frame in order to create a substitution frame for a lost audio frame, and creating the substitution frame for the lost audio frame by time-evolving sinusoidal components of the prototype frame, up to the time instance of the lost audio frame, in response to the corresponding identified frequencies.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for compression and decoding of audio data are generally disclosed. An example device for compressing higher order ambisonic (HOA) coefficients representative of a soundfield includes a memory configured to store audio data and one or more processors configured to: determine when to use ambient HOA coefficients of the HOA coefficients to augment one or more foreground audio objects obtained through decomposition of the HOA coefficients based on one or more singular values also obtained through the decomposition of the HOA coefficients, the ambient HOA coefficients representative of an ambient component of the soundfield.

Abstract: In general, techniques are directed to intermediate compression of higher order ambisonic audio data. For example, a device comprising a processor and a memory may be configured to perform the techniques. The memory may be configured to store an intermediately formatted audio data generated as a result of an intermediate compression of higher order ambisonic audio data. The one or more processors may be configured to process the intermediately formatted audio data.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a new method for improving the performance of a real-valued filterbank based spectral envelope adjuster. By adaptively locking the gain values for adjacent channels dependent on the sign of the channels, as defined in the application, reduced aliasing is achieved. Furthermore, the grouping of the channels during gain-calculation, gives an improved energy estimate of the real valued subband signals in the filterbank.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for determining a signal coding mode. The signal coding mode may be determined or changed according to whether a current frame corresponds to a silence period and by using a history of speech or music presence possibilities.

Abstract: To input the voice of the passenger of a vehicle and output a piece of high-quality enhanced speech independently of the direction of a piece of speech or noise, a speech processing apparatus includes a first microphone that is provided on one of a ceiling member in a vehicle and an accessory thereof, inputs a sound mixture including a voice of a passenger of the vehicle and noise in the vehicle, and outputs a first signal, a second microphone that is provided on one of the ceiling member in the vehicle and the accessory thereof at a position farther than the first microphone when viewed from the passenger of the vehicle, inputs the noise in the vehicle while insulating the voice of the passenger of the vehicle using one of the ceiling member of the vehicle and the accessory thereof, and outputs a second signal, and a noise suppressor that outputs an enhanced speech signal based on the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: The embodiments herein disclose a device and a method for controlling noise in a wideband communication system. In one embodiment herein, multiple microphones for receiving wideband audio signals are provided. A processor is configured to analyze each wideband audio signal received by each microphone. Further, unique signal patterns are generated based on each analyzed wideband signals for each microphone and the unique signal patterns are compared to detect any identical signal patterns. A controller is also provided for controlling gains of those microphones that are detected to be receiving wideband audio signal of identical signal patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a speech signal is provided.

Abstract: A voice processing device includes a first sound collecting unit for generating a first voice signal; a human-body vibration obtaining unit for generating a human-body vibration signal; a first distance calculating unit for calculating a ratio in power or amplitude between the human-body vibration signal and the first voice signal and for calculating a first distance from the first sound collecting unit to a sound source in accordance with the ratio and distance estimation information; a second distance calculating unit for calculating, for each of a plurality of frequencies, a second distance from the first sound collecting unit to a sound source which produces a component of a frequency of a first frequency signal; a gain determining unit for determining, for each of the plurality of frequencies, a gain based on a comparison result between the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding an audio signal. According to the present application, a signal of a high frequency band above a preset frequency band is adaptively encoded or decoded in the time domain or in the frequency domain by using a signal of a low frequency band below the preset frequency band. As such, the sound quality of a high frequency signal is not deteriorate even when an audio signal is encoded or decoded by using a small number of bits and thus coding efficiency may be maximized.

Abstract: An audio playback device may drive an audio reproduction device at a volume level. An audio capture device may convert sound waves into audio input. An environment sensing device may detect, based on the audio input, environmental conditions surrounding a user of the audio playback device, the environmental conditions including a loudness estimation indicative of a level of background noise included in the audio input and an audio content classification indicative of presence of speech in the audio input. The environment sensing device may also determine, according to the environmental conditions, a playback action to alter the volume level being provided by the audio playback device, and provide, to the audio playback device, an adjustment to the volume level in accordance with the playback action.

Abstract: An audio signal processing device that includes: a processor configured to execute a procedure, the procedure comprising: detecting a speech segment of an audio signal; suppressing noise in the audio signal; and adjusting an amount of suppression of noise such that the amount of suppression during a specific period, which starts from a position based on a terminal end of the detected speech segment and is a period shorter than a period spanning from the terminal end of the detected speech segment to a starting end of a next speech segment, becomes greater than in other segments, and a memory configured to store audio signals before and after noise suppression and the amount of suppression before and after adjustment.

Abstract: A described read request may be received. An object and a descriptor may be returned in response to the described read request. The object may be retrieved from a volume. The object may be analyzed to generate the descriptor, which may indicate whether the object is a tape mark or a data record.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes forming a first portion of a thin film writer structure on a substantially planar portion of a substrate such that planes of deposition of the first portion of the writer structure are substantially parallel to a plane of the substrate; forming a portion of a write gap of the writer structure at an angle of greater than 0° relative to the substantially planar portion of the substrate; and causing the writer structure to tilt at an angle relative to the plane of the substrate such that a plane of deposition of the write gap is oriented about perpendicular to a final media-facing surface of the writer structure.

Abstract: An optical medium reproduction device includes: a detection unit configured to form detection signals of respective channels by dividing a cross-section of a beam returning from the optical medium into a plurality of regions and performing division into at least one channel corresponding to the region at an outer side in a radial direction, at least one channel corresponding to the region that is different in position in a tangential direction, and a channel corresponding to the other regions, and, in a case of forming the detection signals of the channels, form the detection signal of at least one of the channels by weighting and adding a signal in a predetermined region among the plurality of regions; a multi-input equalizer unit configured to include a plurality of equalizer units to which the respective detection signals of the plurality of channels are supplied, and configured to form an equalized signal on the basis of the detection signals of the plurality of channels; and a binarization unit configure

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for data presentation using video. Embodiments commence upon invoking a computer-implemented task to receive a user credential, which credential is used to determine and access one or more initial search corpora. Information in the initial search corpora are analyzed to determine at least one attribute pertaining to the information. The attribute, such as a performance metric or attribute, is used to evaluate various scene conditions comprising one or another forms of decision criteria based on the attribute or performance metric. A scene condition is then used to determine the content of a particular next scene, wherein the content can comprise new information, which in turn is used in evaluation of another scene condition to determine yet another next scene. The process continues iteratively or recursively wherein determining the next scene is based at least in part on the scene condition of another scene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for bounding an object in a video sequence Fx,y,t. The method includes obtaining a subset of pixels located in the object to annotate, in each frame of the video sequence. Spatio-temporal slicing is performed on the video sequence Fx,y,t, centered on the obtained subsets of pixels, resulting in a first image Fy,t obtained by an horizontal concatenation of first slices, comprising the obtained subsets of pixels, and resulting in a second image Fx,t obtained by a vertical concatenation of second slices. A trajectory of the obtained subsets of pixels is displayed on both the first Fy,t and second Fx,t image. A bounding form around the object to annotate is obtained out of four points in each frame of the video sequence, wherein the coordinates of the four points of a frame t are obtained from the coordinates of the points located in the first and second boundary of the first and second image for that frame t.

Abstract: A data storage device carrier includes a first supporting bracket and an upper cover. The first supporting bracket includes a first bottom plate and two first side plates, each of the first side plates defines an opening on an upper end and a sliding slot; the upper cover is slidably attached to the first supporting bracket, the first supporting bracket is configured to accommodate the first data storage device, the limiting columns are respectively received in the sliding slots via the openings, the top plate is configured to resist the upper surface of the first data storage device, the top plate comprises a connecting piece for connecting with another supporting bracket. A data storage system is further disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a plurality of parts, a frame having an outer periphery surrounding the plurality of parts and formed from resin, a circuit board disposed at one side in a first direction with respect to the plurality of parts, a chassis disposed at the one side in the first direction with respect to the plurality of parts, attached to the frame, and formed from metal, and a metal plate disposed at the other side in the first direction with respect to at least one of the plurality of parts and attached to the frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory package. The memory package includes a nonvolatile memory chip, a volatile memory chip of which an access speed is faster than an access speed of the nonvolatile memory chip, and a logic chip for performing a refresh operation about the volatile memory chip in response to a refresh command from an external device, and migrating at least a portion of data stored in the nonvolatile memory chip to the volatile memory chip when the refresh operation is performed.

Abstract: A POR circuit includes a voltage divider coupleable between a supply voltage and a POR trace, including a first element coupled between the supply voltage and a node, and a second element coupled between the node and the POR trace. A switch is drain to source coupled between the POR trace and a reference voltage. A first decoupling capacitor is coupled between the POR trace and the reference voltage. A second decoupling capacitor is coupled between the node and the reference voltage. ESD protection for an integrated circuit includes charging a node of a voltage divider coupled between a supply voltage and a POR trace to a predetermined percentage of the supply voltage, decoupling high frequency noise with a first decoupling capacitor between the POR trace and a reference voltage, and decoupling low frequency noise with a second decoupling capacitor between the node and the reference voltage.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a power-up signal generation circuit block suitable for generating a power-up signal during a power-up section of a source voltage, a delay circuit block suitable for generating a plurality of delay signals by sequentially delaying the power-up signal, and a plurality of internal circuit blocks sequentially initialized in response to a corresponding one of the power-up signal and the delay signals.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device includes: a plurality of memory cell arrays; a plurality of bidirectional data buses provided in correspondence with respective ones of the plurality of memory cell arrays; a plurality of bidirectional buffer circuits, which are provided in correspondence with respective ones of the memory cell arrays, capable of connecting adjacent bidirectional data buses serially so as to relay data in the bidirectional data buses; and a control circuit for controlling activation of the bidirectional buffer circuits. The bidirectional buffer circuit is arranged so as to invert logic and the bidirectional buffer circuit is arranged so as not to invert logic.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a memory cell, a memory array, and methods for writing a memory cell. In an example embodiment, a memory cell comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, and a differential sense amplifier. The first transistor is a Vt-modifiable n-channel transistor and the second transistor is a Vt-modifiable p-channel transistor, each transistor having first and second main electrodes. The first main electrodes of the first and second transistors are connected together. The differential sense amplifier is connected to the second main electrodes of the first and the second transistor. The differential sense amplifier is adapted for sensing the current difference between the first transistor and the second transistor.

Abstract: An example apparatus comprises an array of memory cells coupled to sensing circuitry. The apparatus can include a control component configured to cause computing of a data value equal to a logical OR between the digit of a mask and a data value stored in a memory cell located in a row at a column of the array corresponding to a digit of a vector stored in the array. The control component can cause storing of the data value equal to the logical OR in the memory cell located in the row at the column of the array corresponding to the digit of the vector.