Abstract: A hardware system is disclosed for active-core-based performance boost. In an example aspect, the hardware system includes multiple cores and a power mode manager. Each core can be powered up if active or powered down if inactive. The power mode manager manages a power mode collection including an independent power mode collection and an active-core-dependent power mode collection. The power mode manager includes a software-accessible power mode manager and a hardware-reserved power mode manager. The software-accessible power mode manager provides a power-mode-triggering pathway to enable software to trigger activation of an independent power mode of the independent power mode collection. The hardware-reserved power mode manager excludes the software from being able to trigger activation of a dependent power mode of the active-core-dependent power mode collection and triggers activation of a dependent power mode of the active-core-dependent collection based on a number of active cores of the multiple cores.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) implements an industry standard-defined peripheral interconnect to connect to another integrated circuit or component in a system. The industry standard specification includes a software interface that is well-defined and implemented by various software in the system, and thus is desirable to retain. However, the physical interconnect in the systems employing the integrated circuit may be short, and thus the elaborate physical layer definition may consume more integrated circuit area and power than is otherwise desirable in the IC. The IC may implement a simpler and more power-efficient physical layer, reducing both power consumption and semiconductor substrate area consumption, in some embodiments.

Abstract: A distance sensing substrate, a display device, a display system, and a resolution adjustment method are disclosed. The above distance sensing substrate includes a particle emitter for emitting a first particle beam to a viewer; a particle receiver for receiving the first particle beam reflected by the viewer; and a processing unit for obtaining an energy density of the emitted first particle beam and an energy density of the received first particle beam. The resolution of the display screen can be adjusted based on the viewing distance from the viewer to the display screen. When the viewing distance of the user is relatively large, the resolution of the display screen will be reduced appropriately, so as to reduce a power consumption of the display screen on the premise of ensuring a viewing effect of the user.

Abstract: Haptic effects are automatically localized on a user's body based on multimedia content or its associated metadata. A haptic effect generator analyzes multimedia content to determine haptic events that occur in the multimedia content. It then generates a haptic effect based on the haptic event. A localizer receives the haptic effect from the haptic effect generator and automatically correlates the haptic effect to a portion of a body based on multimedia content information. The multimedia content information can include the multimedia content and the metadata and the like. The localizer uses a threshold value associated with the haptic event to determine when and where the haptic effect should be localized. The localizer can also utilize a body model to facilitate in localizing the haptic effect.

Abstract: A virtual-reality (VR) system includes a head-mounted display (HMD) to receive video input from a stationary computer in a first mode of operation and from a mobile computer in a second mode of operation, and to display images corresponding to the video input. The VR system also includes a headband to secure the HMD on a user's head and a holder mounted on the headband to detachably support the mobile computer.

Abstract: A ride system includes at least one ride vehicle. The at least one ride vehicle is configured to receive a ride passenger. The ride system includes electronic goggles configured to be worn by the ride passenger. The electronic goggles include a camera and a display. The ride system includes a computer graphics generation system communicatively coupled to the electronic goggles, and configured to generate streaming media of a real world environment based on image data captured via the camera of the electronic goggles, generate one or more virtual augmentations superimposed on the streaming media of the real world environment, and to transmit the streaming media of the real world environment along with the one or more superimposed virtual augmentations to be displayed on the display of the electronic goggles.

Abstract: A method including generating a virtual space image for displaying on a head mounted display (HMD). The method further includes acquiring a rotational direction and a rotational speed of the HMD. The method further includes subjecting the virtual space image to blurring processing based on the rotational direction and the rotational speed, the blurring processing being performed on end regions of the virtual space image on both sides of the virtual space image in a direction corresponding to the rotational direction, a size of the end regions corresponding to the rotational speed, and an intensity of blurring of the end regions corresponding to the rotational speed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tracking intent or awareness based on a gaze of a user are provided. The method includes receiving gaze information of the gaze of the user; based on the gaze information, determining whether a function of the vehicle was activated by the user; in response to determining that the function was activated by the user, generating and storing historical gaze information in a database; and in response to determining that the function is not activated by the user, calculating a probability that the function will be activated by the user during a processing cycle and generating and storing the historical gaze information in the database based on the calculated probability and size of the database. The apparatus and method may be used to track the gaze of a user of a vehicle and predict user behavior based on the historical gaze information.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle includes a plurality of displays having a first display that is configured to provide vehicle information to a driver of the vehicle, where the vehicle information includes speed information of the vehicle, a sensor configured to obtain eye tracking information of the driver, where the eye tracking information includes a gaze of the driver, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine, based on the eye tracking information, a second display of the plurality of displays to which the gaze of the driver is directed, select a first content to be displayed on the first display, where the first content is based on a gazed second content of the second display, and provide the first content to the first display to be displayed.

Abstract: In a gaze-tracking system, localized error correction may be applied. The display area may be partitioned into error-correction zones, and each zone may have its own error correcting parameters or function. Calibration points may be defined for each of these zones, and the correction parameters or function within each zone may be dependent upon the observed errors as the user views each calibration point associated with the zone. In like manner, the function applied to smooth the determined gaze point to reduce noise may also be localized by basing its characteristics on the noise exhibited at each calibration point associated with defined noise-calibration zones. The error correcting function and/or the noise smoothing function may be selected based on the requirements of the particular application that receives the corrected and smoothed gaze location.

Abstract: A method for determining correspondence between a gaze direction and an environment around a wearable device is disclosed. The wearable device may include an eye tracking device and an outward facing image sensor. The method may include receiving an input parameter and at least one scene image from the outward facing image sensor. The method may further include determining, with at least the eye tracking device, at least one gaze direction of a wearer of the wearable device at a point in time corresponding to when the scene image was captured by the outward facing image sensor. The method may additionally include determining, based at least in part on the input parameter, that a particular scene image includes at least a portion of a predefined image. The method may moreover include determining, based on the at least one gaze direction, at least one gaze point on the particular scene image.

Abstract: A finger mounted computer input device is provided. The device includes a housing adapted to be worn on a finger, a pressure response unit configured to convert pressure into movement, and a movement sensing unit comprising a motion sensor capable of measuring the movement of the pressure response unit in response to the pressure. The device allows a user to control a cursor on a computer screen and input command without the restrictive requirement of a rigid flat space, and is particularly suited the anatomy of fingers, thus ergonomic to a user's hand.

Abstract: An input detection method by a device to be worn on an arm by a band is disclosed. Output information of an acceleration sensor included in the device is acquired. The change to be an input is determined based on the output information, upon detecting a change corresponding to restraining by the band. The change represents a vibration caused by an impact applied to the device, the vibration alternately repeating a first motion and a second motion. The first motion is a motion in which the device moves in a direction of the impact. The second motion is a motion in which the device is pulled back in an opposite direction to the direction due to the restraining by the band.

Abstract: A device has a biometric sensor, a display, a light source, and a hardware processor. The biometric sensor measures biometric information of a user of the device. The display displays augmented reality (AR) content. The light source outputs a visual signal. The hardware processor performs operations comprising: identifying a task being performed by the user of the device, determining a disruption level based on a combination of the AR content, the task, and the biometric information, and generating, using the light source, the visual signal corresponding to the disruption level. The visual indicator visually alerts other users of other devices to avoid engaging the user of the device.

Abstract: One illustrative system disclosed herein includes a case configured to mechanically couple with a mobile device and position the mobile device such that the mobile device serves as a display for the case. The system also includes a processor coupled to the case and configured to generate a haptic signal based at least in part on a characteristic of the case. The system also includes a haptic output device in communication with the processor and configured to receive the haptic signal and output a haptic effect in response to the haptic signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods or a low profile haptic actuator are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system for a low profile haptic actuator includes: a moveable surface comprising a first coil, the moveable surface configured to move in a degree of freedom; a fixed surface beneath the moveable surface, the fixed surface comprising a second coil coupled underneath the first coil; a suspension coupled to the fixed surface and the moveable surface and configured to suspend the moveable surface; and a controller coupled to the first coil and the second coil.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for providing wearable device feedback based on detected gestures and patterns of the gestures are described herein. A system for providing feedback based on detected gestures and patterns of the gestures includes an accelerometer; a gyrometer; a magnetometer; a gesture detection circuit to: detect a gesture performed by a user of the system based on data from the accelerometer, gyrometer or magnetometer; and determine a pattern of the gesture; a processor subsystem to determine a feedback pattern and a feedback intensity based on the gesture and the pattern of the gesture; and at least one feedback element to provide feedback according to the feedback pattern and the feedback intensity. The at least one feedback element may include LED lights and/or haptic motors.

Abstract: A system and method for generating air plasma by radiating a laser in the air, and making a user feel a somatic sense such as a tactile sense, a thermal sense or the like using a principle of inducing a state change in a medium as a result of a shock wave or an electric field generated by the air plasma.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a haptic actuator includes piezoelectric material and a pattern of voltage electrodes coupled to a surface of the piezoelectric material. The voltage electrodes are individually controllable to supply voltage to different portions of the piezoelectric material. Different sections of the piezoelectric material are operable to deflect, producing haptic output at those locations, in response to the application of the voltage. Differing voltages may be provided to one or more of the voltage electrodes to affect the location of the deflection, and thus the haptic output. In various embodiments, a haptic output system incorporates a sealed haptic element. The sealed haptic element includes a piezoelectric component that is coupled to one or more flexes and is sealed and/or enclosed by the flex(es) and an encapsulation or sealing material.

Abstract: A method including recognizing at least one gesture to define at least one computer-implemented virtual boundary in a monitoring space, wherein the gesture includes a motion along a path and at a location in a monitored scene space wherein there is a correspondence between the monitoring space and the monitored scene space; causing implementation of the at least one virtual boundary in the monitoring space corresponding to the scene space, wherein at least part of the virtual boundary is determined by the path in the monitored scene space and the at least part of the virtual boundary is located in the monitoring space at a corresponding location equivalent to the path location; and processing received data to generate a response event when there is, relative to the at least one virtual boundary, a change in a portion of the monitored scene space.

Abstract: A gesture recognition system is shown using a 77 GHz FMCW radar system. The signature of a gesturing hand is measured to construct an energy distribution in velocity space over time. A gesturing hand is fundamentally a dynamical system with unobservable “state” (i.e. the type of the gesture) which determines the sequence of associated observable velocity-energy distributions, therefore a Hidden Markov Model is used to for gesture recognition. A method for reducing the length of the feature vectors by a factor of 12 is also shown, by re-parameterizing the feature vectors in terms of a sum of Gaussians without decreasing the recognition performance.

Abstract: An input device including a plurality of press buttons and a touch control area is provided. The press buttons provide a key input function, and the touch control area provides a touch input function. Each of the press buttons pushes against an elastic pad which is used as a sensing electrode of the touch input function and as an elastic recovery element of the key input function.

Abstract: A transmissive head-mount type display device including a display configured to display a virtual image, and capable of transmitting an external sight. The head-mounted display including at least one processor or circuit configured to obtain an object located in a predetermined distance range from the display, and a position of a specific object included in the external sight, control the display to display a virtual image associated with the obtained object, identify a change in the position of the specific object based on a position of the specific object obtained, select the object based on a relationship between the change in the position of the specific object identified and a position of the object obtained, and control the display to display a specific check image associated with the object selected as the virtual image.

Abstract: A foot-operated touchpad system and an operation method thereof are provided. The foot-operated touchpad system includes a touch-sensitive device and a foot-wearable pattern pad. The foot-wearable pattern pad includes a backing layer. The backing layer includes pattern areas that are positioned such that: when a human foot is placed on the backing layer, the pattern areas correspond to a fore part and a heel part of the human foot. A pattern is on one pattern area and patterns on different pattern areas are distinguishable from each other. Each pattern is rotation-sensitive. The pattern includes a number of stylus-type dots that are capable of interacting with the touch-sensitive device.

Abstract: A mobile terminal including a touch screen configured to display a video and a search bar for searching the video; a plurality of magnetic sensors configured to sense a spatial position of an input device including a magnetic field generator; and a controller configured to in response to a first touch input applied to the search bar using the input device, display a preview image at a play time point corresponding to the first touch input on the touch screen, and change a viewing angle of the preview image based on the sensed spatial position of the input device indicating the input pen is pulled away from the touch screen and spatially moved with respect to the touch screen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless charging mouse, a wireless charging mouse device and a charging method thereof. The wireless charging mouse comprises a wireless power reception circuit, a displacement detecting circuit, a wireless transmission circuit, a charging circuit, a control circuit and a power switching circuit. The wireless power reception circuit wirelessly receives an electromagnetic energy. The displacement detecting circuit detects whether the wireless charging mouse is moving. The control circuit outputs a displacement detecting signal and a power switching signal according to a detecting result generated by the displacement detecting circuit through the wireless transmission circuit. The power switching circuit receives the power switching signal and adjusts a ratio of an electric energy for working to the wireless charging mouse and an electric energy for charging to the charging circuit.

Abstract: A user terminal device and a control method are provided. The user terminal device includes a display, a sensor configured to sense a user interaction on the display, and a controller configured to, in response to a user interaction being sensed by the sensor of a touch being made by an input device of a polyhedral shape that includes different touch patterns on each of a plurality of surfaces, control a function of the user terminal device according to a touch pattern on a touched surface among the plurality of surfaces.

Abstract: An autonomous haptic stylus provides tactile feedback to a user writing or drawing on a smooth, uniform, touch-sensitive, glass display screen of a tablet, laptop computer, credit card point of sale device, or other device allowing a user to write or draw thereon. The stylus has an electrostatic detection sensor or a force/pressure sensor, which allows the stylus to detect certain characteristics of the display screen and to autonomously determine the position and/or velocity of the stylus on the display screen based on those characteristics. The position and/or velocity can be used to tailor the tactile feedback to the user. A display screen digitizer that provides driving signals for the row and column electrodes of a touch-sensitive display screen can be modified to transmit row and column information over the electrodes to allow a stylus to determine its position.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the braking force of a rolling ball or “trackball” comprises: a rotating ring in the form of a straight circular hollow cylinder, the ring comprising a flexible annular seal, the outer periphery of the cylinder comprising: an inclined oblong; a plurality of identical notches; a fixed support comprising: a circular void; a fixed pin and an indexing finger arranged so that, the ring being mounted in the void of the support, the fixed pin is housed in the oblong of the ring and the indexing finger in one of the notches of the ring, the rotation of the ring causing the displacement of the pin in the oblong, the indexed notch to change and a translational motion of the ring parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method for eliminating image sticking of an in-cell touch display and a mobile device using the same are provided. The method comprises the steps of: providing at least a first common electrode and a second common electrode in the in-cell touch display to perform touch sensing, wherein the first common electrode is electrically connected to a first pin of a touch control circuit through a first charge/discharge route, the second common electrode is electrically connected to a second pin of the touch control circuit through a second charge/discharge route; and in a time except for display time, controlling the first pin and the second pin so that a voltage of the first pin is higher than a voltage of the second pin for at least a first preset period, and then controlling the first pin and the second pin so that a voltage of the second pin is higher than the voltage of the first pin for at least the first preset period.

Abstract: A shift register unit, drive method thereof, gate drive device and display device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a touch panel and, more specifically, to a touch panel comprising: a substrate having an effective region and a non-effective region; a sensing electrode and a touch electrode formed in the effective region on the substrate; a wiring electrode formed in the non-effective region on the substrate and connected to the sensing electrode; a touch wiring electrode formed in the non-effective region on the substrate and connected to the touch electrode; and a coil part formed in the non-effective region on the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a processor and a housing having a first surface, a second surface, and a side surface. A touch screen display is exposed through a first area of the first surface. An optical sensor is disposed under a second area of the first surface that is adjacent to the first area. The optical sensor receives and/or emits an infrared ray. The first surface includes a substantially transparent glass layer, an opaque layer disposed between the glass layer and the second surface, and a color layer disposed between the opaque layer and the glass layer. The opaque layer includes an opening, a location and a size of which correspond to at least a portion of the optical sensor when viewed from the first surface. The optical sensor receives and/or emits the infrared ray through the opening, the color layer, and the glass layer.

Abstract: An optical touch sensor is disclosed which includes a plurality of light emitting bare dies attached directly to a first printed circuit board and placed at a first edge bordering an object surface, the plurality of light emitting bare dies being commonly encapsulated in a first encapsulation having a first reflective surface, and a plurality of light detecting bare dies attached directly to a second printed circuit board and placed at a second edge bordering the object surface across from the first edge, the plurality of light detecting bare dies being encapsulated commonly in a second encapsulation having a second reflective surface, wherein light emitted from the plurality of light emitting bare dies can be detected by the plurality of light detecting bare dies through reflections of the first and the second reflective surface, and wherein a light beam traveling from the first reflective surface to the second reflective surface is above and substantially parallel to the object surface.

Abstract: A method including applying a first excitation voltage to an electrode of a touch sensor which charges a capacitive node associated with the electrode from a first voltage level to a second voltage level that is greater than the first voltage level. A first measurement measures a charge to change from the first voltage level to the second voltage level. A second excitation voltage is applied to the electrode which charges the capacitive node from the second voltage level to a third voltage level that is greater than the second voltage level. The capacitive node is discharged from the third voltage level to a fourth voltage level that is less than the second voltage level. A second measurement measures a charge to change from the third voltage level to the fourth voltage level. A measured charge signal is generated based on the first measurement and the second measurement.

Abstract: An electronic device including: a first pattern part including first mesh lines in which a plurality of first cut line parts are defined; and a second pattern part spaced apart from the first pattern part in a first direction and including a plurality of second cut line parts in which a plurality of second cut line parts are defined. A first reference region is defined in the first pattern part; a second reference region having a same width and area as the first reference region in a second direction crossing the first direction is defined.

Abstract: A touch sensor includes a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, and a capacitance measurer configured to measure mutual capacitances between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes. Each of the first electrodes includes a plurality of loop patterns.

Abstract: The transfer film includes a temporary support and a photosensitive transparent resin layer formed on the temporary support, in which the photosensitive transparent resin layer includes a binder polymer, a photopolymerizable compound having an ethylenic unsaturated group, a photopolymerization initiator, and a blocked isocyanate, the binder polymer is a carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH/g or more, and the transfer film is to protect electrodes in electrostatic capacitance-type input devices.

Abstract: A low cost, two-dimensional, fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array, each pixel including a switch and a pixel electrode for forming a capacitance with a fingertip. One or more active transmission electrodes are spaced from a selected row of the pixel array, and transmit a carrier signal into the finger without direct coupling into the selected pixels. Signals sensed by the pixel array are coupled to an independent integrated circuit, and connections between the IC and the pixel array are reduced by demultiplexing row select lines, and by multiplexing sensed column data. Differential sensing may be used to improve common mode noise rejection. The fingerprint sensor may be conveniently incorporated within a conventional touchpad LCD panel, and can mimic the performance of lower density touchpad pixels.

Abstract: A touch window includes a substrate, a sensing electrode on the substrate, and a dummy electrode in the sensing electrode. The dummy electrode includes first to third dummy electrodes spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure is applied to touch technology, and provides an integrating circuit. The integrating circuit comprises an impedance unit, an amplifier, an integration capacitor, a discharge capacitor, a first switch and a second switch. The amplifier comprises a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal configured to output an output signal; the integration capacitor is coupled between the first input terminal and the output terminal; the first switch is coupled between the first input terminal of the amplifier and the second terminal of the discharge capacitor; and the second switch is coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal of the discharge capacitor.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying and discriminating between different types of contacts to a multi-touch touch-screen device are described. Illustrative contact types include fingertips, thumbs, palms and cheeks. By way of example, thumb contacts may be distinguished from fingertip contacts using a patch eccentricity parameter. In addition, by non-linearly deemphasizing pixels in a touch-surface image, a reliable means of distinguishing between large objects (e.g., palms) from smaller objects (e.g., fingertips, thumbs and a stylus) is described.

Abstract: The sensor device includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, an electrode substrate, a first support, and a second support. The first conductive layer is formed to be deformable sheet-shaped. The second conductive layer is disposed to be opposed to the first conductive layer. The electrode substrate includes multiple first electrode wires and multiple second electrode wires and is disposed to be deformable between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the multiple second electrode wires being disposed to be opposed to the multiple first electrode wires and intersecting with the multiple first electrode wires. The first support includes multiple first structures, the multiple first structures connecting the first conductive layer and the electrode substrate. The second support includes multiple second structures, the multiple second structures connecting the second conductive layer and the electrode substrate.

Abstract: A touch sensor, a touch detection device and a detection method, and a touch control apparatus are provided. The touch sensor comprises a first electrode layer, a rigid insulating layer, a second electrode layer, a compressible layer, and a third electrode layer disposed successively The compressible layer may change the distance between the second electrode layer and the third electrode layer when subjected to a touch pressure. The second electrode layer and the third electrode layer may form a capacitor structure, and the capacitance value of the capacitor structure may vary with the distance between the second electrode layer and the third electrode layer. The pressure information of a user's touch operation can be calculated from the change of the capacitance value.

Abstract: A method of capacitive sensing may include driving a first modulated signal onto a first sensor electrode in an input device and a second modulated signal onto a second sensor electrode in the input device. The method may further include receiving, simultaneously, a first resulting signal from the first sensor electrode and a second resulting signal from the second sensor electrode. The method may further include generating, based at least in part on the first resulting signal and the second resulting signal, a combination signal. The method may further include determining, using the combination signal, when the input device is not disposed in a predetermined low ground mass state, and when a ratio of capacitive coupling exceeds a predetermined threshold, first positional information regarding a location of the input object in the sensing region.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes a display stack and a controller. The display stack includes a display and a ground layer for generating an image for the display. The ground layer includes a plurality of columns. Each column of the plurality of columns includes a plurality of nodes. The controller provides voltages to a first plurality of nodes, respectively, of a first column of the plurality of columns of the ground layer such that a sum of the respective voltages of the first plurality of nodes of the first column is substantially zero. The controller also measures, to determine whether a touch event occurred, respective values at a second plurality of nodes of a second column of the plurality of columns. The respective values at the second plurality of nodes indicate an amount of charge transferred from the first plurality of nodes to the second plurality of nodes.

Abstract: A display device includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposed to the first transparent substrate, a display panel disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, a first touch panel disposed on a bottom face of the display panel, and a second touch panel disposed on an upper face of the display panel.

Abstract: A flexible display device, a flexible display device fabrication method and an electronic device are provided. The flexible display device comprises a flexible display panel having a first surface for displaying images; a flexible insulating layer disposed on the first surface of the flexible display panel and divided into a plurality of flexible insulating blocks; and a touch control unit disposed on the flexible insulating layer and comprising a first touch control electrode layer in direct contact with the flexible insulating layer. The first touch control electrode layer includes a plurality of first touch control electrodes. Any one of the plurality of flexible insulating blocks corresponds to at least one of the plurality of first touch control electrodes. In a direction perpendicular to the flexible display panel, a gap between any two adjacent flexible insulating blocks overlaps with a gap between two adjacent first touch control electrodes.

Abstract: A display apparatus capable of image scanning is provided including a contact sensor arranged in each unit pixel. The contact sensor includes a pixel electrode forming a contact capacitance by contact with a contact means; a reset transistor where a drain electrode is connected to a node where the contact capacitance is formed, and each of a gate electrode and a source electrode is connected to a first scan line to which a selective signal is applied; an amplifying transistor where a gate electrode is connected to the drain electrode of the reset transistor; and a detecting transistor where a drain electrode is connected to the drain electrode of the amplifying transistor, a gate electrode is connected to a second scan line to which a selective signal is applied, and a source electrode is connected to a readout line detecting a current corresponding to the contact capacitance.

Abstract: Technologies are described for pressure sensors used in display devices. In one embodiment, a reference ground layer and sensing pad can be positioned between a display substrate and a window substrate. Additionally, a compression region can be positioned between the display substrate and the window substrate. The compression region can be compressed so as to change a distance between the reference ground layer and the sensing pad. By placing the compression region between the window substrate and the display substrate, the air gap below the display substrate can be removed. In still another embodiment, the sensing pad is aligned over a frit layer, but it is divided into spaced-apart sub-regions that are serially coupled together. Gaps between the sub-regions are sized such that the laser can adequately penetrate through the sensor pad to melt the frit.