Abstract: A capacitive measurement device for indicating when two surfaces moving relative to each other are spaced less than a predetermined distance apart. The device comprises a probe having an elongated conductor, an insulating core, a conducting inner guard, an insulating interlayer, and a conducting sheath. A portion of the conductor, insulating core and conducting inner guard form a probe tip which extends beyond the insulating interlayer and conducting sheath by a predetermined offset. The probe is configured to extend from a first surface by a predetermined distance and to generate a signal when the tip is contacted by a second surface.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device for determining the position of a first object relative to a second object movable relative to the first object along a measurement direction includes a scale with a measuring graduation connected to the first object and extending along the measurement direction. A scanner is connected to the second object and includes a fiber-optic array including optical fibers. The fiber-optic array is configured as a fiber-optic plate having an image-input face facing the scale and an image-output face facing the detector array. The fiber-optic array transmits a light pattern into a detection plane of the detector array. An interstitial medium is disposed between the image-output face of the fiber-optic plate and the detector array to ensure that an amount of deflection that the beams exiting the image-output face undergo on a path to the detector array is smaller than in a case without the interstitial medium.

Abstract: A component for a sensor having a sensor element and having an output interface for the outputting of an electrical signal, which is dependent on a physical variable, from the sensor element to the output interface, including—a circuit with at least one first signal path for receiving the electrical signal from the sensor element and for conducting the electrical signal to the output interface, and a second signal path, which differs from the first signal path, for conducting the electrical signal to the output interface,—wherein an activity of the first signal path or of the second signal path is dependent on a position of the component in the sensor.

Abstract: A system and method for simulating activity of a fluid in a volume that represents a physical space, the activity of the fluid in the volume being simulated so as to model movement of elements within the volume. The method includes at a first time, identifying a first set of vortices in a transient and turbulent flow. The method includes at a second time that is subsequent to the first time, identifying a second set of vortices. The method includes tracking changes in the vortices by comparing the first set and the second set of discrete vortices. The method includes identifying one or more noise sources based on the tracking. The method includes determining the contribution of one or more noise sources at a receiver. The method also includes outputting data indicating one or more modifications to one or more geometric features of a device or an entity.

Abstract: Provided is a thermal flow meter to improve the measurement accuracy of a temperature detector provided in a thermal flow meter is a thermal flow meter to improve the measurement accuracy of a temperature detector provided in a thermal flow meter. The thermal flow meter includes a bypass passage through which a measurement target gas 30 flowing through a main passage flows, and a circuit package 400 which includes a measurement circuit for measuring a flow rate of the measurement target gas 30 flowing through the bypass passage and a temperature detecting portion 452 for detecting a temperature of the measurement target gas. The circuit package 400 includes a circuit package body which is molded by a resin to internally envelope the measurement circuit and a protrusion 424 molded by the resin. The temperature detecting portion 452 is provided in the leading end portion of the protrusion 424, and at least the leading end portion of the protrusion protrudes to the outside from a housing 302.

Abstract: A temperature sensing device comprising a plurality of thermocouples in a hollow tube, where the thermocouples sensing tips contact the outer wall of the tube, and a heat flux source that heats the hollow tube. The hollow tube is inserted through a cross section of a pipe perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. The apparatus measures a void fraction in a two-phase flow of a liquid-gas mixture flowing through the pipe. A process of measuring void fraction whereby the hollow tube is heated to an initial temperature, and in the presence of a liquid-gas mixture flow through the pipe the difference is calculated between the initial temperature of the tube and the temperature during liquid-gas mixture flow, to determine the void fraction in the two-phase flow of liquid-gas mixture through the pipe.

Abstract: There is described a fluid flow measuring and control device for installation within plumbing. The device comprises a main flow channeling system having an inlet and an outlet for connection to the plumbing, and a bypass channeling system in parallel from the main flow channeling system. A flowmeter is provided in the bypass channeling system for measuring the fluid flow in the bypass channeling system and thereby estimating the fluid flow at the inlet or at the outlet of the main flow channeling system. The flowmeter may comprise a wheel and a pair of movement sensors. A valve such as a solenoid valve can be provided as an on/off control for the plumbing. Using a microcontroller, the device can identify which appliance is used and determine consumption, or detect abnormal use or leaks and close the valve and/or notify a user mobile device.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a fluid consumption rate from a fluid tank is described. The fluid tank includes a fuel for an internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine provides power to a powered system. The method includes determining instantaneous fluid consumption; determining an operating condition of the powered system, the powered system providing a load on the internal combustion engine; determining the load on the internal combustion engine and a state of the internal combustion engine; and calculating the fluid consumption rate based on the instantaneous fuel consumption, the load on the internal combustion engine, and the state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A dispenser includes a dispenser body and a base, wherein the base is attached to the dispenser body and a piston in the base is seated in a fluid passage of the dispenser body to define a dispensing chamber which may be filled by movement of the dispenser body relative to the base and emptied by the return of the dispenser body to the original position relative to the base.

Abstract: Method for calculating a linearization curve for determining the fill level in a container from a filling height, said method comprising the following steps: acquiring three-dimensional data of the container with a mobile end device, having at least one optical camera, a depth sensor and a motion detector, establishing a three-dimensional model of the container, and calculating the linearization curve from the three-dimensional model for determining a fill level from a measured filling height.

Abstract: A pressure sensor system for determining fluid level in a tank, includes a pressure sensor constructed to exhibit a force value corresponding to a sensed force, and a computer operatively coupled to the pressure sensor. A tank containing fluid is also includes and there is a communication link between the pressure sensor and the tank, thereby allowing determination of the level of fluid in the tank by calibration and interpretation of the force value exhibited by the pressure sensor.

Abstract: Liquid level sensing apparatus are disclosed. An example liquid level sensing apparatus includes a cannula defining a body having a tip and an access channel. The tip to pierce a container, where the cannula is to be at least partially positioned in the container when the tip pierces the container. A probe is to be positioned in the access channel. A signal source is to electrically energize the probe and the cannula to cause the probe to emit a first signal and cause the cannula to emit a second signal.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for determining the filling level of a product in a tank, comprising a transceiver, an elongated propagation device, and processing circuitry coupled to the transceiver for determining the filling level. The propagation device comprises a first propagation device part comprising a cuff portion; and a second propagation device part comprising an end portion inserted in the cuff portion and joined together with the cuff portion by at least a first fastening arrangement. The first fastening arrangement comprises: a tab formed in one of the cuff portion and the end portion; and a recess formed in the other one of the cuff portion and the end portion. The tab is received by the recess to interact with the recess to prevent relative movement between the first propagation device part and the second propagation device part at least in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a measuring device for measuring a fill level of a material in a container based on time of flight principles, including components that serve to generate, transmit and receive a measurement signal and further serve to convert said measurement signal into an analog intermediate frequency signal having an expected signal frequency within a predetermined frequency range, said intermediate frequency signal including information corresponding to the fill level of the material in the container, wherein an analog to digital converter is provided that serves to subsequently sample the intermediate frequency signal, said analog to digital converter employing a sampling frequency less than the expected signal frequency of intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: A method includes generating first and second timing signals for a level sensor, where the timing signals have a timing difference. The method also includes determining whether the level sensor is able to generate the timing signals so that the timing difference obtains a target value while a control value in a control loop of the level sensor is within defined margins. The method further includes, in response to determining that the level sensor is not able to generate the timing signals so that the timing difference obtains the target value while the control value is within the defined margins, modifying the target value. In addition, the method includes determining whether the level sensor is able to generate the timing signals so that the timing difference obtains the modified target value while the control value is within the defined margins.

Abstract: Mass flow verification systems and apparatus may verify mass flow rates of mass flow controllers (MFCs) based on choked flow principles. These systems and apparatus may include a plurality of differently-sized flow restrictors coupled in parallel. A wide range of flow rates may be verified via selection of a flow path through one of the flow restrictors based on an MFC's set point. Mass flow rates may be determined via pressure and temperature measurements upstream of the flow restrictors under choked flow conditions. Methods of verifying a mass flow rate based on choked flow principles are also provided, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A vehicle load metering device, which is provided with a displacement sensing module, a signal processing/transfer-ring module and a signal receiving/processing module, wherein the displacement sensing module is provided with a plurality of displacement sensors combined with various elastic support devices of a vehicle suspension system respectively; various displacement sensors are combined with two support plates of a corresponding elastic support device, so as to sense the displacement amount of both upper and lower ends of the two support plates of the corresponding elastic support device; the signal processing/transferring module processes and transfers the displacement amount measured by the various displacement sensors of the displacement sensing module; and the signal receiving/processing module receives a signal and provides same to a vehicle load metering device which can be conveniently installed on a vehicle and accurately measure vehicle loads.

Abstract: A system of improved weighing utilizes accelerometers to compensate for measurement dynamics and non-level sensor orientation. Fill level of remote combines can be estimated by utilizing their historical harvesting performance and elapsed time or area harvested. Failure and degradation of weight sensors is detected by testing sensor half bridges. Loading and unloading weights can be tied to specific vehicles by utilizing RF beacons. Display location diversity is enhanced utilizing a mirror located as necessary while reversing the displayed image.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided an apparatus for processing an output signal of an analog-digital converter, includes: a first frequency conversion unit for converting a frequency of the output signal of the analog-digital converter so that a band where spurious components exist moves to a band where direct current components exist in the output signal of the analog-digital converter; a spurious component blocking unit for eliminating, from an output signal of the first frequency conversion unit, spurious components which have moved to the band where direct current components exist; and a second frequency conversion unit for restoring a frequency of an output signal of the spurious component blocking unit to the original frequency of the output signal of the analog-digital converter.

Abstract: A distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing system comprises an elongate body having an outer surface, an optical fiber disposed on the outer surface at a first predetermined wrap angle, and light transmitting and receiving means optically connected to the fiber for. The elongate body may include at least one substantially flat face, and/or a layer of swellable elastomer surrounding the body, and/or an outer elastomeric tube surrounding the elastomer layer. There may be at least one sensor pad disposed in the outer layer, the sensor pad comprising a stiffener and at least one longitudinal fiber affixed thereto or embedded therein. There may be a body of protective material surrounding the tube, which may have an outer surface that includes at least one substantially flat face and at least one sensor pad disposed in the body.

Abstract: Acoustic emission (AE) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transducers of the present disclosure utilize a spring-mass system and a capacitance-change transduction principle. The transducers include a dielectric layer between a fixed electrode and a moveable metal layer to reduce the stiction failure. The moveable metal layer may displace in a particular direction when interacting with elastic waves. Additionally, the moveable metal layer may be formed using an electroplating technique. In some embodiments, multiple spring-mass unit cells may be combined in parallel to increase the sensitivity of the transducer.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor including photoelectric conversion parts having a vertical overflow drain structure is made usable as, for example, a distance measuring sensor with high accuracy. In the solid-state image sensor, a pixel array part is formed in a well region of a second conductive type formed at a surface part of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type. In the pixel array part, photoelectric conversion parts each of which converts incident light into signal charges and has the vertical overflow drain structure (VOD) are arranged in a matrix form. Substrate discharge pulse signal ?Sub for controlling potential of the VOD is applied to a signal terminal. An impurity induced part into which impurity of the first type is induced is formed below a connecting part in the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a light source configured to generate light, and a modulator coupled to the light source and configured to modulate the light above a predetermined frequency. A slider is configured for heat-assisted magnetic recording and to receive the modulated light. A resistive sensor is integral to the slider and subject to heating by absorption of electromagnetic radiation and conduction of heat. Measuring circuitry is coupled to the resistive sensor and configured to measure a response of the resistive sensor due to absorbed electromagnetic radiation and not from the heat conduction. The measuring circuitry may further be configured to determine output optical power of the light source using the measured resistive sensor response.

Abstract: A brightness colorimeter having a measurement error caused by linearly polarized light, which is corrected, includes: a lens module to which light irradiated from one side is input; a polarization conversion module configured to penetrate the light input through the lens module to convert polarization characteristics; a spectral module provided in one unit block to reflect and penetrate the light input through the polarization conversion module so as to branch the light in different three directions; filter modules arranged on progress paths of the light branched in different three direction through the spectral module to penetrate monochromatic light beams having specific spectra among the light branched in the three directions; and measurement modules arranged to correspond to exit angles of the monochromatic light beams penetrated through the filter modules, to measure at least one of a brightness, a colorimeter and a defect obtained by the monochromatic light beams.

Abstract: An LED spectrofluorometer (100) for analysis of an object (101) includes a light excitation element (11, 112, 113) suitable for illuminating a study zone (101B) of the object with an excitation light beam (1), and an optical routing element (121, 122, 123, 124) suitable for collecting a fluorescent light flux (2) emitted by the study zone excited by the excitation light beam and for routing the fluorescent light flux to an optical spectrometer (131) for analysis of the light spectrum thereof. The light excitation element includes a first light-emitting diode (111) and a second-light emitting diode (112), the first light-emitting diode emitting at a first wavelength (?1) between 250 and 300 nm and the excitation light beam being formed from one or other of the light beams generated by each light-emitting diode.

Abstract: An optical device including slots and an apparatus employing the optical device are provided. An optical unit device for selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves of a wavelength range, includes a material layer including slots. A gap between the slots has a distance such that the optical unit device has a Q-factor of about 5 or more.

Abstract: In a direct stimulus value reading type colorimetric photometer, first, second, and third colorimetric optical systems have spectral responsivities approximate to first, second, and third parts of the color matching function, respectively. A deriving unit derives a colorimetric value corresponding to a case in which the color matching function is selected as an evaluation function for colorimetry and a photometric value corresponding to a case in which the spectral luminous efficiency is selected as an evaluation function for photometry (i.e. “CASE”) from three signals. The spectral luminous efficiency is not consistent with any one of the first, second, and third parts. A fourth colorimetric optical system may have spectral responsivity approximate to the spectral luminous efficiency, and the deriving unit may derive the colorimetric value corresponding to the CASE from a fourth signal.

Abstract: A lens allows infrared light to pass therethrough. An infrared sensor includes infrared detection elements arranged in two or more columns. The infrared sensor is rotated around a scan rotation axis that passes through part of the lens to scan a detection range, and outputs an output signal indicating a thermal image of the detection range. At least two infrared detection elements in the infrared sensor are located at positions displaced from each other with respect to the scan rotation axis. Among the infrared detection elements, the number of first infrared detection elements having a smaller half-width of a point spread function in a scan direction than that in the direction of the scan rotation axis is larger than the number of second infrared detection elements having a larger half-width of a point spread function in the scan direction than that in the direction of the scan rotation axis.

Abstract: This relates to sensor systems, detectors, imagers, and readout integrated circuits (ROICs) configured to selectively detect one or more frequencies or polarizations of light, capable of operating with a wide dynamic range, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the detector can include one or more light absorbers; the patterns and/or properties of a light absorber can be configured based on the desired measurement wavelength range and/or polarization direction. In some examples, the detector can comprise a plurality of at least partially overlapping light absorbers for enhanced dynamic range detection. In some examples, the detector can be capable of electrostatic tuning for one or more flux levels by varying the response time or sensitivity to account for various flux levels. In some examples, the ROIC can be capable of dynamically adjusting at least one of the frame rate integrating capacitance, and power of the illumination source.

Abstract: In accordance with heat received from a target object, a visible light absorption element 10 changes a frequency component of visible light to reflect or transmit. The visible light absorption element 10 possesses a resonance frequency included in a visible light frequency region. The visible light absorption element 10 absorbs visible light of the resonance frequency. The visible light absorption element 10 thermally deforms due to temperature change to thereby change the resonance frequency, and absorbs visible light of the changed resonance frequency.

Abstract: Devices, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for a multiband detector are described herein. One or more embodiments include a multiband detector designed to detect an emission source including a broadband lens, a broadband detector, and a filter that allows electromagnetic radiation entering the system to be filtered into at least two wavelength bands before contacting the broadband detector wherein one or more wavelength bands are used to determine system functionality and wherein one or more other wavelength bands are used to identify the presence of an emission source having a characteristic particular wavelength or wavelength range.

Abstract: An unreleased thermopile IR sensor and method of fabrication is provided which includes a new thermally isolating material and an ultra-thin material based sensor which, in combination, provide excellent sensitivity without requiring a released membrane structure. The sensor is fabricated using a wafer transfer technique in which a substrate assembly comprising the substrate and new thermally isolating material is bonded to a carrier substrate assembly comprising a carrier substrate and the ultra-thin material, followed by removal of the carrier substrate. As such, temperature restrictions of the various materials are overcome.

Abstract: When the optical system is illuminated with an illumination light flux emitted from one extant input image point, an interference image generated by superimposing an extant output light flux output from the optical system and a reference light flux coherent with the extant output light flux is imaged to acquire interference image data, and thus to acquire measured phase distribution, and this acquisition operation is applied to each extant input image point. Thus, each measured phase distribution is expanded by expanding functions ?n(u, v) having coordinates (u, v) on a phase defining plane as a variable to be represented as a sum with coefficients ?n{Ajn·?n(u, v)}. When the optical system is illuminated with a virtual illumination light flux, a phase ?(u, v) of a virtual output light flux is determined by performing interpolation calculation based on coordinates of a virtual light emitting point.

Abstract: A temperature sensor that makes it possible to stably and accurately detect temperature irrespective of properties of a detection object surface, which includes a sensor holder extending from a front end side F toward a back end side B; and a sensor body that is held by the sensor holder to locate a thermosensitive device on the front end side F and from which lead wires that are electrically connected to the thermosensitive device are drawn toward the back end side B. The sensor body is supported by the sensor holder at both the front end side F and the back end side B.

Abstract: A temperature sensor comprises a temperature sensing element, a protective housing, and a heat transfer element. The temperature sensing element transduces a sensed temperature into an electrical output signal. The protective housing at least partly encases the temperature sensing element. The heat transfer element has an outer surface in heat conductive contact with an inner wall of the protective housing and receives at least a part of the temperature sensing element. The heat transfer element is formed separately from the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: A nanoscale temperature sensor is presented that is based on mechano-optical sensing. The temperature sensor features a nanoscale bilayer sensing member with a footprint of <100 nm. The sensing member is composed of two layers of materials with similar elastic modulus but different coefficients of thermal expansion. This difference in coefficients of thermal expansion causes the sensing member to mechanically deform upon temperature change. The deformation of the sensing member alters its optical properties, allowing the temperature measurement to be achieved by far field imaging with high throughput. Both the mechanical and optical properties of the sensing member are reversible thus allow stable and repeatable measurement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for measuring a force and/or a torque (Mt) on a machine element extending along an axis, using the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The machine element has a cavity extending along the axis and at least one magnetization region for magnetization purposes, extending circumferentially around the axis in an axial section of the machine element. The arrangement further includes at least one first magnetic field sensor, a second magnetic field sensor, a third magnetic field sensor and a fourth magnetic field sensor, each of which is designed to individually measure an axial direction component of a magnetic field caused by the magnetization and also by the force and/or torque (Mt) and each of which lies in one of the axial sections of the magnetization regions. According to the invention, at least the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor are arranged in the cavity of the machine element.

Abstract: An installation method and an apparatus of a strain gauge sensor are capable of driving an object to be measured to generate a deformation signal by a pushing/pulling force. At least two strain gauge sensors are installed on surfaces with different amounts of deformation and at an installation location of an electrical vehicle according to the installation method. The installation method includes Method 1: When a manual pushing/pulling force is applied, the installation location is deformed and the deforming action force is directly proportional to the pushing/pulling force. Method 2: When the pushing/pulling force is applied, the vehicle deforming direction at the installation location is independent to the pushing/pulling force moving direction. Method 3: The strain detecting direction of the strain gauge sensor is the same as the vehicle deforming direction at the installation location. Therefore, pulling or driving force data can be measured accurately.

Abstract: A measuring system and method that computes and analyzes sensor data fused with multiple mechanical and thermally induced strain measurements is provided. Further, the measuring system and method realizes physics-based relations between sensor readings due to mechanical and thermal sources by optimally de-coupling a total strain into its mechanical and thermal components. The measuring system and method also auto-tunes coefficients involved in the optimal de-coupling equations using sensor specification data and previous system test results for initialization.

Abstract: A method to determine a characteristic on a turbine shaft is provided. The method includes disposing a reflective/absorptive target comprising a plurality of markings in a geometric pattern on the component. A light emitting source will then be focused onto a predetermined starting position on the target. The plurality of markings will linearly traverse across the light emitting source from the predetermined starting position. The reflected/absorbed light pulses from the plurality of markings will be detected and recorded. From the timing of the recorded light pulses, the characteristic of the component is determined. The geometric pattern comprises at least two non-parallel lines and a third line including the predetermined position. A system to determine a characteristic on a turbine shaft as well as a method to determine the torsional deflection of a turbine shaft are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for measuring a force and/or a torque (Mt) on a machine element extending along an axis, using the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The machine element has at least two magnetization areas for magnetization purposes, extending circumferentially around the axis. In addition, there are magnetically neutral areas, each area being arranged axially between the magnetization areas and/or axially next to the magnetization areas. The arrangement further includes at least one first magnetic sensor, a second magnetic sensor and a third magnetic sensor, each of which is designed to individually measure a direction component of a magnetic field caused by the magnetization and also by the force and/or torque (Mt) and each of which lies in a different axial position. According to the invention, the third magnetic sensor lies in an axial position of one of the magnetically neutral areas.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for indirect detection of a torque of a rotatably mounted shaft includes a sensor with at least one sensor element arranged in the surroundings of a bearing of the shaft. The bearing is linked to a supporting structure. The sensor element is configured to detect a proportion of a bearing force acting in a predetermined direction. The torque of the shaft is configured to be calculated from the acting proportion of the bearing force. The sensor has at least one sensor body with an outer contour that supports a corresponding sensor element and is pressed into a receiving hole. The sensor element has a predetermined distance and a predetermined angle to the bearing.

Abstract: A measuring system is provided that includes a turbine engine thrust estimator that computes “virtual measurements” of dynamic engine thrust and other parameters of interest from test cell data in a very short amount of time. The measuring system ‘tunes’ a user's engine model, in a numerical propulsion system simulation, by optimizing system biases and health parameters to match the sensor outputs of a set of steady state data points across the operating range. The tuned model is then utilized by the measuring system to create a constant gain extended Kalman filter that is added directly within a code of the numerical propulsion system simulation. Results, including thrust, from the numerical propulsion system simulation with Kalman filter are then presented as ‘actual’ corrected data.

Abstract: An acoustic wave device fabrication method includes: forming on a piezoelectric substrate a comb-shaped electrode and a wiring layer coupled to the comb-shaped electrode; forming on the piezoelectric substrate a first dielectric film having a film thickness greater than those of the comb-shaped electrode and the wiring layer, covering the comb-shaped electrode and the wiring layer, and being made of silicon oxide doped with an element or undoped silicon oxide; forming on the first dielectric film a second dielectric film having an aperture above the wiring layer; removing the first dielectric film exposed by the aperture of the second dielectric film by wet etching using an etching liquid causing an etching rate of the second dielectric film to be less than that of the first dielectric film so that the first dielectric film is left so as to cover an end face of the wiring layer and the comb-shaped electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure detection device including a pressure detection unit configured to detect a pressure to be transmitted to a pressure sensor, and a flow channel unit on which the pressure detection unit is disposed. The pressure detection unit) includes a pressure sensor and a conductive protective film disposed in contact with the pressure sensor, the conductive protective film breaking contact between the pressure sensor and a fluid. The conductive protective film is formed of a conductive fluororesin material including a fluororesin material and a conductive material dispersed in the fluororesin material and is connected to a ground portion maintained at a ground potential.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are force sensors which include a sense die assembly and methods for manufacturing the sense die assembly and the force sensor. The disclosed sense die assembly, force sensor, and methods utilize wafer-level retention to hold an actuation element in a cavity of the sense die.

Abstract: A rapid pressure rise detection and management system that detects internal pressure changes in a transformer. The rapid pressure rise detection and management system communicates with one or more pressure sensors attached to a tank of the transformer and measures the rate of pressure change versus time. The rapid pressure rise detection and management system then compares this rate of pressure change against a set of parameters to determine if this pressure change is an internal fault requiring the transformer to be taken offline or external fault to be ignored. This rapid pressure rise detection and management system may be a standalone device or work with other monitoring/controlling equipment to expand its sensing and management capabilities.

Abstract: A pressure sensor can include a housing having a sense side cavity formed on a first side of the housing; a sense side diaphragm attached to the first side and over the sense side cavity, a sense die assembly placed in the cavity and attached to the housing; a reference side cavity formed in the housing, a reference side diaphragm attached to a second side of the housing and over the reference side cavity, and pin(s) electrically connected to the sense die assembly and extending outside the housing from the second side. The cavities are filled with oil. Manufacturing the pressure sensor can include mounting the sense die assembly onto the housing, attaching the sense side diaphragm to the first side of the housing, filling the cavities with oil, and attaching the reference side diaphragm on the second side of the housing and over the reference side cavity.

Abstract: In order to produce accurate sensor element in a simple way, the invention provides a method for producing a sensor element (10) for a pressure or force sensor, comprising the steps: a) providing a component (13) to be deformed, c) applying to the component (13) a sensor function and contact layer (24) consisting of a material with a k-factor between 2 and 10, d) planar ablation of the material of the sensor function and contact layer (24) by means of a laser, in such a manner that strain gauges (44) with a resistance structure with a meandering shape and contact pads (46.1, 46.2, 46.3, 46.

Abstract: A method of detecting natural gas releases that includes the step of traversing a target area with a gas-filter correlation radiometer having a field of view oriented towards the target area. The gas-filter correlation radiometer receives reflected radiation in a passband from the target area and produces gas-filter correlation radiometer signals from the received reflected radiation. A surface reflectivity spectral profile of the target area is determined. The presence of methane in the target area is then determined based upon the received reflected radiation and the surface reflectivity spectral profile of the target area.