Abstract: Compounds are of the formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), or are stereoisomers thereof, wherein: R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C20)alkyl; (C3-C20)alkenyl; (C3 C20)alkynyl; (C1-C6)alkyl-O—; (C3-C20)cycloalkyl; (C1 C20)haloalkyl; (C6-C20)aryl optionally substituted; (C6-C20)heteroaryl optionally substituted; R2 and R2? are hydrogen; (C1-C20)alkyl; (C1-C6)alkyl-O—; (C1-C6)haloalkyl; halogen;cyano; and nitro; Z1 to Z4 are diradicals of formula (III) wherein Al and A2 are O—or —NR3-, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1-C20)alkyl; and G is (C1-C6)alkyl; —P(?S)R5-; —P(?O)R4; P(?O)(OR4)-; —P(?O)(NR6R7)-; —S(=0)2-; S(?O)—; or —C(?O)—; and Y1 to Y4 are (C1-C8)alkyl; (C3-C7)cycloalkyl; (C6-C20)aryl optionally substituted; or (C6-C20)heteroaryl optionally substituted; and FG1 and FG2 are H, OH, or NHR8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the determination of the level of marker peptides in a sample derived from a bodily fluid of a subject presenting with non-specific complaints.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of hydrate thereof, wherein R1, A, m, and n are as described herein, for use in conducting immunodiagnostic assays for accurately measuring concentrations of circulating vitamin D, as well as for thyroxine and related analytes, estrogen and related analytes, and testosterone and related analytes.

Abstract: Blood typing systems and methods are provided. In one embodiment, the method may be achieved by applying a sample to a surface of a substrate having one or more binding agents immobilized thereon, wherein the one or more binding agents are capable of binding to one or more substances in the sample; substantially removing unbound material from at least a portion of the substrate having immobilized binding agent; and detecting substances bound to the one or more binding agents immobilized on the substrate; wherein the applying the sample to the surface of the substrate step is concurrent with the removing unbound material from at least a portion of the substrate step. Systems and other methods are also described and illustrated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reconstitution solution for spray dried plasma having a non-anticoagulant compound that does not bind calcium. When the reconstitution solution of the present invention is mixed with spray dry plasma, the reconstituted plasma mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation about the same as or greater than the starting plasma prior to spray drying. The present invention also relates to an assay for determining platelet adhesion and aggregation using microfluidic flow cell system having a shear flow. The assay assesses labeled whole blood samples having reconstituted plasma having spray dried plasma and a reconstitution solution; platelets; and red blood cells. After inducing a shear flow under conditions suitable for clot formation, coverage area of the platelets, intensity of the platelets, morphology, or a combination thereof is detected to determine platelet accumulation (e.g., platelet adhesion and aggregation).

Abstract: A method for evaluating a blood product of an individual are provided. Specifically, a method to utilize a microfluidic flow assay, which includes a substrate surface comprising lipid coated particles and microfluidic channels through which a blood product can flow. The lipid coated particles comprise functional molecules that can induce or inhibit the coagulation cascade.

Abstract: Biomarkers of NASH, NAFLD, and fibrosis and methods for diagnosis (or aiding in the diagnosis) of NAFLD, NASH and/or fibrosis are described herein. Additionally, methods of distinguishing between NAFLD and NASH, methods of classifying the stage of fibrosis, methods of determining the severity of liver disease, methods of determining the severity of liver disease or fibrosis, and methods of monitoring progression/regression of NASH, NAFLD, and/or fibrosis are described herein.

Abstract: An automated storage system for storing large quantities of samples in trays includes a storage compartment, a tray shuttle compartment abutting the storage compartment on one side and a plurality of independent modules on the other side. The modules perform processing of samples that are retrieved from the storage compartment by a tray shuttle, including extraction of selected samples from retrieved source trays and transfer of the selected samples into a separate, destination tray that can be further processed or removed from the system for use. The independent operation of the modules permits handling and processing to be performed simultaneously by different modules while the tray shuttle accesses additional samples within the storage compartment. In one embodiment, a vertical carousel is used to vertically align a desired tray with the tray shuttle, while the tray shuttle operates within a horizontal plane.

Abstract: Manually operated pipettors, widely used in clinical, forensics, pharmaceutical research, hospital and biotech laboratories to transfer small volumes of liquid, may be subject to positional errors, operator use errors and hidden performance degradation. Manual pipette performance cannot be accepted without monitoring and reporting. This invention concerns a computer controlled vision tracking and lighting system working in conjunction with a sensor controlled fluid dispensing device and controller to confirm pipette tip positional locations during aspiration and dispensing operations with automatic monitoring of liquids entering and leaving a pipette apparatus to digitally track a manual pipetting operation with a digital output file of validated liquid transfer results. The invention may also monitor possible error conditions and prevent improper liquid transfers during the manual process.

Abstract: A CTS nozzle achieves the object of reducing rubber chips produced when the CTS nozzle is inserted into and extracted from a rubber plug of a sample container during dispensing of a sample, thereby inhibiting the wear of the tip of the CTS nozzle. The CTS nozzle has two cut surfaces at its tip, and the pressure applied from the rubber when the nozzle is inserted into the rubber plug is dispersed onto the two cut surfaces without being deflected onto one of the cut surfaces. The pressure applied to the nozzle due to the resilience of the rubber being pushed away by the nozzle is thus dispersed and the rubber chips produced by the friction between the cut surfaces of the nozzle and the rubber are reduced. As a result of the reduced friction, the wear of the tip of the nozzle is minimized.

Abstract: An eddy current sensor for a rotary shaft and a rotary shaft apparatus. The eddy current sensor includes: a housing; one or more position detecting probes provided on the housing; and a rotating speed detecting probe provided on the housing. The eddy current sensor integrates the position detecting probe and the rotary speed detecting probe, such that while the eddy current sensor is detecting position displacement of the rotary shaft, the eddy current sensor may also simultaneously detect the rotating speed of the rotary shaft, which facilitates detecting and monitoring the rotary shaft more comprehensively. The detected position data and rotating speed data of the rotary shaft correspond to each other at any time, such that the working state of the rotary shaft may be analyzed more intensively.

Abstract: An air sensor system including a pressure or airflow sensor, a filter housing that defines an air flow path to the air pressure sensor, and a filter in the air flow path. The filter includes a micro filter and a hydrophobic membrane. The hydrophobic membrane is downstream of the micro filter in the air flow path to the pressure or airflow sensor.

Abstract: A system includes a device having a first surface configured to be exposed to airflow about an exterior of an aircraft, the device including a first self-compensating heater configured to heat the first surface, a first current monitor configured to sense a first measurement value representing electrical current flow through the first self-compensating heater, one or more processors, and computer-readable memory encoded with instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to receive aircraft flight condition data and produce an icing condition signal based upon the first measurement value and the aircraft flight condition data.

Abstract: At a time that a position detecting device is initiated, an arithmetic processing unit calculates the absolute position of a rotating shaft at the time of initiation, on the basis of first to third analog signals corresponding to first to third angles of rotation, which are detected respectively by first to third rotational angle detectors. During rotation of the rotating shaft, a current position counter detects a current absolute position of the rotating shaft by counting a number of pulses of forward rotation pulses or reverse rotation pulses, corresponding to the first angle of rotation detected by the first rotational angle detector, taking as a standard a total number of pulses corresponding to the absolute position of the rotating shaft at the time of initiation.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer for measuring a force includes a base element; a pre-loading element; at least one effective main seismic mass aggregation of pre-loaded parts capable of producing the force when being accelerated; a main piezoelectric ceramic element including a first piezoelectric ceramic; at least one compensation seismic mass aggregation of pre-loaded parts capable of producing a compensation force when being accelerated; a compensation piezoelectric ceramic element including a second piezoelectric ceramic. The first piezoelectric ceramic has a thermal sensitivity shift smaller than the second piezoelectric ceramic. The main piezoelectric ceramic element is oriented with respect to the force to be measured and the compensation piezoelectric ceramic element is oriented with respect to the compensation force such that the main electric charge and the compensation electric charge are opposite in polarity.

Abstract: A detection apparatus used for detecting an object includes a first platform, a second platform and a plurality of screws. The first platform includes a plurality of first circuit boards that are joggle jointed and combined with each other, at least part of the first circuit boards are electrically connected to each other, and a carrying table for carrying the object to be detected is disposed on the first platform. The second platform includes at least one second circuit board, a detection module being disposed on the second platform for detecting the object, and the detection module is electrically connected to at least a part of the second circuit board. The screws are connected between the first platform and the second platform. The detection apparatus is mainly made by joggle jointing the circuit boards, so that the manufacturing is easy, costs are low, and the detection apparatus is easy to assemble, has small volume and light weight, and is convenient to carry.

Abstract: A test device and a method are provided in the invention. The test device includes a first connection interface, a storage device, a processor and a second connection interface. The first connection interface is coupled to a device under test (DUT) and obtains power information from the DUT according to a first instruction. The storage device stores the power information. The processor is coupled to the first connection interface and storage device, when the first connection interface is coupled to the DUT, sends the first instruction to the first connection interface, receives the power information from the first connection interface, and stores the power information in the storage device. The second connection interface is coupled to an external controlling system, sends the power information to the external controlling system and receives a test instruction from the external controlling system to test the DUT.

Abstract: An electrical probe includes a base body and a probe head. The base body has a main body portion and at least one positioning portion, and the positioning portion protrudes from the main body portion. The probe head is detachably disposed on the main body portion of the base body. The probe head has an outer edge away from a side of a central axis of the main body portion, and the positioning portion protrudes from the outer edge.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a testing apparatus, a holding assembly and a probe card carrier. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the testing apparatus includes a basic circuit board having a first surface and a second surface; a holding assembly disposed on the first surface; a signal transfer assembly disposed on the second surface and electrically connected to the basic circuit board; and a probe card carrier configured to carry a probe card. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the probe card carrier is assembled to the holding assembly, the probe card is electrically connected to the signal transfer assembly.

Abstract: An isolated voltage probe includes: a conductor including a positive lead, a negative lead, and a resistance via which the positive lead and the negative lead are connected to each other; a magnetic sensor for measuring a magnetic field in a non-contact manner, the magnetic field being generated by a current flowing through the conductor; and a coaxial cable for transmitting a signal that is based on an output supplied from the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A current sensor includes: six or more bus bars; a core made of a magnetic material and having a base portion and seven or more arm portions which extend in a vertical direction from the base portion and are spaced apart from each other, and in which each of the bus bars is inserted into a gap formed between adjacent arm portions; and a main body configured to integrally hold the bus bars and the core in a state in which the bus bars and the core are insert-molded using polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or polyphthalamide (PPA).

Abstract: A current sensor includes, a bus bar through which a current flows, a magnetic detection element detecting a magnetic field intensity generated by the current, first and second shielding plates arranged so as to sandwich the bus bar between the first and second shielding plates, a first conductive plate made of a conductive nonmagnetic material, arranged between the bus bar and the first shielding plate, and a second conductive plate made of the conductive nonmagnetic material, arranged between the bus bar and the second shielding plate, wherein the magnetic detection element is arranged at a first conductive plate-side. A distance between the first conductive plate and the bus bar is longer than a distance between the second conductive plate and the bus bar. The first conductive plate includes a slit formed in the first conductive plate at an overlapping position, and the slit pierces the first conductive plate.

Abstract: A method of measuring superconducting critical current in persistent mode using superconducting closed loops which allow the persistent current to flow without any joints. This persistent critical current is different than traditional resistive critical current that is the upper limit of the superconducting current carrying capacity, and provides the information about the range of critical current in persistent mode that is more close to applications in MRI, SMES, and Maglev operations. The measurement can be used as a quality control method in the manufacturing process and a piece of crucial information to magnet manufacturers for the design and fabrication of magnet. The superconducting materials include the second generation superconducting wires (coated conductors) based on Rare Earth (RE) Barium Copper Oxide superconducting material (REBa2Cu3O6+x, REBCO), or any other type of superconducting wires that can be manufactured in the form of tape.

Abstract: A bidirectional current sensing circuit includes: a sensing resistor coupled between a load and a reference ground, a first and second auto-zero amplifiers coupled to the sensing resistor to sense the voltage across the sensing resistor, and an output transistor. One of the first and second auto-zero amplifiers operates in an output mode and the other of the first and second auto-zero amplifiers operates in a zeroing mode according to a polarity of a voltage across the sensing resistor. The output transistor has a first terminal providing a current sensing signal indicating a load current, a second terminal electrically connected to an inverting terminal of the one of the first and second auto-zero amplifiers operating in the output mode, and a control terminal electrically connected to an output terminal of the one of the first and second auto-zero amplifiers operating in the output mode.

Abstract: An input-voltage-off detection apparatus includes a voltage adjustment unit, a time delay unit, a voltage clamp unit, an auxiliary voltage discharge switch unit and an isolation notification unit. The voltage adjustment unit receives an input voltage. The time delay unit utilizes the input voltage to generate a direct current voltage. After the input voltage is cut off, the direct current voltage stored in the time delay unit discharges to the voltage adjustment unit. When the direct current voltage reduces to a predetermined voltage, the auxiliary voltage discharge switch unit is turned on, so that an auxiliary voltage winding sends a working voltage to the isolation notification unit. After the isolation notification unit receives the working voltage, the isolation notification unit notifies an electronic apparatus that the input voltage is cut off.

Abstract: A circuit chip is connected to a sensor chip in a sub-unit via a communication terminal, and includes an output wave formation circuit that performs communication by controlling a voltage of a power supply supplied from an electronic control unit (ECU) to raise a voltage level of an output signal. When the voltage of the power supply monitored by a voltage monitor rises above a threshold value, a control circuit lowers a voltage of a signal from the output wave formation circuit, thereby preventing an excessive rise of the power supply voltage used in a signal communication.

Abstract: A method and a system (110) for providing sound data for generation of an audible notification relating to power consumption at a site (120) are disclosed. The system receives (201) information about power consumption at the site (120); and The system determines (202) the sound data based on the information about power consumption and on preference of a user of the system (110). A corresponding computer program and a carrier therefor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of characterizing frequency fluctuations of a resonator comprising the steps of: a) driving the resonator, in a linear regime, by simultaneously applying two periodical driving signals having respective frequencies, the frequencies being different from each other and from a resonant frequency of the resonator, but contained within a resonance linewidth thereof; b) performing simultaneous measurements of response signal of the resonator at the frequencies of the periodical driving signal; and c) computing a value representative of a correlation between the measurements, the value being indicative of frequency fluctuations of the resonator. An apparatus for implementing such a method is provided.

Abstract: A capacitor sensor apparatus and a sensing method thereof are provided. Oscillation signals with different frequencies are provided to a driving circuit and a mixer separately. The mixer mixes the oscillation signal with a lower frequency with a band-pass filtered signal. A band-pass filtering operation for generating the band-pass filtered signal is performed on a sensing signal before the mixer performs the mixing operation.

Abstract: A system includes a power converter including a primary bridge unit to receive a primary voltage from a voltage source, the primary bridge unit includes a first plurality of electronic switches, and each of the first plurality of electronics switches has a turn ON time and a turn OFF time. Further, the power converter includes a transformer including a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is coupled to the first plurality of electronic switches. Also, the power converter includes a secondary bridge unit including a second plurality of electronic switches coupled to the secondary winding. Additionally, the system includes a controller to determine an inductance of the power converter based on the primary voltage, the turn ON time of the first plurality of electronic switches, a switching cycle time of the power converter, and one of an average current and a peak current in the power converter.

Abstract: A subset of mobile devices is selected from a set of mobile devices located in a local area. From a mobile device in the subset, a magnetic measurement value obtained by performing a magnetic measurement is received. The magnetic measurement value comprises a change in a magnetic property of an immediate surrounding ambient environment of the mobile device. When the magnetic measurement corresponds to a deviation in a network condition in a portion of a network, the portion being located in the local area, a conclusion is output that the deviation is caused by an electromagnetic disturbance (EMD), where an effect of the EMD causes the magnetic measurement value. A notification including an indication of the EMD and an identification of the local area is generated.

Abstract: Sensing the electric or strain field experienced by a sample containing a crystal host comprising of solid state defects under a zero-bias magnetic fields can yield a very sensitive measurement. Sensing is based on the spin states of the solid-state defects. Upon absorption of suitable microwave (and optical) radiation, the solid-state defects emit fluorescence associated with hyperfine transitions. The fluorescence is sensitive to electric and/or strain fields and is used to determine the magnitude and/or direction of the field of interest. The present apparatus is configured to control and modulate the assembly of individual components to maintain a zero-bias magnetic field, generate an Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) spectrum (with or without optical excitation) using appropriate microwave radiation, detect signals based on the hyperfine state transitions that are sensitive to electric/strain fields, and to quantify the magnitude and direction of the field of interest.

Abstract: A method of testing an electric discharge stun device includes the steps of identifying a stun device to be tested and absorbing a discharge from the stun device into a tester. The discharge is characterized by a discharge characteristic that is then compared automatically to information such as (a) a previous corresponding characteristic associated with a previous discharge of the stun device or (b) a corresponding characteristic associated with a prior discharge of at least one other stun device. The characteristic can be a waveform, a peak voltage, duration, current, joule, and temperature.

Abstract: Methods and locating systems for determining an insulation fault location on an electric conductor of a subsea supply line are provided. By applying electric voltage on the electric conductor, an electrochemical reaction takes place at an insulation fault location between the metallic conductor material and the seawater, said electrochemical reaction forming gas, which in turn is connected to developing noise. Sonic sensors capture the sonic waves produced thereby within and without of the subsea supply line and evaluate the measuring signals in order to determine the insulation fault location. Alternatively or additionally to capturing noise, the gas-bubble image patterns occurring at the insulation fault location are optically captured and consulted in order to determine the insulation fault location.

Abstract: A detecting circuit for a panel adapted for detecting a panel which has a grounding loop is disclosed. The detecting circuit for a panel includes a first switch and a first multiplexer. The first switch is electrically connected to the grounding loop and a first ground terminal. The first switch is off in a detecting mode and on in a protection mode. The first multiplexer is electrically connected to the grounding loop and a second ground terminal. In the detecting mode, the current path between a first signal terminal of the first multiplexer and the grounding loop is conducted by the first multiplexer. In the protection mode, the current path between the second ground terminal and the grounding loop is conducted by the first multiplexer.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, an optoelectronic assembly is disclosed with at least one optoelectronic component, and a sensor circuit. The sensor circuit includes at least one energy supply circuit and an ascertainment circuit having at least one energy storage unit and a detection unit. The ascertainment circuit and the at least one optoelectronic component are electrically connected to one another in parallel. The at least one energy supply circuit is configured to supply electrical energy to the at least one optoelectronic component and the energy storage unit. The energy stored in the energy storage unit is supplied independently of the electrical energy supplied to the at least one optoelectronic component. The ascertainment circuit is configured such that the detection unit detects a change of the electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit depending on a change of the energy stored in the at least one optoelectronic component.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes, by one or more processors in electronic communication with a tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, wherein the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor is a component of a magnetic storage drive configured to read magnetic data from a magnetic storage medium, detecting a short across the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, measuring a change in resistance of the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, measuring a change in voltage amplitude for the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, and dividing said change in voltage amplitude by said change in resistance to yield a ratio. The computer-implemented method further includes, responsive to the ratio being greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, determining that the short is caused by a magnetic shunt. A corresponding computer program product and computer system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems automatically detect, classify and/or mitigate sensor errors using partial qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the subsystems. In various examples, sensor fault detection is performed with a custom designed representation scheme covering causality, correlation, system of equality and inequalities, and an associated logic. The logic is described by a set of algorithmic steps to iteratively assign trustworthiness level of sensors. Sensor fault classification is performed by combining mathematical and statistical techniques that can be utilized to expose bias, drift, multiplicative calibration error, precision degradation and spike error. Sensor fault mitigation is also performed on identified bias, drift, multiplicative calibration error, precision degradation and spike error.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes, by one or more processors in electronic communication with a tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, wherein the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor is a component of a magnetic storage drive configured to read magnetic data from a magnetic storage medium, detecting a short across the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, measuring a change in resistance of the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, measuring a change in voltage amplitude for the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor, and dividing said change in voltage amplitude by said change in resistance to yield a ratio. The computer-implemented method further includes, responsive to the ratio being greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, determining that the short is caused by a magnetic shunt. A corresponding computer program product and computer system are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a method for assembling a connectorized electrical equipment. A connectivity list required for the connectorized electrical equipment is provided, comprising an origin connector and its identifier, a destination electrical equipment subpart and its identifier thereof; and a list of connections between the origin connector and the destination electrical equipment subpart. By querying a database comprising a library of connectors, a construction plan is generated for the connectorized electrical equipment. The construction plan includes diagrams for assembly, images to assist the assembler, a list of material for managing inventory and instructions. An ATE can be connected to the connectorized electrical equipment to be assembled. Based on the construction plan, instructions are provided for a connection between the origin connector and the destination electrical equipment subpart. Connections can be made manually or using the ATE.

Abstract: Examples of techniques for burn-in testing of an individually personalized device configuration are disclosed. In one example implementation according to aspects of the present disclosure, a computer-implemented method may include: retrieving the individually personalized device configuration; enabling a device to receive the individually personalized device configuration, wherein the device is one of a plurality of devices; and loading the individually personalized device configuration to the device that is enabled, wherein other devices of the plurality of devices are disabled from receiving the individually personalized device configuration.

Abstract: A method and associated systems for using direct sums and invariance groups to optimize the testing of partially symmetric quantum-logic circuits is disclosed. A test system receives information that describes the architecture of a quantum-logic circuit to be tested. The system uses this information to organize the circuit's inputs into two or more mutually exclusive subsets of inputs. The system computes a direct sum of a set of groups associated with the subsets in order to generate an invariance group that contains one or more invariant permutations of the circuit's inputs. These invariant permutations can be used to reduce the number of tests required to fully verify the circuit for all possible input vectors. Once one specific input vector has been verified, there is no need to test other vectors that can be generated by performing any one of the invariant permutations upon the previously verified vector.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for implementing customer-transparent logic redundancy in scan chains for improved yield of integrated circuits. More specifically, an integrated circuit structure is provided for that includes a plurality of combined latch structures. Each of the combined latch structures includes an original latch and a redundant latch. The integrated circuit structure further includes a plurality of combined logic structures. Each of the combined logic structures includes an original logic structure a redundant logic structure. Each redundant latch is a duplicate of each respective original latch within a combined latch structure and each redundant logic structure is a duplicate of each respective original logic structure within a combined logic structure such that a two-fold library of latches and logic is provided for one or more scan chains of the integrated circuit structure.

Abstract: A test circuit measures both the rising edge delay and the falling edge delay associated with a logic cell. The test circuit includes a flip-flop type ring oscillator with two groups of logic cells connected in series in the oscillation path. A first multiplexor switches the ring oscillator between a rising edge and a falling edge mode. A second multiplexer causes the second group of logic cells to be included or excluded from the oscillation path. By measuring the oscillation period in the various modes, the rising edge and falling edge delays can be individually calculated.

Abstract: A personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source is provided. Thermal control circuitry is used to isolate the energy emitting element from the power source when a temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds a threshold. A diagnostics routine is used to test the functionality of the hardware and software of the personal consumer product.

Abstract: An example system includes drive circuitry having outputs configured to provide drive current based on control parameters and having inputs configured to receive an output voltage of an electrical device. Simulation circuitry is configured to provide simulation signals based on the drive current and the output voltage. A controller sets the control parameters based on the simulation signals to control the drive circuitry to provide the drive current with an amplitude and phase to simulate a predetermined load condition for the electrical device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a voltage measurement unit that measures an output voltage of a battery and a voltage on a power supply path between the battery and an internal circuit supplied with electric power from the battery; a current measurement unit that measures a discharge current of the battery, and a processor, executing program instructions stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium, that calculates a theoretical value of the output voltage in a normal measurement mode assuming that the discharge current measured in a large current measurement mode is a maximum available current of the battery in the large current measurement mode, and calculates an amount of maximum available power of the battery in the large current measurement mode based on the calculated theoretical value of the output voltage and the voltage on the power supply path measured in the large current measurement mode.

Abstract: A method of detecting a state of charge of a battery, can include: obtaining an open circuit voltage in a present cycle according to an open circuit voltage of a previous cycle, a battery internal resistance of the previous cycle, and a battery capacitance of the previous cycle, where the battery internal resistance and the battery capacitance are updated according to the state of charge of the battery; and determining the state of charge of the battery according to the open circuit voltage in the present cycle.

Abstract: A state output apparatus includes a power storage device information acquirer configured to acquire power storage device information including a voltage and a current of a power storage device; an integrated current amount calculator configured to calculate an integrated current amount supplied to the power storage device during a period in which the voltage changes from a first voltage to a second voltage between a discharge end voltage and a charge end voltage by charging the power storage device; an integrated current amount comparer configured to compare the calculated integrated current amount with a reference integrated current amount stored in a storage device; and a state outputter configured to output a result of the comparison as information indicating a state of the power storage device.

Abstract: A method estimates physical quantities that are characteristic of an electric battery. The method includes acquiring values of a voltage across terminals of the electric battery and values of an intensity of a current output by the electric battery, over a determined duration. The method also includes obtaining the values of the physical quantities by solving a system of linear equations modeling an electrical behavior of the electric battery, unknowns of which are mathematically linked to the physical quantities and coefficients of which are obtained beforehand, by integrating voltage functions or intensity functions over the determined duration.