Abstract: In a cold-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition, a metallographic structure contains 40.0% or more and less than 60.0% of a polygonal ferrite, 30.0% or more of a bainitic ferrite, 10.0% to 25.0% of a residual austenite, and 15.0% or less of a martensite, by an area ratio, in the residual austenite, a proportion of the residual austenite in which an aspect ratio is 2.0 or less, a length of a long axis is 1.0 ?m or less, and a length of a short axis is 1.0 ?m or less, is 80.0% or more, in the bainitic ferrite, a proportion of the bainitic ferrite in which an aspect ratio is 1.7 or less and an average value of a crystal orientation difference in a region surrounded by a boundary in which a crystal orientation difference is 15° or more is 0.5° or more and less than 3.0°, is 80.0% or more, and a connection index D value of the martensite, the bainitic ferrite, and the residual austenite is 0.70 or less.

Abstract: A steel composition, a reinforcement part of a vehicle using the steel composition and a method of manufacturing the reinforcement part using the steel composition are provided. In particular, the steel composition includes increased content of carbon components and the steel composition is processed by rapid heating and immediate quenching.

Abstract: To obtain, at low cost, a fuel rail that maintains low hardness and good formability before being formed into a tube stock, can be made to form a welded pipe, and has high-strength properties with which the fuel rail can withstand a high fuel pressure even when formed so as to be relatively thin. A fuel rail for gasoline direct injection that is used at a fuel pressure of at least 30 MPa and is formed from an iron-alloy welded pipe. The fuel rail comprises an iron alloy that contains chemical components of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Nb, and Mo. The plate thickness t and the outer diameter D of the fuel rail have a ratio t/D of 0.2 or less. A bainitic structure can be precipitated by brazing the fuel rail in a furnace during manufacturing.

Abstract: A high-strength heavy-walled stainless steel seamless tube or pipe exhibiting excellent low-temperature toughness is characterized by having a chemical composition containing Cr: 15.5% to 18.0% and a steel microstructure containing a ferritic phase and a martensitic phase, wherein the maximum value of the areas of the ferrite grains in the steel microstructures in a circumferential direction cross section and an L direction (rolling direction) cross section of the steel tube or pipe is 3,000 ?m2 or less and the content of ferrite grains having areas of 800 ?m2 or less is 50% or more on an area fraction basis, where, when adjacent ferrite grains are present in the steel microstructure and the crystal misorientation between one ferrite grain and the other ferrite grain is 15° or more, the adjacent grains are assumed to be grains different from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a charging device for the heat treatment of workpieces being provided with a hub (3), comprising a charging support (8), a shaft (7) and at least one auxiliary hub (6), wherein the workpiece (1) can be vertically supported on the shaft (7) by means of auxiliary hub(s) (6) precisely fitted into the hub (3), and the shaft being supported by means of the charging support (8) as well as use of auxiliary hubs (6) for the dimensionally stable hardening of gear-wheels (1) in vertical position.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a microstructure that contains ferrite in an area ratio of 20% or more, martensite in an area ratio of 5% or more, and tempered martensite in an area ratio of 5% or more. The ferrite has a mean grain size of 20.0 ?m or less. An inverse intensity ratio of ?-fiber to ?-fiber in the ferrite is 1.00 or more and an inverse intensity ratio of ?-fiber to ?-fiber in the martensite and the tempered martensite is 1.00 or more.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a microstructure that contains ferrite in an area ratio of 20% or more, martensite in an area ratio of 5% or more, and tempered martensite in an area ratio of 5% or more. The ferrite has a mean grain size of 20.0 ?m or less. An inverse intensity ratio of ?-fiber to ?-fiber in the ferrite is 1.00 or more and an inverse intensity ratio of ?-fiber to ?-fiber in the martensite and the tempered martensite is 1.00 or more.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet includes a predetermined chemical composition, and a structure which includes, by area ratio, ferrite and bainite in a range of 75% to 95% in total, and martensite in a range of 5% to 20%, in which in the structure, in a case where a boundary having an orientation difference of equal to or greater than 15° is set as a grain boundary, and an area which is surrounded by the grain boundary, and has an equivalent circle diameter of equal to or greater than 0.3 ?m is defined as a grain, the ratio of the grains having an intragranular orientation difference in a range of 5° to 14° is, by area ratio, in a range of 10% to 60%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength welded steel pipe for airbag inflators that has high toughness and workability. A base material portion of the steel pipe has a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.02 to 0.08%, Si: 0.001 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0%, P: 0.1% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.1%, N: 0.01% or less, Ti: 0.01 to 0.20%, and V: 0.01 to 0.50%, with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The base material portion has a structure that includes a ferrite phase having an average grain size of 10 ?m or less at an area fraction of 90% or more and a Ti, V-based carbide having an average grain size of 10 nm or less and dispersed in the ferrite phase. The welded steel pipe has a high tensile strength TS of 780 MPa or more and a strength-elongation balance TS×El of 15,000 MPa % or more. The difference ?HV in Vickers hardness between the base material portion and the welded portion is 60 points or less.

Abstract: A method comprises: sorting and removing impurities from magnesium alloy waste material, and cleaning and drying said material, the cleaning comprising high-pressure rinsing, pickling, and water washing, performed in sequence; preheating the magnesium alloy waste material obtained in step a, and adding material, melting, refining, removing impurities, and alloying to obtain a magnesium alloy liquid; casting ingots from the magnesium alloy liquid obtained in step b, to obtain magnesium alloy ingots conforming to national standards. The method directly takes magnesium alloy waste material as a raw material to produce magnesium alloy ingots conforming to national standards; the addition of costly high-purity magnesium is unnecessary, and the number of castings in which the amount of harmful elements meets specifications accounts for 98% or more of the total number of castings; 2% slightly exceed specifications, which does not constitute a severe number of times specifications are exceeded.

Abstract: A method for vitrification of arsenic and antimony, comprising substituting oxygen to sulfur on thiosalts, incorporating resulting sodium arsenate and sodium antimonate into a sodium silicate glass-forming mixture and vitrifying the sodium silicate glass-forming mixture into a resulting glass sequestering the arsenic and antimony.

Abstract: In a ferrocoke manufacturing method by shaping and carbonizing a mixture of coal and iron ore, a hardly softening coal having a button index (CSN) of not more than 2.0 is used as the coal. The coal can be a blend of hardly softening coal and easily softening coal, and the hardly softening coal can be a coal having a button index (CSN) of 1.0 and a volatile matter of not less than 17%, and the easily softening coal can be a coal satisfying that a value obtained by multiplying CSN of easily softening coal by a blending ratio of easily softening coal in all coals is a range of 0.3-5.2. The coal can also be a blend of hardly softening coal and easily softening coal, and the hardly softening coal can be a coal having a button index (CSN) of 1.5-2.0, and the easily softening coal can be a coal satisfying that a value obtained by multiplying CSN of easily softening coal by a blending ratio of easily softening coal in all coals is nit more than 5.0.

Abstract: Binder compositions for agglomerating iron ore fines are provided, the compositions comprising: one or more types of modified starch and one or more types of synthetic dry polymers. A process for preparing iron ore pellets with the binder compositions is also provided, the process comprising: (i) adding a binder composition to particulate iron ore to form a mixture; and (ii) forming the mixture into pellets.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recovering scandium with which scandium can be efficiently recovered as high purity scandium oxide from a scandium-containing solution containing impurities such as iron without causing problems such as increased cost and safety problems. According to the method for recovering scandium according to the present invention, the pH of a solution containing scandium and iron (scandium-containing solution) is adjusted within the range of not less than ?0.5 and less than 1, then scandium oxalate is obtained by adding the pH adjusted solution to an oxalic acid solution, and the scandium oxalate is roasted into scandium oxide.

Abstract: A production line comprises: a pretreatment system, a melting and refining system, and a casting system; magnesium alloy waste material passes in sequence through the pretreatment system, the melting and refining system, and the casting system, resulting in magnesium alloy ingots that conform to national standards. The production line for producing national-standard magnesium alloy ingots on the basis of magnesium alloy waste material processes magnesium alloy waste material, passing same through a pretreatment system, a preheating system a melting and refining system, a thermal insulation system, a casting system, and a post-treatment system; coatings and impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy waste material are removed, and the material is processed into magnesium alloy ingots conforming to national standards; the pieces of equipment of each system are well-connected, the degree of automation is high, operation is simple, and production is highly efficient.

Abstract: A process for improving the grade and optical quality of zircon, comprising: baking a mixture of a zircon feed and concentrated sulphuric acid at a baking temperature in the range of from 200 up to 400° C., and for a time to form water leachable sulphates with impurities therein including at least iron and titanium; leaching the baked mixture to dissolve the leachable sulphates; and separating the zircon from the leachate containing the leached sulphates, which separated zircon is thereby of improved grade and optical quality.

Abstract: Provided is a warm-pressed member comprising, by weight %, C: 0.01% to 0.5%, Si: 3.0% or less (excluding 0%), Mn: 3% to 15%, P: 0.0001% to 0.1%, S: 0.0001% to 0.03%, Al: 3.0% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.03% or less (excluding 0%), and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. After a warm press forming process and a cooling process, the warm-pressed member has a microstructure comprising: 5 volume % to 50 volume % of retained austenite; and at least one of ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, and bainite as a remainder.

Abstract: A steel sheet includes: a base iron; a scale of 10.0 ?m or less in thickness on a surface of the base iron; a subscale between the base iron and the scale. In the subscale, an average value of Cr concentrations is 1.50 mass % to 5.00 mass %, and one part or more exist(s) where a ratio of Cr concentrations between two adjacent measurement regions separate by 1 ?m is 0.90 or less or 1.11 or more in a range of 50 ?m in length in a rolling direction. A percentage of an amount of Ti contained in carbide or carbonitride of 100 nm or more and 1 ?m or less in grain diameter to a parameter Tieff represented by a formula “Tieff=[Ti]?48/14[N]” is 30% or less in which [Ti] denotes a Ti content (mass %) and [N] denotes a N content (mass %).

Abstract: A manufacturing control system is arranged to cause an aluminum alloy blank to be heated to at least its solvus temperature, to cause a die set to be sprayed with a lubricant formulation that includes water, lubricant, and a surfactant, to cause the blank to be positioned in the die set while heated such that the blank does not touch the die set, and to cause the die set to close on the blank to form the blank into a part while quenching the part.

Abstract: A 7xxx-series aluminum alloy sheet produced by a common procedure is allowed to include a surface part having a texture with grown Cube orientation, and a central part having a texture with grown S orientation. Namely, the surface part and the thickness-central part in the sheet are allowed to have different textures that are optimal respectively for shock absorption and for strength. This allows the aluminum alloy sheet to have better shock absorption upon automobile collision without lowering its strength, where the shock absorption is evaluated by a VDA bend test as illustrated in FIG. 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connecting element (4, 5), in particular a screw (4) or a nut (5), for mechanically connecting components (1, 2), the connecting element (4, 5) consisting at least partially of a material with a mechanical tensile strength of at least 350 MPa. According to the invention, the material of the connecting element (4, 4?, 5, 8) has an electrical conductivity of at least 50% IACS. The invention also relates to a corresponding production method for a connecting element (4, 5) of this type.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a Ni-based super-heat-resistant alloy includes: a first cold working step for cold working a Ni-based super-heat-resistant alloy ingot, which has a composition in which the ?? mole ratio is at least 40%, at a working ratio of 5% to less than 30%; and a first heat treatment step for heat-treating the cold worked material, on which the first cold working was performed, at a temperature exceeding the ?? solid solution temperature. It is preferable that the manufacturing method also includes a second cold working step for performing, after the first heat treatment step, a second cold working on the heat-treated material at a working ratio of at least 20%, and a second heat treatment step for heat-treating the second cold worked material, on which the second cold working has been performed, at less than the ?? solvus temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a metal sheet (1) comprising at least the steps of: providing a steel substrate (3) having two faces (5), for which at least one is coated with a metal coating (7) comprising at least 40% by weight of zinc, applying on the outer surface (15) of the metal coating (7) an aqueous solution comprising an amino acid, and the metal sheet which may be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method for thermal spray particles forming a ceramic layer in which vertical cracks extending in a thickness direction are dispersed in a surface direction and which includes a plurality of pores inside. The production method for thermal spray particles includes adjusting a solid content concentration of slurry (13) to 75 wt % to 85 wt %, supplying the slurry (13) to a disk-shaped atomizer (12) of a spray drying device (10), setting a protrusion speed at which the slurry (13) protrudes from the atomizer (12) to 60 m/second to 90 m/second. and performing a heat treatment on thermal spray particle bodies (22) formed by drying the slurry (13) to produce thermal spray particles composed of YbSZ in which a 50% particle diameter in a cumulative particle-size distribution is 40 ?m to 100 ?m.

Abstract: A method for producing a plug includes: a step of preparing a plug base metal having a concave portion along a circumferential direction in an outer peripheral surface; and an arc spraying step of spraying a spraying wire rod material onto the outer peripheral surface of the plug base metal by arc spraying to form films containing Fe and Fe oxides on the outer peripheral surface of the plug base metal. The arc spraying step includes: a separating step of separating the outer peripheral surface of the plug base metal into a plurality of regions along an axial direction; and a step of performing arc spraying separately in each of the regions. In the separating step, a boundary between the regions is set at the concave portion. In this way, peeling of films at a connecting portion is prevented, and the lifetime of the plug can be increased.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods that employ slurries to form layers adjacent to substrates. Such layers can include, for example, one or more of iron, chromium, nickel, silicon, vanadium, titanium, boron, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, cobalt, manganese, zirconium, and niobium, oxides thereof, nitrides thereof, sulfides thereof, or combinations thereof. In some examples, such layers are stainless steel layers.

Abstract: A method for preparing a PBAT laminated membrane composite material uses PBAT or a material with PBAT as the main component and other biodegradable plastic or superfine calcium carbonate in a mixture. The temperature of the mixture is increased by means of a lamination machine segment by segment, the material is heated slowly to a molten state, and the temperature of a rolling shaft is controlled by introducing cold water to the rolling shaft when the lamination machine conducts membrane lamination, so that the temperatures of rolling wheels and the laminated membrane are controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal sheet, on a first surface of which a resist pattern having a narrow width can be stably provided. This manufacturing method for a metal sheet includes a preparation step of preparing a sheet material comprising an iron alloy that contains nickel. When a composition analysis of the first surface of the metal sheet obtained from the sheet material is performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the ratio A1/A2 obtained by the result of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy does not exceed 0.4, where A1 is the sum of the peak area value of nickel oxide and the peak area value of nickel hydroxide, and A2 is the sum of the peak area value of iron oxide and the peak area value of iron hydroxide.

Abstract: A mask frame assembly includes: a mask including a deposition pattern through which a deposition material is deposited to a deposition target; a frame to which the mask comprising the deposition pattern is combined; and a pattern position adjusting mechanism which is coupled to the frame and configured to apply a force to the frame such that a position of the deposition pattern of the mask combined to the frame is changed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a broadband fluorescence amplification assembly comprising the steps of providing a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (“VACNT”) substrate that has been treated with a plasma and at least partially coated with a metal coating and a support structure, and supporting the VACNT substrate by the support structure. The support structure can include one of quartz or glass. The method can also include the steps of cleaning the support structure with an alcohol solution and/or exposing the support structure to one of a surface cleaning plasma or ozone. The method can further comprise the step of adhering the VACNT substrate to the support structure, wherein the step of adhering can include applying an adhesive material to at least a portion of the support structure. Additionally, the method can include the step of treating the VACNT substrate and the support structure with the plasma.

Abstract: The reactor (R) has a reaction chamber (RC) provided with a support (S) for metallic pieces and with a system of an anode, connected to a ground, and of a cathode system connected to the support (S) and to a pulsating DC power supply. In the reaction chamber (RC), heated and supplied with a gas load, is formed, by means of an electric discharge in the cathode, a gas plasma. A liquid or gas precursor is admitted in at least one tubular cracking chamber associated with a high voltage energy source. It may be provided at least one tubular sputtering chamber associated with an electric power supply receiving a solid precursor. A potential difference is applied between the anode and one and/or other of said tubular chambers, to release the alloy elements to be ionically bombarded against the metallic pieces, either simultaneously or individually and in any order.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of treating a composite piston pin, including: preparing the piston pin of which at least surface layer includes a composite material including a reinforcing fiber and a resin; improving roughness by processing the surface layer of the piston pin; and forming a coating layer on the surface layer processed to reduce a friction coefficient of the piston pin.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for coating conductive component in a plasma reactor and a conductive component coating, wherein the process includes the steps of cleaning, mechanical support deposition, topographic modification by plasma bombardment, chemical support layer deposition and amorphous carbon layer deposition (Diamond-Like Carbon). In one embodiment, the process is in single cycle. The present invention pertains to the fields of Materials Engineering, Physics and Chemistry.

Abstract: There is provided an oxide sintered material containing indium, tungsten, and zinc, the oxide sintered material including: a first crystal phase that is a main component of the oxide sintered material and includes a bixbyite type crystal phase; and a second crystal phase having a content of the zinc higher than a content of the zinc in the first crystal phase, the second crystal phase including particles having an average major axis size of not less than 3 ?m and not more than 50 ?m and having an average aspect ratio of not less than 4 and not more than 50.

Abstract: A racetrack-shaped apparatus for generating a magnetic field on a target surface for magnetron sputtering, comprising on a magnetic base (a) a vertically magnetized center permanent magnet arranged straight; (b) vertically magnetized peripheral permanent magnets surrounding the center permanent magnet; (c) vertically magnetized first intermediate permanent magnets, horizontally magnetized second intermediate permanent magnets and vertically magnetized third intermediate permanent magnets arranged on both sides of the center permanent magnet; and (d) vertically magnetized fourth intermediate permanent magnets arranged separately from both longitudinal ends of the center permanent magnet; each second intermediate permanent magnet being arranged with one magnetic pole opposing a near-target side surface portion of each first intermediate permanent magnet.

Abstract: The use of non-mass analyzed ion implanter is advantageous in such application as it generates ion implanting at different depth depending on the ions energy and mass. This allows for gaining advantage from lubricity offered as a result of the very light deposition on the surface, and at the same time the hardness provided by the intercalated ions implanted below it, providing benefits for cover glass, low E enhancement, and other similar materials. In further aspects, ion implantation is used to create other desirable film properties such anti-microbial and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Pedestal assemblies with a thermal barrier plate, a torque plate and at least one kinematic mount to change a plane formed by the thermal barrier plate are described. Susceptor assemblies and processing chambers incorporating the pedestal assemblies are also described. Methods of leveling a susceptor to form parallel planes between the susceptor surface and a gas distribution assembly surface are also described.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods using same for forming a silicon-containing film such as, without limitation, a carbon doped silicon oxide film, a carbon doped silicon nitride, a carbon doped silicon oxynitride film in a deposition process. In one aspect, the composition comprises at least cyclic carbosilane having at least one Si—C—Si linkage and at least one anchoring group selected from a halide atom, an amino group, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to systems and methods to prevent free radical damage to sensitive components in a process chamber and optimizing flow profiles. The processing chamber utilizes a cover substrate on lift pins and an inert bottom purge flow to shield the substrate support from halogen reactants. During a clean process, the cover substrate and the purge flow restricts halogen reactants from contacting the substrate support. The method of cleaning includes placing a cover substrate on a plurality of lift pins that extend through a substrate support in a processing chamber, raising the cover substrate via the lift pins to expose a space between the cover substrate and the substrate support, supplying a halogen containing gas into the processing chamber, supplying a second gas through an opening in the processing chamber, and flowing the second gas through the space between the cover substrate and the substrate support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating an article (1), wherein a coating (2) having one or more coating layers (3, 4, 5) is applied to the article (1), wherein at least one coating layer (5) is formed essentially from aluminium, titanium and nitrogen, wherein the coating layer (5) has, at least in some regions, adjoining lamellae of different chemical composition and is deposited from a gas phase comprising at least one aluminium precursor and at least one titanium precursor. According to the invention, by setting a molar ratio of aluminium to titanium, the lamellae of different chemical composition are each formed with a cubic structure, it being possible for aluminium and titanium to be partly replaced by other metals and for nitrogen to be partly replaced by oxygen and/or carbon with retention of the cubic structure. The invention further relates to a correspondingly produced coating (2).

Abstract: A method and system is provided to improve precursor utilization in pulsed atomic layer processes. The system integrates a chiller with a precursor ampoule to lower the temperature of the precursor ampoule, and thereby reduce the precursor vapor pressure. By lowering the ampoule temperature, the loss of excess unreacted precursor molecules is reduced, in order to improve precursor utilization efficiency in atomic layer processes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a plasma chemical vapour deposition process including a mainly cylindrical resonator having an outer cylindrical wall and an inner coaxial cylindrical wall defining therebetween a resonant cavity operable at an operating frequency. The resonant cavity extends in a circumferential direction around a cylindrical axis of the inner and outer cylindrical wall. The outer cylindrical wall includes an input port connectable to an input waveguide. The inner cylindrical wall includes slit sections extending in a circumferential direction around the cylindrical axis. A greatest dimension defining the aperture of the slit sections is smaller than half the wavelength of the operating frequency.

Abstract: The ampholytic surfactants show the nature of anionic surfactants in an alkaline region and the nature of cationic surfactants in an acidic region. As described below, the pretreatment solution of the present invention may preferably indicate alkalinity of pH 8.5 or higher, and therefore, it exhibits the nature of cationic surfactants by the use of ampholytic surfactants. As the ampholytic surfactants, those disclosed in JP 2011-228517 A can be used.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide. The teachings may be embodied in methods and electrolysis systems in which carbon dioxide is introduced into an electrolysis cell and reduced at a cathode. For example, a reduction method for carbon dioxide utilization by means of an electrolysis system may include: delivering carbon dioxide into a chamber containing a cathode; introducing a first material in the cathode chamber, enabling catalysis of a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon compound or to carbon monoxide; and introducing a second material together with the electrolyte or a reactant/electrolyte mixture into the cathode chamber or metered separately into the cathode chamber. The second material enables cocatalysis of the reduction reaction by promoting charge transfer from the cathode to the first material.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems for producing hydrogen gas and upgrading biomass reactants. The systems are able to couple the oxidation of the biomass reactant to hydrogen gas evolution using catalysts that include a metal component and a non-metal component. Also disclosed are methods of using the systems for producing hydrogen gas and upgrading a biomass reactant.

Abstract: A novel carbon formation reactor for forming carbon from a carbon-bearing fluidic stream, and method of using the same, is described. The reactor uses a catalyst bearing surface placed within a heated zone in a carbon-bearing fluidic stream to form carbon, which can then be removed from the reactor, with the process repeatable to achieve high extraction efficiencies.

Abstract: An electrochemical process is for recovering a metal element or a metalloid element or a mixture of two or more thereof from at least one water soluble precursor compound containing the metal element or a metalloid element or two or more thereof, in the form of one or more nano particles, in particular nano crystals of at least one reaction product. The process includes supplying the water soluble precursor compound to a water-based catholyte of a cathode compartment of an electrochemical cell, equipped with a cathode containing a gas diffusion electrode, adjusting the pH of the catholyte, supplying at least one oxidant gas to the gas diffusion electrode, and subjecting the cathode to an electrochemical potential to cause reduction of the at least one oxidant gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for use in photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2. In particular, it is disclosed a filter-press photoelectrochemical cell for producing a reduction product from CO2 and a method for the photoelec-trochemical reduction of CO2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of complexes of water soluble porphyrins of formula (I) below wherein R1 to R10 and R1? to R10? are as defined in claim 1, with iron as catalysts for the selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO, electrochemical cells comprising them, and methods for reducing electrochemically CO2 into CO using said complexes, or said electrochemical cells, thereby producing CO or syngas, in water as the solvent.