Abstract: Hardware and software methodology are described for non-invasively monitoring cardiac health. Hemodynamic waveforms variously acquired for a subject are analyzed to calculate or approximate intrinsic frequencies in two domains in two domains across the Dicrotic Notch. Together with associated notch timing, heart rate and blood pressure values left ventricle ejection fraction and/or stroke volume can be determination.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a biological substance in a user using a unit spectrum for the biological substance acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution is provided. The apparatus may include a spectrometer configured to emit a light to a skin of a user, detect the light returned from the skin, and measure a skin spectrum of the user from the detected light and a processor configured to estimate a biological substance in the user based on the measured skin spectrum and a unit spectrum acquired using a biological tissue simulation solution.

Abstract: An electrode structure is provided that includes an electrode base having topography located on a surface of the electrode base structure. A biological functionalization layer is located on one or more exposed surfaces of at least the topography of the electrode. A sacrificial layer is located on the biological functionalization layer and is present at least in the physical space located between the individual features of the topography of the electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining blood sugar based on heterogeneous spectrums are provided. The blood sugar model generation apparatus includes a data obtainer configured to obtain blood sugar profile data of a user based on a first type spectrum-blood sugar profile relationship model, a second type spectrum measurer configured to measure training second type spectrum data for the skin of the user, and a processor configured to generate an individualized blood sugar model based on the obtained blood sugar profile data and the measured training second type spectrum data.

Abstract: A concentration measurement apparatus measures a temporal relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb) of either or both of total hemoglobin concentration and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the head that vary due to repetition of chest compression, and includes a light incidence section making measurement light incident on the head, a light detection section detecting the measurement light propagated through the interior of the head and generating a detection signal in accordance with the intensity of the measurement light, and a CPU determining, based on the detection signal, the relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb) and performing a filtering process of removing frequency components less than a predetermined frequency from frequency components contained in the relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb).

Abstract: The subject matter discloses a device for measuring biological properties of an examined tissue, the device comprising at least one light source configured and operable to illuminate the examined tissue with light radiation of one or more wavelengths at a certain light illumination direction; and a light detector located at a same side of said examined tissue and configured and operable to receive light components of said one or more wavelengths reflected from the examined tissue in response to the illuminated light radiation at a certain light detection direction, and to generate measurement data indicative thereof; at least one of said light illumination direction and detection direction is positioned at an angle of at least 20 relative to an imaginary line perpendicular to the examined tissue or form an angle of at least 20 between the light illumination direction and detection direction.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a first light emitting unit that emits light with a first wavelength onto a measurement site, a second light emitting unit that emits light with a second wavelength different from the first wavelength onto the measurement site, a light receiving unit that receives light which passes through an inside of the measurement site and generates a detection signal, and an analysis processing unit that calculates a degree of oxygen saturation from the detection signal. Distances between light emission positions by each of the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit and a light reception position by the light receiving unit are variable.

Abstract: A low-cost compact fiberless diffuse speckle contrast flowmeter includes a small laser diode and a 2-dimensional imaging device such as a charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) for directly contacting the tissue and measuring a parameter such as blood flow in a deep/thick volume of tissue (up to 10 mm depth). The small laser diode is fixed at a certain distance (0 to 20 mm) from the imaging device and directly contacts the tissue. Light emitted from the laser diode penetrates through the tissue and reflects back to the imaging device without passing through any lenses or fibers. One or more additional laser diodes may be added for producing light at different wavelengths, and the combination of measurements taken by the imaging device at the different wavelengths allows for measuring additional parameters, such as both blood flow and blood oxygenation.

Abstract: Methods and architecture for using sensor data to offer content, such as purchase or viewing suggestions, to a viewer, are disclosed. Wearable or other external sensor devices may monitor a viewer while the viewer consumes a first media element. The sensor data may then be used to determine an emotional response of the viewer to the media element or to entities found within that element, such as actors, scenes, brands, or objects. Emotional response data for a user may be stored, and may be used either immediately or at a later time to deliver content or make content or purchase suggestions to the viewer.

Abstract: A biosensor includes an optical sensor circuit that emits light directed at skin tissue of a patient at a plurality of wavelengths. A first and second spectral response of light reflected from the tissue is obtained around a first wavelength in a UV range and a second wavelength in an IR range. A measurement of nitric oxide (NO) is then determined from the spectral responses. A risk of septic condition is obtained using the measurement of NO.

Abstract: A device for observing a sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a human body. The present invention relates to a device for observing an SLN by detecting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence caused by a fluorescent material such as indocyanine green (ICG) at the SLN and a method for detecting NIR fluorescence at an SLN. Particularly, in the implementation of a composite image obtained by reproducing a fluorescent material such as ICG and NIR fluorescence emitted by excitation light together with a visible light image, it is possible to detect an SLN with high accuracy through a color contrast method and/or a temporal modulation method using an NIR fluorescence image signal and a visible reflection light image signal.

Abstract: The disclosed invention includes sweat sensing devices configured to periodically measure sweat conductivity and galvanic skin response, devices to measure volumetric sweat flow rate, and devices that combine the three functions. The disclosure further includes methods for using a device configured to perform periodic sweat conductivity measurements, galvanic skin response measurements, and volumetric sweat rate measurements so that each sensor modality informs composite estimates of sweat onset, sweat cessation, sweat ion concentration, and sweat rate. The method uses those measurements to inform other sweat sensing device functions, such as determining the existence of a physiological condition, or performing measurements of concentrations, ratios, and trends of sweat analytes.

Abstract: A wearable sweat sensing device is provided for managing excess sweat flow. The sweat sensing device includes at least one sweat sensor and a sweat path for conveying sweat from a wearer's skin and across the at least one sensor. At least one adaptive sweat flow component is in fluidic communication with the sweat path for removing excess sweat flow from the sweat path. The adaptive sweat flow component can include one or more of an adaptive sweat sample collector, an adaptive sweat sample channel, or an adaptive sweat sample pump. A method of using the disclosed device to remove excess sweat flow from the device's sweat path during periods of high sweat rate is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system (100), a device, a method (200), and a computer program for providing a health advice to a subject. It is proposed to modify a digital coaching advice depending on trends of a physiological observable (e.g., weight, Body Mass Index, etc.). A digital coach varies the wording of his/her advice depending on the risk categorization. It is proposed to analyze physiological measurements for deviation from the mean and rate of change and to translate these basic statistics into a concept of urgency/risk to structurally vary the wording or appearance of a digital coach. Thus, a digital coach as proposed herein may look, act and talk differently depending on the urgency/risk of the users. Coaches may vary in language and appearance from gentle, via hard-but-fair, to “drill sergeant”.

Abstract: A system controls a cyclic motion of at least one body segment of an individual, including: at least one three-dimensional motion sensor, an attachment attaching the sensor to the body segment of the individual, a processor coupled to the sensor and capable of being carried by the individual, in which a reference cyclic motion and tolerance limits specific to the individual concerning at least one parameter of the motion to be controlled, which change depending on the progress thereof, are stored, the processor being configured to detect the cyclic motion, integrate the measurement data from the sensor in such a way as to calculate the parameter(s) of the motion of the segment and to compare, in real time, the parameter(s) of the measured motion (Ctr) with the parameter(s) of the previously recorded reference motion (Cref) of the individual, and a feedback device coupled to the processor, designed to provide the individual with real-time information on the compliance of the parameters(s) of the measured mo

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for acquiring a spectrum based on a vein pattern. The spectrum acquisition apparatus may include a spectroscope configured to emit light onto a user's skin and receive light reflected or scattered from the skin, a vein pattern recognizer configured to recognize a vein pattern of a body area at which the spectroscope is located, and a spectroscope controller configured to control the spectroscope based on a vein pattern recognition result to acquire a skin spectrum of a body area of interest.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device including: a sleep environment controlling unit configured to, when exerting control of, on the basis of a result of forecast of a transition of a depth of sleep of a user at least in a period from a first time to a second time, a sleeping environment of the user such that the depth of sleep at the second time falls below a first depth-of-sleep threshold value estimated as an upper limit of a first depth-of-sleep region in which the user is likely to awake, decide a temporal pattern of the control in the period from the first time to the second time in accordance with a temporal pattern of the transition.

Abstract: A device for stimulating neurons that includes a stimulation unit that applies mechanically tactile and/or thermal stimuli to the body surface of a patient that stimulate neurons with a pathologically synchronous and oscillatory neural activity. The device includes a measuring unit that records measurement signals of neural activity of the stimulated neurons, and a controller that controls the stimulation unit and analyzes the measurement signals. The controller actuates the stimulation unit to scan at least one part of the body surface of the patient along a path and thereby periodically applies stimuli and also selects two regions or more regions on the patient's body surface along the path where the phase synchronization between the periodic application of the stimuli and the neural activity of the stimulated neurons have a local maximum using the measurement signals. The stimuli are then applied in a delayed manner in the two regions.

Abstract: A system and method are described for profiling a distribution of forces transferred from the body weight and the residual limb of a wearer of a prosthetic socket through the socket. The system may include a prosthetic socket, a sensor network comprising multiple sensors coupled with the prosthetic socket in a pattern defining multiple internal regions within the prosthetic socket, and a processor coupled with the sensor network and configured to receive sensed data from the sensor network, divide the sensed data into groups corresponding to the multiple internal regions within the prosthetic socket, and process the sensed data to provide force distribution profile data corresponding to the force distribution profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical data processing method for determining an orientation of nerve fibres relative to a non-physiological electric field, the method comprising the following steps which are constituted to be executed by a computer: a) acquiring patient medical image data describing a patient medical image of an anatomical body part of a patient's body, the anatomical body part including nerve tissue comprising white matter nerve fibres; b) acquiring diffusion image data describing a diffusion-enhanced image of the anatomical body part; c) acquiring atlas data describing a spatial distribution of grey value-based tissue classes in a model body part representing a model of the anatomical body part; d) determining, based on the patient image data and the diffusion image data and the atlas data, fibre orientation data describing an orientation of the white matter nerve fibres; e) acquiring electric field orientation data describing an orientation of the non-physiological electric field whic

Abstract: An electrode for a user wearable apparatus; the electrode comprising: a conductive part comprising conductive material, wherein the conductive part is configured to provide electrical connection to electronic components of the user wearable device, and an opening configured to provide an optical connection to electronic components of the user wearable apparatus through the electrode.

Abstract: An orally inserted probe and method for measuring vital signs of a mammalian subject is disclosed. Respiratory sensors and a pulse oximetry sensor can measure respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. The sensors are kept in position by a mouthpiece held in the mouth, and by other features of the probe described herein. The mouthpiece can also contain a body temperature sensor. The probe is easy to use, even by an untrained caregiver. A method of measuring frequency of physical changes near a mammalian subject's nose or nostrils can be used to measure respiratory rate. A method of sharing vital signs measurement data with an external device and utilization of the data by medical personnel and caregivers is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor has a flexible thin ring-shaped substrate configured to be worn about a patient's finger. The substrate has an inner surface and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. A first ECG electrode is positioned at the outer surface of said substrate and a second ECG electrode is positioned at the inner (or outer) surface of the said substrate in contact with the finger (or the adjacent finger if the electrode is on the outer surface), whereby the two ECG electrodes receives a single-lead ECG signal when the first electrode is touched to the patient's body. Touching different locations on the body or wearing multiple rings can provide multi-lead ECG measurements. The ring shape can be converted to a wearable patch for continuous ECG measurements.

Abstract: A method for determining spatial information for a multi-segment articulated rigid body system having at least an anchored segment and a non-anchored segment coupled to the anchored segment, each segment in the multi-segment articulated rigid body system representing a respective body part of a user, the method comprising: obtaining signals recorded by a first autonomous movement sensor coupled to a body part of the user represented by the non-anchored segment; providing the obtained signals as input to a trained statistical model and obtaining corresponding output of the trained statistical model; and determining, based on the corresponding output of the trained statistical model, spatial information for at least the non-anchored segment of the multi-segment articulated rigid body system.

Abstract: An optical adapter is configured to be removably secured to a wearable monitoring device. The monitoring device includes a housing having a portion with a biometric sensor that is wearably positionable adjacent the skin of a subject. The biometric sensor includes an optical emitter and an optical detector. The optical adapter includes a base that is configured to be removably secured to the housing portion. The optical adapter includes a first light guide extending outwardly from the base that is in optical communication with the optical emitter when the base is secured to the housing portion, and a second light guide extending outwardly from the base that is in optical communication with the optical detector when the base is secured to the housing portion. The optical adapter also includes a plurality of stabilizing members extending outwardly from the base.

Abstract: A finger ring health status monitoring device comprising an inner ring member and an outer ring member positioned radially outward from and operably connected to the inner ring member. The inner ring member features a conductor characterized by at least one physiological-type sensor, and an annular bladder that defines an adjustable aperture sized to receive a finger of a patient. Adjustment of the aperture is accomplished by rotating the outer ring member in a first direction about an axis of rotation common to the outer ring member and to the inner ring member, thereby causing the bladder to expand radially inward so as to reduce an inside diameter of the aperture. Rotating the outer ring member in a second direction opposite the first direction causes the bladder to contract, thus increasing the inside diameter of the aperture.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides a modular biofluid sensing device configured to be worn on an individual's skin. The device includes at least one primary module, at least one sensing module, and at least one specialized module. The various subsystems, components, and materials making up a biofluid sensing device are arranged for modular distribution and assembly according to a number of different organizational criteria. These criteria include distributing components into modules based on the requirements of a biofluid sensing device application, manufacturing considerations, component cost, and component lifespan.

Abstract: Discussed generally herein are methods and devices including or providing a wellness monitoring system. The wellness monitoring system can include a first patch including a flexible, stretchable first substrate, a first adhesive on the first substrate, the first adhesive configured to attach the first patch to skin of a user, and first electronics on or at least partially in the first substrate, the first electronics to monitor a first biological parameter of the user, and a second patch including a flexible, stretchable second substrate, a second adhesive on the second substrate, the second adhesive configured to attach the second patch to skin of the user, and second electronics on or at least partially in the second substrate, the second electronics to monitor a second biological parameter of the user, the second biological parameter different from the first biological parameter.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, using a pressure sensor to detect body sound information of a patient, such as cardiac murmurs, respiratory sounds, etc.

Abstract: A method of obtaining health data of a toilet user using one or more sensors is disclosed. One or more sensors are used by a toilet user while the toilet user is using the toilet to take health measurement readings of the user. Dynamic heart stress readings may be obtained and monitored over weeks, months and years. Rolling averages of heart function and heart health may be determined and deviations from the rolling averages may trigger notifications. Other health related measurements and functions such as temperature, respirations, heart rate, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and stethoscope sounds are also recorded and stored for trending and data analysis.

Abstract: An optical imaging system for interfacing with a separate examination apparatus and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The optical imaging system can include an imaging housing including a housing enclosure and a housing receptor plate, a subject support mount, a cart including an extendable arm, an optical arrangement including an optical source, a cantilever mirror system, and the housing enclosure, and a detection optical path providing optical communication between the cantilever mirror system and an optical detector. The subject support mount allows optical illumination via at least one optical port. The extendable arm is affixed to the cart at one end and the optical arrangement at another end. The extendable arm can move from a retracted position to an extended position without contacting the subject support mount or the subject.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a cycle of a physiological signal includes: a collection device for collecting a vibration signal of body movements; a processor for obtaining a physiological signal by processing the vibration signal; receiving a physiological signal value and a register value, comparing the physiological signal value with the register value, and reserving one of the physiological signal value and the register value; determining the physiological signal value having a corresponding time duration, reaching a given set time to be an extreme value, wherein the time duration is a time duration of the physiological signal value received is not exceeded; restarting the procedure and determining a next extreme value; obtaining the cycle of the physiological signal by processing the at least one extreme value; and displaying the cycle of the physiological signal in a display device.

Abstract: A way of indicating a risk for coronary artery disease is disclosed. A first plurality of first sound recordings of heartbeats and second plurality of second sound recording of the ambient background are obtained. A filtering of each first sound recording is performed by using a simultaneously recorded second sound recording. The filtering of each first sound recording involves determining a diastolic period of the heartbeat of the first sound recording, and performing an adaptive filtering of the first sound recording based in the diastolic period of the first sound recording and the simultaneously recorded second sound recording. This is followed by determination of an indication of the risk for coronary artery disease based on the filtered first sound recordings.

Abstract: A system, method and non-transient computer readable medium for assessing the opportunity to address either hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic risk (or both) in patients with diabetes based on historical continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for performing mean arterial pressure (MAP) derived prediction of future hypotension. Such a system includes a hardware unit including a hardware processor and a system memory, a hypotension prediction software code stored in the system memory, and a sensory alarm. The hardware processor is configured to execute the hypotension prediction software code to receive MAP data of the living subject, and to transform the MAP data to one or more parameters predictive of a future hypotension event of the living subject. The hardware processor is further configured to execute the hypotension prediction software code to determine a risk score of the living subject corresponding to the probability of the future hypotension event based on at least some of the one or more parameters, and to invoke the sensory alarm if the risk score of the living subject satisfies a predetermined risk criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to extract a feature from a bio-signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes a bio-signal acquirer configured to acquire the bio-signal, and a processor configured to analyze concavity and convexity of a waveform of the bio-signal in intervals of the bio-signal, and extract the feature from the bio-signal based on the analyzed concavity and the analyzed convexity.

Abstract: A method of deriving mean arterial pressure of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises (i) receiving (202) data relating to at least one cardiac cycle of a bio-signal from the subject; (ii) normalizing the received data relating to the at least one cardiac cycle; (iii) calculating (206) an area enclosed by the normalized received data to obtain a normalized area; (iv) calculating (208) a heart rate of the subject from the at least one cardiac cycle; and (v) deriving (210) the mean arterial pressure from the normalized area and heart rate. A related apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A visualization system includes an imaging device, a processing circuit, and a display device. The imaging device is configured to acquire image data relating to an object. The processing circuit is configured to generate a three-dimensional object image of the object based on the image data and generate a two-dimensional object image of the object by projecting a cross-section of the three-dimensional object image onto a plane. The display device is configured to display the three-dimensional object image of the object and display the two-dimensional object image of the object on the plane.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes setting circuitry. The setting circuitry is configured to set a third plan for a patient, by integrating together a first plan for the patient and a second plan for the patient.

Abstract: A method and device for multi-sequence scanning are provided. According to an example of the method, when at least two mergeable scanning sequences are obtained from a plurality of scanning sequences, a target scanning area including respective scanning areas of the at least two mergeable scanning sequences may be determined; and then a scanning on the target scanning area may be performed with the at least two mergeable scanning sequences. As at least two scanning sequences satisfying a preset mergeable condition may be extracted from a plurality of scanning sequences, the at least two scanning sequences satisfying the preset mergeable condition may be performed at once.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mobile x-ray imaging apparatus having an improved structure to prevent breakage of or damage to an x-ray detector. One or more damping units are installed at base plates of one or more slots. The one or more damping units minimize an impact that may be applied to one or more x-ray detectors in a process of storing the one or more x-ray detector in the one or more slots.

Abstract: Improved system and method of X-ray laser microscopy that combines information obtained from both X-ray diffraction and X-ray imaging methods. The sample is placed in an ultra-cold, ultra-low pressure vacuum chamber, and exposed to brief bursts of coherent X-ray illumination further concentrated using X-ray mirrors and pinhole collimation methods. Higher resolution data from a sample is obtained using hard X-ray lasers, such as free electron X-ray lasers, and X-ray diffraction methods. Lower resolution data from the same sample can be obtained using any of hard or soft X-ray laser sources, and X-ray imaging methods employing nanoscale etched zone plate technology. In some embodiments both diffraction and imaging data can be obtained simultaneously. Data from both sources are combined to create a more complete representation of the sample. Methods to further improve performance, such as concave or curved detectors, improved temperature control, and alternative X-ray optics are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a detector including a plurality of pixels and converting radiation into electrical information, a read circuit reading the information for each of the plurality of pixels, an image memory storing a plurality of the read information, and a thinning circuit limiting an output of the plurality of information stored in the image memory.

Abstract: A medical-image processing apparatus and a medical-image diagnostic apparatus according to an embodiment include an acquisition unit, a generation unit, an identification unit, and a display control unit. The acquisition unit acquires a medical image containing a blood vessel collected by the medical-image diagnostic apparatus. The generation unit generates an anatomical structure model based on the medical image acquired by the acquisition unit. The identification unit identifies a position, on the medical image, of an index relating to blood flow analyzed through fluid analysis using the anatomical structure model. The display control unit displays the position of the index on the medical image, and also displays the index associated with the position of the index on the medical image.

Abstract: A bone analysis apparatus capable of calculating a more highly reliable fracture risk evaluation value. A bone density of the invention is positioned for a partial description of a fracture risk. That is, in the invention, it is considered that an accurate fracture risk cannot be sufficiently obtained only by one of the bone density and a structural parameter although both the bone density and the structural parameter are important to know the fracture risk. According to the invention, the fracture risk is comprehensively evaluated on the basis of the structural parameter for evaluating a structure of a trabecular bone in addition to the bone density. With this configuration, since the fracture risk can be evaluated while also taking the structure of the trabecular bone into consideration, the fracture risk can be more accurately evaluated.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment acquires a first X-ray image and a second X-ray image by using mutually-different radiation doses; acquires a third X-ray image based on X-rays radiated onto a region of interest of the subject and onto a region other than the region of interest in mutually-different radiation doses; obtains position information of the region of interest; and on a basis of the position information, generates a subtraction image by calculating a difference between the region of interest in the third X-ray image and a region corresponding to the region of interest in the first X-ray image and calculating a difference between the region other than the region of interest in the third X-ray image and a region corresponding to the region other than the region of interest in the second X-ray image.

Abstract: A method includes moving a radiation source and a radiation detector along a scan path substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of a patient. A beam of radiation is emitted from the radiation source. The beam of radiation is detected at the radiation detector. The detected beam is processed so as to form a first image of a first area of the patient along the scan path.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for estimating object scatter and/or internal scatter in a multi-level photon-counting x-ray detector, as well as x-ray tomographic imaging while correcting for object and internal scatter. The x-ray detector has at least two layers of detector diodes mounted in an edge-on geometry, e.g. designed for 1) estimating the object scatter contribution to the counts in a top layer of the at least two layers based on difference(s) in counts between the top layer and lower layer(s) under the assumption the object scatter has a slowly varying spatial distribution, and/or 2) estimating counts from reabsorption of photons that have Compton scattered inside the detector based on selectively blinding some detector elements from primary radiation by placing a highly attenuating beam stop on top of the detector elements, in lower layer(s) or in both top layer and lower layer(s), and measuring the counts in those detector elements.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a radiographic imaging apparatus, a radiation irradiation apparatus, and a method of controlling the radiographic imaging apparatus. The radiographic imaging apparatus comprises a radiation detector, a first support configured to enable the radiation detector to move in at least one direction of a up direction and a down direction, a first brake configured to stop the radiation detector at a plurality of positions and an image processor configured to synthesize a plurality of electrical signals output by the radiation detector at the plurality of positions to generate at least one radiation image.

Abstract: A control unit controls a detector including a pixel array arranged in a matrix, a driving circuit that drives the pixel array by a changeable number of pixels, and a readout circuit that outputs an electrical signal from the pixel array. The control unit controls, with a change from a first image capturing operation for repeating a set of a first accumulation operation and a first image output operation a plurality of times at a first frame rate to a second image capturing operation for repeating a set of a second accumulation operation and a second image output operation a plurality of times at a second frame rate, so that the detector continuously repeats a set of the second accumulation operation and an initialization operation a plurality of times at the second frame rate in a period between the first image capturing operation and the second image capturing operation.