Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device may be provided with one or more sintered electrical contacts. The MEMS device may be a MEMS actuator or a MEMS sensor. The sintered electrical contacts may be silver-paste metalized electrical contacts. The sintered electrical contacts may be formed by depositing a sintering material such as a metal paste, a metal preform, a metal ink, or a metal powder on a wafer of released MEMS devices and heating the wafer so that the deposited sintering material diffuses into a substrate of the device, thereby making electrical contact with the device. The deposited sintering material may break through an insulating layer on the substrate during the sintering process. The MEMS device may be a multiple degree of freedom actuator having first and second MEMS actuators that facilitate autofocus, zoom, and optical image stabilization for a camera.

Abstract: A compact low-cost imaging lens with an F-value of 2.5 or less which achieves both low-profileness and a wide field of view and corrects various aberrations properly. It includes elements arranged from an object side to an image side as follows: a first lens with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface; a second lens with negative refractive power having a concave object-side surface; a third lens with positive refractive power having convex object-side and image-side surfaces and having at least one aspheric surface; a fourth lens with positive refractive power as a double-sided aspheric lens having a convex image-side surface; and a fifth lens with negative refractive power as a double-sided aspheric lens having a concave image-side surface. The imaging lens satisfies a conditional expression 20<?d1??d2<50, where ?d1 denotes Abbe number of the first lens at d-ray, and ?d2 denotes Abbe number of the second lens at d-ray.

Abstract: An imaging optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region. The second lens element with negative refractive power has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region. The third lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface being aspheric. The fourth lens element with negative refractive power has an object-side surface being concave and an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region, wherein the image-side surface has convex shape in an off-axis region, and the two surfaces thereof are aspheric. The fifth lens element with positive refractive power has an object-side surface and an image-side surface being both aspheric.

Abstract: The present invention provides a zoom lens that is compact in general and has an F-number to implement brightness even in the telephoto end side, and an imaging apparatus equipped with the zoom lens. The zoom lens includes, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; a third lens group having negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power. At the time of zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, the third lens group moves so that the distance between the second lens group and the third lens group increases, and the distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group decreases.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including: a negative first lens unit; an aperture stop; and a positive second lens unit, in which the first and second lens units are configured to move so that an interval between the first and second lens units is changed in an optical axis direction, in which the second lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens, and in which, when refractive indices of a material with respect to a wavelengths of 400 nm, 1,050 nm and 1,700 nm are respectively represented by Ns, Nm and Nl, and a relative partial dispersion ? of the material is expressed as: ?=(Ns?Nm)/(Ns?Nl), an average value ?IR(G2p)AVE of relative partial dispersions of materials of the positive lens in the second lens unit, and an average value ?IR(G2n)AVE of relative partial dispersions of materials of the negative lens in the second lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including, in order from an object side to an image side: first to fourth lens units respectively having positive, negative, positive and negative refractive powers; and a fifth lens unit having a positive or negative refractive power. In the zoom lens, intervals between adjacent lens units are changed during zooming. The third lens unit includes four or more lenses, and in the third lens unit, a lens arranged closest to the image side, a lens arranged second when counted from the image side, and a lens arranged third when counted from the image side are arranged with air gaps therebetween. A focal length of the zoom lens at a telephoto end, and a movement amount of the first lens unit during zooming from a wide-angle end to the telephoto end are set appropriately.

Abstract: A system microscopy system and method that enable obtaining high resolution 3D images in a single shot are presented. The system is an ultra-high speed, real time multi wavelength phase shift interference microscopy system that uses three synchronized color CCD cameras. Each CCD is equipped with a precision achromatic phase mask which in turn allows obtaining ?/2 phase shifted signals in three different wavelengths simultaneously.

Abstract: A microscope includes: a sample placement part having a placement surface on which to place a sample and a bottom face opposite to the placement surface; an observation lens; and an optical unit for generating sheet light and use of the microscope. The microscope of an embodiment is arranged such that the sheet light enters the sample placement part from the bottom face and passing through the sample placement part to irradiate the sample, and fluorescence from the sample passes through the sample placement part toward the bottom face to be received by the observation lens. The microscope can, with this arrangement, utilize the advantages of a SPIM, and allows observation of a sample which observation is free from a restriction of the size of a sample.

Abstract: An endoscope laser light filter assembly includes a filter support having opposing first and second sides, one or more circumferential flanges, and a laser light filter. The one or more circumferential flanges are positioned on the first side of the filter support and are displaced from the filter support along a central axis. The laser light filter is supported on the second side of the filter support.

Abstract: An endoscope system has observation modes making observations with lights having optical characteristics different from each other. The system includes an endoscope including an insertion section provided with an illumination window, a light guide arranged in the insertion section, and including an entrance end on which the lights enter and a plurality of light guide areas that guide the lights entered on the entrance end, and an entrance area switching unit that switches between the light guide areas through which the entered lights are guided by switching between areas on which the lights enter at the entrance end in accordance with an observation mode.

Abstract: A varifocal-type optical scanning probe including an optical fiber scanner and a varifocal lens is provided. The varifocal lens includes: a first membrane lens comprising a first lens surface with a variable curvature and a first pressure surface configured to induce a curvature variation of the first lens surface; a second membrane lens including a second lens surface with a variable curvature and a second pressure surface configured to induce a curvature variation of the second lens surface; a first pressure member disposed to apply a pressure to the first pressure surface; a second pressure member disposed to apply a pressure to the second pressure surface; and a motor configured to transmit a driving force to at least one of the first pressure member and the second pressure member.

Abstract: A vehicle camera protection and cleaning system is disclosed in which at least one wiper is positioned on an underside surface of a camera cover to clean a lens of a vehicle camera. In one embodiment, the system includes an inner ring fixedly attached to an underside surface of the cover, and a plurality of aperture members pivotally connected to the inner ring on one end and pivotally connected on another end to an outer gear that is movable relative to the inner gear, where at least one of the plurality of aperture members comprises a wiper configured to clean a lens of the camera when the aperture members are moved over the lens. In other embodiments, the wiper may be positioned on an underside surface of a cover of the camera that either rotates in a circular manner or translates over the lens of the camera.

Abstract: Provided is a display device that can be readily reduced in size and thickness, and is capable of reducing luminance unevenness within an image. The display device includes: a projection optical system that projects image light at infinity; and a first propagation optical system, a second propagation optical system, and a third propagation optical system, which sequentially enlarge, in one direction, the image light projected from the projection optical system, in which the image light output from the third propagation optical system allows an image to be observed.

Abstract: A gaze detection system includes a head mounted display and a gaze detection device detecting the gaze of the user. The head mounted display illuminate users eyes with infrared light, displays three-dimensional image comprising a plurality of layers in the depth direction and captures an image of user's eye illuminated by the infrared light. The gaze detection device detects the user's right eye's gaze direction (vector) and left eye's gaze direction (vector) with use of the captured images. The gaze detection device identifies the layer that the user is gazing at by selecting the layer having the shortest distance between the intersection points of the right eye gaze vector and the left eye gaze vector with each layer as a gaze point in the depth direction.

Abstract: A method of projecting an image includes emitting a light beam, forming an image from the light beam, and attenuating the light beam by controlling an AC signal between two voltage levels. The image is formed by projecting image frames. The switching of the AC signal from one voltage level to the other is controlled between projections of the image frames.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) provides an augmented view of advertisements to an HMD wearer. In some embodiments, when an advertisement is within an HMD wearer's field of view, the HMD may augment the HMD wearer's view of the advertisement to provide additional information and/or to personalize the advertisement to the HMD wearer. In other embodiments, when an advertisement is within an HMD wearer's field of view, the HMD may augment the HMD wearer's view of the advertisement to remove the advertisement from the HMD wearer's view or to replace the content of the advertisement with non-advertising content.

Abstract: By arranging cables, which transmit video signals to a pair of video image display elements arranged on the right side and the left side, along a frame for supporting a pair of right and left light guiding devices, it is possible to concentrate the cables on one of the right and left sides. That is, it is possible to integrally form the cables. By accommodating the cables in a cable cover portion, which extends along the frame, in a cover inside, it is possible to suppress an increase in size which accompanies cable arrangement and to implement the apparatus as a whole in a small body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separate head-up display device, an adhesive paste set on a bottom side of the base of a display module is provided to adhere on a windshield, to reduce shakes that a reflective sheet of a reflective sheet adjustment module is fixed on the dashboard and the windshield, and rotary joint structures are further set between the display module and the reflective sheet adjustment module, so that a driver may easily adjust the direction of the reflective sheet to obtain an optimal viewing angle, to thereby improve driving safety.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel system and method for improving spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of a captured spectrum by employing digital beam reforming, digital slicing, and digital multiplexing. In an embodiment, the method comprises: and entrance aperture for the light to enter the apparatus, a collimating element (refractive or reflective), a dispersive element (single- or multi-axis), a focusing element (refractive or reflective), and a linear or array detector for acquisition of the spectrum. The spectrum is then digitally beam reformed, digitally beam sliced to increase spectral resolution, and digitally beam multiplexed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition the disclosed invention is also capable of performing digital beam refocusing which means the optical focusing power can be chosen such that its performance surpasses the performance of any analog optical focusing element thereby further increasing the spectral resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum.

Abstract: A lens module includes a substrate, a first array of passive optical elements on the substrate, and a second array of passive optical elements separate from the first array. The optical elements of the first array and the optical elements of the second array form multiple optical channels, in which at least one optical channel is a catadioptric optical channel including a reflective optical element and a refractive optical element. The reflective optical element is arranged to reflect light toward the refractive optical element, each optical channel has a corresponding field-of-view, and the lens module has an overall field of view defined by the range of angles subtended by the field-of-view of the plurality of optical channels.

Abstract: A camera array apparatus including a plurality of cameras and a light deflection module is provided. The cameras are arranged in an array. The light deflection module is disposed on the cameras. The light deflection module includes at least one prism set. The prism set has a plurality of prisms. The prism set is configured to deflect a light entering obliquely with respect to an optical axis of the cameras to at least a portion of the cameras. The angle between the optical axis and the deflected light is smaller than the angle between the optical axis and the light before being deflected.

Abstract: A vertical dipole array structure includes a substrate that supports a film, which is not comprised of a negative-index metamaterial. The film includes a plurality of tilt-oriented portions and apertures. At least two of the tilt-oriented portions are separated by an aperture, and the tilt-oriented portions are configured such that incident radiation is redirected into a negative or positive refraction direction.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display unit in which pixels configured from a group of a plurality of types of sub-pixels displaying different primary colors are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix shape in the row direction and the column direction; and an optical separation unit separating an image displayed on the display unit into images for a plurality of observation points, in which, when one of the primary colors displayed by the sub-pixels is expressed as a first primary color, the distance between the boundaries of respectively adjacent sub-pixel columns formed of sub-pixels displaying the first primary color is shorter than the distance between boundaries of respectively adjacent sub-pixel columns formed of the same type of sub-pixels displaying different primary colors to the first primary color.

Abstract: Movement of a display device is detected, and an image is displayed in stereoscopic display or planar display depending on the detected movement.

Abstract: A six-piece optical lens for capturing image and a six-piece optical module for capturing image are provided. In order from an object side to an image side, the optical lens along the optical axis includes a first lens with refractive power, a second lens with refractive power, a third lens with refractive power, a fourth lens with refractive power, a fifth lens with refractive power and a sixth lens with refractive power. At least one of the image-side surface and object-side surface of each of the six lens elements is aspheric. The optical lens can increase aperture value and improve the imagining quality for use in compact cameras.

Abstract: A corrective lens adapter configured for attaching to a firearm scope that comprises a lens adapted to compensate for presbyopic vision deficiencies of a user, a cylindrical body adapted to receive and support the lens, and a shroud adapted to be placed over a proximate end of the scope. The shroud is formed of a flexible material to be operatively fit over the eye piece of the scope without marring or damaging the scope, and includes a cord for cinching the shroud closed.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods and apparatus for providing a variable optic insert into an ophthalmic lens. The variable optic insert may have surfaces within that have differing radii of curvature. A liquid crystal layer may be used to provide a variable optic function and in some embodiments, an alignment layer for the liquid crystal layer may be patterned in a radially dependent manner. The patterning may allow for the index of refraction of the optic device to vary in a gradient-indexed or GRIN manner. An energy source is capable of powering the variable optic insert included within the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens is cast-molded from a silicone hydrogel. The various ophthalmic lens entities may include electroactive liquid crystal layers to electrically control optical characteristics.

Abstract: Translating contact lenses which are truncated for correcting presbyopia and whose design is optimized to maximize translation ability while maintaining comfort when the lens is worn on eye. Truncation of the lenses results in a non-round geometry while still retaining under-lid residency in select portions of the lens itself. Maximum thickness and back surface radius of curvature along with ramp shape can be optimized individually or in combination to maximize translation of the lens relative to the eye, when the lens is positioned on eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens to be worn on or in a human eye for refractive correction of astigmatism. The lens has an anterior surface and a posterior surface shaped such that at least a zone of the lens said lens has a first dioptric power over a first main meridian, a second dioptric power different from the first dioptric power over a second main meridian intersecting the first meridian, and a dioptric power between the first dioptric power and said second dioptric power over each meridian between the first and second main meridians, the optical power continuously varying from meridian to meridian. The main meridians and at least one meridian between the main meridians each have a different Coddington shape factor and a different asphericity that is related to the Coddington shape factor of the respective meridian in accordance with a relationship providing aberration neutral refraction for the respective meridian.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing access to an accommodation-capable eye-mountable device via a user interface of an auxiliary device. In an embodiment, the user interface provides prompts for a user of the eye-mountable device to perform various viewing actions, where the eye-mountable device receives from the auxiliary device communications indicating respective times of the viewing actions. Based on the communications, the eye-mountable device generates configuration information indicating a correspondence of respective states of the eye-mountable device to respective characteristics of the viewing actions. In another embodiment, operational modes of the eye-mountable device are defined based on the configuration information.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a polyurethane based high refractive index polarizing lens comprising polyisocyanate and polythiol, that has no problems such as the generation of bubbles, and has excellent adhesiveness. A manufacturing method for high refractive index polarizing lenses including a process for forming lens layers comprising a polyurethane based polymer formed from polyisocyanate and polythiol on both surfaces of a polarizing film, characterized by using a polarizing film whereof the water content is 4.5 wt % or less as the aforementioned polarizing film.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal device incorporating metamaterials which exhibit non-reciprocity through angular momentum biasing. The metamaterial, such as a ring resonator, is angular-momentum biased. This is achieved by applying a suitable mechanical or spatio-temporal modulation to resonant inclusions of the metamaterial, thereby producing strong non-reciprocity. In this manner, non-reciprocity can be produced without requiring the use of large and bulky magnets to produce a static magnetic field. The metamaterials of the present invention can be realized by semiconducting and/or metallic materials which are widely used in integrated circuit technology, and therefore, contrary to magneto-optical materials, can be easily integrated into the non-reciprocal devices and large microwave or optical systems. The metamaterials of the present invention can be compact at various frequencies due to the enhanced wave-matter interaction in the constituent resonant inclusions.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes a substrate; a lower cladding disposed on the substrate; a rib waveguide including a slab disposed on the lower cladding and a single rib disposed on the slab contiguous to the slab; and an upper cladding disposed on the rib waveguide. The rib waveguide includes a first doped region having a first electric conductivity exhibiting a P-type electric conductivity across the rib and the slab and a second doped region being contiguous to the first doped region and having a second electric conductivity exhibiting an N-type electric conductivity across the rib and the slab.

Abstract: An optical modulator is described. This optical modulator may be implemented using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. In particular, a semiconductor layer in an SOI platform may include a photonic crystal having a group velocity of light that is less than that of the semiconductor layer. Moreover, an optical modulator (such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer) may be implemented in the photonic crystal with a vertical junction in the semiconductor layer. During operation of the optical modulator, an input optical signal may be split into two different optical signals that feed two optical waveguides, and then subsequently combined into an output optical signal. Furthermore, during operation, time-varying bias voltages may be applied across the vertical junction in the optical modulator using contacts defined along a lateral direction of the optical modulator.

Abstract: A testing fixture includes a base, a signal source, a workstation and a crimping mechanism. The base is provided with a sloping surface carrying the workstation and the crimping mechanism. The signal source is located on the base. The crimping mechanism applies testing signals transmitted by the signal source to the product to be tested. Additionally, the workstation performs an electrical function test on the product to be tested. The testing fixture can effectively perform an electrical function test on the product to be tested and has an integrated design of the base, the signal source, the workstation and the crimping mechanism, which facilitates management and maintenance. The base is also provided with a sloping surface carrying the workstation and the crimping mechanism to provide the testing fixture with an optimal testing angle, thereby facilitating operation and production.

Abstract: A substrate inspection device and method are disclosed. The substrate inspection device includes a conveyance stage for carrying the substrate on its surface; a region scanning camera located at a first side of the conveyance stage, provided to be opposite to the surface, and configured for inspecting standard specification of the substrate; a line scanning camera located at the first side of the conveyance stage, provided to be opposite to the surface, and configured for inspecting edge line and size of the substrate; and a light source located at a second side of the conveyance stage opposite to the first side, configured for irradiating light rays onto the substrate, so as to be utilized by the region scanning camera and the line scanning camera for inspecting the substrate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a flat-panel product inspection device, comprising: a horizontal conveying mechanism for driving a flat-panel product in a horizontal state to move in a first horizontal direction; a guiding clamp for clamping the flat-panel product when the flat-panel product is moved to a first position; and a turnover mechanism connected with the guiding clamp and used to drive the guiding clamp to turn around a first rotating axis after the flat-panel product is clamped by the guiding clamp, so that the flat-panel product is turned from the horizontal state to a vertical state, the first rotating axis being parallel to the first horizontal direction.

Abstract: A bezel abutting a peripheral edge of a display region of a liquid crystal panel having the display region on one surface, and a BL chassis holding the liquid crystal panel from the other surface side of the liquid crystal panel are fastened to each other by a plurality of fastening members to form a housing. Each of the fastening members is selected from a plurality of types of the fastening members having different electrical resistance values for each fastening location so that a resonance frequency of the housing does not coincide with a frequency of the electromagnetic wave noise radiated from the housing.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate, where the thin film transistor includes a drain electrode, a passivation layer disposed on the substrate covering the thin film transistor, a common electrode disposed on the passivation layer, where the common electrode receives a common voltage, a liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity layer on the common electrode, a roof layer disposed covering the liquid crystal layer, and a pixel electrode disposed on the roof layer, and a method of manufacturing the display device is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display panel and a display method thereof, and a display device. The display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit is composed of nine sub-pixels arranged in five columns, one center sub-pixel traversing two rows is only provided in the third column of each pixel unit, while the sub-pixels are arranged in two rows in other columns. The nine sub-pixels in each pixel unit include color sub-pixels and compensation sub-pixels, the color sub-pixels include a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel, and the compensation sub-pixels include a brightness compensation sub-pixel and a chromaticity compensation sub-pixel. The center sub-pixel has any one of five kinds of colors, a number of the sub-pixels with each of other four colors is two, and the sub-pixels with the same color are not adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A display device may include a first substrate having a display area and a non-display area, a second substrate opposite the first substrate, a light shielding sealant on at least one side surface of the first and second substrates, and a first polarizer on at least one surface of the first and second substrates. The first polarizer may intersect an imaginary surface extending from the at least one side surface.

Abstract: An array substrate, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device are provided. The array substrate comprises: a base substrate, a data line and a gate line intersecting with each other on the base substrate, a plurality of pixel regions defined by the data line and the gate line on the array substrate and arranged in array, and a wire grid polarizing film arranged in respective pixel regions and configured for changing natural light passing therethrough into linearly polarized light; wherein, the wire grid polarizing film in the respective pixel regions has a grating structure, so the wire grid polarizing film plays a role of polarizer, and therefore, a process of separately attaching a polarizer after cell-assembling is omitted, which can improve production efficiency, save production cost, and be conducive to thinning the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display module, which comprises a bottom substrate, one or more reflective member, an array bump-structure layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a top substrate. The array bump-structure layer comprises one or more first bump region and one or mode second bump region. The second bump region is disposed on the reflective member correspondingly. By using the reflective member, the problem of complicated fabrication of the array bump layer having a plurality of sloping angles according to the prior art can be avoided.

Abstract: A light emitting device package including light emitting devices, and optical lenses respectively disposed over the light emitting devices. Further, a respective optical lens includes an extending member extending from a body of the respective optical lens, and including a first portion laterally extending in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the respective light emitting device, and a second portion extending towards the substrate in a second direction substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device. A vertical cross section of the second portion is substantially symmetrical with respect to an axis that is spaced apart in the first direction from and substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus having a 16:9 geometry includes light-emitting elements disposed on a first substrate or a second substrate, light flux control members respectively disposed on the light-emitting elements and on the first or second substrate, and a film stack disposed above the light flux control members. Each light flux control member includes a bottom surface section disposed on the first or second substrate, a non-rotationally symmetric input surface section having an inward recess disposed in the bottom surface section at a position directly above one of the light-emitting elements, and a non-rotationally symmetric output surface configured to refract light passing through the input surface section, and to transmit light outside. The light flux control members disposed on the first substrate are spaced 100 mm apart from each other in a first direction, and the light-emitting elements are spaced 23 mm away from the film stack.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a substrate, and a bottom chassis. The substrate is provided with light sources to emit light towards the display panel. The substrate includes a fixing hole formed between the light sources. The substrate is coupled to the bottom chassis. The bottom chassis includes a fixing protrusion to be coupled to the fixing hole. The fixing protrusion is formed with the bottom chassis to have a detachment prevention structure so that the fixing protrusion is prevented from being detached from the fixing hole.

Abstract: Provided is an optical laminate for a front surface of an in-cell touch panel liquid crystal element in which the thickness can be reduced while necessary functions are ensured, and a liquid crystal screen becoming cloudy can be prevented. The optical laminate for a front surface of an in-cell touch panel liquid crystal element comprises a phase difference plate, a polarizing film, and a surface protective film in this order, and further comprises a conductive layer. The surface protective film has optical anisotropy that scatters linear polarized light emitted from the polarizing film, and a thickness of the optical laminate is in a range of 90 ?m to 450 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical film, a method for preparing the same, and a liquid crystal display including the same. The optical film is a single film of a non-liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and includes: first and second surface part placed on both surfaces of the film in a thickness direction; and an inner part of the film placed between the first and second surface part, wherein the first and second surface part are not aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction, and the inner part of the film is aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A curved liquid crystal display is provided. The curved liquid crystal display includes: a first curved substrate; a second curved substrate; a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal layer being interposed between the first and second curved substrates; a first curved liquid crystal alignment layer interposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first curved substrate; and a second curved liquid crystal alignment layer interposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second curved substrate. The first curved liquid crystal alignment layer includes protrusions protruded toward the second curved liquid crystal alignment layer. The second curved liquid crystal alignment layer includes protrusions protruded toward the first curved liquid crystal alignment layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal panel, a display apparatus and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal panel. The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal panel includes: forming a first alignment layer covering a substrate surface and having an alignment direction along a first direction on a first substrate; the first substrate includes multiple column pixel areas; forming a second alignment layer having an alignment direction along a second direction on the first alignment layer, the first direction and the second direction are different directions, in correspondence with each of the column pixel areas, the second alignment layer has at least one aligning unit that penetrates the column pixel areas, and a width of each of the aligning unit is smaller than a width of the column pixel area.