Abstract: A silicate glass that is tough and scratch resistant. The toughness is increased by minimizing the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms in the glass. In one embodiment, the silicate glass is an aluminoborosilicate glass in which ?15 mol %?(R2O+R?O—Al2O3—ZrO2)—B2O3?4 mol %, where R is one of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, and R? is one of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition that allows holes with a circular contour and a smooth inner wall to be formed by a collective micro-hole-forming process using a combination of modified portion formation by ultraviolet laser irradiation and etching, the glass composition being adapted for practical continuous production. The present invention relates to a glass for laser processing, the glass including a metal oxide serving as a coloring component, the glass having a glass composition including, in mol %: 45.0%?SiO2?68.0%; 2.0%?B2O3?20.0%; 3.0%?Al2O3?20.0%; 0.1%?TiO2?5.0%; and 0%?ZnO?9.0%, wherein a relationship of 0?Li2O+Na2O+K2O<2.0% is satisfied.

Abstract: The amorphous, or at least partially crystalline, glass-based joining material is suitable for high-temperature applications, particularly in fuel cells and/or sensors. In addition to SiO2 and B2O3 as glass formers, the joining material similarly contains BaO and CaO, whereby the amount of Al2O3 is limited. The joining material has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of at least 7.0·10?6 K?1 in a range of 20° C. to 300° C. The joining material can be used for joining ferritic high-grade steels and/or chromium-containing alloys and/or ceramics, such as stabilized zirconium oxide and/or aluminium oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glass composition that gives a high thermal expansion crystallized glass having a thermal expansion coefficient of not less than 130×10?7/° C. after its firing in the form of powder at a temperature not lower than 850° C. The glass composition is substantially free of alkali metal oxides, and contains 12-25 mass % SiO2, 10-20 mass % B2O3 (but, not including 20 mass %), 18-30 mass % CaO, 15-30 mass % MgO, and 10.5-27 mass % BaO, wherein the glass composition, when fired in the form of glass powder at a temperature of 850-1050° C., forms a crystallized glass that exhibits a thermal expansion coefficient of at least 130×10?7/° C. in the range of 50-800° C.

Abstract: A technical object of the present invention is to devise a top plate for a cooking appliance that can suppress proliferation of bacteria or mold. In order to achieve the technical object, the top plate for a cooking appliance of the present invention includes: a crystallized glass substrate having a cooking surface on which a cooking device is placed; and a decorative layer formed on the cooking surface, in which the decorative layer includes 30 vol % to 100 vol % of ZnO—B2O3-based glass and 0 vol % to 70 vol % of refractory filler powder.

Abstract: The present application provides methods and apparatus for processing ceramic fibers for the manufacture of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). One method may include providing at least one frame including a planar array of unidirectional ceramic fibers extending across a void thereof. The method may further include depositing a coating on the ceramic fibers of the at least one frame via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The method may also include impregnating the coated ceramic fibers with a slurry including a ceramic matrix precursor composition to form at least one CMC prepreg, such as a prepreg tape. The ceramic fibers may be substantially SiC fibers, for example.

Abstract: Optically transparent articles and structures that include or are otherwise disposed on a substantially transparent substrate. These articles and structures also include a stack of N (N>2) bi-layers on the substrate, the stack having a thickness of at least 5 nm. Each bi-layer is defined by (a) a first layer; and (b) a second layer disposed on the first layer, the layers having at least one of different compositions and different microstructures. The stack has a stack refractive index between about 1.2 and about 2.2 or between about 100% and about 150% of a refractive index of the substrate, and a stack hardness of 15 GPa or greater when measured with a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test along an indentation depth in the range from about 10% to about 50% of the thickness of the stack disposed on a glass test substrate having a hardness between 6.5 and 8 GPa.

Abstract: A material includes a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers including at least one silver-based functional layer, wherein the stack includes a protective coating deposited on top of at least one portion of the functional layer, the protective coating including: a lower protective layer having a thickness of between 1 and 10 nm, a central protective layer based on carbon graphite located on top of the lower protective layer, and an upper protective layer having a thickness of between 1 and 10 nm located on top of the central protective layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a reflector element and a reflector element are disclosed. In an embodiment the method includes depositing a layer sequence on a substrate, wherein the layer sequence includes at least one mirror layer and at least one reactive multilayer system and igniting the reactive multilayer system in order to activate heat input in the layer sequence.

Abstract: Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent that is less than about ?0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass article and the corresponding glass article are provided. The method for forming a glass article includes providing a glass substrate sheet, and translating a pulsed laser beam on the glass substrate sheet. The pulsed laser forms a laser damage region extending from first surface of the glass substrate sheet a mid-point of the glass substrate sheet. The method further includes contacting the glass substrate sheet with an etchant solution to form channels at the laser damage region, the channels having width and depth dimensions of less than 150 ?m. The glass article includes a first surface, a second surface, a channel extending from the first surface to point between the first surface and the second surface. The channel has width and height dimensions less than about 150 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods directed to carbonation of a cement mix during mixing. The carbonation may be in a stationary mixer or a transportable mixer, such as a drum of a ready-mix truck.

Abstract: The present invention is a dispersant composition for a hydraulic composition, which includes (A) a polymer compound having a naphthalene ring-containing monomer unit and (B) a specific alkylene oxide added compound represented by the general formulas (B1) to (B3), wherein a molar ratio of a total amount of the component (B) to the naphthalene ring-containing monomer unit in the component (A) is 0.4% or more and 30% or less.

Abstract: The present invention is a dispersant composition for a hydraulic composition, which includes (A) a cement dispersant composed of a polymer having a naphthalene ring-containing monomer unit, and (B) one or more specific alkylene oxide-added compounds represented by the general formula (B1), wherein a molar ratio of a total amount of (B) to the naphthalene ring-containing monomer unit in (A) is 3% or more and 16% or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a geopolymer composite. It further relates to a geopolymer composite, and the use of a geopolymer, a geopolymer in combination with an athermanous additive, or the geopolymer composite in expanded vinyl polymer, preferably vinyl aromatic polymer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the production of expandable vinyl aromatic polymer granulate, and expandable vinyl aromatic polymer granulate. Finally, the present invention relates to expanded vinyl foam, preferably vinyl aromatic polymer, and to a masterbatch comprising vinyl polymer and a), b), or c).

Abstract: A cementing method includes positioning a bottom plug at a casing shoe, rupturing the bottom plug, signaling when a top plug reaches a target position, and releasing a chemical into a cement slurry below the top plug in response to the signaling. The signaling or releasing involves an electronic signaling interface included with the bottom plug and/or the top plug. A cementing system includes a top plug position interface that identifies when a top plug reaches a target position relative to a bottom plug and a chemical release interface that releases a chemical into a cement slurry below the top plug. The top plug position interface or the chemical release interface include an electronic signaling interface integrated with at least one of the top plug and a bottom plug.

Abstract: A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is both self-compacting and lightweight, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs./cu.ft. The concrete, at the density ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete, has a higher strength and, at the strength ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete, a lower density. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft/sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft/sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

Abstract: A roofing tile composed of concrete material and a method for producing such a roofing tile. The concrete material contains a binder, a gravel, a light-weight aggregate, and added water. The roofing tile has at least one watercourse and a lateral interlocking joint having a covering fold and a water fold. The ratio of water to binder is less than 0.3, the light-weight aggregate is composed of a material that is hydrophobic and/or not hygroscopic, and the roofing tile has a density in the range of 1.6 g/cm3 to 1.9 g/cm3 after the hardening. The roofing tile has a thickness of 5 mm to 9 mm, preferably 7 mm to 8 mm, in the highly loaded regions, preferably in the region of the watercourse.

Abstract: A preparation method of a ceramic membrane support is disclosed. Take aluminium hydroxide, produced through a carbon decomposing process by a sintering method, as a raw material, pre-sinter the aluminium hydroxide, and obtain a low-temperature alumina product A; add a first amount of mineralizer into the product A, grind after calcining the added product A, and obtain a ?-alumina product B; mix the product B with Al2O3.nH2O, calcine after adding a second amount of mineralizer into the mixed product B, and obtain a ?-alumina product C; grind, scatter and grade the calcined and heat-preserved ?-alumina product C, and obtain polyhedral alumina powders; mix the polyhedral alumina powders, water, humectant and dispersant and then sinter, and finally obtain the porous alumina support. The prepared support is easy to be sintered, is high in alumina purity, is good in corrosion resistance, and is improved in porosity and flux.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride polycrystal includes cubic boron nitride, the cubic boron nitride having an average grain size of not more than 150 nm, the cubic boron nitride polycrystal having a crack generation load of not less than 25 N in a breaking strength test in which an R200 ?m diamond indenter is used to apply a load at a rate of 100 N/min.

Abstract: A process for providing fluoresence to a dental ceramic body by treating at least a portion of the outer surface of the dental ceramic body or a precursor thereof with a bismuth containing substance, characterized by the steps of placing the dental ceramic body or the precursor thereof into a closeable container, in particular a crucible; generating a bismuth containing atmosphere in the container and exposing at least a portion of the outer surface of the dental ceramic body or of the precursor to the bismuth containing atmosphere at a temperature above 1000° C.

Abstract: An oxide and non-oxide based ceramic matrix composite (“CMC”) component for a combustion turbine engine has a solidified ceramic core with a three-dimensional preform of ceramic fibers, embedded therein. Engineered surface features (“ESFs”) are cut into an outer surface of the core and fibers of the preform. A thermal barrier coat (“TBC”) is applied over and coupled to the core outer surface and the ESFs. The ESFs provide increased surface area and mechanically interlock the TBC, improving adhesion between the ceramic core and the TBC.

Abstract: Provided herein is a fertilizing composition including iron, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, molybdenum, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, siderophores and natural clays.

Abstract: This invention refers to an acid composition containing leonardite, amino acids and surfactants for use as fertiliser, biostimulant and/or nutrient and to a procedure for obtaining this composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activated aerobic composting media comprising of, coir pith, nutritive amendments and consortium of micro-organism, for rapid composting of organic waste into high-quality organic manure. The composting media of the present invention has excellent water retention property, optimum pH and air-water balance for enabling efficient biodegradation and eliminates the need of frequent turning or frequent watering of the organic material during composting. The present invention also provides a method of preparation of the media and compacting it for easy packaging, transportation, storage, and handling. The compacted composting media of the present invention provides a hassle free, cost effective and convenient composting process, which results in a odour-free, leachate-free composting of organic waste without producing any toxic gases.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a food waste recycler including a housing defining an interior with an access opening providing access to the interior, a bin located within the interior and a mixing assembly located within the bin to facilitate the movement of material, such as refuse, according to an automatic cycle of operation.

Abstract: A controlled-release solid nitride fertilizer from fly ash and a method for making are described. The fertilizer includes a nitrogen source including at least one solid nitride combined with at least one precipitation-inhibiting agent and with at least one moisture-retention agent, all compressed together to form a porous release structure that in contact with water releases ammonium ions as a nitrogen nutrient at a substantially uniform release rate over a selected release period and thereby maximizes nitrogen-use efficiency by plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-based non-sensitized matrix or explosive suspension which itself has a rheological behavior such that it allows mechanically loading upward boreholes. This suspension behaves like a viscous liquid when it is forced to flow due to the action of a loading pump, and, however, has the characteristics of a soft solid when it is on standby once inside the borehole. The composition essentially consists of an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts and optionally water-soluble fuels and/or sensitizers, and one or more water-soluble polymers conferring the desired rheological characteristics. Particles of oxidizing salts with a grain size such that they enhance the rheological behavior characteristic of the suspension are dispersed in this aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a nitrocellulose-based propellant composition comprising: (a) a nitrate ester-based propellant comprising nitrocellulose; and (b) a stabiliser comprising a non-aromatic compound (12) consisting of a general ionone formula (12-I), (12-II), (12-III) or (12-IV): wherein le represents a ketone, hydroxyl, carboxyl, aldehyde or an unsaturated alkyl group, preferably —C(O)CH3 (corresponding to alpha, beta, gamma and pseudo ionone).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a nitrocellulose-based propellant composition comprising: (a) a nitrate ester based propellant comprising nitrocellulose; and (b) a stabiliser consisting of a tocopherol compound with a general formula (I), wherein: X is oxygen; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carboxylic acid, carboxylate, ester, saccharide, alkoxy-linked saccharide, alcohol, and ethers; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen methyl, benzyl carboxylic acid, benzyl carboxylate, benzylester and saccharide; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, benzyl carboxylic acid, benzyl carboxylate, benzylester and saccharide; R4 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, benzyl carboxylic acid, benzyl carboxylate, benzylester and saccharide; and R5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pepper spray composition comprising: (a) a chemical irritant; (b) a propellant, wherein the propellant comprises transHFO-1234ze; (c) a solvent, wherein said solvent comprises transHFO-1233zd; and (d) a non-ionic surfactant and/or an ionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present disclosure envisages a catalyst composition for olefin oligomerization. The present disclosure also provides the offline and inline methods for preparing the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition of the present disclosure provides high productivity and selectivity for 1-Hexene during olefin oligomerization.

Abstract: A method (100) for producing hydrocarbons is proposed, in which one or more steam cracking feed streams (a) which predominantly or exclusively contain hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms are subjected to one or more steam cracking steps (10), thus obtaining one or more steam cracking discharge streams (b), and wherein one or more reaction feed streams (t, u) which predominantly or exclusively contain methane are subjected to one or more steps (60) for the oxidative coupling of methane, thus obtaining one or more reaction discharge streams (v) which contain ethane, while a separation discharge stream (m) which predominantly or exclusively contains ethane is formed using fluid from the steam cracking discharge stream or streams (b).

Abstract: A reforming reactor and process of using same in which residence time of feed within a chamber of a reactor is shortened. Feed is injected into the reactor into a non-reactive zone. The non-reactive zone has two portions, a first portion receiving the feed, and a second portion receiving a purge gas. The purge gas will flow from the second portion to the first portion to prevent flow of the feed from the first portion to the second portion. The combined gas may be passed to a reaction zone for catalytic reforming. The first portion and the second portion may be separated by a baffle.

Abstract: A catalyst is described comprising at least one IZM-2 zeolite containing silicon atoms and aluminium atoms, at least one matrix and at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic classification of the elements, the zeolite having a ratio between the number of moles of silicon and the number of moles of aluminium in the range 60 to 150. Said catalyst is used in a process for the isomerization of an aromatic feed comprising at least one compound containing eight carbon atoms per molecule.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for the removal of paraffins. The processes generally include providing a C4 containing stream including isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, n-butane and isobutane, introducing the C4 containing stream into a paraffin removal process to form an olefin rich stream, wherein the paraffin removal process is selected from extractive distillation utilizing a solvent including an organonitrile, passing the C4 containing stream over a semi-permeable membrane and combinations thereof; and recovering the olefin rich stream from the paraffin removal process, wherein the olefin rich stream includes less than 5 wt. % paraffins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Lewis acid catalyst for preparation of toluene from 2-methylfuran and a method for preparing toluene from 2-methylfuran by using the same. The catalyst is a zeolite catalyst ion-exchanged with a metal or a metal halide catalyst. The catalyst accelerates the cycloaddition of 2-methylfuran with ethylene and inhibits oligomerization as a side reaction, and thus allows production of toluene from 2-methylfuran with high yield and high selectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing highly pure chlorinated alkane in which a chlorinated alkene is contacted with chlorine in a reaction zone to produce a reaction mixture containing the chlorinated alkane and the chlorinated alkene, and extracting a portion of the reaction mixture from the reaction zone, wherein the molar ratio of chlorinated alkane:chlorinated alkene in the reaction mixture extracted from the reaction zone does not exceed 95:5.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene using methylmagnesium chloride, comprising the following steps: 1) preparing 1,1,2-trifluoropropene (CH3CF?CF2); 2) preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropane (CF3CF2CH3); 3) preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CF3CF?CH2). In the present invention, using a Grignard reagent, namely methylmagnesium chloride, and tetrafluoroethylene as starting raw materials, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is prepared by three steps of nucleophilic addition-elimination, fluorine addition, and dehydrofluorination in sequence. The process flow is relatively short, and the product yield is high.

Abstract: The invention relates to the separation of a mixture comprising 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R142) and trans-dichloroethylene (TDCE) by extractive distillation and more particularly to a separation process wherein the TDCE is removed selectively by extractive distillation, thus leading to purified 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane.

Abstract: A system and method for removing acetic acid and other short chain fatty acids described as organic acid from a rich mono-ethylene glycol (“MEG”) solution does so by stripping the organic acid from the rich MEG solution by contacting the solution with a gas, the gas being nitrogen or a fuel gas such as methane; and stripping the organic acid from the gas by contacting the gas with a caustic solution such as a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The stripping steps take place in respective stripping columns. A portion of the gas exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled to the MEG/organic acid stripping column to reduce total gas usage. A portion of the waste stream exiting the gas/organic acid stripping column can be recycled back to the gas/organic acid stripping column to reduce the amount of caustic solution used as well as the amount of waste.

Abstract: Provided are industrial and economical methods for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate (3), which is, for example, a sex pheromone component of Comstock mealybug, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2), which is an intermediate of the acetate (3). More specifically, provided are a method for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol comprising a step of subjecting 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl 2-methyl-2-propenyl ether (1) to a rearrangement reaction in the presence of a base to obtain 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2), and a method for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate comprising a step of acetylating the produced 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2) to obtain 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate (3).

Abstract: Titanium complexes containing catecholate ligands can be desirable active materials for flow batteries and other electrochemical energy storage systems. Such complexes can be formed, potentially on very large scales, through reacting a catechol compound in an organic solvent with titanium tetrachloride, and then obtaining an aqueous phase containing an alkali metal salt form of the titanium catechol complex. More specifically, the methods can include: forming a catechol solution and heating, adding titanium tetrachloride to the catechol solution, reacting the titanium tetrachloride with a catechol compound to evolve HCl gas and to form an intermediate titanium catechol complex, and adding an alkaline aqueous solution to the intermediate titanium catechol complex to form an alkali metal salt form titanium catechol complex that is at least partially dissolved in an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase can be separated from an organic phase.

Abstract: Titanium complexes containing at least one catecholate ligand can be desirable active materials for flow batteries and other electrochemical energy storage systems. Such complexes can be formed through reacting a catechol compound with a titanium reagent in an organic solvent, removing a byproduct species, and then obtaining an aqueous phase containing a salt form of the titanium catechol complex, particularly an alkali metal salt form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound having the formula (I), as well as a method for preparing such a compound, a cosmetic or pharmaceutic composition containing such a compound, and the use thereof as a depigmenting, lightening, bleaching or whitening agent and for treating pigmentation disorders, notably by topical application on the skin.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1). (in formula (1), R1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R2 to R5 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R4 and/or at least one R5 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, m2 and m3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, m4 and m5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m4 and m5 are not 0 at the same time, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p2 to p5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.

Abstract: Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided.

Abstract: Protected photocrosslinkers and their use in two-stage photocuring of (meth)acrylate monomers is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for fine purification of isophoronediamine from the production of isophoronediamine wherein the crude isophoronediamine I is subjected to a fine purification by means of two vacuum distillation columns, wherein I. in the first vacuum distillation column K I low-boiling by-products still present are removed, and a crude IPDA II is transferred from the bottom of K I into the vacuum distillation column K II, II. and in the second vacuum distillation column K II the isophoronediamine is obtained in pure form overhead and separated from the organic residues, wherein the first condenser is a partial condenser and the pure IPDA is removed therein, and wherein the second condenser is a total condenser and the residual portion of the vapor stream from K II is completely condensed therein and recycled as return stream into the first vacuum distillation column K I.

Abstract: Ethyl benzyl quaternaries having superior anti-fungal properties versus their benzyl quaternary analogs. The ethylbenzyl amidoamine quaternaries of the present invention are easily produced without significant waste and with minimal capital, while possessing improved antimicrobial properties. These molecules are useful in a range of applications such as fungicides, personal care as treatments for acne, dandruff, psoriasis and other fungal skin born conditions, as well as in feminine products where an antifungal is required that is gentle on the sensitive tissues, as well as HIV prevention. These molecules are also excellent hair conditioners and laundry fabric softeners.