Abstract: The present application relates to a switching valve, a switching hydraulic system, and a crane, in which the switching valve having an oil inlet and an oil outlet comprises at least two pairs of valve oil ports, a pair of cartridge valves provided between each pair of valve oil ports, and the oil inlet and the oil outlet are controlled such that the oil inlet and the oil outlet are capable of shifting between communications with the at least two pairs of valve oil ports. The switching valve switches on and off communication between the oil inlet and the oil outlet and the at least two pairs of valve oil ports by controlling opening or closing of the cartridge valves.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include backscreens, backscreen accessories for implements of power machines, and implements including the same. In the backscreens or backscreen accessories, a first backscreen portion is attached to a frame of the implement, for example by welding. The first backscreen portion includes at least one first portion interface feature. A second backscreen portion has at least one second portion interface feature. The at least one first portion interface feature and the at least one second portion interface feature are configured to engage one another to removably couple the second backscreen portion to the first backscreen portion.

Abstract: There is provided a bottle cap opener comprising: a cylindrical body including an upper cylindrical body and a lower cylindrical body; an elongate screw bar passing through the upper cylindrical body at a center thereof, and passing beyond the upper cylindrical body upwards; a handle coupled to the elongate screw bar at a top end thereof; a screw protrusion coupled to the elongate screw bar at a bottom end thereof; both wings pivotally coupled to the upper cylindrical body at both-side pivotal portions thereof via both-side pivotal shafts respectively; and a silicon-based cap gripper formed on an inner face of the lower cylindrical body so as to grip a bottle cap tightly therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automated batch making assemblies where various component materials, at least, some in liquid form, are combined. Specifically, the invention provides a dispensing assembly that adds efficiency by increasing dramatically the speed with which a liquid is dispensed from a container and by providing means and methods to automate the addition of and account for the amount of each component.

Abstract: An automated liquid inventory monitoring and inventory reconciliation system. The system uses a liquid densitometer to precisely measure the density of liquid being dispensed. This allows the system to account for the significant temperature-induced volume variations existing in common liquids such as gasoline. In the preferred embodiments, a fuel inventory processor tracks the quantity of fuel loaded into the tank and the quantity of fuel dispensed to maintain an ongoing computation of the quantity of fuel that should be present in the tank. An accurate tank depth measurement device is also employed. The processor compares the tank depth measurement to the computed quantity of fuel in the tank and uses the values to create an updated tank strapping chart.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing nozzle including a nozzle body having a fluid path and a suction path therein. The nozzle includes a suction generator configured to generate a suction force in the suction path when fluid to be dispensed flows through the fluid path. The nozzle further includes a shut-off device having a suction chamber fluidly coupled to the suction path. The shut-off device is configured such that when the suction path is blocked during fluid dispensing the shut-off device prevents the nozzle from dispensing fluid through the fluid path. The suction chamber includes a lip extending around a perimeter thereof. An opening is formed in or extends through the lip, the opening providing fluid communication between the suction chamber and the suction path to enable liquid to flow from the suction chamber to the suction path.

Abstract: A lift system having a block and tackle pulley system movable along a track and carrying first and second hooks at a common attachment axis is provided. The first hook is attached at a front end of the saddle while the second hook is attached to the back end of the saddle. Once the saddle is lowered onto the horse the inward tension of the hooks caused by the weight of the saddle is released allowing the hooks to be removed from the saddle without human intervention. The lift system accommodates a range of saddle sizes and weights.

Abstract: A box for a microelectronic device includes a first portion and a second portion able to be assembled in order to define, in an assembled position, a housing space for the microelectronic device. A face of the first portion is facing a face of the second portion in the assembled position. The first zones facing the faces form an interface for attaching the first portion and second portion. The second zones face faces forming a cavity for receiving the microelectronic device. At least one among the first portion and the second portion includes at least one element for electrical connection. The first portion and the second portion can apply at least one connection pad of the microelectronic device on the element for connection in the assembled position.

Abstract: A method of forming a space includes a step of tenting, on a substrate having a recessed portion, a dry film including a dry film material that is to be a top plate on the recessed portion. The step of tenting the dry film includes a press period and a release period and performs a press-release cycle of the press period and the release period a plurality of times, a pressed state in which the dry film is pressed against the substrate by using a pressing member is maintained during the press period, and a released state in which the pressed state is released is maintained during the release period.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microscale or nanoscale stepper motor in which one or more arrays of corresponding types of optically switchable molecular actuators are used to drive progressive motion between bodies of the motor.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing boron nitride nanotubes, the method including: injecting a boron-metal catalyst composite into a reaction chamber; injecting a nitrogen precursor into the reaction chamber; producing a decomposition product of the boron-metal catalyst composite in a gas state by irradiating the boron-metal catalyst composite with a carbon dioxide laser or a free electron laser; and forming boron nitride nanotubes by reacting the decomposition product of the boron-metal catalyst composite in the gas state with the nitrogen precursor.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam, comprising: (A) forming a solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture; and (B) pyrolyzing the solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture to thermally reduce humic acid into reduced humic acid sheets and thermally convert polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds the reduced humic acid sheets to form the integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam.

Abstract: Discrete, individualized carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. These new discrete carbon nanotubes are useful in plasticizers, which can then be used as an additive in compounding and formulation of elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermoset composite for improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.

Abstract: A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 ?m to 2 ?m, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber.

Abstract: The present invention relates primarily to methods of production of graphite from biomass, char or tar. The invention also provides novel apparatus and catalysts for the production of graphite from carbon-containing materials. In particular embodiments, the invention relates to the production of graphite by hydrothermal treatment of biomass to produce tar or hydrochar and graphitisation to produce graphite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a fibre-reinforced, transparent composite material (10), comprising the following steps: a) providing a material matrix melt and b) producing reinforcing fibres (14), step b) of the method comprising the steps of b1) providing a mixture having a silicon source and a carbon source, the silicon source and the carbon source being present together in particles of a granulated solid; b2) treating the mixture provided in step a) of the method at a temperature in a range from ?1400° C. to ?2000° C., more particularly in a range from ?1650° C. to ?1850° C.; thereby producing reinforcing fibres (14), the method comprising the further steps of c) introducing the reinforcing fibres (14) into the material melt; and d) optionally cooling the material melt to form a transparent composite material (10). A method of this kind allows a composite material to be produced that is able to unite high transparency with outstanding reinforcing qualities.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing, at low cost, a dense and porous silica glass precursor from which silica glass can be easily formed in a complex shape at low cost, and which can also be utilized in an absorbent or the like utilizing porousness thereof as another use.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for emulsion templating hollow silica-based particles. The particles are suitable for containing one or more active ingredients or for containing other smaller particles which may include one or more active ingredients. The emulsion templated particles can be formed from two or more silanes. The emulsion templated particles can also be formed from a silane and a compound that attaches a polymer on the shell of the hollow silica-based particles.

Abstract: A method for catalytic ammonia synthesis under concentrated solar energy and related catalysts. The method includes placing a catalyst in a reaction apparatus, feeding nitrogen and hydrogen into the reaction apparatus, and controlling a surface temperature of the catalyst to reach about 300° C. to 550° C. under irradiation of concentrated sunshine, to synthesize ammonia. The catalyst includes an amorphous and electron-rich black nano TiO2-z (0<z<2) with a disordered surface serves as a carrier material, and an elemental nano-crystal of Fe or Ru serves as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is loaded on the carrier material. Sunshine is used as the energy during ammonia synthesis reaction, and light in the whole wave band can be utilized sufficiently. Ammonia can be synthesized under solar energy with a high efficiency, and no fossil energy or electrical energy is needed. A synergetic catalytic effect of optical energy and thermal energy can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising heating a strontium-containing compound using radiation in a first reactor; decomposing the strontium-containing compound into an oxide and carbon dioxide as a result of heat generated by the exposure to the radiation; reacting the oxide and the carbon dioxide in a second reactor; where the oxide and carbon dioxide react to produce heat; heating a working fluid using the heat produced in the second reactor; and driving a turbine with the heated working fluid to generate energy. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising strontium carbonate; and strontium zirconate; where the mass ratio of strontium carbonate to strontium zirconate 2:8 to 8:2.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium titanate powder for an electrode of an energy storage device, wherein the lithium titanate powder includes Li4Ti5O12 as a main component and has a specific surface area of 5 to 50 m2/g, a total-fine pore volume of the lithium titanate powder is 0.03 to 0.5 ml/g and the lithium titanate powder includes a phosphorus atom in an amount of 0.03 to 1% by mass, an active material containing the lithium titanate powder, an electrode sheet containing the active material, and an energy storage device using the electrode sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a producing method that makes it possible to stably manufacture a homogeneous titania monolithic porous body by a sol-gel method using various titanium alkoxides as a titanium precursor.

Abstract: Provided is an aluminate fluorescent material having a composition represented by the formula X1aMgbMncAldOa+b+c+1.5d, in which X1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr; and Ca, a, b, c, and d satisfy 0.5?a?1.0, 0.0?b<0.4, 0.3?c?0.7, 8.5?d?13.0, and 9.0?b+c+d?14.0.

Abstract: Provided is a production method for refining iron oxide (hematite), which has such a low sulfur content as to be used as a raw material for ironmaking from a leach residue containing iron oxide, the leach residue being produced by a high pressure acid leach (HPAL) process and being a raw material that can be cheaply and stably procured. In the method of producing (high purity) hematite for ironmaking by a process of adding an oxidant and sulfuric acid to nickel oxide ore and then leaching nickel, a leach residue obtained after the leaching of nickel is heated to 600° C. or more, and preferably 800° C. or more and 1400° C. or less.

Abstract: A system for treating a wastewater stream produces an effluent having an acceptable level of turbidity. A PID controller is operatively coupled to at least one turbidity meter for monitoring turbidity of the effluent stream. A plurality of chemical treatment additive pumps are provided for adding a plurality of treatment chemicals to the wastewater stream in real time under supervision of the controller, and responsive to monitored turbidity.

Abstract: A filter device and method for making the device is disclosed. The filter device can include a chemical filtration disk in which QDs (QD) are deposited. In one example, cadmium sulfide (CdS) is combined with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) to form a CdS-TOPO QDs sorbent that is arranged on an ODS disk. The method of fabricating the device is presented, as well as its many benefits.

Abstract: A conventional media filter such as a gravity sand filter is converted into a membrane filter. The media is removed and replaced by immersed membrane modules. Transmembrane pressure is created by a static head pressure differential, without a suction pump, thereby creating a membrane gravity filter (MGF). Preferred operating parameters include transmembrane pressure of 5-20 kPa, 1-3 backwashes per day, and a flux of 10-20 L/m2/h. The membranes are dosed with chlorine or another oxidant, preferably at 700 minutes*mg/L as Cl2 equivalent per week or less. The small oxidant does is believed to provide a porous biofilm or fouling layer without substantially removing the layer. The media filter may be modified so that backwash wastewater is removed from near the bottom of the tank rather than through backwash troughs above the membrane modules. Membrane integrity testing may be done while the tank is emptied after a backwash.

Abstract: Microwave absorbing materials are provided herein. Disclosed microwave absorbing materials include those comprising metal oxide nanocrystals hybridized to a carbon nanomaterial. Methods for making and using microwave absorbing materials are also disclosed, such as for generation of reactive oxygen species and disinfection of water.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus (2), comprising a pumping device (3) configured to pump a liquid (4) to be treated into at least one treatment chamber (6) comprising treatment equipment (9) configured to perform UV-light treatment of the liquid (4) flowing through the at least one treatment chamber (6). The liquid treatment apparatus (2) comprises an air trap vessel (5) arranged upstream of said pumping device (3) and provided with an inlet connection (22) for receiving liquid (4) to be treated and a first outlet connection (24) for connection and liquid supply to said pumping device (3). The air trap vessel (5) is configured to prevent air bubbles from being sucked into the pumping device (3) and to be at least partly filled with a priming liquid (23) before the pumping device (3) is started and the liquid treatment is initiated, and that the first outlet connection (24) being arranged below surface level of the priming liquid.

Abstract: A field-adjustable separation device including a base and a sidewall cooperatively defining a separation compartment. The device includes an inlet conduit attached to a first portion of the sidewall and an outlet conduit having a first segment including a distal end of the outlet conduit removably attached to a second portion of the sidewall substantially opposite the first portion. The outlet conduit also has a second segment fluidly interposed between the first segment and the separation compartment. The second segment includes a sectioned portion defining a plurality of pre-determined locations spaced along the second segment. The first segment is in fluid communication with an exterior of the separation compartment. The second segment is configured for adjustment to define an outlet orifice according to the plurality of pre-determined locations to provide fluid communication between the first segment and the separation compartment.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus of the present disclosure includes an electrochemical cell provided with an inlet and an outlet, a power supply that supplies electric power to electrodes, a first water flow path connected with the inlet, a second water flow path connected with the outlet, a soft water supply unit that feeds soft water to the inlet, and a flow adjustor that regulates a flow rate of water passing through the second water flow path. The water treatment apparatus further includes a controller that controls electric power supplied from the power supply to the electrodes, the flow rate of water passing through the second water flow path by use of the flow adjustor, and soft water fed to the inlet by use of the soft water supply unit when a process for regenerating the electrochemical cell is executed. As a result, the apparatus can reduce the hardness and electric conductivity of water fed into the electrochemical cell during regeneration of an ion exchange membrane and restrain scale formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a capacitive deionization electrode module, a water treatment apparatus and method capable of saving energy using the same, and more particularly, to a capacitive deionization electrode module that is capable of improving durability, suppressing fouling, and increasing the amount of incoming water treated and to a water treatment apparatus and method that is capable of recovering and reusing energy generated while a saline adsorbed to the capacitive deionization electrode module is being desorbed through an energy recovery device, thereby saving the energy.

Abstract: Apparatus for purifying a liquid, which comprises a container housing multiple closed cells, each delimited by an anionic membrane and by a cationic membrane, and multiple open cells, susceptible of being traversed by a liquid to be treated and each interposed between two adjacent closed cells. The apparatus also comprises two electrodes which are supplied with supply voltages with reversed polarities in order to push the ionized particles of the liquid into the closed cells during an operating phase, and in order to bring the ionized particles back into the open cells during a regeneration phase. The apparatus also comprises a polymer substance having functional groups with non-zero electric charge, which is contained inside the closed cells in order to create chemical bonds with the ionized particles of the liquid that enter therein.

Abstract: A method of generating hydrogen water of pH 6 to 8 using at least one electrolyzer (2) is provided. The electrolyzer (2) includes a housing (20), a membrane (25) that partitions the inside of the housing (20), an anode chamber (21) and a cathode chamber (22) that are formed inside the housing by being partitioned by the membrane, an anode (23) that is provided to be in contact with a surface of the membrane at the anode chamber side or provided to be separated from the surface via a small space, and a cathode (24) that is provided to be in contact with a surface of the membrane at the cathode chamber side or provided to be separated from the surface of the membrane at the cathode chamber side via a small space.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a high aspect ratio column thickener and a process thereof useful for dewatering of iron ore tailings. The column thickener has been developed with multiple feed inlet points and an auxiliary inlet point for water to clear the jam of high concentration slurry, if required. The column also consists of a conical portion at the bottom. Magnetic field has been applied using induced magnetic coil just above the conical portion of column thickener. Iron ore tailings slurry is fed into the column thickener and particles are allowed to settle in axial direction with and without the application of magnetic field.

Abstract: A super-large scale photon capture bioreactor for water purification and aquaculture, includes a sealable three-dimensional room. Circuitous water ditches (2) at each layer inside the room. The water ditches (2) within a layer includes an inlet (12) and an outlet (13). A plurality of filter units (4) are at intervals in water ditches (2) at each layer. Float-planted plants (5) are on water surface of each filter unit, aquatic animals (6) and microorganisms (7) are underwater, and plant growth illustrating lights (8) are above float-planted plants (5) at adjustable height. A vane wheel (15) connecting a generator (16) is under an outlet (13) of an upper layer. A water inlet (12) of a next layer is under the vane wheel (15). Water to be purified is guided to an inlet (12) at an uppermost layer. The bioreactor is in low energy consumption, less occupied area, no pollution and clean production.

Abstract: An industrial waste water treatment system is provided. The industrial waste water treatment system includes: a buffer tank that temporarily receives and stores industrial estate waste water; a primary treatment unit that performs a primary treatment on effluent water from a buffer tank; an activated sludge treatment apparatus that is a secondary treatment unit that performs a secondary treatment using activated sludge on influent water that has been treated by the primary treatment unit; an organic matter concentration measurement unit that measures an organic matter concentration in the industrial estate waste water flowing into the buffer tank; and an activator dispensing unit that dispenses, into the secondary treatment unit, an activator that activates microorganisms included in the activated sludge of the activated sludge treatment apparatus.

Abstract: A water purifying and recovery system includes a first vessel defining an interior area and having an inlet for receiving water into the interior area to be purified and an outlet for draining the water from the interior area, the first vessel defining an open top in communication with the interior area. A first electrode assembly includes a first cap selectively situated in the open top of the first vessel, the first electrode assembly having a first electrode body operatively depending from the first cap and positioned in the interior area of the first vessel, the first electrode assembly being electrically connected to an electricity source and configured to energize the first electrode body. The first electrode assembly is configured to separate a predetermined first impurity from the water that is in the interior area of the first vessel when energized.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure can include a system for dispensing purified and sterilized fluid and/or solution. The delivery system can include a fluid reservoir, a sterilization and/or purification mechanism, a solution production mechanism, a dispensing mechanism, and a controller. The system can dispense the purified and sterilized fluid and/or solution on-demand.

Abstract: A glass housing includes an inner surface comprising a first flat portion and a first curved portion extending inward from a periphery of the first flat portion; an outer surface opposite to the inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second flat portion and a second curved portion extending inward from a periphery of the second flat portion; and a circumferential surface interconnecting the outer surface and the inner surface; wherein a distance between the inner surface and the outer surface ranges from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, the first and the second curved portions are arcuate surfaces having radii of curvature ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm.

Abstract: A method of selecting a radius of curvature for a conveying structure (22) of a continuous glass processing apparatus for processing a flexible glass ribbon (20) having a thickness of no more than about 0.3 mm is provided. The method includes identifying a thickness of the flexible glass ribbon (20). A predetermined bending stress level is selected that is suitable for the flexible glass ribbon (20) during the processing of the flexible glass ribbon. A radius (R) of curvature is selected for a conveying structure that is suitable for conveying the flexible glass ribbon (20) during the processing of the flexible glass ribbon through the glass processing apparatus based on the predetermined bending stress and at least one of web deflection angle and line tension. The glass processing apparatus is provided including the conveying structure.

Abstract: A glass housing includes an inner surface; an outer surface opposite to the inner surface; and a circumferential surface interconnecting the outer surface and the inner surface, wherein a distance between the inner surface and the outer surface ranges from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, each of the inner surface and the outer surface includes a planar portion and two curved portions extending outwardly from opposite edges of the planar portion toward a side of the inner surface, the curved portion is an arc surface having a radius of curvature ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm. The present disclosure further provides a manufacturing device and manufacturing method of manufacturing the glass housing.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a glass substrate with a hole having a diameter ?f, and with a thickness ?f includes setting a thickness ?1 of a glass plate that is to be processed; preparing a glass plate with the thickness ?1, having first and second surfaces opposite to each other; forming one initial characteristic object or two or more initial characteristic objects in the glass plate by irradiating the glass plate with a laser from a side of the first surface of the glass plate, the initial characteristic object having a size of a diameter ?1 on the first surface; and performing wet etching for the glass plate having the initial characteristic object, so that from the initial characteristic object a hole having the diameter ?f on the first surface is formed, and a thickness of the glass plate is adjusted from ?1 to a target value of ?f.

Abstract: A method for cutting a thin glass including the steps of guiding, by a transport device, the thin glass ribbon over a levitation support, and directing, within a range of the levitation support, a laser beam onto the thin glass ribbon, which heats up the thin glass ribbon at an impingement point of the laser beam. The method also includes the step of blowing, by a cooling jet generator, a cooling fluid onto the track heated by the laser beam so that a region heated by the laser beam is cooled down and a mechanical stress is created. The cooling fluid contains vapor of a liquid at a saturation ratio of at least 0.5 or a plurality of liquid droplets. The liquid droplets form a contact angle on a surface of the thin glass ribbon which is smaller than that of water on the same surface.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a heat-ray- and ultraviolet-absorbing glass plate having low solar transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance, having a high visible light transmittance, and containing a small amount of bubbles. The present invention relates to a heat-ray- and ultraviolet-absorbing glass plate that is a soda lime glass having a specific composition, having a mass proportion of divalent iron to the total iron being 50% or more, and having, as a value calculated as 4 mm thickness of the glass plate, a visible light transmittance Tv of 66% or more, a solar transmittance Te of 65% or less, a ratio Tv/Te of Tv and Te of 1.3 or more, and an ultraviolet transmittance Tuv of 50% or less.

Abstract: A near-infrared cut filter glass includes: P, Al, R (R represents any one or more of Li, Na, and K), R? (R? represents any one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn), and Cu, and not including F practically, wherein (Cu+ amount/total Cu amount)×100[%] is 0.01 to 7.0%. The filter glass may further include, by mol %, 0 to 10% B2O3. The filter glass may have a fracture toughness value of the near-infrared cut filter glass is 0.3 MPa·m1/2 or more. For the filter glass, a quotient obtained by dividing an absorption constant at a wavelength of 430 nm by an absorption constant at a wavelength of 800 nm, of the near-infrared cut filter glass, may be 0.00001 to 0.19.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved cordierite glass-ceramic. In order to improve the materials properties, it is proposed that the glass-ceramic comprising SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and Li2O contains cordierite as main crystal phase and that a secondary crystal phase of the glass-ceramic comprises high-quartz solid solution and/or keatite solid solution. The invention further relates to a process for producing such a glass-ceramic and the use of such a glass-ceramic.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid-based masking layer for a wet etching process, is disclosed. The method comprises forming a coated solid substrate by coating a solid substrate with a coating; forming a preliminary masking layer by removing parts of the coating which are not included in a pattern; depositing a porous surface on the preliminary mask to obtain a porous preliminary mask; forming a liquid-based masking layer by filling the pores of the porous preliminary mask with a filling liquid; and applying an etchant to a surface of the solid substrate and the liquid-based masking layer, etching parts of the substrate that are not covered with the liquid-based masking layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a UV-curable coating material comprising an organosilica compound such as POSS or octahedral oligomeric silsesquioxane which is functionalized with a UV-curable functional group. The material further comprises at least one UV-curable cross-linker. The coating material comprises surface structures in the nano-sized range and can be used in a nanoimprint coating process where the material is coated on a substrate such as glass and a mold is pressed against the material to form an imprint before curing by UV radiation.

Abstract: A glass bubble includes a hollow glass body having an outer surface with a diameter of between about 16 micrometers and about 25 micrometers and a surface roughness of about 0.01% to about 0.1% of that diameter. A low density sheet molding compound incorporating a plurality of glass bubbles and resin is also disclosed.