Abstract: A display device includes a display area and a seal area which surrounds the display area. The display device includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate facing the first display substrate; and a sealant disposed between the first display substrate and the second display substrate, in the seal area. The first display substrate has a first base substrate, a first polarizing element including a plurality of first linear patterns extending along a first direction on the first base substrate, and a first protective layer on the first polarizing element and including a first opening. The sealant covers the first opening. Adjacent first linear patterns are separated from each other along a second direction, intersecting the first direction, by a first gap and the first opening exposes at least one first gap in the seal area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) device and a method of manufacturing the LCD device, the LCD device including: a substrate including a display area and a non-display area; a blue light blocking filter on the substrate; a plurality of color pattern layers spaced apart from one another in a plan view; a black matrix among the plurality of color pattern layers in a plan view; a planarization layer on the color pattern layer and the black matrix; and a polarizer on the planarization layer. The color pattern layer includes: a red color conversion unit on the blue light blocking filter, the red color conversion unit converting a light into a light having a red wavelength; and a green color conversion unit on the blue light blocking filter, the green color conversion unit converting a light into a light having a green wavelength, and the red color conversion unit and the green color conversion unit include wavelength converting particles.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying images with wide color gamut is provided. A display device capable of displaying images with wide color gamut and capable of relaxing contrast made by narrow spectra is provided. The display device includes a liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. Light obtained from the liquid crystal element through a color filter has an NTSC area ratio of more than or equal to 20 percent and less than or equal to 60 percent and light emitted by the light-emitting element has a BT.2020 area ratio of more than or equal to 80 percent and less than or equal to 100 percent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of an exemplary embodiment includes: first and second gate line disposed on a substrate and extending in a first direction; first and second data line disposed on the substrate; a first transistor connected to the first gate line and the first data line; a second transistor connected to the second gate line and the second data line; a first pixel electrode overlapping the first transistor and the first gate line; a second pixel electrode overlapping the second transistor and the second gate line; a reflective layer disposed between the first gate line and the first data line, the second data line and the first pixel electrode and extending in the first direction, the first pixel electrode is disposed at a next row of the second pixel electrode in the second direction, and the first transistor is connected to the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate in which a plurality of pixel areas and a non-pixel area around the pixel areas are defined, a cavity-defining layer disposed on the first substrate and defining a plurality of cavities corresponding to the pixel areas, an insulating layer disposed on the cavity-defining layer and in the cavities, a liquid crystal layer disposed on the insulating layer in the cavities, and a second substrate disposed on the insulating layer to cover the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer has a same refractive index as the cavity-defining layer when the liquid crystal layer is not driven. The liquid crystal layer has a greater refractive index than the cavity-defining layer when the liquid crystal layer is driven.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device having a light-emitting side and a non-light-emitting side. The display device includes a light-emitting layer; and a quantum dot sealant layer on the light-emitting side of the display device. The quantum dot sealant layer includes red quantum dots for emitting red light.

Abstract: Provided are a vertical photo alignment method and a manufacture method of a liquid crystal display panel. In the vertical alignment method, the pixel region is designed to be a square, and the pixel region is divided into four sub regions of equal sizes, and the pattern units on the mask corresponding to the pixel regions comprises the photic region and the shading region. First, the mask is employed to implement UV light irradiation to one sub region according to the certain irradiation angle to obtain the alignment direction of the sub region, and then, the position of the mask and the irradiation direction of the linear UV light are maintained to be unchanged. By rotating the substrate, and linear UV light irradiation is implemented to the other three sub regions. Accordingly, the pixel region has four sub regions, of which the alignment directions are different from one another.

Abstract: A display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are disclosed. The display substrate includes a plurality of pixel regions, an alignment film for providing a pre-tilt angle for liquid crystal molecules being disposed in the plurality of pixel regions. In each of the pixel regions, a surface of the alignment film has a plurality of orientation grooves extending along at least two directions. The alignment film is made of a transparent material, and therefore, an aperture ratio of pixels will not be affected, and an influence on other structures of the display substrate either will not be generated.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for operating thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a touch screen having a display region of a first ratio, and a processor operatively coupled with the touch screen, and configured to perform a set function in response to a preset first touch input that occurs on another region, where content is not displayed, of the display region in a state where the content of a second ratio is displayed on a partial region of the display region.

Abstract: A pixel structure is disclosed. The pixel structure includes first transparent conductive films that are arranged on color-resists of a color filter substrate, and second transparent conductive films that are arranged on sub pixel regions of an array substrate and correspond to the first transparent conductive films. The first transparent conductive films are connected with one another. An area of an orthographic projection of each first transparent conductive film on a corresponding second transparent conductive film is equal to an area of the second transparent conductive film. According to the present disclosure, the pixel structure has a higher light transmittance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes: first and second substrates arranged to be opposite each other at a predetermined gap; a liquid crystal layer filled between the first and second substrates; alignment films; a counter electrode pattern formed on the first substrate; and a pixel electrode pattern formed on the first substrate so as to have a plurality of electrode branches, wherein the extension direction of at least one of slits formed at both ends from among slits formed between the plurality of electrode branches crosses the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer at an angle of 7° or larger.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an array substrate, and the array substrate comprises a substrate, a plurality of data lines and a plurality of scan lines; the substrate comprises a display region and a peripheral circuit region located at peripheral sides of the display region, and each data line comprises a data line outer section and a data line inner section, and each scan line comprises a scan line outer section and a scan line inner section; the peripheral circuit region further comprises a short connection line, an enable signal line, a plurality of first thin film transistors, a plurality of second thin film transistors, a plurality of first electrostatic discharge protection circuits, a plurality of second electrostatic discharge protection circuits, a plurality of third electrostatic discharge protection circuits and a plurality of fourth electrostatic discharge protection circuits.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a COA substrate includes a substrate, and a gate, a gate dielectric layer, an active layer, a source, a drain, a first passivation layer, a color blocking layer, a second passivation layer, and a transparent conductive layer are formed on the substrate in order subsequently. A first hole is formed in the color blocking layer to expose the first passivation layer. The second passivation layer is disposed on the color blocking layer and in the first hole. A second hole is formed in the first hole to punch through the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer for exposing the drain and the source. A conductive fill-in material layer is formed in the first hole and the second hole. The aperture rate is increased and the bubble failure is improved and the pixel electrode disconnection due to the height gap is reduced in the present disclosure.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element, including: a pair of electrodes; and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and containing a plurality of kinds of organic electrochromic compounds, in which: at least one kind of the plurality of kinds of organic electrochromic compounds includes an organic electrochromic compound having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 700 nm or more during coloring thereof; and when an optical density in a decolored state thereof is defined as 0, a fluctuation ratio of a transmittance in a wavelength region of from 650 nm or more to 700 nm or less with respect to a central transmittance is within ±15% at an optical density of 0.3.

Abstract: A switchable hydride smart window solid thin film coating having variable opacity and the methods for producing the same is described. The coating includes the following layers deposited on substrate such as glass: a switchable layer, an optional barrier layer, a catalyst layer, an optional barrier layer, a solid electrode, an ion storage layer, an optional insulating layer and a transparent conductor layer. The switchable layer is preferably formed of a magnesium alloy and ore preferable, a ternary alloy of magnesium along with two additional rare earth metals such as yttrium (Y) and Titanium (Ti), i.e., MgYTi.

Abstract: A lens structure includes a transparent cell containing a liquid crystal material. The cell is thicker in a center region thereof than at peripheral regions. The structure further includes transparent electrically conductive electrodes coupled with opposing top and bottom surfaces of the cell and configured to establish an electric field through the cell that is strongest at the peripheral regions where the cell is thinner relative to the center region so that a value of the index of refraction of the liquid crystal material changes across the cell from the center region towards the peripheral regions to change an effective focal length of the lens structure. In some embodiments the top surface of the cell has a first curvature C1 and the bottom surface of the cell has a second curvature C2 that differs from the first curvature.

Abstract: An optical phased array (OPA) may be included in a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system and may be configured to perform beam steering. The OPA may include a cascading structure of splitters configured to enable a branch operation to be performed M times. Each splitter may split an input optical signal in a ratio of 1:1 and output the split input optical signal. The OPA may include a plurality of sets of first phase shifters (PSs), each set of first PSs located exclusively on one output end of a separate splitter, each set of first PSs including a particular quantity of first PSs based on a branch position at which the separate splitter is located. The OPA may be included in a LiDAR system that is further included in a vehicle that is configured to enable navigation of the vehicle, including autonomous navigation, through an environment.

Abstract: A scanning optical device suitable for use as a camera or solar concentrator.

Abstract: In an optical circuit using a Mach-Zehnder-type element, it is difficult to obtain an optical circuit which has a less wavelength dependence and is suitable for achieving high integration. Accordingly, an optical circuit according to the present invention includes: a first Mach-Zehnder-type element including a first branch waveguide, a first branching/combining unit connected to one end of the first branch waveguide, and a second branching/combining unit connected to another end of the first branch waveguide and having a branch configuration different from that of the first branching/combining unit; and a second Mach-Zehnder-type element including a second branch waveguide, a third branching/combining unit connected to one end of the second branch waveguide, and a fourth branching/combining unit connected to another end of the second branch waveguide and having a branch configuration different from that of the third branching/combining unit.

Abstract: A tilt module subassembly comprising a cage essentially made of elastic material and shape memory alloy wires. An optical positioning system for microstructures using the tilt module subassembly is also described. The optical positioning system for microstructures is an optical image stabilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an iris device (1) for optical imaging systems (71), comprising an aperture arrangement (5) and to a medical imaging system (72) comprising a sensor (15), in particular a camera (15a). Conventional iris devices (1) known from the art unavoidably suffer a necessary trade-off between the depth of field and the amount of light transmitted through the optical system (71), i.e. in particular the amount of light incident on the sensor (15). This disadvantage results from the fact that iris devices (Wo one) of the art transmit or reject light in the same way for all wavelengths (43), i.e. show a spectrally flat transmission property.

Abstract: An ocular lens consists of a positive first lens group, a positive or negative second lens group, and a positive third lens group, in order from an observation object side. The first lens group consists of a positive meniscus lens with a convex surface toward an eye-point side. The second lens group includes a negative lens and a positive lens, and the number of lenses constituting the second lens group is three or less. The third lens group consists of a positive meniscus lens with a convex surface toward the eye-point side. The following conditional expression relating to a focal length of the whole system and a distance on an optical axis from a lens surface closest to the observation object side to a lens surface closest to the eye-point side is satisfied: 0.8<f/TL<1.1.

Abstract: Flash tubes for photographic use, in particular a flash tube is adapted to provide a light output adapted to FP-sync, Flat Peak. The flash tube includes a length of glass tubing enclosing a gas for use in the flash tube, a cathode inside a first end part of glass tubing and an anode inside a second end part of glass tubing. The cathode includes an element that helps to ionize the gas that is wound around the cathode, such that a spark stream starts from the upper part of the cathode and is prevented from spreading down wards on the cathode and changing the arc length during the light output adapted to FP-sync.

Abstract: The imaging apparatus comprises a retractable structure with active and inactive positions. In the inactive position the lens group resides in proximity to an image sensor, and in the active position the lens group resides at a predetermined distance from the image sensor. The lens group is moved between active and inactive positions by at least one actuator. The imaging apparatus also includes a field flattening lens with a concave shape on the side opposite to the image sensor and facing the moving lens group.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion element includes a base material and a phosphor layer that contains a phosphor emitting fluorescence upon incidence of excitation light and is provided on the base material, in which the phosphor layer includes a first surface on which excitation light (blue light) is incident and a second surface facing the base material, and a plurality of regions with different absorption coefficients of the excitation light between the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: A mask blank is provided, which makes it possible to form a fine transfer pattern in a light-semitransmissive film with high accuracy even if the light-semitransmissive film is made of a material containing silicon and a light shielding film is made of a material containing chromium. The mask blank 100 has a structure in which the light-semitransmissive film 2, etching mask film 3, and light shielding film 4 are laminated in this order on the transparent substrate 1. It is featured in that the light-semitransmissive film 2 is made of the material containing silicon, the etching mask film 3 is made of the material containing chromium, the light shielding film 4 is made of a material containing chromium and oxygen, and a ratio of the etching rate of the light shielding film 4 to the etching rate of the etching mask film 3 in the dry etching with an oxygen-containing chlorine-based gas is not less than 3 and not more than 12.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods, program products, and systems for adjusting an integrated circuit (IC) layout for optical proximity correction (OPC). Methods according to the disclosure can include: defining a target region of the IC design layout, the target region having a plurality of patterns including a first pattern positioned adjacent to a second pattern, wherein an OPC modeling rule of the IC design layout prohibits the first pattern from being adjusted, and wherein the second pattern does not reduce a printability metric of the first pattern; adjusting the design of the second pattern to reduce at least one printing error in the first pattern, wherein a functionality of the second pattern in the IC design layout is unchanged after the adjusting; and implementing OPC on the IC design layout including the target region with the adjusted second pattern therein.

Abstract: A repatternable nanoimprint lithography stamp includes a magnetic substrate and magnetic core nanoparticles. The magnetic substrate includes a magnet and a magnetic mask, and the magnetic core nanoparticles are arranged in a pattern on a surface of the magnetic substrate. The pattern is defined by selective application of a magnetic field to the magnetic substrate using the magnet and the magnetic mask.

Abstract: New onium salt compounds and methods for synthesis of such compounds are provided. Preferred methods of the invention include (a) providing an onium salt compound comprising a sulfonate component having an electron withdrawing group; and (b) treating the onium salt compound with a halide salt to form a distinct salt of the onium compound. The present onium compounds are useful as an acid generator component of a photoresist composition.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition contains (a) a polyimide which has, at a terminal of the main chain, at least one group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group and a thiol group, (b) a monomer, (c) a thermally crosslinkable compound, (d) a photopolymerization initiator and (e) a polymerization inhibitor, wherein the polymerization inhibitor (e) is a compound obtained by adding at least one hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group or aralkyloxy group to a naphthalene skeleton or an anthracene skeleton of a compound having a naphthalene skeleton or an anthracene skeleton.

Abstract: The present invention provides a material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, including a cyanic acid ester compound obtained by cyanation of a modified naphthalene formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A substrate on which exposure processing has not been performed is carried into a placement cooling unit and cooled. The cooled substrate is held and carried out from the placement cooling unit by a transport device. In the case where an exposure device is able to receive the substrate, the substrate that has been carried out from the placement cooling unit is transported to the exposure device by the transport device. In the case where the exposure device is unable to receive the substrate, the substrate that has been carried out from the platform cooling unit is carried into a cooling buffer unit by the transport device. In the cooling buffer unit, a temperature of the substrate is maintained. After the exposure device becomes able to receive the substrate, the substrate is carried out from the cooling buffer unit and transported to the exposure device by the transport device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate treating method including a solvent supplying step of supplying a solvent to a center part of a substrate while increasing a rotation speed of the substrate. In the solvent supplying step, the solvent is successively supplied to the substrate until the solvent reaches a periphery edge of the substrate. With such a substrate treating method, the solvent is able to cover a substrate surface entirely with effective suppression of particles. In other words, a process of supplying the solvent to the substrate is performable with effectively improved quality.

Abstract: An exposure method, a substrate and an exposure apparatus are disclosed. In one embodiment, an exposure method includes: forming a mask combination from at least two masks; and exposing, by using the mask combination, a film layer to be exposed on a base substrate, until a complete exposed pattern is formed on the film layer to be exposed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing line edge/width roughness in lines formed by photolithography are provided. The random diffusion of acid generated by a photoacid generator during a lithography process contributes to line edge/width roughness. Methods disclosed herein apply an electric field, a magnetic field, and/or a standing wave during photolithography processes. The field and/or standing wave application controls the diffusion of the acids generated by the photoacid generator along the line and spacing direction, preventing the line edge/width roughness that results from random diffusion. Apparatuses for carrying out the aforementioned methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A liquid immersion member is used in a liquid immersion exposure apparatus which exposes a substrate by exposure light via a first liquid between an emitting surface of an optical member and the substrate, and is capable of forming a liquid immersion space on an object movable below the optical member. The liquid immersion member includes a first member that is disposed at at least a portion of surrounding of the optical member; a second member that is capable of being opposite to the object and is movable outside an optical path of the exposure light; and a protection part that protects the optical member. The protection part decreases a change in pressure which the optical member receives from the liquid in the liquid immersion space.

Abstract: An immersion projection optical system having, for example, a catadioptric and off-axis structure, reduces the portion of an image space filled with liquid (immersion 5 liquid), The projection optical system, which projects a reduced image of a first plane onto a second plane through the liquid, includes a refractive optical element (Lp) arranged nearest to the second plane. The refractive optical element includes a light emitting surface (Lpb) shaped to be substantially symmetric with respect to two axial directions (XY axes) perpendicular to each other on the second plane. The light emitting surface has a central axis (Lpba) that substantially coincides with a central axis of a circle corresponding to a circumference of a light entering surface (Lpa) of the refractive optical element. The central axis of the light emitting surface is decentered in one of the two axial directions (Y˜axis) from an optical axis (AX).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a liquid immersion member including a first member and a second member and configured to form a liquid immersion space of the liquid, a driving apparatus configured to move the second member with respect to the first member; and a controller configured to control the driving apparatus. The controller controls the driving apparatus so that a first operation of the second member in a first movement period of the substrate between exposure termination of a first shot region and exposure start of a second shot region is different from a second operation of the second member in a second movement period of the substrate between exposure termination of a third shot region and exposure start of a fourth shot region, the first and second shot regions being included in the same row, the third and fourth shot regions being arranged in different rows.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer-type photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, an electron transporting material, and two hole transporting materials having different redox potentials. The two hole transporting materials are a hole transporting material A and a hole transporting material B that has a redox potential lower than that of the hole transporting material A. The ratio A/B of a weight of the hole transporting material A to a weight of the hole transporting material B is about 12/1 or more and about 36/1 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base, and a single-layer photosensitive layer disposed directly on the conductive base and containing a charge generation material. A difference between a work function of the conductive base and an electron affinity of the charge generation material is in a range of from about ?0.1 to about +0.1 eV. A difference between a current Ia and a current Ib is in a range of from about 5.5×10?8 to about 9.2×10?8 [A/cm2] when a gold electrode is provided on the photosensitive layer, where the current Ia is a current when an electric field is applied by applying a voltage so that the gold electrode becomes positive, and the current Ib is a current when an electric field is applied by applying a voltage so that the conductive base becomes positive.

Abstract: A toner production method including: a melt-kneading step of melt-kneading a resin composition including a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, and a wax dispersant to obtain a melt-kneaded product; and a pulverizing step of pulverizing the melt-kneaded product. Where the temperature of the melt-kneaded product at the end of the melt-kneading step is Tk(° C.), and the softening point of the wax dispersant is Tm(° C.), the relationship of ?18?[Tk?Tm]?10 is satisfied. The wax dispersant is a polymer in which a styrene acrylic polymer is graft-polymerized to a polyolefin. The styrene acrylic polymer has a monomer unit derived from ?-methylstyrene and a monomer unit derived from a cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the toner has a difference of 30 or less between a maximum value and a minimum value among peak intensities in a range of Molecular weight M±300 where Molecular weight M is a molecular weight selected from a range of from 300 through 5,000 in a molecular weight distribution of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble components in the toner as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and wherein the peak intensities are defined as relative values assuming a maximum peak value in molecular weights of 20,000 or less is 100, in a molecular weight distribution curve taking an intensity as a vertical axis and a molecular weight as a horizontal axis as measured by GPC.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles each including a toner core and a shell layer disposed over a surface of the toner core. The shell layer includes a plurality of first domains (R1) and a second domain (R2) that is present at least among the first domains (R1). The first domains (R1) are each substantially formed from a first thermoplastic resin. The second domain (R2) is substantially formed from a second thermoplastic resin. The second thermoplastic resin is more hydrophobic than the first thermoplastic resin. The first thermoplastic resin includes at least one specific repeating unit having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and an amide group. A proportion of the at least one repeating unit among all repeating units included in the first thermoplastic resin is at least 0.5 mol % and no greater than 50 mol %.

Abstract: A carrier core material is represented by a composition formula MxFe3-xO4 (where M is Mn and/or Mg, and X is a total of Mn and Mg and is a substitution number of Fe by Mn and Mg, 0<X?1), in which 5 to 20 number percent of bound particles where 2 to 5 spherical particles are bound together are contained and in which the maximum peak-to-trough depth Rz of the surface of normal spherical particles other than the bound particles is equal to or more than 1.5 ?m but equal to or less than 2.1 ?m. In this way, it is possible to increase the amount of toner supplied to a development region, and the surface of a photosensitive member is prevented from being scratched by a magnetic brush.

Abstract: A developing cartridge is provided. The developing cartridge includes a housing which accommodates developer therein, a receiving member provided which couples with a force output member of an image forming apparatus to receive a driving force, a developing roller which rotates by the driving force received by the receiving member; a detectable rotary member having a first detectable portion and a second detectable portion and rotates by the driving force from a first rotational position where the first detectable portion is detected by a detection member provided in the image forming apparatus to a second rotational position where the second detectable portion is detected by the detection member, and a cut-off mechanism which cuts off a transmission of the driving force from the receiving member to the detectable rotary member in a state where the detectable rotary member is positioned in the second rational position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developer storage container including a container body and a shutter. The container body has a developer discharge port and is capable of being changed in posture. The shutter is configured to sealingly close or open the developer discharge port, and includes a shutter body, a swingable member and a shaft displacement restriction portion. The shutter body has a sealing surface for sealingly closing the developer discharge port, and a pair of bearing portions. The swingable member has a pair of shaft portions each pivotally supported by a respective one of the pair of bearing portions. The swingable member is swingable between a restriction position where it restricts a sliding movement of the shutter, and a permission position where it permits the sliding movement of the shutter. The shaft displacement restriction portion is configured to restrict an axial movement of the pair of shaft portions.

Abstract: A developer storage container (30) includes: a container body (31); a lid (32); a stirring member (34); and an input gear (36). The container body includes: a bottom portion (310); an opening (31 P) extending in a longitudinal direction thereof; a first sidewall (31R) and a second sidewall (31L); and a storage space (30S) for storing developer therein. The second sidewall includes a bearing portion (312) disposed to face the storage space. The first sidewall includes: a shaft hole (313S) communicating between an outside of the container body and the storage space; and a support portion (313T) supporting a distal end of a coupling (342) of the stirring member from therebelow to prevent the stirring member from falling onto the bottom portion, in a state in which a distal pivot portion (341) of the stirring member is inserted into the bearing portion, and the coupling is disposed facing the shaft hole.

Abstract: A method of remanufacturing an imaging cartridge comprising a toner hopper having a toner bag and not having a seal port, the method comprising forming a seal port in the toner hopper; disposing a replacement toner container in the toner hopper, the replacement toner container including a removable seal having a seal tail; and inserting a portion of the seal tail through the seal port. A method of remanufacturing an imaging cartridge comprising a toner hopper having a toner bag and not having a seal port, the method comprising providing a replacement toner hopper having a seal port; removing the toner hopper not having the seal port from the imaging cartridge; and attaching the replacement toner hopper having a seal port to the imaging cartridge.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image forming apparatus performs an image forming process to form an image on a sheet, and performs an image erasing process to erase an image formed on a sheet. A conveying device conveys the sheet. A heater heats the sheet conveyed by the conveying device. A cooling device cools the heater. A processor controls the cooling device so that the cooling device cools the heater between an interval of heating the sheet by the heater.