Abstract: A pneumatic device for transporting a substrate during a manufacturing operation is described. The pneumatic device can include multiple suction assemblies for securely coupling the substrate to the pneumatic device. The vertical position of the suction assemblies can be varied so that when vacuum is applied through the suction assemblies to the substrate, the substrate is in a bent configuration when secured to the pneumatic device. When the pneumatic device is used to lift the substrate off a stack of other substrates, the bending of the substrate reduces the surface area contact and likelihood of inadvertently removing additional substrates from the stack of substrates.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention includes: a sheet storage unit configured to store sheets; an air blowing unit configured to blow air; a duct configured as a flow passage to an air blowing outlet for blowing air sent from the air blowing unit toward the front end of an upper part of a sheet bundle stored in the sheet storage unit; a suction transport unit configured to suck a sheet floating from the sheet bundle upward and transport the sheet; a shutter member configured to block the flow passage in the duct; and an openable/closeable member configured to open an opening part of the duct, such that air staying in the duct by blocking the flow passage by the shutter member is discharged from the opening part.

Abstract: In one example, a torque control system for a sheet media pick mechanism to move a top sheet of media from a stack of media sheets into a nip between a pick roller and a separator roller. The torque control system includes a sensor to sense a number of consecutive pick failures and a controller operatively connected to the sensor to reduce a torque applied to the separator roller during a pick attempt after each pick failure in an amount corresponding to the number of consecutive pick failures sensed by the sensor.

Abstract: A rolled paper dispenser having a first arm having a cavity; a second, spaced apart, arm that includes one of an extension and a notch; and an elongated paper holder extending between a first end, which is coupled to the first arm, and a second end, which has the other of the extension and the notch to couple to the second arm in a closed position and to decouple from the second arm in an open position, the paper holder comprising a tubular member and a fastener, the tubular member having an outer surface, which is configured to receive a rolled paper product, and an inner surface, which defines a longitudinal bore in which the fastener is disposed, the fastener extending beyond the tubular member at the first end to engage the cavity to couple the paper holder to the first arm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transport device (10) for a beginning or an end of a web, comprising at least one driver (27) for a beginning or an end of a web (1). The transport device (10) is largely guided on a horizontal plane from a front region to a rear region of a system. The transport device (10) is to be improved such that smaller quantities of impregnated decorative paper can be produced with little complexity and minimum waste. For this purpose, the driver (27) comprises a plate-shaped magnet (22) which is guided below the web (1) during the operation of the transport device (10), extends over at least the width of the web (1), and interacts with a magnetizable sheet-metal plate (23) during the operation of the transport device (10), said sheet-metal plate being movable above the web (1) from a rest position into a holding position.

Abstract: A sheet handling apparatus for a printing system includes a rotary drum having an inner chamber circumferentially surrounded by an outer peripheral wall with perforations formed therein. By means of sucking an air flow through the perforations of the drum to a suction system, sheets are attracted to the peripheral wall of the drum. A stationary shutter member is positioned inside the inner chamber for blocking the flow of air through the perforations when they pass, with the rotation of the drum, through a first predetermined angular range. The shutter member includes protrusions while the rotary drum includes recesses for receiving the protrusions, such that a meandering air flow passage is formed between the shutter member and the rotary drum. As such, friction between the rotary drum and the stationary shutter member is reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption of the suction system.

Abstract: A header cover encloses an end of an unwoven material cylinder to protect the unwoven material from damage or debris during storage or transportation. Unwoven material cylinders are commonly used to produce products such as clean suits, baby diapers, absorbent material, etc. The header cover includes a cover disc, a plurality of lateral-interfacing flaps, and a tethering ring. The cover disc and the plurality of lateral interfacing flaps encapsulate an end of the unwoven material cylinder. The plurality of lateral-interfacing flaps is perimetrically and foldably connected to the cover disc to allow the header cover to fold over an edge of the unwoven material cylinder. The tethering ring is adjacently connected to each lateral-interfacing flap of the plurality of lateral-interfacing flaps, such that as one lateral-interfacing flap is folded, every lateral interfacing flap is folded in the same direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing rolled material including a frame, a first roller mounting structure positioned on a first leg of the frame, and a second roller mounting structure positioned on a second leg of the frame.

Abstract: A wire-shaped body winding mechanism provided by the present invention includes multiple rotary shafts for winding a wire-shaped body, where a main shaft member serves as a revolution central shaft and two split shaft members serve as rotation central shafts. The wire-shaped body is wound on the split shaft members and thus can be coiled or released with rotation of the main shaft member. Relative movement between the split shaft members and the wire-shaped body is realized through rotation of the split shaft members, and thus the wire-shaped body can move smoothly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a motion platform having a wire-shaped body winding mechanism, where the wire-shaped body winding mechanism is combined on one side of the motion platform to wind related pipelines, which prevents problems in operating security caused by dropping of overlong pipelines, makes the peripheral environment of the motion platform neat, and causes no vibration or noise pollution.

Abstract: Elevator door lock safety devices including a base, a first expanding extension member extending from the base, the first expanding extension member having a first exterior surface and a first interior surface, a second expanding extension member extending from the base and opposing the first expanding extension member, the second expanding extension member having a second exterior surface and a second interior surface, wherein a separation distance is defined between the first and second interior surfaces, an actuator aperture formed within the first expanding extension member and extending through the first expanding extension member from the first exterior surface to the first interior surface, and an actuation device passing through the actuator aperture, wherein actuation of the actuation device actuates the elevator door lock safety device from a first state to a second state, wherein the separation distance is greater in the second state than in the first state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elevator comprising a hoistway, a vertically movable elevator car, a vertically movable counterweight at least one first rope interconnecting the car and counterweight and passing around one or more rope wheels mounted in proximity of the upper end of the hoistway, the weight of the elevator car being arranged to exert an upwards directed pull on the counterweight via said first rope, and the weight of the counterweight being arranged to exert an upwards directed pull on the elevator car via said first rope. The elevator further comprises a motor-driven winding device connected at least with the car or the counterweight for exerting a vertically directed pull on said only one of the car and counterweight for thereby changing the balance between the car and counterweight.

Abstract: A boom attach/detach device includes a boom, an extensible cylinder, and a boom supporting device. At least a part of the boom supporting device is arranged more to a boom front end side than an upper slewing body. When the extensible cylinder conducts extension and contraction operation in a state where coupling between the upper slewing body and the boom by a boom foot pin is cut off, the boom supporting device supports the boom to enable a rear end portion of the boom to move in a boom axis direction. The boom can be attached or detached with ease without a need to use a separate power device from a crane to suppress increases in size, in mass, and in cost of an upper slewing body.

Abstract: A method for assembling a crane that comprises erecting an upright ballast mast with a back mast top slide that is movable along the ballast mast and constructing a back mast using the upright ballast mast. This comprises the steps of providing a back mast upper section, multiple back mast intermediate sections, and a back mast lower section. The method also comprises connecting a part of the back mast including at least the back mast upper section, and possibly further including one or more pre-connected intermediate sections, to the back mast top slide. The part of the back mast that has been connected to the back mast top slide is stepwise extended by attaching further back mast intermediate sections and the back mast lower section. During the extension of the back mast the back mast top slide is stepwise raised along the upright ballast mast.

Abstract: The crane includes a swing brake device installed between a hydraulic motor and a control valve and having a flow restrictor; a first backpressure detector detecting a motor backpressure between the flow restrictor and one of ports of the hydraulic motor; a second backpressure detector detecting a motor backpressure between the flow restrictor and the other port of the hydraulic motor; and a control device. The control device has an external-force direction estimation unit that estimates a swing direction of an upperstructure under an external force acting on the upperstructure on the basis of a motor backpressure detected by the first backpuressure detector and a motor backpressure detected by the second backpressure during an operating state of the swing brake device. The control device has a notification control unit that causes the notification device to provide notification of the estimated swing direction of the upperstructure.

Abstract: A rotary crane including a vertical axis; an jib that extends from the vertical axis; a drive for rotating the jib about the vertical axis; a condition monitoring which determines wind loading, namely internal force variables, tensions, strains, transverse forces, tilting and torsion torques of the rotary crane; and a computing unit which computes a preferred direction for locking the jib from the wind loading. The invention also relates to a method for orienting the rotary crane. In order to improve the orientation of the jib of a shut down rotary crane it is proposed that the rotary crane includes measuring elements for capturing local measuring local values of the wind loading.

Abstract: A rolling vehicle jack for elevating a vehicle includes a base. A spring is coupled to a top of the base and is positioned in an internal space of the base. A sphere is rollably coupled to the spring and selectively extensible through a penetration that is positioned through a bottom of the base. A lift is coupled to and selectively extensible from the top of the base. An actuator, positioned in the internal space, is coupled to the base and operationally coupled to the lift. The sphere is configured to roll on a surface such that the base is reversibly positionable under a vehicle. The actuator is positioned to motivate the lift to extend vertically from the base, wherein the sphere is retracted into the base. A vehicle that is positioned above the lift is raised and is positioned for maintenance, such as changing of tires, wheels and tracks.

Abstract: A pallet truck has a brake release mechanism. The pallet truck has a break release mechanism operably coupled to a brake for stopping rotation of a drive wheel. The brake release mechanism includes a brake release sensor and a profile feature that is detectable by the brake release sensor. The profile feature is fixedly coupled to a pivot shaft of a tiller arm of a tiller, and configured to rotate with the pivot shaft as the tiller arm is pivoted. The brake release sensor is positioned adjacent to the pivot shaft and configured to output a signal that causes the brake to release when the profile feature is detected.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser includes: an accommodating portion to accommodate a stock solution container configured to provide an ejecting portion that protrudes from a bag-shaped containing portion containing a concentrated stock solution which is ejected from an ejection port of the ejecting portion as the containing portion deforms based on an external force; and a stock solution ejection mechanism to control ejection and stoppage of the concentrated stock solution from the stock solution container. The stock solution ejection mechanism includes: a first valve body opening/closing mechanism to open and close a first valve body arranged in a flow path from the containing portion to the ejecting portion; a second valve body opening/closing mechanism to open and close a second valve body arranged in a flow path from the ejecting portion to the ejection port; and a control mechanism for individually controlling the first and second valve body opening/closing mechanisms.

Abstract: A fluid level manager may regulate the introduction of a fluid into an environment. The fluid level may include a main housing with at least one entrance hole and at least one exit hole. A pipe may be connected to the first, entrance hole for introducing the fluid into the main housing. Fluid may exit from the main housing into the environment through the exit hole, for instance by gravity. A valve may be provided in the in the main housing in order to automatically shut off the introduction of water into the main housing as fluid accumulates in the housing. One of many embodiments of the environment could be soil, and in this embodiment the housing may be buried in the soil and fluid, which may be water, can be regulated based on soil saturation.

Abstract: A cantilever section as a substrate for a sensor includes: a base section; a movable section connected to the base section; an arm portion as a support portion extending along the movable section from the base section when viewed in a planar view as viewed from a thickness direction of the movable section; and a gap portion formed to have a predetermined gap between the movable section and the arm portion when viewed in the planar view, in which a ridge portion formed as an etching residue having a top portion on the side facing the gap portion is provided on each of facing surfaces of the movable section and the arm portion in the gap portion, and the predetermined gap is a gap between a top portion of a first ridge portion which is the ridge portion formed at one of the movable section and the arm portion, and a top portion of a second ridge portion which is the ridge portion formed at the other of the movable section and the arm portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes a cavity disposed in a substrate and enclosed by a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The semiconductor structure also includes a first electrode pair having a first electrode on the first surface and a second electrode on the second surface. The first electrode pair is configured to measure a first spacing between the first surface and the second surface. The semiconductor structure further includes a second electrode pair having a third electrode on the first surface and a fourth electrode on the second surface. The second electrode pair is configured to measure a second spacing between the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: Provided is a self-processing synthesis of hybrid nanostructures, novel nanostructures and uses thereof in the construction of electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method using a block copolymer containing a hydrophilic polymer and a hydrophobic polymer includes a polymer separating step, wherein a ratio of a molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer in the block copolymer is adjusted to 20% to 40% so that the hydrophilic polymers align at positions corresponding to a hexagonal close-packed structure in a plan view after the polymer separating step, and at the polymer separating step, a columnar first hydrophilic polymer is phase-separated on each of circular patterns of hydrophobic coating films and a columnar second hydrophilic polymer is phase-separated between the first hydrophilic polymers, and a diameter of the circular pattern is set so that the first hydrophilic polymers and the second hydrophilic polymers align at positions corresponding to the hexagonal close-packed structure in a plan view.

Abstract: Material structures and methods for etching hexagonal, single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) materials are provided, which include selection of on-axis or near on-axis hexagonal single-crystal SiC material as the material to be etched. The methods include etching of SiC bulk substrate material, etching of SiC material layers bonded to a silicon oxide layer, etching of suspended SiC material layers, and etching of a SiC material layer anodically bonded to a glass layer. Plasma-etched hexagonal single-crystal SiC materials of the invention may be used to form structures that include, but are not limited to, microelectromechanical beams, microelectromechanical membranes, microelectromechanical cantilevers, microelectromechanical bridges, and microelectromechanical field effect transistor devices.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a micromechanical device including an inclined optical window and a corresponding micromechanical device. The method includes: providing a first substrate having front and back sides and a recess; applying a second substrate on the front side, the second substrate being thermally deformable and having a first through hole above the recess which has a smaller lateral extension than the recess; forming a flap area on the second substrate above/below the first through hole which is situated in a first position with respect to the first substrate; thermally deforming the second substrate, the flap area being moved into a second position within the recess which is inclined with respect to the first position and optionally subsided into the recess; removing the flap area from the second substrate; and attaching the optical window on the second substrate above/below the first through hole in the second inclined position.

Abstract: A method for forming a microelectromechanical device is shown. The method comprises forming a cavity in a semiconductor substrate material, wherein the semiconductor substrate material comprises an opening for providing access to the cavity through a main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material. In a further step, the method comprises forming a support structure having a support structure material different from the semiconductor substrate material to close the opening at least partially by mechanically connecting the main surface area of the semiconductor substrate material with the bottom of the cavity. Furthermore, the method comprises a step of forming a lamella structure in the main surface area above the cavity such that the lamella structure is held spaced apart from the bottom of the cavity by the support structure.

Abstract: An approach includes a method of fabricating a switch. The approach includes forming a first cantilevered electrode over a first electrode, forming a second cantilevered electrode over a second electrode and operable to directly contact the first cantilevered electrode upon an application of a voltage to at least one of the first electrode and a second electrode, and the first cantilevered electrode includes an arm with an extending protrusion which extends upward from an upper surface of the arm.

Abstract: To form graphene to a practically even thickness on an object having an uneven surface or a complex surface, in particular, an object having a surface with a three-dimensional structure due to complex unevenness, or an object having a curved surface. The object and an electrode are immersed in a graphene oxide solution, and voltage is applied between the object and the electrode. At this time, the object serves as an anode. Graphene oxide is attracted to the anode because of being negatively charged, and deposited on the surface of the object to have a practically even thickness. A portion where graphene oxide is deposited is unlikely coated with another graphene oxide. Thus, deposited graphene oxide is reduced to graphene, whereby graphene can be formed to have a practically even thickness on an object having surface with complex unevenness.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material in liquid form is provided. The liquid hydrogen storage comprises at least two different hydrogen storage components, each one of the components is selected from an unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon or a heterocyclic unsaturated compound, and at least one of the hydrogen storage components is a low-melting-point compound whose melting point is lower than 80 DEG C.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.

Abstract: SETR tail gas treating process refers to an innovative process consist of the adsorbent and regeneration reactors. The SETR reactor stands for Super Enhanced Tail gas Recovery switching between adsorption and regeneration mode and the STER reactors are located after the tail gas incineration before the stack replacing any type of the caustic scrubber system. The SETR innovative process is not a sub dew point process where the bed become saturated with sulfur, instead, the SETR process are fixed bed reactors that requires heat up and cool down for the SO2 adsorption-based Claus tail gas process. The adsorption mode operates at cold temperature to adsorb the SO2. The regenerator mode operates at hot temperature to regenerate the SO2 by adding a slip stream of the H2S and air from the SRU to the SETR reactor that contains adsorbed SO2 to promote the Claus reaction.

Abstract: A method for preparing a spherical aluminum nitride granule includes (A) providing an aluminum oxide powder and a resin, followed by dissolving the aluminum oxide powder and the resin in a solvent to form a mixed slurry; (B) performing spray drying on the mixed slurry to form a spherical granule; (C) performing carbonization on the spherical granule in an inert atmosphere to form a carbonized spherical granule; (D) performing carbothermic reduction on the carbonized spherical granule in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a spherical aluminum nitride granule; (E) performing a densification sintering thermal treatment continuously on the spherical aluminum nitride granule in a nitrogen atmosphere; and (F) performing decarbonization on the densified spherical aluminum nitride granule in a nitrogen atmosphere to form densified spherical aluminum nitride sintered particles of tens of micrometers. Accordingly, the manufacturing process is simple and energy-saving.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating nano particles, including but not limited to nano particles of Ceo, at high concentration. The invention uses a solid aerosol disperser in communication with a furnace tube having a vaporization chamber and a dilution chamber. A heating element surrounds the furnace tube. Heat from the heating element heats bulk materials contained within a gas flow in the vaporization chamber to a temperature sufficient to convert the bulk materials to a vapor phase. Vaporized bulk materials are then moved to a dilution chamber, where an inert gas is introduced through a dilution gas port. The flow of the inert gas into the dilution chamber through the dilution gas port is sufficient to eject the bulk material from the exit of the dilution chamber, thereby condensing the bulk material into nano sized particles in a gas flow of sufficient volume to prevent agglomeration of the nano sized particles.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon film including: a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures; and a conductive carbon, wherein the plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures has a BET specific surface area of 500 m2/g or more. Also provided is a method of producing a carbon film, the method including mixing a conductive carbon into a fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid containing a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures having a BET specific surface area of 500 m2/g or more, a dispersant, and a solvent, and subsequently removing the solvent to form a carbon film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of purifying carbon nanotubes, including treating carbon nanotubes with an inert gas at a high temperature in a low vacuum in a reactor and obtaining ultrapure carbon nanotubes, wherein the ultrapure carbon nanotubes contain 50 ppm or less of each metal remaining therein.

Abstract: A nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface is described. A process for preparing the nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface, which hydroxides and oxygen vacancies can participate in chemical reactions, which composition is prepared by a method selected from the group of methods comprising: i) controlled thermally induced dehydroxylation of nanostructured metal hydroxide precursors; ii) thermochemical reaction of said nanostructured metal oxide with hydrogen gas; iii) vacuum thermal treatment of said nanostructured metal oxide; and iv) aliovalent doping with a lower oxidation state metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of boron carbide nanoparticles, characterized in that it comprises at least the stages consisting in: (i) interacting boric acid, boron oxide B2O3 or a boric acid ester of B(OR)3 type, with R, which are identical or different, representing C1-4-alkyl groups, with 1 to 2 molar equivalents of at least one C2 to C4 polyol, under conditions favorable to the formation of a boron alkoxide powder; (ii) interacting, in an aqueous medium, the boron alkoxide powder obtained on conclusion of stage (i) with an effective amount of one or more completely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols, with a molar mass of between 10 000 and 80 000 g.mol?1, under conditions favorable to the formation of a crosslinked PVA gel, and (iii) carrying out an oxidizing pyrolysis of the crosslinked gel formed on conclusion of the preceding stage (ii), under conditions favorable to the formation of the CB4 nanoparticles.

Abstract: Deposition on a sightglass in a reactor for CVD deposition of silicon is reduced by conducting a first purge gas stream substantially parallel to the reactor end surface of the sightglass, and conducting a second purge gas stream within the sightglass tube at an angle from the sightglass surface toward the interior of the reactor.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating and utilizing nanoscale material structures such as nanoflakes and nanoshells.

Abstract: A new crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite comprising a MTT framework has been synthesized that has been designated UZM-53. This zeolite is represented by the empirical formula: M+mRrAl1?xExSiyOz where M represents sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium cations, R is the organic structure directing agent or agents derived from reactants R1 and R2 where R1 is diisopropanolamine and R2 is a chelating diamine, and E is an element selected from the group consisting of gallium, iron, boron and mixtures thereof. Catalysts made from UZM-53 have utility in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions such as oligomerization.

Abstract: By vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having thermochromic properties and configured such that in an X-ray diffraction spectrum using CuK? as the radiation source, the area of a VO2 monoclinic peak appearing at 2?=28°±0.5° and the area of a peak appearing at 2?=30°±0.5° satisfy a predetermined relation, vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having excellent thermochromic properties are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a novel polyoxometalate and a method for producing the polyoxometalate. The polyoxometalate is represented by the compositional formula: MxOy in which M is tungsten, molybdenum or vanadium; 4?x?1000; and 2.5?y/x?7.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a filter device for filtering source water for the purpose of obtaining potable water; and further concerns a method for assembly of such a device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment method and apparatus according to which poorly treated liquid is prevented from being discharged to the outside thereof. The liquid treatment apparatus of the present disclosure comprises a channel switch, a return channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and an internal space of a first tank, and a discharge channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus. In the circulation state, the liquid mixture is circulated in the liquid treatment apparatus so as to return a liquid to the first tank through the return channel. If a concentration of the photocatalyst particles contained in the first tank falls within a predetermined range, the channel switch is switched from the circulation state to the discharge state to discharge the liquid to the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus.

Abstract: The system includes a tank for receiving water, a microwave unit having a plurality of sides, one of the sides having a first opening and a second opening, the microwave unit housing a vessel for receiving water from the tank, the vessel having a lid including an inlet port extending through the first opening and an outlet port extending through the second opening, the inlet port of the vessel being positioned in fluid communication with the tank, a magnetic stirrer having a stir bar immersed in the water contained in the vessel, and a condenser unit having a natural convection condenser positioned within a first tube, an adapter, and a heat exchange coil having an inlet configured for receiving water from the tank and an outlet for discharging water to the tank, the condenser unit being positioned in communicating relation to the outlet port of the vessel.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus and a method of desalinating thereof, wherein the desalination apparatus comprises a perforated vessel and at least one engineered semi-permeable membrane that covers perforations on the perforated vessel, wherein the desalination apparatus forms a purified water from saline water when submerged in the saline water to a depth of 50-250 m to create sufficient pressure differential on both sides of the engineered semi-permeable membrane, wherein low-saline water flows through the engineered semi-permeable membrane and collected within an internal cavity of the desalination apparatus. Various embodiments of the desalination apparatus and the method of desalinating are also provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical water treatment apparatus includes a treatment chamber formed by at least one wall and having an opening formed along the side for substantially the length of the treatment chamber, with a mounting plate applied to the opening. A set of cathodes and anodes are mounted to the mounting plate and positioned inside the chamber, each of the anodes having at least one cathode positioned on each of the two sides of the respective anode. At least two anode bus bars and two cathode bus bars are provided, each bus bar connectable to the power supply and connected to the respective electrodes near a respective end of the electrodes. An inlet adapter has a smaller cross sectional area at the first end connected to the treatment chamber inlet end, and a larger cross sectional area at the opposite end connected to the source of water to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high concentration bleach generator apparatus and a system and method for its use. The apparatus includes a housing containing brine, anionic and cationic chambers. Electrodes in the anionic and cationic chambers separate salt from brine into hydrogen gas, chlorine gas and an alkali and alkaline hydroxide mass. The hydrogen gas vents through a hydrogen selective membrane. A pump conveys the chlorine gas to the cationic chamber, where it combines with the alkali and alkaline hydroxide mass to form a bleach solution. Users can draw off the bleach and use it to disinfect water. The system also provides a system housing, a larger brine reservoir and a data processor allowing a user to select a desired bleach concentration for production.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for water treatment are disclosed. The method includes steps of associating an iron anode and a cathode with a stream of water, forming an alkaline environment around the iron anode by injecting an alkaline electrolyte solution into the stream of water upstream of the anode. The method also includes generating a solution plasma in the stream of water by applying a potential difference between the iron anode and the cathode.