Abstract: The invention relates to antibodies reactive to acetylated PCSK9, particularly to PCSK9 acetylated in position Lys421, Lys273, Lys69, Lys83, Lys243, Lys258, Lys494, and/or Lys506, and related reagents. The invention also relates to a method of reducing LDL-cholesterol level in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody binding to acetylated PCSK9. The invention also relates to a method of treating a cholesterol related disorder in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody binding to acetylated PCSK9. The invention also relates to a method of treating hypercholesterolemia in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody binding to acetylated PCSK9.

Abstract: The invention includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and antigen-binding fragments thereof, having specific binding affinity for 4,6-diamino-5-(formylamino)pyrimidine (FAPY-adenine); hybridomas producing such antibodies; immunoconjugates comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention coupled to a moiety; and in vitro and in vivo methods for using such antibodies, antibody fragments, and conjugates based on binding to FAPY-adenine; nucleic acids encoding the heavy and/or light chains of the antibodies; vectors comprising the nucleic acid sequences encoding the heavy and/or light chains; host cells comprising and, optionally, expressing the nucleic acid sequences; and methods for the production of the aforementioned materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersion liquid of anion-modified cellulose nanofibers and a composition of anion-modified cellulose nanofibers that are not colored when heated. Specifically, the dispersion liquid contains anion-modified cellulose nanofibers; an anti-coloring agent selected from the group consisting of borate salts and sulfite salts, or combinations thereof in an amount of 1 to 30 mass % based on an absolute dry mass of the anion-modified cellulose nanofibers; and a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention describes tunable methods of treating cellulosic materials with a composition that provides increased hydrophobicity and/or lipophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for binding of saccharide fatty acid esters on cellulosic materials, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a hydrogel including a metallic compound, a surfactant, an acid, agarose and water. The hydrogel is substantially colorless. A radiated hydrogel having a color is formed when the hydrogel receives a low dose of ionizing radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing natural rubber with which the odors of solid natural rubber is easily reduced, and further which does not degrade physical properties such as heat aging resistance. The present invention relates to a method for producing natural rubber, the method including a sheeting step including sheeting a non-deproteinized solid natural rubber to form a natural rubber sheet, the natural rubber sheet having a moisture content of 20% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 20×104 or more and 300×104 or less, in which the modified conjugated diene-based polymer having a molecular weight of 200×104 or more and 500×104 or less is comprised in an amount of 0.25% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less based on a total amount of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, and a shrinking factor (g?) is less than 0.64.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terminal modified and conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition including a terminal modified and conjugated diene-based polymer which is characterized in that an aminosilane-based terminal modifier represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2 is combined at the terminal of a conjugated diene-based polymer, and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel types of PMMA foams and also to the production thereof. The recipes used in the production process include particularly crosslinkers and chain transfer agents as recipe constituents, mostly in low concentrations, in addition to suitable blowing agents. It was found that, surprisingly, the invention provides a simple-to-produce stable PMMA foam having very good properties.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene (FIB) compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to polyisobutylene compounds that can be used to synthesize polyurethanes, to polyurethane compounds made via the use of such polyisobutylene compounds, and to processes for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary alcohol termini and to a process for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary termini selected from amine groups or methacrylate group.

Abstract: A method for producing thermoplastic elastomer is disclosed and comprises the step of: blending a mixture including particles of vulcanized rubber material and a molten thermoplastic material such that the rubber material is subjected to mechanical shearing forces and the surfaces of the rubber particles undergo homolytic bond scission to form chains of free radicals which cross-link with the thermoplastic material. Apparatus for carrying out the method, elastomers produced by the method and articles produced from the elastomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted cyclic ether monomers, polymers, and drug conjugates thereof, which are useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. In particular, disclosed herein are monomers of Formula (I), polymers of Formula (II), drug conjugates of the monomers and polymers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of each: wherein the substituents are as described.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition including an alkyne compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein, in general formula (1), X1 and X2 represent a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or an NH group and may be the same or different from each other, Q represents an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, or a thiophenylene group in which one of carbon atoms is substituted by an antimony atom, R1 and R2 represent an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and may be the same or different from each other, and m and n each represent 0 or 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel group 2, 3 or 4 transition metal metallocene catalyst compound having at least one arenyl ligand substituted with: 1) a cyclopropyl group and, optionally, 2) at at least one other group, such as a hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom or a heteroatom containing group.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method for preparing a catalyst system and a catalyst system for polymerizing or copolymerizing an ?-olefin. Catalyst component (A) is obtained by a process of reacting a magnesium complex (A-1) containing acid salts of group IB-VIIIB elements formed by contacting a magnesium halide with an acid salt solution of group IB-VIIIB metals or spherical particles adducts, an internal electron donor (A-2) of diester or diether or composite compounds, and a titanium compound (A-3). The catalyst compound (A) is contacted with a silicon compound (B) and an organoaluminium compound (C) to complete the catalyst system providing a good balance of catalyst performance in terms of activity and stereo-specificity.

Abstract: A silane-modified polymer having a polyisoprene skeleton and a hydrolyzable silyl group is useful as a rubber compounding ingredient. When added to a rubber composition, it is effective for improving the wet grip and substantially reducing the hysteresis loss of the cured rubber composition. Low fuel consumption tires may be manufactured from the rubber composition.

Abstract: A propylene, ethylene, 1-butene terpolymer made from or containing a) from about 1.8 wt % to about 5.9 wt % of ethylene derived units; and b) from about 2.0 wt % to about 4.5 wt % of 1 butene derived units; and having i) a ratio of C2 wt %/C4 wt % in the range from about 0.9 to about 1.3; wherein C2 wt % is the weight percent of ethylene derived units and C4 wt % is the weight percent of 1-butene derived units; ii) a Melt flow rate (determined according to ISO 1133 230° C., 2.16 kg) in the range from about 1.0 to about 30.0 g/10 min; and iii) a xylene soluble fraction at 25° C. between about 10 wt % and about 30 wt %. The weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the terpolymer.

Abstract: Toughened polyolefins and methods used to produce toughened polyolefins in presence of a bio-filler. These materials can substitute traditional thermoplastic polyolefins known as TPOs or mineral filled TPOs. Exemplary compositions include a phase based on ?-olefin elastomers and the use of biobased fillers. The bio-based filler used, can be a material rich in elemental carbon content. The use of additives is of regular usage for these compositions as they may be related to coupling agents, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, and so forth. These composition offer a remarkable lower density compared to traditional TPOs compositions altogether with bio-based value-performance addition.

Abstract: Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same. A method of polymerizing olefins to produce a polyolefin polymer with a multimodal composition distribution, includes contacting ethylene and a comonomer with a catalyst system. The catalyst system includes a first catalyst compound and a second catalyst compound that are co-supported to form a commonly supported catalyst system. The first catalyst compound includes a compound with the general formula (C5HaR1b)(C5HcR2d)HfX2. The second catalyst compound includes at least one of the following general formulas: In both catalyst systems, the R groups can be independently selected from any number of substituents, including, for example, H, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or a heteroatom group, among others.

Abstract: Methods for preparing metallocene-based catalyst systems containing an activator-support are disclosed. These methods are directed to contacting an activator-support, an organoaluminum compound, and a mixture containing a metallocene compound and cyclohexene or a mixture of cyclohexane and 1-hexene, resulting in catalyst systems with increased catalytic activity for the polymerization of olefins. The olefin polymers can be used to produce film products with high haze values.

Abstract: A copolymer having tetrafluoroethylene units, hexafluoropropylene units, and units independently represented by formula in a range from 0.02 to 2 mole percent, based on the total amount of the copolymer. Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups, n is from 1 to 6, and m is 0 or 1. The copolymer has a melt flow index in a range from 25 grams per 10 minutes to 35 grams per 10 minutes and has up to 50 unstable end groups per 106 carbon atoms. The copolymer can be extruded to make articles, such as insulated cables. A method of making the copolymer is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of uncrosslinked copolymers having a backbone comprising i) a plurality of thermo-responsive structural units derived from one or more than one N-alkyl or N,N-dialkyl substituted (alkyl)acrylamide monomer and ii) a plurality of hydrophilic structural units derived from one or more than one second ethylenically unsaturated monomer as excipients in solid mixtures with poorly water-soluble substances for effective solubilization of the latter in aqueous media. Solid dosage forms comprising a solid mixture of such copolymer(s) and poorly water-soluble substance(s) are also within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A silane-modified copolymer comprising constituent units of butadiene, constituent units having a hydrolyzable silyl group, and constituent units having acid anhydride functionality is low volatile because of its molecular weight. It may be synthesized from relatively inexpensive reactants.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing a copolymer, a copolymer prepared by the process, a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, and the use of the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture for production of motor vehicle tires. In one embodiment, the monomer has the formula: A-S—P, wherein A is a chemical group containing at least one aliphatic double bond, S is a sulfur atom, and P is a protecting group.

Abstract: A method of purifying a biological composition includes: disposing loose cationic ligand-functionalized staple fibers and a biological composition within a mixing volume of a vessel; agitating the biological composition and the loose cationic ligand-functionalized staple fibers while they are in intimate contact with each other within the mixing volume to provide modified fibers and a purified biological composition; and separating at least a portion of the purified biological composition from the modified fibers and any loose cationic ligand-functionalized staple fibers with which it is in contact. The loose cationic ligand-functionalized staple fibers have a modified surface layer comprising a grafted acrylic polymer comprising 10 to 100 percent by weight of a cationically-ionizable monomer unit. An article for purifying a biological composition includes: a vessel having a mixing volume disposed therein; and the loose cationic ligand-functionalized staple fibers disposed within the mixing volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is a star copolymer (C) including at least 10 wt. % of units derived from styrene monomer and including arms that include a statistical copolymer (EP) including ethylene units and propylene units, and the method for preparing same. Also disclosed is the use thereof in lubricating compositions, in particular for improving the viscosity index, to the lubricating compositions thus obtained and to the uses thereof.

Abstract: Materials having structure (1), wherein R and R1 may be the same or different and each independently represents an alkyl or aryl group, X may be hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group which may be branched or linear and wherein the aromatic ring substituent joined to polymer B is positioned meta or para to the aromatic ring substituent joined to polymer A and, wherein polymer A is a non-polar polymer formed by metallocene catalysis and polymer B is a polymer formed by radical catalysis of a polar monomer are used as polymer additives particularly to improve the compatibility of mixtures of polymers.

Abstract: The modified polycarbodiimide compound of the present invention is obtained by modifying a polycarbodiimide compound derived from a diisocyanate compound with an aromatic heterocyclic compound having endocyclic secondary amine nitrogen. The curing agent of the present invention comprises the modified polycarbodiimide compound of the present invention. Thus, a modified polycarbodiimide compound that allows amine dissociation to start at a low temperature as compared with a modified polycarbodiimide compound obtained by modifying a polycarbodiimide compound derived from a diisocyanate compound with diisopropylamine, and a curing agent comprising the modified polycarbodiimide compound can be provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a polyurethane foam article includes the step of forming a resin composition. The resin composition includes a polyol component, an amine catalyst, and a blowing component. The blowing component includes a hydrofluoroolefin and formic acid. The method also includes the steps of combining the resin composition, a recycled resin composition, and an isocyanate component to form a reaction mixture and discharging the reaction mixture to form the polyurethane foam article.

Abstract: The invention relates to temperature-resistant foams with a high degree of flame resistance, to the production of same from aromatic isocyanates and polyepoxides using incorporable catalysts and with formic acid as a blowing agent, and to the use of said foams.

Abstract: Provided is a heat-curable epoxy resin composition capable of yielding a cured product exhibiting a high heat resistance, a low water absorbability and a high strength. The composition of the invention is a heat-curable resin composition containing a liquid epoxy resin (A), an aromatic amine-based curing agent (B) and a cyclic carbodiimide compound (C). The aromatic amine-based curing agent (B) is added in an amount at which a total of all the amino groups in the aromatic amine-based curing agent (B) will be in an amount of 0.7 to 1.5 equivalents per one equivalent of all the epoxy groups in the liquid epoxy resin (A). The cyclic carbodiimide compound (C) is in an amount of 2 to 50 parts by mass per a total of 100 parts by mass of the liquid epoxy resin (A) and the aromatic amine-based curing agent (B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polyfluorene appended with protected glutamic acid of Formula (I) for heterogeneous enantioselective separation and sensing of amino acids, amino alcohol, hydroxyl acid, sugar, aromatic drug and ascorbic acid from racemic mixture in water and process for preparation thereof. The present invention further provides a process for separation of enantiomers and diastereomers into their individual isomers using a polyfluorene compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: A copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula I: wherein: L is a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and L? is optional and when present is represented by Formula II: wherein: Y, Y? and Y? if present, are independently selected from: a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and their corresponding salt or ester; imino, amide, nitrile, hydrogen, hydroxyl and alkyl comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A, A? and A? if present, are independently selected from an arylene moiety, with the proviso one or both Y? and A? may not be present.

Abstract: A polybenzodifuran ladder polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are: a resin modifier which is capable of imparting a resin with excellent moisture resistance, dimensional stability and optical properties; and a resin composition including the same. The resin modifier contains a compound represented by the following Formula (1): (wherein, m represents an integer of 1 to 5; n represents an integer of 0 to 50; and RA, RB and RC each represent a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which has at least one atom selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom).

Abstract: Polyester polyols made from thermoplastic polyesters are disclosed. The polyols can be made by heating a thermoplastic polyester such as virgin PET, recycled PET, or mixtures thereof, with a glycol to give a digested intermediate, which is then condensed with a dimer fatty acid to give the polyol. The invention includes a polyester polyol comprising recurring units of a glycol-digested thermoplastic polyester and a dimer fatty acid. The polyester polyol can also be made in a single step by reacting the thermoplastic polyester, glycol, and dimer acid under conditions effective to produce the polyol. High-recycle-content polyols having desirable properties and attributes for formulating polyurethane products, including aqueous polyurethane dispersions, can be made. The polyols provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.

Abstract: A highly sensitive photosensitive resin composition that can afford a cured film having a low stressfulness, a high degree of elongation, and an excellent adhesion to a metal material, copper among others, is provided. A photosensitive resin composition including an alkali-soluble resin having an organic group derived from an aliphatic diamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolyamide comprising at least two units and corresponding to the following general formula: A/(diamine)·(Cw diacid), in which: the diamine is a cycloaliphatic diamine, w represents the number of carbon atoms of the diacid, A is chosen from a unit obtained from an amino acid or from a lactam and a unit corresponding to the formula (Cx diamine)·(Cy diacid), with x representing the number of carbon atoms of the diamine and y representing the number of carbon atoms of the diacid, and in which at least one of the monomers chosen from A and the Cw diacid is obtained, in all or part, from renewable starting materials according to Standard ASTM D6866. The invention also relates to a composition comprising this copolyamide and to the use of this copolyamide and of such a composition.

Abstract: Polyamide elastomer comprising reaction product of components (a), (b), (c), (d). Component (a) has formula HOOC—R1—(—NH—CO—R1—)n—NH2 (where each R1 independently is linear saturated hydrocarbon, n represents a real number of 0 or greater, and when there are multiple repeating units each containing R1, n represents total number of those repeating units). Component (b) has formula HOOC—R2—COOH (where R2 represents a direct bond or a linear saturated hydrocarbon group). Component (c) has formula H2N—R4—(—O—R4—)m—NH2 (where each R4 independently represents a saturated hydrocarbon group; m represents a real number of ?1; and when there are multiple repeating units each containing R4, m represents total number of those repeating units). Component (d) has formula H2N—[—CH(CH3)CH—O—]x—[CH2CH2O—]y—[CH2CH(CH3)—O]z—CH2CH(CH3)(NH2) wherein (x+z) is a real number of 1 to 6 and y is a real number of 1 to 20. A molar ratio of (c)/(d) in the polyamide elastomer ranges from 9/1 to 1/9.

Abstract: A polyamideimide includes an asymmetric dicarboxylic acid derivative wherein, from among a cyclic group A and a cyclic group B, two substituents groups R and R? are bonded only to the cyclic group A on one side. A polymer produced by means of the present invention can have adequate solubility with respect to organic solvents, high thermal stability, a high glass transition temperature, high transparency and a low thermal expansion coefficient, and is able not only to satisfy requirements for core substrate materials of flexible displays but also to be used as a material for various soft electronic data devices.

Abstract: A copolyester includes repeating units derived from an aliphatic glycol, terephthalic acid, and the monomer of formula (I): wherein n=2, 3 or 4; Z is C?O, comonomer (I) constitutes a proportion of the glycol fraction of the copolyester and is present in a range of from about 5 to about 15 mol % of the glycol fraction of the copolyester; wherein said copolyester is semi-crystalline. A process tor making the copolyester includes annealing a copolyester of formula (I) at 20-80° C. below the crystalline melting point (Tm) and above the glass transition temperature (Tg).

Abstract: A 2-cyanoethyl-containing organoxysilane compound having the formula: NC—CH2—CH2—X—Si(OR1)3 is heat resistant and compatible with organic solvents. R1 is a C1-C20 monovalent hydrocarbon group, and X is a C2-C20 divalent hydrocarbon group which contains a methylene and/or methine moiety, at least one of the methylene and methine moieties being substituted with a divalent heteroatom linking moiety NR (wherein R is hydrogen, C1-C20 monovalent hydrocarbon group or 2-cyanoethyl), a trivalent heteroatom linking moiety N, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An aminosiloxane polymer includes at least one Si-bonded functional group. This functional group has the chemical formula: —(R—NH)aR1—N(R2)—CH(—COOH)(—R3—C(?O)—NR42) (I). In Formula (I), R is a C1-C10 hydrocarbon group. R1 is a C1-C10 hydrocarbon group. R2 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group, or a phenyl group. R3 is a C1-C4 hydrocarbon group. Each R4 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group, a C1-C12 hydroxyl-hydrocarbon group, or a phenyl group. Moreover, “a” is 0 or 1, such that (R—NH) is optional. The aminosiloxane polymer can be formed using the method of this disclosure and can be formed in, and/or included in, the emulsion of this disclosure.

Abstract: A permanently colored object having a silicone surface which is produced by means of the following steps: a) mixing coloring substances with a still cross-linkable silicone in order to form an application mixture, b) swelling the silicone surface by means of a solvent, c) applying the application mixture to the silicone surface, and d) performing the cross-linking of the silicone of the application mixture, which silicone penetrates the silicone surface.

Abstract: 3D printing of curable silicone cam positions is made possible by employing a mixture of Si—H-functional silicon compounds and silicon compounds bearing aliphatically unsaturated groups, a hydrosilylation catalyst, and a combination of a reinforcing filler and a rheological agent containing polar groups, exhibiting shear thinning behavior.

Abstract: Technical lignin compositions and pyrolysis methods for forming such technical lignin compositions from pyrolyzed biomass are provided. The technical lignin compositions can include at least about 50 wt % phenolic polymers and/or at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers. In some aspects, less than about 50 wt % of the linkages between benzylic units in the phenolic polymers and/or in the composition can correspond to ?-O-4 linkages. At least about 50 wt% of the hydroxyl groups in the composition can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups. At least about 60 wt % of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent.

Abstract: A process produces a polymer composition (A) containing a styrene copolymer (a) and an impact modifier (b), comprising a copolymer (b1) as graft base and a graft (b2), where the steps of the process are: (1) providing a crosslinked copolymer (b1) made of: (b11) from 70 to 99.99% by weight of a conjugated diene or acrylate, (b12) from 0 to 29% by weight of another comonomer, (b13) from 0 to 10% by weight of crosslinking monomers, and (b14) from 0.01 to 0.7% by weight of a chain-transfer reagent; (2) applying, to the copolymer (b1), at least one graft (b2) comprising: (b21) from 65 to 95% by weight of a vinylaromatic monomer, (b22) from 5 to 35% by weight of acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, and (b23) from 0 to 30% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, thus providing the impact modifier (b); (3) mixing the styrene copolymer (a) and the impact modifier (b), and thus leads to improved mechanical properties of the polymer composition (A).

Abstract: A resin supply material is used for molding a fiber-reinforced resin and includes a continuous porous material and a resin. The continuous porous material has a bending resistance Grt of 10 mN·cm or more at 23° C., and a bending resistance ratio Gr of 0.7 or less, the bending resistance ratio Gr being expressed by the formula: Gr=Gmt/Grt Gmt: bending resistance of continuous porous material at 70° C.

Abstract: A plastic film is produced by blending a polymer with particles encapsulating an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide. Optionally, an “oxodegradable” and/or “oxo biodegradable” additive that promotes degradation of the polymer in the presence of oxygen may be blended into the plastic film. The presence of the oxidizing agent within the plastic film ensures degradation of an article of manufacture, e.g., a plastic bag, when it is disposed of in an anaerobic environment, such as a landfill. In some embodiments, the particles are microcapsules and/or nanocapsules each having a polymer shell encapsulating a core that includes the oxidizing agent. In some embodiments, the particles are microparticles and/or nanoparticles each having a matrix in which the oxidizing agent is encapsulated.