Abstract: Disclosed is a functionalized graphene containing two or more amines having excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties by allowing good interfacial bonding force and uniform dispersion with a thermoplastic polymer, and a method for preparing the functional graphene. The functionalized graphene comprises a carbon material selected from the group consisting of graphene, reduced graphene, graphene oxide, and mixture thereof; and a monovalent amine group and a bivalent or higher amine group which are bonded to the carbon material.

Abstract: A compound is generally provided that has the formula: Ln3-xBxM5-yByO12, where Ln comprises Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof; x is 0 to about 1.5; M comprises Ga, In, Al, Fe, or a combination thereof; y is 0 to about 2.5; and x+y is greater than 0. A composition is also provided that includes a silicon-containing material (e.g., silicon metal and/or a silicide) and the boron-doped refractory compound having the formula described above, such as about 0.001% to about 85% by volume of the boron-doped refractory compound.

Abstract: A compound is provided that has the formula: Ln4-x-zBxDzM2-n-yAnByO9, where Ln comprises La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, or a mixture thereof; x is 0 to about 2; D is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof, where: D is not equal to Ln; if D is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, or a mixture thereof, then z is 0 to less than 4; if D is Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof, then z is 0 to about 2; M comprises Ga, Al, or a combination thereof; A comprises Fe, In, or a combination thereof; n is 0 to about 1; y is 0 to about 1; and x+y is greater than 0. In one embodiment, a composition is generally provided that includes a silicon-containing material and such a boron-doped refractory compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new synthesis process of a crystalline material with the CHA structure, which comprises the following steps: i) Preparation of a mixture that comprises one source of water, one source of a tetravalent element Y, one source of an alkaline or alkaline earth cation (A), one source of a trivalent element X, and one organic molecule (OSDA1) with the structure [R1R2R3R4N+]Q?, being the molar composition: n X2O3:YO2:a A:m OSDA1:z H2O, ii) crystallisation of the mixture obtained in i) in a reactor, iii) recovery of the crystalline material obtained in ii).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having RTH topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation structuring agents.

Abstract: A method for controlling the magnitude of mechanical forces exerted by a solid ammonia storage material on walls of a container: determining a mechanical-strength limit of the container in terms of a hydraulic pressure PLIMIT or force FLIMIT under which the walls of container do not undergo plastic deformation, or deformation of more than 200% of deformation at the yield point; using a correlation between a temperature TSAT for the ammonia saturation/resaturation process, and the hydraulic pressure PMAT, or FMAT generated by the storage material during saturation/resaturation, to identify a minimum temperature TSATMIN where PMAT, or FMAT is kept below the limit for the mechanical strength by carrying out the saturation/resaturation process at the temperature TSAT fulfilling the condition of TSAT?TSATMIN.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallic membrane for nitrogen separation, the method of making the membrane and methods of using the membrane. The invention also relates to a metallic membrane for disassociation of nitrogen and subsequent reaction with hydrogen to produce ammonia at moderate conditions compared to a conventional Haber-Bosch process.

Abstract: Spinel has conventionally been used as mentioned above in applications, such as gems, catalyst carriers, adsorbents, photocatalysts, optical materials, and heat-resistant insulating materials, and is not expected to be used in an application of an inorganic filler having thermal conductive properties. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide spinel particles having excellent thermal conductive properties. A spinel particle having spinel containing a magnesium atom, an aluminum atom, and an oxygen atom, and molybdenum being existed on the surface of and/or in the inside of the spinel, wherein the crystallite diameter of the spinel at the [311] plane is 100 nm or more.

Abstract: A compound represented by Li?Co(1-x-2y)Mex(M1M2)yO?, (Formula (I)) wherein Me, is one or more of Li, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru and Sn, and wherein 0?x?0.3, 0<y?0.4, 0.95???1.4, and 1.90???2.10 is disclosed. Further, particles including such compounds are described.

Abstract: In a method for the hydrolysis of liquid, organic substrates (1), the substrate to be hydrolysed is introduced into a circulation loop for heating, where an equal amount of hydrolysed substrate (1) is displaced from the circulation loop (6, 7, 8, 9). An appropriate system can have a circulation loop, a feed device, a circulation pump for generating a circulation flow in the circulation loop, and a heater for heating and reheating the circulation flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating water that results in water having a hydrogen bond angle of greater than 110°, preferably in a range of about 113° to about 114°. The method includes: channeling the water into a receptacle; devolatilizing and deaerating the water in the receptacle by using a condensing channel immersed in the water contained in the receptacle; channeling a portion of the water from the receptacle to a boiler via a feeder channel; heating the water in the boiler to generate steam; providing ozone to the steam in the boiler; and channeling the steam into the condensing channel. The apparatus includes a closed receptacle, a condensing channel housed in the receptacle, and a boiler in fluid communication with the receptacle. The boiler includes a boiler housing, an ozone generator and at least one heater having a total power of about 1500 watts.

Abstract: Techniques for solar thermal water purification by recycling photovoltaic reflection losses are provided. In one aspect, a solar thermal water purification system includes: a water purification component for desalinating salt water, the water purification component having multiple stages through which the salt water passes, and condensers in each of the stages; and a photovoltaic component configured to heat the salt water prior to the salt water entering a first stage of the water purification component, wherein desalinated water evaporates and condenses in each of the stages to be collected as pure water. A system using reverse osmosis and a heat-driven water pump is also provided. Methods for water purification are also provided.

Abstract: An exemplary water treatment unit comprises a horizontal tunnel comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a basin portion disposed below a dewvaporation portion, a center divider disposed in the basin portion so as to create a liquid flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet, a heat transfer wall disposed above the center divider so as to create an air flow path substantially parallel to the liquid flow path and extending from the inlet to the outlet, a first continuous longitudinal pump disposed in the horizontal tunnel and configured to wet the heat transfer wall with liquid disposed in the basin portion, and a heating mechanism configured to increase the temperature of air disposed between the air inlet and the air outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for removing nitrosamines from amine-based carbon capture systems by circulating waterwash through a filter of activated carbon. Nitrosamine emission control strategies are critical for the success of amine-based carbon capture as the technology approaches industrial-scale deployment. Waterwash systems are used to control volatile and aerosol emissions, including nitrosamines, from carbon capture plants, but it is still necessary to remove or destroy nitrosamines in the circulating waterwash to prevent their subsequent emissions into the environment. The circulation of the water over a sorbent bed of activated carbon provides a cost-effective approach to selectively remove nitrosamines from the waterwash effluent to reduce the environmental impact associated with amine-based carbon capture.

Abstract: A hydrophilic polymer matrix wherein the polymer matrix comprises one or more monomers or polymers selected from the group consisting of Diglycidyl Ethers, Polyacrylamides, Polyvinyls, Polysaccharides, Polyesters, Esters, Polyethylene Glycols, Polypropylene Glycols, Butanediols, Epoxides or other hydrophilic polymers that are crosslinked to form a flexible non-soluble polymer matrix that has more than one excess or unreacted molecule and wherein excess molecules are available or have electrons available for one or more charge coupling or bonding reactions that are reversible, with one or more target molecules such as but not limited to salts, chlorides, acids and or ion species solvated in water or other solvent.

Abstract: This disclosure provides water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods for recovering purified water and concentrated brine from wastewater. The water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods utilize ionomer membrane technology to separate water vapor from volatiles of a wastewater stream. The wastewater stream is evaporated into a gas stream including water vapor and volatiles of the wastewater stream in an evaporation container. The gas stream is delivered to a water separation module spatially separated from and fluidly coupled to the evaporation container. The water vapor of the gas stream is separated out in the water separation module while the volatiles are rejected. The water vapor can be collected into purified water while concentrated brine from the wastewater stream is left behind in the evaporation container.

Abstract: A method in which an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are separated by a cation exchange membrane, an acid solution containing metal ions is introduced into the anode chamber, a cathode solution is introduced into the cathode chamber, and a current is applied across the anode and the cathode, whereby the metal ions in the solution in the anode chamber pass through the cation exchange membrane, move into the cathode solution, and precipitate as metal onto the cathode, wherein there are minimal instances where electrodeposition is impossible or the electrodeposition rate decreases. Pre-adding a salt of the acid contained in the acid solution makes it possible to suppress concentration-diffusion of the acid from the acid solution. Adding a salt of the acid into the cathode chamber makes it possible to reduce the impressed voltage, reduce the amount of hydrogen generated on the cathode, and reduce the amount of power.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling odor of wastewater are described. An example method includes dispensing a solution in wastewater. The solution comprises an iron-nitrate compound mixed in water. In some examples, the iron-nitrate compound is ferric nitrate and/or ferrous nitrate. In some examples, the solution further includes an iron ion source different from the iron-nitrate compound, such as an iron salt like ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, or the like. The dispensing can be by using a feeding station in a wastewater collection system.

Abstract: Provided is a water-purifying agent formed of a granulated product including a mixture of a plant powder and a polymeric flocculant, wherein a surface of the granulated product includes a coated portion in which the plant powder is coated with the polymeric flocculant and a non-coated portion in which the plant powder is not coated with the polymeric flocculant.

Abstract: A device for affecting water. The device for affecting water includes a first-end, a second-end, a length from the first end to the second-end and an extruded member. Gemstones, which generate a pleasant subliminal functional aesthetic, and visible messages, which may have positive neurological and meta-physical effects, are included. The device for affecting water is useful for providing trace mineral elements to humans and animals and for producing positive changes to the overall physical health and emotional well-being of a user.

Abstract: Waste water is treated by contacting it with sodium to form hydrogen which is then contacted with air in a combustion chamber to produce clean water and heat.

Abstract: A substrate treatment unit applies surface treatment to a semiconductor substrate by using a chemical solution. The chemical solution in which metal is dissolved by substrate treatment is discharged into a storage tank and stored. A polyacid supplying unit supplies polyacid of a deletion complex with a deficient portion into the storage tank. The polyacid of deletion complex with a deficient portion is mixed into a used chemical solution containing the metal, and a pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to between 2 and 3 to capture the metal dissolved in the chemical solution in the deficient portion of the polyacid. In addition, a counter cation is put into the chemical solution so that the polyacid in which the metal is captured is precipitated to be separated from the chemical solution, and thus the metal contained in the chemical solution during the treatment of the semiconductor substrate can be removed to enable the chemical solution to be reclaimed.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to show that HNLC (high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll) regions may be formed by locking iron as sedimentary FeS/FeS2 at their hypoxic deep oceans in terms of sulfur compounds available from volcanic eruptions to be isolated from surrounding Oceans by Currents and Winds. Other 3 possible regions of LNHC (low-nutrient-high-chlorophyll), HNHC (high-nutrient-high-chlorophyll) and LNLC (low-nutrient-low-chlorophyll) are also explained by the relative degree of the accumulation rates of iron and sulfur, which implies the importance of desolate areas of deserts and volcanoes for the living organisms on Earth. Appropriate locations and schemes for large-scale sequestration of atmospheric CO2 are suggested to be far from volcanoes, earthquakes and boundaries of tectonic plates for less availability of sulfur compounds.

Abstract: A liquid processing method and a liquid processing device capable of processing a liquid with optimal microorganisms, and responding swiftly even when changes occur in the liquid. The method includes processing in a biological treatment tank that houses microorganisms, and a microorganism optimization step of optimizing the microorganisms used in the biological treatment tank. The microorganism optimization includes a liquid extraction step of extracting a liquid that includes a stock solution discharged from a liquid handling system; a screening step of screening optimal microorganisms suited for processing performed in the biological treatment tank using the liquid that includes the stock solution as a culture substrate; a culturing step of culturing the screened optimal microorganisms; and a supply step of supplying the cultured optimal microorganisms into the biological treatment tank.

Abstract: An ecological biowater purification system is provided, which includes a plurality water purification tanks connected to one another; each water purification tank includes a water inlet, a water outlet, a water purification device, a suction device, a first and a second backflow device. Particularly, the water purification device orderly includes a sedimentation pool, an anaerobic pool, an anoxic pool, a level-1 and a level-2 biological filter pool, which communicate with one another via baffle boards and communication holes; each suction device includes a plurality of suction nozzles and a suction pipe for discharging precipitates out of the water purification tank; the first backflow device is used to make some water in the level-2 biological filter pool flow back to the sedimentation pool, and the second backflow device is used to make some water in the level-1 and level-2 biological filter pool flow back to the anaerobic pool.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems and methods for processing organic compounds, such as manure or other organic waste. Embodiments may comprise a first containment or mixing chamber, a first anaerobic chamber, and a second anaerobic chamber. A first anaerobic chamber may receive organic compounds from a first containment or mixing chamber, and may provide a fluid stream to a second anaerobic chamber. The second anaerobic chamber may comprise a substrate, such as lava rock, with bacteria growing thereon. Further, biogas generated in one or both of the first anaerobic chamber and the second anaerobic chamber may be purified in a first stage using a water scrubber to remove a majority of the carbon dioxide and other contaminants from the biogas, and in a second stage using a pressure swing adsorption unit to reduce carbon dioxide and other contaminants to pipeline acceptable levels.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing a water content in a substance, comprising: mixing a water-and-solid-containing substance with a liquefied gas solvent creating a mixture and at least part of water in the water-and-solid-containing substance to be extracted into the liquefied gas solvent; separating the mixture into a substance with a decreased water content and a solvent with an increased water content, comprising the liquefied gas solvent and water extracted from the water-and-solid-containing substance; separating the solvent with an increased water content into a liquefied-gas-solvent-rich phase and a water-rich phase by changing a temperature of the solvent with an increased water content, and in a process of changing the temperature, keeping the temperature to be lower than a boiling point of the liquefied gas solvent under a pressure in the process; and returning at least part of the liquefied-gas-solvent-rich phase to be used as a solvent in creating the mixture.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for producing an optical blank from synthetic quartz glass by vitrifying and shaping a porous, cylindrical SiO2 soot body having a longitudinal axis, in a heating zone including a melt mold with bottom plate. The SiO2 soot body vitrified in the heating zone at a vitrification temperature so as to form a fully cylindrical, completely vitrified, transparent quartz glass body. Subsequently, the vitrified quartz glass body is shaped by softening in the melt mold at a softening temperature so as to form a viscous quartz glass mass which partly fills the volume of the melt mold, and cooling the quartz glass mass and removal from the melt mold so as to form the optical blank. During shaping in the melt mold, the fully cylindrical quartz glass body is brought into contact by way of controlled supply with a centering means of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A glass forming apparatus and method include a cooling mechanism in a wall of the apparatus that enhances radiation heat transfer between the glass and the wall of the apparatus and is tunable in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The apparatus and method also include a heating mechanism that affects radiation heat transfer between the glass and the wall of the apparatus, is tunable in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and is independently operable from the cooling mechanism.

Abstract: A perforated quartz glass tube includes a jacket tube containing a quartz glass material, a plurality of cylindrical glass tubes which are inserted into a pore region of the jacket tube along an axial direction of the jacket tube, and contain a quartz glass material having a softening point higher than a softening point of the jacket tube, and a gap member which is inserted into a gap between the cylindrical glass tubes and a gap between the jacket tube and the cylindrical glass tube, and contains a quartz glass material having a softening point lower than a softening point of the cylindrical glass tube.

Abstract: An optical fiber with low attenuation and methods of making same are disclosed. The optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding surround the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding. The outer cladding is chlorine-doped such that the relative refractive index varies as a function of radius. The radially varying relative refractive index profile of the outer cladding reduces excess stress in the core and inner cladding, which helps lower fiber attenuation while also reducing macrobend and microbend loss. A process of fabricating the optical fiber includes doping an overclad soot layer of a soot preform with chlorine and then removing a portion of the chlorine dopant from an outermost region of the overclad soot layer. The soot preform with the modified chlorine dopant profile is then sintered to form a glass preform, which can then be used for drawing the optical fiber.

Abstract: A rotary feed-through for mounting a rotating substrate tube in a lathe and providing a flow of process gas into the tube, said feed-through including a process gas supply line for providing a process gas into said substrate tube, a rotatable holder arranged for receiving and holding said substrate tube for rotating said substrate tube with respect to said process gas supply line, a rotary union provided between said rotatable holder and said process gas supply line for rotatably connecting said rotatable holder to said process gas supply line, a stationary housing connected to said process gas supply line and to said rotatable holder, therewith forming a closed cavity surrounding said rotary union, wherein said stationary housing further includes an auxiliary gas supply line for providing said closed cavity with an auxiliary gas.

Abstract: An aluminum-free borosilicate glass includes the following glass composition (in weight-% on oxide basis): 70-80 SiO2; 8-14 B2O3; 0 Al2O3; 0-4 Na2O; 3-10 K2O; 0 Li2O; 3-14 sum Na2O+K2O; 0-1 CaO; 0-1 MgO; 0-1 BaO; 0-1 SrO; 0-2 sum CaO+MgO+BaO+SrO; 0-1 ZnO; 3.6-14 ZrO2; 0-10 TiO2; and 0.01-2.0 one or more refining agents, the weight ratio of ZrO2:K2O being in a range of 1.2:1 to 1.4:1.

Abstract: To provide chemically tempered glass which is less likely to break even if scratched. Chemically tempered glass, which comprises, as represented by mole percentage based on the following oxides, from 56 to 72% of SiO2, from 8 to 20% of Al2O3, from 9 to 25% of Na2O, from 0 to 2% of K2O, and from 0 to 15% of MgO, and which has a surface compressive stress of at least 900 MPa and an internal tensile stress of at most 30 MPa. Glass for chemical tempering, which comprises, as represented by mole percentage based on the following oxides, from 56 to 69% of SiO2, from 8 to 16% of Al2O3, from 9 to 22% of Na2O, from 0 to 1% of K2O, from 5.5 to 14% of MgO, from 0 to 2% of ZrO2, and from 0 to 6% of B2O3.

Abstract: The invention provides transparent conductive coatings based on indium tin oxide. The coating has a tin oxide overcoat. In some embodiments, the coating further includes one or more overcoat films comprising silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or silica. The coating and its films have compositions, thicknesses, and properties that simultaneously produce low sheet resistance and high visible transmission, preferably together with neutral color properties and good durability.

Abstract: A strengthened glass container or vessel such as, but not limited to, vials for holding pharmaceutical products or vaccines in a hermetic and/or sterile state. The strengthened glass container undergoes a strengthening process that produces compression at the surface and tension within the container wall. The strengthening process is designed such that the tension within the wall is great enough to ensure catastrophic failure of the container, thus rendering the product unusable, should sterility be compromised by a through-wall crack. The tension is greater than a threshold central tension, above which catastrophic failure of the container is guaranteed, thus eliminating any potential for violation of pharmaceutical integrity.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for use in preparing a glass includes performing an ion exchange process by treating the glass with a eutectic mixture including at least a first rubidium salt. In another aspect, a glass is prepared at least in part by performing an ion exchange process by treating the glass with a eutectic mixture including at least a first rubidium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and having a compressive stress layer provided on the first surface and the second surface, in which a depth of compressive stress DOL1 (?m) of the first surface is larger than a depth of compressive stress DOL2 (?m) of the second surface, and a stress distribution in a sheet thickness direction of the chemically strengthened glass satisfies the following relational expression (1) and the following relational expression (3): CT1/CT2?0.8??(1) and CT1×L1/2?30 (MPa·mm1/2)??(3).

Abstract: A method and composition for stabilizing drill cuttings commences by providing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The PCC is dried to a moisture level of about 10% or less. Drying by heat not to exceed 400° F. is preferred to prevent changes in the PCC. The dried PCC is blended with kiln dust to compose a generally uniform admixture. In the admixture, the kiln dust is not to exceed 40%. The admixture is introduced to the drill cuttings to initiate a nucleation reaction within the commixture of drill cuttings and the admixture.

Abstract: A housing for a portable electronic device is disclosed. The housing is composed of yttria-sensitized zirconia. Yttria-sensitized zirconia has from about 1.5 to about 2.5 mole percent yttria, and more typically about 2 mole percent yttria, and most typically 2 mole percent yttria, in zirconia. Yttria-sensitized zirconia is both tough and able to limit the formation and propagation of micro-cracks. Methods for manufacturing yttria-sensitized zirconia composed housings are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition is generally provided that includes a silicon-containing material (e.g., silicon metal and/or a silicide) and a boron-doped refractory compound, such as about 0.001% to about 85% by volume of the boron-doped refractory compound (e.g., about 1% to about 60% by volume). In one embodiment, a bond coating on a surface of a ceramic component is generally provided with the bond coating including such a composition, with the silicon-containing material is silicon metal.

Abstract: A ceramic component is generally provided that includes a silicon-based layer comprising a silicon-containing material (e.g., a silicon metal and/or a silicide) and about 0.001% to about 85% of an In-containing compound. For example, the silicon-based layer can be a bond coating directly on the surface of the substrate. Alternatively or additionally, the silicon-based layer can be an outer layer defining a surface of the substrate, with an environmental barrier coating on the surface of the substrate. Gas turbine engines are also generally provided that include such a ceramic component.

Abstract: A ceramic component is provided that includes a silicon-based layer comprising a silicon-containing material (e.g., a silicon metal and/or a silicide) and a boron-doped refractory compound, such as about 0.001% to about 85% by volume of the boron-doped refractory compound (e.g., about 1% to about 60% by volume of the boron-doped refractory compound). A coated component is also provided that includes a CMC component defining a surface; a bond coating directly on the surface of the CMC component, with the bond coating comprises a silicon-containing material and a boron-doped refractory compound (e.g., about 0.1% to about 25% of the boron-doped refractory compound); a thermally grown oxide layer on the bond coating; and an environmental barrier coating on the thermally grown oxide layer.

Abstract: A SiAlON sintered body according to the present invention is represented by Si6-zAlzOzN8-z (0<z?4.2) and has an open porosity of 0.1% or less and a relative density of 99.9% or more. A ratio of a total of intensities of maximum peaks of components other than SiAlON to an intensity of a maximum peak of the SiAlON in an X-ray diffraction diagram is 0.005 or less.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a curable coating composition including 10-50 vol. % inorganic binder, based on the total volume of solids in the dry coating composition, wherein the inorganic binder is an alkali metal silicate or an alkaline earth metal silicate and 50-90 vol. % inorganic filler, based on the total volume of solids in the coating composition, wherein the binder and the filler are not the same and the coating is substantially free of an organic polymeric binder. Further provided are ceiling tiles having a backing side and an opposing facing side, and a cured coating layer supported by the backing side of the panel, the cured coating layer including the curable coating composition of the disclosure and methods of preparing same.

Abstract: Generally, the instant disclosure relates to fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using the same. More specifically, the instant disclosure relates to blast suppressant and/or blast resistant ammonium nitrate fertilizer compositions, as well as methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A fertilizer includes ammonium hydrogen carbonate (ABC) as the main component and contains at least one additive from the group including biochar, non-oxidizing inorganic salt, compacting agents, bentonite, oxidizing agent and cellulose derivative. The biochar may be impregnated with an inorganic acid. The cellulose derivative may be a cellulose ether. The oxidizing agent may be a peroxide or permanganate. The compacting agent may be TiO2, gelatin and/or liqnin sulfonic acid.

Abstract: The disclosure provides strengthened products, including strengthened fibrous composite products and methods for making and using same and strengthened particulates, such as particulate fertilizer products, and methods for making and using same. The fibrous composite product can include a plurality of fibers and an at least partially cured strengthening resin. The fertilizer composition can include a particulate core that can include a plant nutrient, at least one coating layer of the strengthening resin, and at least one coating layer of a water insoluble material. The strengthening resin can include one or more aldehyde-based resins and one or more crosslinked resins. The crosslinked resin can include one or more polyamines at least partially crosslinked by one or more symmetric crosslinks and can include one or more azetidinium functional groups.

Abstract: An obscurant-emitting composition may comprise an oxidizer comprising a cation comprising at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and an anion comprising at least one of nitrate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, perchlorate, periodate, or chlorite; a fuel; and a hydrated salt composition, wherein the obscurant-emitting composition comprises between 0.001% and 8% by weight hydrated salt composition.

Abstract: A perforating system including a perforating gun having a perforating gun body housing shaped charges oriented outwardly from the gun body and connected to a detonation system for deployment into a wellbore. The shaped charges include at least a case, a liner and explosive material that is thermally stable and of a composition that allows for reaction with metals, debris or formation walls in order to improve fluid flow from the formation upon perforating. Shaped charge can also employ differences in composition moving from the apex to the skirt of the liner in order to achieve different perforating characteristics upon detonation of the explosive material.