Abstract: A process for producing grapheme is disclosed. The process comprises introducing a solution (102) of a metal alkoxide in a solvent into a decomposition apparatus, wherein the decomposition apparatus includes a first region having a sufficiently high temperature to cause thermal decomposition of the metal alkoxide, to produce graphene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybrid reforming system for producing syngas through a reforming reaction between carbon dioxide plasma and a hydrocarbon material, the system comprising: a carbon dioxide feeder (110) which feeds carbon dioxide; a hydrocarbon material feeder (120) which feeds the hydrocarbon material; a plasma reformer (200) which respectively receives carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbon material from the carbon dioxide feeder (110) and the hydrocarbon material feeder (120), and produces primary syngas through a reforming reaction while producing the carbon dioxide plasma using electromagnetic waves; a wet carbon-refining device (130) which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the plasma reformer (200) and filters and refines carbon contained in the primary syngas; and a catalyst dry-reformer (140) which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the wet carbon-refining device (130) and produces secondary syngas by making the refined syngas undergo a catalyst dry-reforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a hydrogen containing gas mixture comprising the following steps: (i) providing a preheated mixture comprising a fossil fuel, preferably methane, and steam, (ii) conducting an adiabatic reaction between the fossil fuel and the steam, in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a first reaction product mixture is formed comprising methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and (iii) conducting an oxygen-assisted reforming reaction in the presence of a catalyst between said first reaction product mixture and an oxygen comprising stream, wherein the oxygen comprising stream comprises at least 40 vol % oxygen, forming a second reaction product mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The invention also relates to a system suitable for hydrogen production from a hydrocarbon feed according to the present invention.

Abstract: A method for conversion of greenhouse gases comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel; and irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. The irradiated catalytic material is heated and catalyzes an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and methane that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. A mixture that includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen can undergo catalyzed reactions producing multiple-carbon reaction products in a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an air-permeable texture providing oxygen and negative oxygen ions which comprises substances supplying oxygen and substances supplying negative ions and is embedded into several household articles or devices such as band-aids, dressings over wounds, masks, clothes, air conditioners or air purifiers.

Abstract: In an ozone generating device including a discharge unit for discharging a material gas that flows through a discharge space formed between two electrodes to generate ozone and a cooling unit for radiating heat which is generated by the discharging, wherein the material gas is obtained by vaporizing a liquefied raw material, the cooling unit includes a first cooling unit through which a first refrigerant flows in contact with one of the two electrodes and a second cooling unit which is provided further to the downstream side of flow of the material gas in the discharge unit than the first cooling unit, and in which the cold heat source is the liquefied raw material and the temperature of the second refrigerant introduced to the second cooling unit is set to be lower than the temperature of the first refrigerant introduced to the first cooling unit.

Abstract: A continuous reaction system (CRS) allows a method to prepare quantum dots (QDs) in a continuous manner with high precision. The CRS pumps a plurality of reagent fluids into one or more mixing sites to form a reaction fluid that is carried through a heating chamber at elevated pressures to carry out hydrothermal growth of the QDs. The pumps and heating chamber are controlled with a high precision by employing a detector downstream of the heating chamber to provide a signal that is dependent on the composition and size of the QDs. The signal is provided to a signal processor that provides a signal that control the flow rates and temperature parameters in the system. The QDs produced in this manner are consistent in size and composition and can be of a single semiconductor composition or can be core-shell QDs with a shell semiconductor formed on a core semiconductor.

Abstract: A membrane-based air separation module includes an inlet configured to receive supply air, a first hollow fiber membrane configured to substantially remove water from the supply air to form an anhydrous air stream, and a permeate port configured to exhaust the water removed by the first hollow fiber membrane from the air separation module. The air separation module also includes a second hollow fiber membrane positioned downstream of the first hollow fiber membrane configured to receive the anhydrous air stream and substantially remove oxygen from the anhydrous air stream, an oxygen-enriched air outlet configured to exhaust the oxygen removed by the second hollow fiber membrane from the air separation module, and a nitrogen-enriched air outlet configured to supply a stream of nitrogen-enriched air to a fuel tank of an aircraft.

Abstract: A preparation method of a battery composite material includes steps of providing phosphoric acid, manganese carbonate, water and a first reactant; processing a reaction of the phosphoric acid, the manganese carbonate and the water to produce a first product; calcining the first product to produce a precursor, which is written by Mn2P2O7; processing a reaction of the precursor and at least the first reactant to get a reaction mixture, and then calcining the reaction mixture to produce the battery composite material. As a result, the present invention achieves the advantages of reducing the times of the reduction-oxidation reaction, so that the stability of the processes is enhanced, and the difficulty of the processes is reduced.

Abstract: A filtration system that uses a filter to convert wastes in automotive exhausts into carbon nanotubes is disclosed. Metallic salts, such as iron salts, may be mixed with diesel fuel by way of using algal biodiesel to ensure homogenous suspension of the metallic salts in the diesel fuel. The metallic salts form a suitable catalyst to grow carbon nanotubes on a filter placed in the pathway of the diesel combustion exhaust. The filter surface may be composed of iron of similar catalyst. The filter may be placed along the pathway of exhaust streamlines preferably at an angle of more than 5 degrees and less than 15 degrees. The filter is heated to temperatures in the range of 200-1000 degrees Celsius. The filter described in this invention can work in its own or supplement existing filtration systems. The filtration system may produce a material that is commercially valuable, synthesized carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Embodiments of a device, or a component of a device, including a stabilized graphite surface, methods of stabilizing graphite surfaces, and uses for the devices or components are disclosed. The device or component includes a surface comprising graphite, and a plurality of haloaryl ions and/or haloalkyl ions bound to at least a portion of the graphite. The ions may be perhaloaryl ions and/or perhaloalkyl ions. In certain embodiments, the ions are perfluorobenzenesulfonate anions. Embodiments of the device or component including stabilized graphite surfaces may maintain a steady-state oxidation or reduction surface current density after being exposed to continuous oxidation conditions for a period of at least 1-100 hours. The device or component is prepared by exposing a graphite-containing surface to an acidic aqueous solution of the ions under oxidizing conditions. The device or component can be exposed in situ to the solution.

Abstract: Methods of ex situ synthesis of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, other graphene derivative structures and nanoparticles useful as polishing agents are disclosed. Compositions and methods for polishing, hardening, protecting, adding longevity to, and lubricating moving and stationary parts in devices and systems, including, but not limited to, engines, turbos, turbines, tracks, races, wheels, bearings, gear systems, armor, heat shields, and other physical and mechanical systems employing machined interacting hard surfaces through the use of nano-polishing agents formed in situ from lubricating compositions and, in some cases, ex situ and their various uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sheet-like fiber structure including a plurality of fibers made of amorphous silicon dioxide. The plurality of fibers are intertwined with each other and thus connected to each other, thereby forming void portions. Consequently, the sheet-like fiber structure has not only liquid permeability and voltage resistance but also high heat resistance and chemical resistance. The sheet-like fiber structure is therefore applicable to a separator for preventing a short circuit between electrodes, a scaffold for cell culture, to holding a biomolecule, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for producing zeolite or zeolite-like crystals using a composition comprising one or more fluorine-containing compounds as a mineralizing agent. Crystals produced by such a method are smaller in size than crystals available in the art and contain few defects. The invention also relates to zeolite and/or zeolite-like crystals obtainable by a method as provided herein as well as crystals defined by any of the structural characteristics provided herein, and the usage thereof such as in the manufacture of thin films and membranes, absorbents, catalysts etc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, the method including heat-treating a precursor aqueous solution containing a lithium precursor, a transition metal precursor, and an organic acid containing a carboxyl group, and having a chelation index (C.I) value less than 1 and 0.5 or more, wherein the chelation index value is defined by transmittance of a peak located in a wavenumber from 1,700 to 1,710 cm?1 and transmittance of a peak located in a wavenumber from 1,550 to 1,610 cm?1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a simple and improved process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from deposit water through the use of associated petroleum gas as stripping gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to the proppants and proppant substrates treated with active compounds that reduce the presence of contaminants in fluids, methods of using those materials, as well as methods of making those materials. The invention further provides that the contaminated fluids are associated with wells, including oil and gas wells.

Abstract: A purifying system for treating a fluid with UV light including a housing defining: a chamber having a treatment zone; an inlet; and an outlet. The light source supplies UV light to the treatment zone. The inlet, the tubular housing, or the outlet may extend inward into the chamber so that the fluid passes close to the light source and has a relatively increased duration in the treatment zone. The purifying system may also have a sensor coupled to the housing or light source for generating a first signal indicative of a first parameter of the treatment zone. A microcontroller can control the light source based on a signal from the sensor and data characterizing the light source. The microcontroller may also vary operation of the light source and collect data to create the data characterizing the light source.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus includes a supply chamber for receiving a fluid, a discharge chamber for discharging the fluid, and a cavitation generating chamber extending from the supply chamber to the discharge chamber. The cavitation generating chamber is operable to generate cavitation bubbles. A method of treating a liquid comprises directing a fluid from a supply chamber into a cavitation generating chamber by constricting the fluid through an orifice, wherein the orifice has a cross dimension that is substantially less than a cross dimension of the supply chamber, such that a fluid jet is formed. The method further includes allowing the fluid jet to expand downstream of the orifice such that the velocity of the fluid is reduced so that the jet axial velocity head at the chamber outlet is less than the difference between the static pressure within the discharge chamber and the vapor pressure of the fluid. The method also includes discharging the fluid into a discharge chamber via a chamber outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a grease trap for separating grease and solid waste from waste water. The grease trap includes a tank having a downwardly shaped bottom. An upwardly shaped baffle insert divides the tank into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. An outlet port near an upper part of the baffle allows waste into the upper chamber. An inlet invert in the tank receives incoming waste water, while an outlet invert removes water from the tank. A removable cover covers the tank and allows access for removal of accumulated grease and solid wastes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for enriching water, in particular drinking water, with magnesium ions. In order to enable enrichment of water with magnesium ions in exchange for calcium ions and/or heavy metal ions during treatment of water, and in particular of drinking water, it is proposed according to the invention to pass the water through an ion exchanger which contains a weakly acidic ion exchange material, wherein at least a part of its ion exchange capacity is loaded with magnesium ions.

Abstract: A cartridge for treating drinking water, comprising two chambers, wherein one chamber is filled with a highly acidic ion-exchange material and another chamber is filled with a weakly acidic ion-exchange material, wherein one of the ion-exchange materials is loaded with alkali ions or alkaline earth ions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a membrane filtration system includes a raw water tank, a pretreatment membrane module, a raw water feed line, a high-pressure RO membrane module, a high-pressure line, a preceding power recovery unit which pressurize the pretreated water by transmitting the pressure of the concentrate to the pretreated water, a succeeding power recovery unit which pressurize the raw water by transmitting a remaining pressure of the concentrate to the raw water, a concentrate discharge line, a first pressure transmission line communicating to the power recovery unit by being branched from the high-pressure line, a second pressure transmission line communicating to the power recovery unit by being branched from the raw water feed line, and a valve provided in the drain line to regulate a discharge of the concentrate from the power recovery unit in accordance with a pressure loss in the pretreatment membrane module.

Abstract: Disclosed are microfluidic devices and systems for the desalination of water. The devices and systems can include an electrode configured to generate an electric field gradient in proximity to an intersection formed by the divergence of two microfluidic channels from an inlet channel. Under an applied bias and in the presence of a pressure driven flow of saltwater, the electric field gradient can preferentially direct ions in saltwater into one of the diverging microfluidic channels, while desalted water flows into second diverging channel. Also provided are methods of using the devices and systems described herein to decrease the salinity of water.

Abstract: A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. Components of the water system are protected from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. Ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge is recycled to further treat the water. A gas infusion system may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation, particularly when the conductivity of the water is high. An electrode mounting assembly maintains a high voltage electrode and ground electrode at a fixed distance from each other to optimize plasma generation. An open support structure for the high voltage generator circuit physically separates spark gap electrodes and resists metal deposits that may disrupt discharge of a high voltage pulse to create the plasma.

Abstract: Apparatus for purifying a fluid, which comprises an ion absorption cell (2) traversed by a fluid to be treated (F1) containing cationic particles and/or anionic particles, provided with a containment structure (3) defining at its interior two operating chambers (4, 5) traversed by the fluid to be treated (F1), and each delimited by a respective electrode (10, 11) that can be power supplied to opposite polarities. Between the two operating chambers (4, 5), a third evacuation chamber (13) is interposed, containing a porous electrical conductor (18) traversed by a washing fluid (F2) and delimited by two opposite walls (16, 17) which together with the electrodes (10, 11) define the aforesaid operating chambers (4, 5). The aforesaid walls (16, 17) have at least one ion-selective area associated, which is susceptible to being traversed by charged particles with corresponding polarity contained in the two contiguous operating chambers (4, 5) subjected to the action of the electric field generated by the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating wastewater by means of photosynthetically active algae that form a sediment in the resting state, comprising the following steps: a) supplying wastewater to photosynthetically active algae that form a sediment in the resting state, b) conveying the wastewater supplied to the algae against gravity from a lower level to a higher level while simultaneously exposing the wastewater mixed with the algae to light, c) introducing the wastewater supplied to the algae from the higher level into the upper region of a sedimentation tank, d) allowing the algae to sediment in the sedimentation tank, and e) removing the wastewater freed of the algae by sedimentation as treated wastewater.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for removing an organic deposit or for inhibiting deposition of deposit-forming comprising contacting a cleaning composition or an anti-coking composition with a surface. The surface can have an organic deposit or be susceptible to forming an organic deposit and the surface can be in contact with a liquid containing organics. The liquid can be produced from a thermal recovery system, and the surface can be an internal surface of a piece of steam-generating or vapor-generating equipment.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for communities not connected to sewer infrastructure. The wastewater treatment system comprises a control unit electrically coupled to an ecologic cleaning system (i.e. phytoremediation), activated sludges and disinfection process (i.e. ultra violet light) in a re-circulation and continuous flow arrangement.

Abstract: A process treats high temperature produced water by passing a stream to an electrocoagulation unit and then to a membrane distillation (MD) unit where the stream contacts a hydrophobic membrane on a feed side and deionized water contacts the membrane on a product side. A distilled water stream is recovered and collected with the product side stream to form a volume-depleted exit produced water stream on the feed side of the hydrophobic membrane. The exit product side stream is passed through a heat exchanger to form a stream that is returned to a location upstream of the MD unit for an additional pass through the MD unit, thereby recovering additional water. The stream can be returned multiple times to achieve high recovery and to form a final stream leaving the MD unit having a temperature from 40-60 ° C., a total oil and grease content no greater than 500 mg/L, and a suspended solids content no greater than 200 mg/L.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making glass and glass gobs on demand. A sheet of molten glass is provided in a staging section. The sheet of molten glass is held within the staging section when there is no demand for glass articles. When there is a demand for production of glass articles, a portion of the sheet of molten glass is flowed into a gob forming section.

Abstract: Provided is a glass film ribbon manufacturing device (1), including: a transverse conveyance unit (4), which is configured to convey a glass film ribbon (G) in a transverse direction; and a cleaving unit (5), which is arranged on a conveyance path of the transverse conveyance unit (4), and is configured to cleave the glass film ribbon (G) along a preset cleaving line extending in a longitudinal direction, the transverse conveyance unit (4) including a wrinkle-smoothing unit (14) configured to smooth a wrinkle generated in the glass film ribbon (G) before the glass film ribbon (G) is cleaved by the cleaving unit (5).

Abstract: According to some embodiments a method of processing an optical fiber comprises the steps of: (i) drawing the fiber at a drawing rate of at least 30 m/sec; and (ii) cooling the drawn fiber in a gas at an average cooling rate less than 5000° C./s, such that said cooling reduces the temperature of the fiber from an entering temperature in the range between 1500° C. and 1700° C. to another temperature in the range between 1200° C. and 1400° C., the gas being at a temperature between 800° C. and 1500° C.; and the thermal conductivity ? of the gas being not greater than 1.5×10?4 cal/cm-s-K for at least one temperature within a range of 800° C. to 1500° C. at one atm (atmosphere) pressure absolute.

Abstract: A doped silica-titania (“DST”) glass article that includes a glass article having a glass composition comprising a silica-titania base glass containing titania at 7 to 14 wt. % and a balance of silica, and a dopant selected from the group consisting of (a) F at 0.7 to 1.5 wt. %, (b) B2O3 at 1.5 to 5 wt. %, (c) OH at 1000 to 3000 ppm, and (d) B2O3 at 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % and OH at 100 to 1400 ppm. The glass article has an expansivity slope of less than about 1.3 ppb/K2 at 20° C. For DST glass articles doped with F or B2O3, the OH level can be held to less than 10 ppm, or less than 100 ppm, respectively. In many aspects, the DST glass articles are substantially free of titania in crystalline form.

Abstract: Described herein are aluminoborosilicate glass compositions that are substantially alkali-free and exhibit desirable physical and chemical properties for use as substrates in flat panel display devices, such as, active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). The glass compositions can be formed into glass sheets by, for example, the float process. When used as substrates, the glass sheets exhibit dimensional stability during processing and damage resistance during cutting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically resistant glass composition for the production of reinforcing strands which comprises the following constituents within the limits defined below, expressed in mol %: SiO2 67-72%; ZrO2 5-9.5%, preferably ?7.5%; R2O (R?Na, K and Li) 11-17%; Li2O 0-5.5%; K2O 0-5.5%; Na2O<10%; and CaO 3-9%, the composition furthermore containing less 1% of impurities (Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, MgO, SrO, BaO and P2O5) and being free of F. It also relates to the glass strands obtained from this composition and to the composites based on an organic or inorganic material containing such strands.

Abstract: Inorganic fibers including the following composition, SiO2, MgO and CaO being main components: SiO2: 73.6 wt % to 85.9 wt %, MgO: 9.0 wt % to 21.3 wt %, CaO: 5.1 wt % to 12.4 wt %, Al2O3: 0 wt % or more and less than 2.3 wt %, and Fe2O3: 0 wt % to 0.50 wt %.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a low-loss alkali metal-doped silica core optical fiber having excellent hydrogen resistance. The method for producing the optical fiber according to the present invention includes a drawing step of drawing an optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace to produce a silica glass-based optical fiber including a core region containing an alkali metal with an average concentration of 0.5 atomic ppm or more and a cladding region that surrounds the core region and a heating step of heating the optical fiber in a heating furnace through which the optical fiber drawn from the drawing furnace passes.

Abstract: A glass container and related methods of manufacturing a glass container. A solution having a composition including a silane, a solvent, a catalyst, and water, is applied to an exterior glass surface of the glass container, at an application temperature between 5 and 40 degrees Celsius, such that the solution at least partially fills the surface imperfections to provide a room-temperature-curable cold-end coating on the glass container. Then, the applied solution is allowed to cure on the exterior glass surface of the glass container, at a curing temperature between 5 and 40 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An architectural transparency includes a substrate, a first dielectric layer formed over at least a portion of the substrate, a continuous metallic layer formed over at least a portion of the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed over at least a portion of the first metallic layer, and a subcritical metallic layer formed over at least a portion of the second dielectric layer such that the subcritical metallic layer forms discontinuous metallic regions.

Abstract: A powdered polyurethane, preferably a powdered recycled polyurethane rigid foam is co-dried with a water insoluble film-forming polymer to obtain a redispersible polymer powder composite for use in hydraulic binders or cementitious compositions to improve performance of cementitious compositions or mortar, in applications such as cement based the adhesives (CBTA), or external thermal insulating composite systems (ETICS).

Abstract: A density controlled cold fusion concrete cementitious spray applied fireproofing material including a mixture of water, one or more of silicon dioxide, expanded glass, vermiculite, bottom ash, perlite, expanded shale, or other lightweight aggregates of various diameter sizes ranging from about 0.025 mm to about 12.5 mm in diameter; anhydrous or hydrous sodium or potassium metasilicate; waste from steel production consisting of Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS); high calcium or low calcium waste from coal combustion (fly ash or bottom ash); sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid, or boric acid; and an alkali-resistant micro-.

Abstract: Disclosed are a functional Ecostone and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the functional Ecostone is characterized in that, on the basis of 100 parts by weight of a raw material formed by mixing 30-60 wt % of gypsum, 20-40 wt % of calcium carbonate, and 10-30 wt % of water, 1-30 parts by weight of a rose geranium extract, 2-10 parts by weight of basalt fibers, 2-10 parts by weight of mulberry fibers, 1-30 parts by weight of phytoncide, 1-30 parts by weight of ocher, and 1-30 parts by weight of charcoal are mixed.

Abstract: Gypsum composites containing cementitious materials and methods of making the same are provided. Gypsum composites include gypsum and a cementitious material. Methods of making gypsum composites include combining gypsum stucco, water, and a cementitious material to form a slurry, and setting and drying the slurry to form a gypsum composite.

Abstract: Comminuted pre-mixtures for technical ceramics production, and ceramic bodies made therefrom, the comminuted pre-mixtures being comprised of cellulosic components and alumina source components and the bodies being produced by compounding the comminuted pre-mixtures with powdered inorganic components into batch mixtures, adding liquids to the batch mixtures to form plastic batches, forming the plastic batches into shaped bodies, and heating the shaped bodies to form the ceramic bodies.

Abstract: There is provided a lead- and potassium-free piezoelectric material having a high piezoelectric constant and a satisfactory insulation property and a piezoelectric element that includes the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material contains a perovskite-type metal oxide having the general formula (1): (NaxBa1-y)(NbyTi1-y)O3 (wherein x satisfies 0.80?x?0.95, and y satisfies 0.85?y?0.95); and at least one rare-earth element selected from La, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, wherein the rare-earth element content is more than 0 mol % and 5 mol % or less of the amount of perovskite-type metal oxide. The piezoelectric element includes the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) exhibiting enhanced diamond-to-diamond bonding. In an embodiment, PCD includes a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions. A metal-solvent catalyst occupies at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions. The plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm3/grams (“G·cm3/g”) or less. Other embodiments are directed to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) employing such PCD, methods of forming PCD and PDCs, and various applications for such PCD and PDCs in rotary drill bits, bearing apparatuses, and wire-drawing dies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating organic waste, which comprises the step of contacting an organic waste with one or more microorganisms from at least three of the following microorganism species: Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. microorganisms and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, the contacting being undertaken under conditions to at least partly convert the organic waste to organic fertilizer.

Abstract: A composite particle and a population of particles comprising a water-insoluble polyphosphate composition, methods of producing, and methods of using the same are provided. The polyphosphate composition may comprise at least one alkaline earth metal selected from calcium and magnesium and optionally at least one nutrient ion selected from the group consisting of potassium, ammonium, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron, chlorine, iodine, molybdenum, selenium or sulfur.