Abstract: The present technology provides methods and processes of producing ammonium sulfate nitrate 1:2 double salts by combining ammonium sulfate solution, nitric acid and ammonia in an aqueous reaction mixture. The methods include reacting the aqueous reaction mixture, followed by removing water to form the ammonium sulfate nitrate 1:2 double salt.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include systems and methods of producing granulated fertilizer products. In some embodiments, the granulated fertilizer product includes a double salt of ammonium nitrate and sulfate nitrate having the formula NH4SO4.2(NH4NO3).

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the preparation of a metal lattice-doping catalyst in an amorphous molten state, and the process of catalyzing methane to make olefins, aromatics, and hydrogen using the catalyst under oxygen-free, continuous flowing conditions. Such a process has little coke deposition and realizes atom-economic conversion. Under the conditions encountered in a fixed bed reactor (i.e. reaction temperature: 750˜1200° C.; reaction pressure: atmospheric pressure; the weight hourly space velocity of feed gas: 1000˜30000 ml/g/h; and fixed bed), conversion of methane is 8-50%. The selectivity of olefins is 30˜90%. And selectivity of aromatics is 10˜70%. There is no coking. The reaction process has many advantages, including a long catalyst life (>100 hrs), high stability of redox and hydrothermal properties under high temperature, high selectivity towards target products, zero coke deposition, easy separation of products, good reproducibility, safe and reliable operation, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from oxygenates, comprising the following steps: (i) heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of methanol to a product stream containing a C3? and a C4+ fraction, (ii) distillation of the product stream for separating the C3? fraction from a bottom product, and (iii) distillation of the bottom product for separating a stream containing the C4+ fraction and dimethyl ether from a stream containing water and methanol. Furthermore, the invention also comprises a plant for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A method for producing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene efficiently from an intermediate product having a low reactivity is provided. A method for producing trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene comprising reacting a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having 3 carbon atoms represented by Formula (1) shown below in a gas phase with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of chlorine is provided. C3HXClYFZ (1) wherein X is 2 or 3; and when X=2, Y is an integer from 1 to 4, Z is an integer from 0 to 3, and Y+Z=4; and when X=3, Y is an integer from 1 to 5, Z is an integer from 0 to 4, and Y+Z=5; provided that Formula (1) shown above represents a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having 3 carbon atoms excluding trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Abstract: The cross-coupling reaction of 2-bromo-1-phenyl indenes with phenyl acetylenes or propargyl alcohol is disclosed. The cross-coupling reaction uses a palladium catalyst with triphenylphosphine in the absence of a copper co-catalyst. The reaction is carried out with pyrrolidine as the base in water at 120° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the recovery of 1,4-butanediol and at least one co-product selected from ?-butyrolactone, n-butanol and tetrahydrofuran from an aqueous stream, said process comprising the steps of providing the aqueous stream, providing a first solvent stream, combining said aqueous stream with said first solvent stream and recovering at least a portion of the 1,4-butanediol and at least a portion of at least one of the co-products by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: A method for transforming selected plant or plant-derived materials, and optionally selected waste plastics, into a plurality of phenolic reaction products having a lower sulphur content than the original feedstock, via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected plant or plant-derived materials, and optionally waste plastic material, through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected feedstock to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected plant and/or plant-derived mixture and optionally waste plastic material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a water-containing mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of phenolic reaction products having a lower sulphur content than the original feedstock.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid. Recovery of fluid medium and valuable chemicals in carried out using p-xylene as fluid medium which is also the starting material. The recovered stream containing p-xylene, acetic acid and other valuable chemicals is recycled to the oxidation step. The process disclosed in the present disclosure is energy efficient and cost effective.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound that is 4,4?-(4?-Carboxy)-4-nonyloxy-[1,1?-biphenyl]-3,5-diyl)dibutanoic acid (CNBDA), derivative compounds of CNBDA, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The derivative compounds of CNBDA have one or more of the following substitutions (a) replacement of one or both of the carboxylic acid groups of the CNBDA compound with an organic acid group having 1-3, or 5-30, or more carbon atoms in chain length, wherein the carbon atom chains are either saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated with respect to the carbon to carbon bonding, (b) replacement of the carboxylic groups of (a) with a phosphate, a sulphate, an amide, a hydroxyl, an aldehyde, or a halide group, and (c) replacement of the nonane group with an alkane having a carbon chain length of 1-8 or 10-30, or more carbon atoms. A method of treating a patient having cancer is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

Abstract: Fouling of an MMA process is reduced by acidifying a stream comprising recycled components.

Abstract: In a process for workup of a crude ester comprising esterification catalyst hydrolysis product in suspended particulate form, a) the crude ester is admixed in an emulsifying tank with 1% to 10% by weight of water and the water is emulsified in the crude ester to obtain a suspoemulsion, b) the suspoemulsion from the emulsifying tank is transferred to an agglomerating tank containing an initial charge of water-undersaturated crude ester, such that a water content below the solubility limit of water in the crude ester is established in the mixture of the suspoemulsion and the initial charge of crude ester, as a result of which the suspended particulate esterification catalyst hydrolysis products form stable agglomerates, and c) the agglomerates formed are filtered off.

Abstract: This invention relates to an etheramine of formula (I) based on glycerine or trimethylolpropane and its manufacturing process, wherein R=H or ethyl, k=0 or 1 A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having C2-C18 carbon atoms, A may be the same as or different from one another, at least one A represents a linear or branched C4-alkylene group, the sum of x, y and z lies in the range of 3 to 100, x?y?1 and z?1, Z=NH2 or OH but at least two Z per molecule are NH2.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula I and formula II or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I or formula II; and methods for treating or preventing multiple sclerosis may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of Levothyroxine and salts thereof. The process described in the present invention provides increase in the yields and purity comprising the use of sodium iodide and sodium hypochlorite as iodinating agent.

Abstract: A method of producing a cycloalkanone oxime by a photochemical reaction of a cycloalkane with a photo nitrosating agent in a liquid by light irradiation includes irradiating the liquid with a light source configured to emit light satisfying conditions that, in an emission energy distribution with respect to wavelength of light, a wavelength providing a maximum value of emission energy is 550 nm to 700 nm and a continuous wavelength range including the wavelength providing the maximum value and outputting energy of or over 5% of the maximum value is equal to or less than 150 nm, wherein a ratio ?E/V of a light irradiation energy ?E out of electric power E input into the light source to a reaction volume V which is a volume of a space for the photochemical reaction of the cycloalkane with the photo nitrosating agent is equal to or greater than 5.5 w/L.

Abstract: 1,3-Dipole-functional compounds (e.g., azide functional compounds) can be reacted with certain alkynes in a cyclization reaction to form heterocyclic compounds. Useful alkynes (e.g., strained, cyclic alkynes) and methods of making such alkynes are also disclosed. The reaction of 1,3-dipole-functional compounds with alkynes can be used for a wide variety of applications including the immobilization of biomolecules on a substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides methods useful in the industrial scale process for hydrocyanation of butadiene to adiponitrile for recycle of unwanted byproduct 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile (2M3BN) by conversion to process intermediate pentenenitrile. The invention provides a process for generating catalysts useful for carrying out the hydrocyanation of butadiene to adiponitrile, the process comprising contacting the 2M3BN and a solution of a nickel-ligand catalyst in cis-2-pentenenitrile (cis-2PN), trans-2-pentenenitrile (trans-2PN), or a mixture thereof. The improved methods of the invention can provide improved catalyst solubility for bidentate ligands without a requirement for a Lewis acid catalyst promoter such as zinc chloride to be present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating an isocyanate prepared by reaction of a primary amine with an excess of phosgene in the gas phase from the gaseous crude product obtained in the reaction, wherein (i) the gaseous crude product is partially liquefied by contacting with a quenching liquid, (ii) the gas phase obtained in step (i) is partially condensed, (iii) the condensate obtained in step (ii) is used as the quenching liquid in step (i), (iv) the portions of the gas phase that were not condensed in step (ii) are at least partially liquefied, (v) the liquid phase obtained in step (iv) is likewise used as the quenching liquid in step (i), and (vi) the liquid phase obtained in step (i) is worked up to the pure isocyanate without previously being used as quenching liquid.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting translation initiation are provided. Compositions, methods and kits for treating (1) cellular proliferative disorders, (2) non-proliferative, degenerative disorders, (3) viral infections, and/or (4) disorders associated with viral infections, using N,N?-diarylureas and/or N,N?-diarylthiourea compounds are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modified allophanate compound bearing acrylate functions, resulting from the reaction of a particular allophanate with an ester from the reaction between an acid selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and at least one polyol that does not contain an oxylakylene or aa (poly)oxyalkylene group. The invention further relates to the use of said modified allophanate for preparing a hydrophobic cross-linkable coating composition by means of UV radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds, compositions, and methods for use of the compounds. The compounds are N-phenyl or N-benzyl enaminones. The compositions can be pharmaceutical compositions. For example, the compounds/compositions are used in treating seizure disorders. The methods entail administering a composition comprising one or more of the compounds to a subject in need thereof. Articles of manufacture comprising one or more of the compounds/compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides N-hydroxymethanesulfonamide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions. In particular, the disclosed subject matter provides methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treating heart failure.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel chemical entities that act as thromboxane (TX) A2 receptor, or T prostanoid receptor (TP), antagonists and to their use in the treatment of human diseases in which thromboxane (TX) A and of all other agents that act as incidental ligands of TP, including the endoperoxide prostaglandin (PG)G2/PGH2, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and the free-radical derived isoprostanes (e.g., 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG)F2?), play a role. Compounds of the invention preferably include a benzenesulfonyl urea in which the benzene is substituted by a substituted biphenylyloxy group (e.g., at the 2 position) and by a nitrile group (e.g., at the 5 position), which compounds show promising results as TP-isoform selective TP antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the asymmetric oxidation of nucleophilic organic compounds, particularly metal-free, with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. In one detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral imidodiphosphate catalyst. In another detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method for treating phytophotodermatitis including the steps of applying an isothiocyanate functional surfactant to an area affected by phytophotodermatitis, wherein said isothiocyanate functional surfactant comprises at least one isothiocyanate functional group associated with an aliphatic and/or aromatic carbon atom of the isothiocyanate functional surfactant.

Abstract: Processes for annealing amorphous atorvastatin is described. Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations containing annealed amorphous atorvastatin are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a salt including a compound represented by a formula (4) and a compound represented by a formula (5). A method for producing the salt includes reacting a compound represented by a formula (2) with a compound represented by a formula (3) in the presence of a quaternary onium salt and a base to form the compound represented by the formula (4); and mixing the compound represented by the formula (4) with the compound represented by the formula (5). A method for producing a compound represented by a formula (6) includes removing, from the salt including the compounds of formulae (4) and (5), a protecting group P1. In the following formulae, P1 and P2 are both protecting groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, and their use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods for inhibiting DNA2.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing 5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, a useful intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides.

Abstract: The invention provides pyrazolyl guanidine compounds that inhibit F1Fo-ATPase, and methods of using pyrazolyl guanidine compounds as therapeutic agents to treat medical disorders, such as an immune disorder, inflammatory condition, or cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein X, Y, R1, R2, (R4)n, and (R5)m are as defined in the description, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. These compounds are useful as calcium T-channel blockers.

Abstract: Persistent carbene adducts and methods of forming the same are generally described, as well as compositions comprising the persistent carbene adduct. In some embodiments, methods are provided comprising heating a persistent carbene to relatively high temperatures to convert the persistent carbene into a persistent carbene-carbodiimide adduct. In certain embodiments, the percent of the persistent carbene that is converted to the persistent carbene-carbodiimide adduct is relatively high (e.g., at least about 50%). In some embodiments, the persistent carbene-carbodiimide adducts formed via the methods described herein may be relatively stable. Compositions comprising the persistent carbene-carbodiimide adducts of the present invention may be useful for applications involving catalysis, organometallic chemistry, sensing, and surface functionalization, amongst others.

Abstract: Novel imidazolium salts of formula (I) are described in which R is a C1-C14 alkyl group, optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or a C2-C18 alkoxyalkyl group, R? is an alkyl group containing at least 8 carbon atoms, at least 6 of which are partially or entirely fluorinated, R? is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, Z is an organic or inorganic anion, and Q is further defined. The compounds of formula (I) are liquid crystals over a wide temperature range, and are characterized by high conductivity, hydrophobicity and stability. These properties made them ideally suitable for use in devices based on electrochemical reactions, such as solar cells, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, lithium batteries and capacitors, etc.

Abstract: This invention relates to quinazoline compounds of Formula (I) which are inhibitors of the histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMTase) EZH2, and to uses of such compounds as medicaments, in particular in the treatment of a disease or disorder in which inhibition of EZH2 provides a therapeutic or prophylactic effect.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of epoxidizing an olefin to form an epoxide, the method comprising contacting an alkene(C?12) or aralkene(C?12) with a titanium silica catalyst, a peroxide, a buffer, and one or more organic solvents in a reaction mixture, wherein the one or more organic solvents comprise a first organic solvent selected from: R1—OH??(I), R2—CN??(II), R3—C(O)—R4??(III) or R5—O—R6??(IV) wherein: R1 is alkyl(C?12), aryl(C?12), aralkyl(C?12) or a substituted version of any of these groups; R2 is alkyl(C?12), aryl(C?12), aralkyl(C?12) or a substituted version of any of these groups; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl(C?6) or substituted alkyl(C?6); and R4, R5, and R6 are each independently selected from alkyl(C?12), aryl(C?12), aralkyl(C?12) or a substituted version of any of these groups, or are taken together are alkoxydiyl(C?12), alkanediyl(C?12), substituted alkoxydiyl(C?12) or substituted alkanediyl(C?12).

Abstract: Disclosed are antioxidative, natural compounds, their salts, chelates and cleavage derivatives that exhibit a superior combination of properties. The compounds can be used for a variety of purposes, including stabilizing foods, cosmetics, beverages and nutritional supplement. The compounds can be prepared by substantially cleaving a humic acid of formula I to provide at least one antioxidant compounds of formula II, formula III, formula IV, formula V, formula VI, salts, or chelates thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to compounds of formula (I) which can inhibit AAKI (adaptor associated kinase 1), compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for inhibiting AAKI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of efinaconazole.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production method of an intermediate used in the production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VI) by reacting a pyridine-3-sulfonic acid compound with phosphorus pentachloride in a solvent of chlorobenzene or trifluoromethylbenzene to give a pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride compound, reacting the compound without isolation with compound (III) to give compound (IV), and subjecting the compound (IV) to a reductive amination reaction. wherein R2 is a hydrocarbon group etc. and R3 and R4 are each a hydrogen atom etc., wherein R1 is an optionally substituted pyridin-3-yl group, and the other symbols are as defined above, wherein R5 is an alkyl group and the other symbols are as defined above.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I: and salts and prodrugs thereof wherein R4, X1 and X2 have any of the meanings defined in the specification, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds or salts and methods for their use in therapy. The compounds have useful antiviral properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or the tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X, and Z have one of the meanings as defined in the specification, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a medicament, to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to LRRK2 inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, deuterated analog, prodrug, tautomer, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, and methods of making and using thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for treating or preventing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment or prevention of HCV infection.