Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and compositions for reducing and/or preventing soil water repellency. Embodiments of methods of reducing soil water repellency (SWR) of the present disclosure include applying to an area of groundcover a composition including an effective amount of at least one isolated enzyme capable of degrading or altering organic matter associated with SWR, where the SWR of the area of groundcover is reduced after treatment with the enzyme composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure described herein pertain generally to a method for stabilizing and improving a soil by using a high-molecular viscous biopolymer, a soil composition for promoting germination or growth of vegetation, a composition for preventing soil erosion, and a soil construction material and member.

Abstract: An LCD panel, comprises substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates and liquid crystal alignment layers, each sandwiched between the liquid crystal layer and a respective one of the substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment layers comprises hydrocarbon derivative having perfluorocarbon group.

Abstract: Described herein are processes for converting a biomass starting material (such as lignocellulosic materials) into a low oxygen containing, stable liquid intermediate that can be refined to make liquid hydrocarbon fuels. More specifically, the process can be a catalytic biomass pyrolysis process wherein an oxygen removing catalyst is employed in the reactor while the biomass is subjected to pyrolysis conditions. The stream exiting the pyrolysis reactor comprises bio-oil having a low oxygen content, and such stream may be subjected to further steps, such as separation and/or condensation to isolate the bio-oil.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to methods for the production of biofuels from organic matter, the methods comprising treating the organic matter with an aqueous solvent and at least one additional catalyst under conditions of heat and pressure. The invention also relates to biofuel products obtainable by the methods.

Abstract: A system and method produce hydrocarbons from biomass by fluid catalytic cracking. In one embodiment, the system is a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system includes a riser. The riser contains a catalyst. The system also includes a biological feed comprising biomass-derived liquid for the riser. In addition, the system includes a hydrocarbon feed comprising hydrocarbons for the riser. The biological feed and the hydrocarbons react in the riser in the presence of the catalyst to convert at least a portion of the biological feed and the hydrocarbons to hydrocarbon products. The hydrocarbon products comprise a concentration of oxygen from about 0.005 wt. % to about 6 wt. %.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for treating and reacting a metathesis feedstock. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a feedstock comprising a natural oil, chemically treating the feedstock with a metal alkoxide under conditions sufficient to diminish catalyst poisons in the feedstock, and, following the treating, combining a metathesis catalyst with the feedstock under conditions sufficient to metathesize the feedstock.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrocarbon blendstock, the method comprising contacting at least one saturated acyclic alcohol having at least three and up to ten carbon atoms with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C., wherein the metal is a positively-charged metal ion, and the metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting the alcohol to the hydrocarbon blendstock, wherein the method directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having less than 1 vol % ethylene and at least 35 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and a system for coking and simultaneous upgrading of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock. More particularly the present invention relates to a process of cracking heavy hydrocarbon feedstock employing high heat carrier, incorporated with weak acid sites for improving the liquid yield and reducing coke yield. The feedstock is vaporized and brought in contact with a heat carrier material to produce a product stream and separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regeneration of the particulate heat carrier to the extent of 10-30% and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved hydrocracking catalyst containing an amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) base and alumina support. The ASA base is characterized as having a high nanopore volume and low particle density. The alumina support is characterized as having a high nanopore volume. Hydrocracking catalysts employing the combination high nanopore volume ASA base and alumina support exhibit improved hydrogen efficiency, and greater product yield and quality, as compared to hydrocracking catalysts containing conventional ASA base and alumina components.

Abstract: A process for producing pipeline-ready or refinery-ready feedstock from heavy hydrocarbons using a high-performance solvent extraction process with high local solvent-to-process fluid ratios yet maintaining low overall solvent-to-process fluid ratios, by first performing mild thermal cracking on the heavy hydrocarbons and then separating asphaltene-rich fractions from a resulting thermally affected fluid so that the high solvent-to-oil ratio portion of the process acts only on those asphaltene-rich fractions, and producing a dry, solid asphaltene as an end-product.

Abstract: Methods are provided for dewaxing distillate feeds using a dewaxing catalyst with improved aromatic saturation activity. The dewaxing can be performed using a catalyst including a zeolitic molecular sieve with a beneficial ratio of zeolitic molecular sieve to binder and/or using a catalyst including a zeolitic molecular sieve with a reduced ratio of silica to alumina.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device in the form of a 3-zone gasifier and to a method for operating such a gasifier.

Abstract: A computer implemented blend control system and method for preparation of a hydrocarbon blend from a plurality of components drawn from respective component tanks have been disclosed. The system, in accordance with the present disclosure includes at least one sensor and analyzer adapted to sense and analyze a first attribute of at least one of the components for obtaining first attribute data. The system further includes, at least one optimizer having a data storage means for storing attribute based model data. The optimizer receives the first attribute data and transmits the received first attribute data to a comparator which computes an optimized proportion data between each of the component streams to enable selective drawing of each of the component streams in accordance with the optimized proportion data for preparing the hydrocarbon blend.

Abstract: Processes for producing jet fuel are disclosed. In one embodiment, syngas is converted to methanol, and a first portion of the methanol is converted to olefins using a methanol-to-olefins catalyst. The olefins are then oligomerized under conditions that provide olefins in the jet fuel range. The olefins can then optionally be isomerized and/or hydrotreated. A second portion of the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether, which is then reacted over a catalyst to form jet fuel-range hydrocarbons and aromatics. All or part of the two separate product streams can be combined, to provide jet fuel components which include isoparaffins and aromatics in the jet fuel range. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable jet fuel. In another embodiment, the process starts with methanol, rather than producing the methanol from syngas.

Abstract: Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasoline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing the propensity of a diesel fuel composition to take up zinc when exposed to zinc during storage and/or transportation, the method comprising formulating a diesel fuel composition to be stored or transported in contact with zinc such that said diesel fuel composition has an aniline point greater than 80° C.

Abstract: The instant invention describes a method and system for producing biodiesel which increases energy efficiency by reducing the overall amount of energy associated with producing the biodiesel. Unlike most systems which use a batch procedure, the instant method and system utilize a continuous flow sonification procedure which provides for reactions to take place in tubes as the biodiesel moves along through the process. The continuous flow sonification procedure is performed in two main stages, utilizing the steps of acid esterification, transesterification, and a waterless washing.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the separation of ethane and heavier hydrocarbons or propane and heavier hydrocarbons from natural gas to provide a methane-rich natural gas stream and less volatile natural gas liquids (NGLs). This method provides for the use of a regenerable adsorbent media comprising a porous cross-linked polymeric adsorbent, a pyrolized macroporous polymer, or mixtures thereof, which is regenerated by a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process, or combination of the two. Said regeneration step may be operated as a batch process, a semi-continuous process, or preferably as a continuous process.

Abstract: The add-on system for removing paraffin from a natural gas dehydration system is a method of removing paraffin from the dehydrated TEG. The add-on system for removing paraffin from a natural gas dehydration system processes the cooled and dehydrated TEG through a second heat exchanger, which raises the temperature of the dehydrated TEG to a previously determined temperature. Once the dehydrated TEG is at temperature, the TEG is processed through one or more separators, which separates the paraffin from the dehydrated TEG. The separated paraffin is collected in one or more collection apparatus for disposal while the processed TEG is released to further processing and delivery to the contactor for reuse. The add-on system for removing paraffin from a natural gas dehydration system comprises a second heat exchanger, one or more separators, one or more pumps, one or more collection apparatus, and a plurality of valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lignite fired steam power plant comprising a water/steam power cycle, a dryer system for drying lignite coal and a heat recovery system for recovering thermal energy from the dryer system. The heat recovery system vaporises condensate against a vapour line of the dryer steam and then compresses the vaporised condensate for use to preheat either or both combustion air or condensate of the water/steam power cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lignite fired steam power plant comprising a water/steam power cycle and a lignite dryer system having a heat pump circuit configured and arranged to provide heat energy to a lignite dryer of the dryer system. The heat pump includes a dryer heat exchanger, an expansion device and an evaporator heat exchanger connected to the first outlet line so as to enable heat energy transfer from the vapour of the first outlet line to the first working fluid. A compressor is also included in the heat pump circuit. In addition the heat pump circuit is connected to the water/steam power cycle by a steam makeup line from the pressure series of steam turbines and a condensate return line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bio-char producing system comprising: a preheating-warming tank for preheating a water-containing organic raw material including food waste; a carbonization reactor for carbonizing, by a hydrothermal carbonization method, the water-containing organic raw material heated at the preheating-warming tank; and an indirect heater provided inside and outside the carbonization reactor to indirectly heat the carbonization reactor through a heating pipe where a heated insulating oil flows inside.

Abstract: A method for preventing or reducing engine knock or pre-ignition in a high compression spark ignition engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition that contains at least one branched hydrocarbon having at least about 25% of the carbons in the form of methyl groups, or at least one polyol ester of at least one branched mono-carboxylic acid. A lubricating engine oil having a composition that contains at least one branched hydrocarbon having at least about 25% of the carbons in the form of methyl groups, or at least one polyol ester of at least one branched mono-carboxylic acid. The lubricating engine oils are useful as passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO) products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lubricant and/or clean-out composition comprising: (a) a dispersant component comprising a succinimide dispersant and/or a quaternary ammonium salt dispersant; (b) a carrier fluid component; and (c) an optional corrosion inhibitor, as well as methods of cleaning out deposits in a lubricant system, such as a hydraulic system, using such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides phosphorous-containing compounds useful as antiwear additive components, lubricant additive compositions and lubricant compositions each comprising such compounds, and methods for making and using the same.

Abstract: In order to prevent deterioration in performance of an oil-free screw compressor and scuffing caused by rust, surfaces of both male and female rotors are coated with heat-resistance coatings containing a solid lubricant. A coating contains Polyimide resin to which Molybdenum disulfide, as a solid lubricant, and Aluminum oxide and Titanium oxide, as additives, are added. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a coating that is higher in heat resistance and longer in lifetime than a conventional one.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a base oil; a sulfide compound; and an orthophosphoric acid ester, wherein a content of the sulfide compound is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass and a content of the orthophosphoric acid ester is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, based on a total amount of the refrigerating machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 3 to 500 mm2/s.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a working fluid for a steam-turbine cycle process, said fluid comprising a working medium, a lubricant and preferably an emulsifier. The working medium is a C1 to C4 alcohol and/or a C3 to C5 ketone, optionally mixed with water. The invention also relates to a device for a steam cycle process, which device contains the working fluid, and to the use of the working fluid in an organic Rankine cycle. The lubricant is a hydrocarbon and the emulsifier is a surface-active substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of lubricant, and specifically provides a lubricant composition and its preparation method and use. The lubricant composition comprises a base oil and rubber particles having radiation crosslinked structure dispersed therein, wherein the base oil is continuous phase and the rubber particles are dispersed phase. The viscosity of the lubricant composition of the present invention can be effectively adjusted as temperature changes. As compared with the lubricant composition comprising chemically crosslinked rubber particles, it has a lower viscosity at low temperatures and a higher viscosity at high temperatures, and has a relatively high viscosity index, which can meet the application requirements at the temperature above 200° C. In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention also has excellent antiwear and friction-reducing properties.

Abstract: A lubricating coating composition and a compressor including a sliding member coated with the lubricating coating composition. The lubricating coating composition includes a thermosetting or thermoplastic polyimide-based resin as a binder, a solid lubricant, various solvents, and other additives at a controlled ratio. The compressor includes a first member including a first sliding surface and a second member moving relative to the first member including a second sliding surface. The lubricating coating composition is applied to the first sliding surface or the second sliding surface.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns an aqueous lubricant composition, characterized in that it comprises of: 50 wt % of water, 0.01-20 wt % of a thickening agent, 0.5-10 wt % of an antioxidant; 0.5-5 wt % of a pH regulating agent; and glycerol. There is also provided a method for manufacturing the aqueous lubricant composition, and uses of said aqueous lubricant composition.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are provided coated microcapsules including a microcapsule, said microcapsules including a polymeric shell and a liquid core material encapsulated therein; and a metallic coating surrounding said microcapsules; wherein the metallic coating includes particles of a first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell and a film of a second metal formed thereon; and wherein the metallic coating has a maximum thickness of 1000 nm; and methods and formulations related thereto.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are provided coated microcapsules including: a microcapsule including a polymeric shell and a liquid core material encapsulated therein; and a metallic coating surrounding said microcapsule, wherein the metallic coating includes particles of a first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell and a film of a second metal formed thereon; wherein the particles of the first metal are adsorbed on said polymeric shell by contacting the polymeric shell with a reducing agent and a solution comprising ions of the first metal, thereby reducing said ions and forming particles of the first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell; method and formulations related thereto are also provided.

Abstract: The use of an alcohol in a liquid cleaning composition including surfactant, for cleaning hydrophobic stains from surfaces and/or for providing suds longevity, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of: C4-C6 linear mono-alcohols, branched C4-C10 mono-alcohols having one or more C1-C4 branching groups, alkyl mono-glycerols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Caustic-free detergent compositions are provided. Detergent compositions including an aminocarboxylate, water conditioning agent, non-caustic source of alkalinity and water beneficially do not require the use of additional surfactants and/or polymers to provide suitable detergency and prevent scale build-up on treated surfaces. The detergent compositions are used with a sanitizer to employ the caustic-free detergent compositions are particularly suitable for use as low temperature ware wash detergents that beneficially reduce scale build-up. Methods of employing the caustic-free detergent compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for removing a residue of resin from the surface of equipment. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: providing a cleaning solution comprising a pH-adjusting agent, a chemical solvent, and water, wherein the chemical solvent is selected from the group consisting of ?-lactam, ?-lactam, ?-lactam, ?-lactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), caprolactam, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, ?-butyrolactone, ?-butyrolactone, ?-decalactone, ?-valerolactone, ?-caprolactone, butylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate, any combination thereof, and any derivative thereof; allowing the cleaning solution to contact a surface at least partially coated with a layer of resin; and allowing the cleaning solution to at least partially dissolve the resin.

Abstract: An alcoholic beverage is aged in a wooden barrel after the barrel is covered by a film having an oxygen transmission rate of at least 50 cc/m2/day and an ethanol transmission rate of less than 30 g/m2/day. The beverage acquires one or more specific flavor components in an amount of 50%, 75%, or 100% relative to amounts of one or more of the same flavor components in a control alcoholic beverage aged in a wooden barrel without the film thereon. Covering the barrel with the film reduces the angels' share evaporative loss, while allowing the beverage to develop desirable flavor components during aging. In another embodiment, the process reduces angels' share evaporative loss while achieving organoleptics indistinguishable from a control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure and a container for culturing cells. In one arrangement, the structure (200) comprises a partially enclosed cavity (204) and a plurality of compartments (201) adapted for fluid communication with the partially enclosed cavity (204). Each compartment (201) is configured to hold one or more cell within its compartment (201) at a location dependent on a dimension of the cell. This arrangement may facilitate visual identification or indication of the size of the cell by observing its location within its compartment (201). The structure (200) may be included or formed integrally with a container (100) such as a Petri dish.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for hydrolyzing and acidifying homogenized organic waste fed into a closed and gas tight reactor using enzymatic bacteria under thermophilic conditions where water may be added to said reactor and the content of the reactor can be mixed and subjecting during hydrolysis and acidification an adequate part of a suspension formed in the reactor to—i. a separation step isolating—a permeate comprising an aqueous solution of soluble carbon, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and valuable nutrients, —an organic slurry comprising an aqueous solution of insoluble organic solids rich in enzymatic thermophilic bacteria and non-hydrolyzed organic solids, and the remaining part of soluble carbon, VFA and valuable nutrients, thereafter to—ii. a recirculation step re-feeding said organic slurry into the reactor for further hydrolysis and acidification.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel methods for expansion and passaging of cell aggregates comprising stem cells and/or differentiated cells and comprising the use of closed systems on rocking platform bioreactors. The methods of the invention permit closed system serial passage expansion of pluripotent stem cells and/or progeny thereof with associated pluripotency markers and differentiation potential.

Abstract: A method for stem or progenitor cell culture. More precisely, the invention relates to a method for cell culture using one or more I?I (inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor or inter-alpha inhibitor) protein(s) or part(s) thereof as a component in a cell culture media or a coating on a cell culture surface material. Furthermore the invention relates to a cell culture media and a cell culture coating/matrix provided with one or more I?I proteins(s) or part(s) thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides biomatrix scaffolds for industrial scale dispersal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adenovirus E4ORF1 gene and to endothelial cells engineered to express the E4ORF1 gene. The present invention also relates to uses of the E4ORF1 gene, and cells expressing the E4ORF1 gene, and to compositions comprising the E4ORF1 gene, or comprising cells expressing the E4ORF1 gene.

Abstract: A method for the expansion of tumor-specific T-cells includes obtaining an enriched population of T-cells from a subject with cancer; and contacting the enriched population of T-cells ex-vivo with: (i) an anti-CD3 antibody, an anti-CD28 antibody, and/or functional fragments thereof, and (ii) a VEGF inhibitor, to activate and expand the T-cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tolerogenic dendritic cell population (Tr-DC) capable of generating a population of T cells having regulatory activity, method of production and uses thereof. Furthermore, soluble HLA-G promotes the differentiation of a population of T cells with regulatory activity.

Abstract: A method for extracting stem cells from a non-embryonic stem cell source, including providing a non-embryonic stem cell source including stem cells; perfusing the non-embryonic stem cell source with a pulsatile flow of a perfusion solution to produce a perfusate including stem cells and a perfused non-embryonic stem cell source; and isolating the stem cells from the perfusate to produce isolated stem cells, is provided. Also provided is a non-embryonic stem cell line derived from a non-embryonic stem cell obtained using the pulsatile perfusion extraction method.

Abstract: Provided is a protein coded by a gene related to cell totipotency and a transcriptional activation domain of a mammalian YAP protein or a fusion protein of a segment with a transcriptional control activity, a coding nucleotide sequence, an expression vector and a composition thereof, as well as a method for inducing the pluripotent stem cells by using the fusion protein.

Abstract: The present invention describes an efficient commercial scale production method for the preparation of PRRS virus.

Abstract: Modified viruses and methods for preparing the modified viruses are provided. Vaccines that contain the viruses are provided. The viruses can be used in methods of treatment of diseases, such as proliferative and inflammatory disorders, including cancer, and as anti-tumor and/or antiangiogenic agents. The viruses also can be used in diagnostic methods.