Abstract: A coating source for physical vapor deposition to produce doped carbon layers. The coating source is produced by way of sintering from pulverulent components and is formed of carbon as matrix material in a proportion of at least 75 mol % and at least one dopant in a proportion in the range from 1 mol % to 25 mol %.

Abstract: Particulate material comprising rough mesoporous hollow nanoparticles. The rough mesoporous hollow nanoparticles may comprise a mesoporous shell, the external surface of which has projections thereon, the projections having smaller sizes than the particle size. The particulate material may be used to deliver active agents, such as insecticides and pesticides. The active agents can enter into the hollow core of the particles and be protected from degradation by sunlight. The rough surface of the particles retains the particles on plant leaves or animal hair. Methods for forming the particles are also described. Carbon particles and methods for forming carbon particles are also described.

Abstract: The invention shows a production method for carbon nanotubes. The production method comprises a first step of feeding at least one kind of gas-phase catalyst into a first chamber, the at least one kind of gas-phase catalyst being formed from an iron family element-containing substance and a halogen-containing substance that are contained in a first liquid; and a second step of forming the carbon nanotubes from a carbon source fed into the first chamber using a catalyst generated based on the gas-phase catalyst existing in the first chamber, wherein the first step includes vaporization of the first liquid, and the first liquid does not contain the carbon source.

Abstract: The invention shows a production apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes by the gas-phase catalysis process, comprising: a first chamber having a growth region that is a region in which carbon nanotubes are formed; a first temperature adjustment device capable of adjusting a temperature of the growth region in the first chamber; a pressure adjustment device capable of adjusting a pressure in the first chamber; a first feed device capable of feeding a carbon source to the growth region in the first chamber; a second temperature adjustment device capable of adjusting a temperature of a solid-phase iron family element-containing material disposed in the production apparatus; and a second feed device capable of feeding a gas-phase halogen-containing substance into the production apparatus so that the iron family element-containing material of which the temperature is adjusted to a predetermined temperature by the second temperature adjustment device can react with the halogen-containing substance.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention is to provide a carbon nanohorn aggregate excellent in imparting conductivity, and to provide a carbon nanohorn aggregate excellent in both the impartation of conductivity and the dispersibility. The present invention provides a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate in which a plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns are aggregated in a fibrous state. The fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate is excellent in imparting conductivity, and can be produced by the same process as production of globular carbon nanohorn aggregates, whereby the carbon nanohorn aggregates containing fibrous ones and globular ones mixed therewith can satisfy both high conductivity and high dispersibility.

Abstract: Graphene layers made of primarily sp2 bonded atoms and associated methods are disclosed. In one aspect, for example, a method of forming a graphite film can include heating a solid substrate under vacuum to a solubilizing temperature that is less than a melting point of the solid substrate, solubilizing carbon atoms from a graphite source into the heated solid substrate, and cooling the heated solid substrate at a rate sufficient to form a graphite film from the solubilized carbon atoms on at least one surface of the solid substrate. The graphite film is formed to be substantially free of lattice defects.

Abstract: The lifetime of a fluidized bed reactor containing silicon particles, for the production of chlorosilanes is greatly extended by armoring at least a portion of the reactor shell interior wall with expanded metal coated with a cement containing ceramic particles.

Abstract: A subject of this invention is to provide a dispersion liquid of a silica-based composite particle, which can rapidly polish silica film, Si wafer or even hard-to-process material, can concurrently achieve high surface accuracy (less scratches, etc.), and can suitably be used for surface polishing of semiconductor devices including semiconductor substrate and wiring board, by virtue of its impurity-free nature. The subject is solved by a dispersion liquid of a silica-based composite particle that contains a silica-based composite particle that has a core particle mainly composed of amorphous silica, and bound thereto a ceria particle mainly composed of crystalline ceria, further has a silica film that covers them.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a rapid and economically viable process which is notable for efficient use of material, especially of the silylating agent, and by means of which organically modified lyo- or aerogels are obtained in a rapid and simple manner. This object is achieved by virtue of the invention providing a process for producing organically modified gels selected from lyo- and aerosols by (i) emulsifying a basic polar phase comprising water and starting materials for silicatic gels in a nonpolar phase containing a water-immiscible precursor for an active silylating agent, (ii) starting formation of gel and ageing by lowering the pH, and then (iii) starting the silylation and the exchange of solvent by lowering the pH. If the gels are aerogels, the gels provided can be used for thermal and/or acoustic insulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that mesoporous silica nanoparticles may be modified in pore size from the natural mesophase by generating mesoporous materials in binary, ternary or multiphase surfactant systems to produce biphasic, triphasic or multiphase mesoporous structures. Thus, the present invention relates to methods of producing biphase, triphasic and multiphase mesoporous structures with finely tuned mesopore size and protocells which are produced therefrom and mesoporous silica nanoparticles obtained therefrom. The resulting mesoporous nanostructures may be used to create protocells having unique cargo loading and release characteristics. Related protocells, pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic and diagnostic methods are also provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising synthetic mineral particles, such as silicate or phyllosilicate mineral particles, is presented. The composition can be prepared by a process in which a hydrogel precursor of the synthetic mineral particles is produced by a coprecipitation reaction between at least one compound comprising silicon, such as sodium metasilicate, and at least one compound comprising at least one metal element, such as a dicarboxylate salt of the formula M(R1—COO)2, wherein R1 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The coprecipitation reaction also takes place in the presence of at least one carboxylate salt of formula R2—COOM? wherein M? is Na or K, and R2 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A system, method, and articles of manufacture for a surface-modified transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC) composition, an improved electrode including the composition, and a manufacturing method for the composition which may include multiple chelation species (Che_x). The composition, compound, device, and uses thereof according to AxMn(y-k)Mjk[Mnm(CN)(6-p-q)(NC)p(Che_I)rq]z. CHE_GROUP (Vac)(1-z).nH2O, wherein CHE_GROUP includes one or more chelation materials selected from the group consisting of (Che_I)rw, (Che_II)sv, and combinations thereof, and wherein 0<j?4, 0?k?0.1, 0?(p+q)?6, 0<x?4, 0<y?1, 0<z?1, 0<w?0.2; ?3?r?3; 0<v?0.2; ?3?s?3; and 0?n?6; wherein x+2(y?k)+jk+(m+(r+1)q?6)z+wr+vs=0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF2). The present invention further relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing said high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF2), classified as acid grade, starting from fluorosilicic acid H2SiF6 (FSA) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Finally, the present invention relates to the use of said high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF2) in the industrial production of hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A chemical disinfection process for vehicles using chlorine dioxide and titanium dioxide with calculated re-treatment formulas and schedules based on bacterial infestation data. Systems and methods that include client devices and servers that monitor and control a chemical disinfection process. The system generates a surety arrangement that facilitates re-treatment and electronic notification alerts to chemical solution vendors, dealers and vehicle owners.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating valuable metal chlorides, particularly titanium tetrachloride and niobium pentachloride, from solid residues, in particular the filter dust generated during the chlorination of raw materials containing iron and titanium in the production of titanium dioxide using the chloride process.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a water purifier includes a storage device and a control unit. The storage device is configured to store discharge information that includes an amount of beverage discharged from the water purifier in a time slot of a predetermined period of time. The control unit is configured to analyze the discharge information, set the time slot in a power-saving schedule based on analysis of the discharge information, and control the water purifier to perform a power-saving operation based on determining that an operation time is within the time slot set in the power-saving schedule.

Abstract: A system and method for contaminant removal from water with biochar are disclosed. An example method includes loading biochar into a porous container. The example method also includes providing the porous container in a protective carrier. The example method also includes providing the porous container with the biochar within the protective carrier into a water body, waterway, or drainage area. The example method also includes sequestering at least some contaminants in the water body, waterway, or drainage area by the biochar in the container. The example method also includes removing the protective carrier with the porous container from the water body, waterway, or drainage area after the biochar has been loaded with nutrients, thereby physically removing the sequestered contaminants from the water body, waterway, or drainage area. The example method also includes providing the biochar loaded with nutrients for a secondary purpose.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for the disinfection of a flowing water sample using ultraviolet light.

Abstract: In an ion-exchange separation system, a single regeneration column provides for separation of anion and cation resins and the regeneration of both cation and anion resins with a very low level of cross-contamination. After regeneration most of the anion layer in the column is withdrawn, and most of the cation layer is withdrawn, but a portion of each layer adjacent to the interface between the layers remains in the column, to isolate these cross-contaminated portions from the regenerated resins. The withdrawn, regenerated anion and cation resins are placed back into the working vessel.

Abstract: Novel water softening products and methods of treating hard water are provided. The products comprise a chloride-free, organic salt and a chelating agent. The products are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions, while avoiding the formation of undesirable precipitates (e.g., low Ksp byproducts).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. Further provided are methods of using the device for selectively removing dissolved ions from water.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for coagulating and clarifying produced waters for use as boiler feed waters, for example for the generation of steam. The methods and compositions are especially useful for treatment of produced waters from steam-injection methods of tertiary oil recovery such as steam-assisted gravitational drainage. Disclosed are compositions comprising a first copolymer having a high molecular weight and bearing a low molar cationic charge and a second copolymer having a lower molecular weight and bearing a high molar cationic charge. The compositions are suitable for addition as coagulants to produced waters that have been treated by warm lime softening. Also disclosed are methods of treating produced waters from steam-injection oil recovery for use as boiler feed waters to generate steam in such steam injection methods.

Abstract: A water treatment system includes: an aeration tank for converting wastewater containing organic substances into sludge-laden treated water by aerobic treatment; an ozone supply unit for feeding ozone into the sludge-laden treated water drawn out from the aeration tank; and a bubble detector for detecting the condition of bubbles produced by reaction between the fed ozone and the sludge. The ozone treatment is controlled by utilizing as an indicator for sludge volume reduction effect the increase rate of bubbles detected by the bubble detector, so that the water treatment system is able to vary the amount of ozone feed depending on the conditions of water treatment.

Abstract: Microbial flora included in activated sludge in which a water treatment is performed is analyzed accurately. A computer of a microbial community analysis system includes an input unit configured to input a plurality of data groups including information indicating a nucleotide sequence of a gene of each of a plurality of microorganisms included in activated sludge in which a water treatment is performed; a similarity calculating unit configured to calculate a similarity between data groups on the basis of the nucleotide sequences included in the input data groups, and a coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate coordinates in a multidimensional space of each of the data groups on the basis of the calculated similarity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid filtering wastewater treatment device (100) comprising a first stage (101) with a freely drained fixed culture arranged directly above a second fixed water saturated culture stage (105), and a force aeration system (110) extending under the second stage. The invention also relates to a wastewater treatment method, as well as a process for sludge mineralization, implementing such a purification device.

Abstract: Methods of melting particulate feedstocks in a submerged combustion melter employing an arrangement of one or more submerged combustion burners emitting combustion products into turbulent molten material. Operating the burners such that there is established a turbulent melting region extending vertically from the floor to a splash region, the splash region extending vertically between the turbulent melting region and a head space region, the head space region extending vertically between the splash region and the melter ceiling, the ceiling positioned above the floor a height H2. Feeding the particulate feedstock into the splash region through one or more inlet ports, the inlet ports positioned at a height H1 measured from the floor, where H1/H2 ranges from about 0.33 to about 0.67. The SCM may have a baffle extending from the ceiling into the splash region. A particulate feedstock conduit may be employed, having an exit port in the splash region.

Abstract: A method of and system for forming a glass container, and an apparatus for sensing elongation of a parison in a blow mold of a glassware thrilling machine. A suspended parison is allowed to elongate in a mold along a central longitudinal axis. At least one position of a closed end of the parison is sensed within the mold before the closed end of the parison contacts a transversely extending surface in the mold. A process parameter is adjusted responsive to the sensing step.

Abstract: A glass heating furnace is disclosed, comprising a furnace body, an interior of which is formed with a chamber; plural upper heating elements which are disposed in the chamber; plural lower heating elements, which are disposed in the chamber and are located oppositely below the upper heating elements; plural rollers, which are disposed in the chamber and are locate between the upper heating elements and the lower heating element to carry glass to be heated up; and a roller power module, which is disposed outside the furnace body and is connected with the rollers. The rollers are controlled by the roller power module to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise, driving glass to displace along a transversal direction. In addition, the upper heating elements and the lower heating elements are arranged in the chamber alternatingly and asymmetrically at an upper and lower position.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a means manufacturing a medical vial which contains a Type IA borosilicate glass as the raw material and in which the elution amount of silica into a high ionic strength solution decreases to be equal to or less than the silica elution amount in a Type IB borosilicate glass. [Solution] A method for manufacturing a medical vial is a method for manufacturing a medical vial including a fire blast process of applying a flame ejected from a point burner to a deteriorated layer generated on the inner surface of a vial, in which the vial is molded from a glass tube containing a Type IA borosilicate glass as the raw material and the molar ratio of oxides contained in the borosilicate glass satisfies ?=0.23±0.02 in ?=[(Na2O+K2O)—Al2O3]/B2O3 and satisfies ?=7.5±0.5 in ?=B2O3/Al2O3.

Abstract: The present disclosure is to provide a method of producing a LTP or LATP crystal particle that has reduced impurity contamination, high crystallinity, and excellent dispersibility. The method of producing a LTP or LATP crystal particle according to the present disclosure includes: preparing glass containing, in molar ratio, 1+x of Li2O, where 0?x?1, x of Al2O3, 4?2x of TiO2, 3+y of P2O5, where 1?y?4, and from more than y to less than 3y of ZnO; subjecting, after the preparation of glass, the glass to thermal treatment for crystallization; and selectively eluting a substance other than a LTP or LATP crystal through acid treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cutting and separating interior contours in thin substrates of transparent materials, in particular glass. The method involves the utilization of an ultra-short pulse laser to form perforation or holes in the strengthened (e.g., ion exchanged) glass substrate, that may be followed by use of another, focused, laser beam to promote full separation about the perforated line.

Abstract: A glass composite for use in Extreme Ultra-Violet Lithography (EUVL) is provided. The glass composite includes a first silica-titania glass section. The glass composite further includes a second doped silica-titania glass section mechanically bonded to a surface of the first silica-titania glass section, wherein the second doped silica-titania glass section has a thickness of greater than about 1.0 inch.

Abstract: Embodiments of glass ceramic articles and precursor glasses are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the glass-ceramic articles are transparent and include a nepheline phase and a phosphate phase. The glass-ceramic articles are colorless and exhibit a transmittance of about 70% or greater across the visible spectrum. The glass-ceramic articles may optionally include a lithium aluminosilicate phase. The crystals of the glass-ceramic articles may have a major cross-section of about 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A preparation method of lithium metasilicate glass ceramic, comprises (a) preparing a melt of glass matrix; (b) pouring the melt of glass matrix into a mould, and cooling to obtain a blank of glass matrix; (c) placing the blank of glass matrix in a heating device to carry out heat treatment, the process parameters of which include: heating to a temperature of 450-600° C. under a heating rate of 5-20° C./min, and keeping the temperature for 20-150 min; and cooling along with the heating device to obtain the lithium metasilicate glass ceramic after the heat treatment. Compared with the prior art, in the resulted lithium metasilicate glass ceramic, the main crystal phase of lithium metasilicate exhibits the crystal morphology of sphere which is in nano-size and uniform. The lithium metasilicate glass ceramic is low in crystallization degree, and thus has reduced hardness.

Abstract: A device includes a sheet of high purity fused silica that has a thickness of less than 500 ?m, where the sheet includes features in the sheet, wherein the features have a cross-sectional dimension of less than 50 ?m and a depth of at least 100 nm, wherein the features are spaced apart from one another by a distance of less than 50 ?m, and wherein the silica is free of indicia of grinding and polishing.

Abstract: A process for forming coating on an interior surface of a glass container. A glass preform is formed at blank molding station from a gob of molten glass. Thereafter, a glass container is formed at a blow molding station from the glass preform. A coating material comprising a suspension of nanoparticles in a liquid medium is introduced into an interior of the glass preform or the glass container while the glass is still hot from being formed. Heat from the glass is transferred to the liquid medium to vaporize the liquid medium and form a coating on an interior surface of the glass preform or the glass container. Thereafter, the glass container is annealed.

Abstract: There is provided a functional glass article having high abrasion resistance. The functional glass article comprising: a glass substrate having a first face and a second face on a back face of the first face; and a plurality of particles arranged on the first face and made of a material having a Mohs hardness of 7 or higher, each of the plurality of particles having a particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and the plurality of particles including a particle located partly inside the glass substrate, the first face with the plurality of particles having a higher Martens hardness by 150 N/mm2 or more than a Martens hardness of the second face.

Abstract: A method includes applying a coupling agent solution to a major surface of a continuously moving glass ribbon to form a coupling agent coated region of the glass ribbon. The glass ribbon is a flexible glass ribbon having a thickness of at most about 300 ?m. The method includes heating the coupling agent coated region of the glass ribbon to form a coupling agent treated region of the glass ribbon and winding the glass ribbon onto a collection roll. A glass ribbon has a thickness of at most about 300 ?m and a major surface. At least a portion of the major surface includes a coupling agent treated region. Upon forming a polymeric layer on the coupling agent treated region at least five months after forming the coupling agent treated region, the polymeric layer has a peel force of at least 200 gf/in.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a multilayer coating, comprising at least one metal oxide layer; and a composite layer provided on said metal oxide layer, said composite layer comprising at least one metal layer disposed between at least two barrier layers, and wherein said barrier layers are substantially impermeable to oxygen. The multilayer coating may be useful as transparent heat reflectors on glass, plastic, and on low temperature processing transparent substrate for energy saving application.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coated article including a low-emissivity (low-E) coating. In certain example embodiments, the low-E coating is provided on a substrate (e.g., glass substrate) and includes at least first and second infrared (IR) reflecting layers (e.g., silver based layers) that are spaced apart by contact layers (e.g., NiCr based layers) and a dielectric layer of or including a material such as silicon nitride. In certain example embodiments, the coated article has a low visible transmission (e.g., no greater than 60%, more preferably no greater than about 55%, and most preferably no greater than about 50%).

Abstract: Glass-based articles article are described and have a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) (mm); and a compressive stress (CS) layer containing ion-exchanged potassium and ion-exchanged silver or ion-exchanged potassium and ion-exchanged copper, the CS layer extending from the first surface to a depth of compress (DOC), wherein the DOC is in a range of 0.1·t and 0.3·t, the CS at the first surface in a range of 300 MPa and 1500 MPa and defining a compressive stress profile including a spike region, a tail region and a knee region between the spike region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the spike region comprise a tangent having a value that is in a range of ?15 MPa/micrometer and ?200 MPa/micrometer and all points in the tail region comprise a tangent having a value that is in a range of ?0.01 MPa/micrometer and ?3 MPa/micrometer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an optical fiber includes forming an optical fiber by forming a plurality of resin-coating layers around a glass fiber including a core part and a cladding part, and forming a marking on an outermost layer, which is a colored layer having pigment, of the plurality of resin-coating layers by melting or scorching a surface of the outermost layer with a laser.

Abstract: Method to artificially agglomerate finely divided materials. A method to agglomerate finely divided material into aggregates, the aggregates being larger than the finely divided material, comprising the steps of (a) mixing finely divided material, binder and water in a mixer, (b) adding an agglomerating agent to the mix formed in step (a) and mixing constantly. Finely divided material is selected from the group consisting of cement, sand, clay, glass, slag, fly ash, stone powder, bypass dust, limestone, silica fume, crushed brick, brick powder and crushed stone or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for making a cement, the cement containing a naturally occurring silicate bound in an organic binder, and a metal oxide. An example process includes dissolving the organic binder at least in part, using an effective amount of a chemical activator. An example process also includes providing the silicate to react with other components of the cement. An example process also includes providing the silicate to participate in crystal growth. An example process also includes providing the silicate so that the cement is a structural load bearing cement.

Abstract: An example cement includes a naturally occurring silicate bound in an organic binder, a metal oxide, and a chemical activator. The chemical activator is in an effective amount, for dissolving the binder, at least in part, so that the silicate reacts with other components of the cement, the silicate participates in crystal growth; and the cement is a structural load bearing cement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick and low-stress setting chemical formulation for construction, containing at least one binding agent on the basis of calcium sulfate, at least an ettringite-forming agent, at least one activator, at least one filler, at least one redispersable dispersion powder and optionally additives and to the use of the chemical formulation for construction for producing thin-layered balancing masses, self running and solid fillers, screed binding agents or screed mortars, tile adhesive mortars, jointing mortars and sealing sludges.

Abstract: A refractory article can include a body including a content of alumina of at least 60 wt %, a content of silica of not greater than 20 wt %, a content of zirconia of not greater than 20 wt % for a total weight of the body. In a particular embodiment, the body includes a third phase including composite grains including mullite and zirconia. The third phase including the composite grains can be present within a range including at least 1 wt % and not greater than 35 wt % for a total weight of the body.

Abstract: A cermet material, including a plurality of ceramic particles defining a ceramic portion; and a plurality of high magnetic permeability metallic particles distributed throughout the ceramic portion to define an admixture. The ceramic particles and the metallic particles are generally the same size and shape. Each respective high magnetic permeability metallic particle has a magnetic permeability of at least 0.0001 H/m. The ceramic particles are selected from the group consisting of zirconia, yttria stabilized zirconia, zirconia toughened alumina, alumina, gadolinium oxide, TiB2, ZrB2, HfB2, TaB2, TiC, Cr3C2, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A cermet body, including a ceramic portion and a plurality of high magnetic permeability magnetic metallic particles distributed throughout the ceramic portion. Each respective high magnetic permeability magnetic metallic particle has a magnetic permeability of at least 0.0001 H/m. The magnetic metallic particles define a contiguous metallic phase, wherein the cermet body enjoys sufficient bulk electrical conductivity to be machined via electrical discharge machining.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for making a bonded refractory material, the methods comprising preparing a slurry comprising glass precursor particles having an average particle size ranging from about 1 nm to about 200 nm; combining zirconia particles with the slurry to form a batch composition comprising at least about 80% by weight of zirconia; forming a green body from the batch composition; and sintering the green body to form a sintered refractory material. Sintered high-zirconia refractory materials can comprise at least about 80% by weight of zirconia having an average grain size of 100 microns or less, wherein the zirconia is interspersed in a glassy phase, and wherein the sintered refractory materials comprise about 15% or less by weight of the glassy phase. Melting vessels having at least one interior surface comprising such sintered zirconia refractory materials are further disclosed herein.