Abstract: A method for producing a pressure sensor comprises providing a substrate with a depression; attaching a micromechanical sensor element to the substrate in the depression; attaching an evaluation circuit to the substrate next to the depression; electrically connecting the evaluation circuit to the sensor element; covering the substrate around the depression by means of a potting die such that the depression is closed; potting the evaluation circuit between the substrate and the potting die; and removing the potting die.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an ovenized platform and a fabrication process thereof. Specifically, the invention relates to an ovenized hybrid Si/SiO2 platform compatible with typical CMOS and MEMS fabrication processes and methods of its manufacture. Embodiments of the invention may include support arms, CMOS circuitry, temperature sensors, IMUs, and/or heaters among other elements.

Abstract: A process for subsequent surface modification of finely structured structures formed from hard inorganic materials, and the structures obtainable by this process as such. The structure has, in at least one spatial direction, a material thickness M of not more than 1000 nm and as an overall structure having, in at least one spatial direction, a measurement which is at least 5 times the material thickness M. The process includes treating the structures with an organic liquid under supercritical conditions.

Abstract: Provided are processes for production of hydrogen to be used in various industrial processes, including in processes for production of ammonia and urea. Included are polygeneration processes that result in ultra-low emissions.

Abstract: Provided is a ternary inorganic compound crystal having a molecular formula of Ca8Al12P2O31, and a preparation method thereof comprising the following steps: weighing calcium salts, aluminum salts and phosphate respectively according to the molar ratio of calcium, aluminum and phosphorus in the molecular formula Ca8Al12P2O31; calcining at 1550˜1570° C., cooling, and grinding to obtain the ternary inorganic compound crystal. Also provided is an application of the ternary inorganic compound in gelling materials and molecular sieves, nonlinear optical crystals, and photochromic materials.

Abstract: The present invention includes an apparatus and a method of making a three dimensional graphite structure with a controlled porosity comprising: plating a metal layer on at least one of a nickel, an iron or a cobalt foam substrate; annealing the metal and the nickel, iron or cobalt foam into a porous metal-nickel, iron or cobalt catalyst, wherein the catalyst has a smooth and a porous surface; etching the smooth surface of the annealed porous metal-nickel, iron or cobalt catalyst; growing a carbonaceous layer on the porous surface of the annealed porous metal-nickel, iron or cobalt catalyst; and completely etching the porous metal-nickel, iron or cobalt catalyst to obtain the graphite layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly oriented graphitic film, consisting of (a) preparing a dispersion having graphene oxide (GO) or chemically functionalized graphene (CFG) dispersed in a liquid to form a liquid crystal phase (but not in a GO gel state); (b) depositing the dispersion onto a supporting substrate to form a layer of GO or CFG under an orientation-inducing stress; (c) removing the liquid to form a dried GO or CFG layer having an inter-plane spacing d002 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm; (d) thermally reducing the dried layer at a first temperature higher than 100° C. to produce a porous layer of reduced GO or CFG; (e) further heat-treating the porous layer at a second temperature to produce a porous graphitic film having an inter-plane spacing d002 less than 0.4 nm; and (f) compressing the porous graphitic film to produce the highly oriented graphitic film.

Abstract: Provided are methods of depositing silicon-containing films utilizing certain precursors at temperatures of 400° C. or higher. Certain methods comprise exposing a substrate surface to a silicon precursor and another precursor to achieve various films. Examples of silicon-containing films which can be deposited include SiN, SiC, SiO2, SiCN, etc.

Abstract: Method for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method includes preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing hexagonal ferrite powder includes preparing a hexagonal ferrite precursor by mixing an iron salt and a divalent metal salt in a water-based solution, and converting the hexagonal ferrite precursor into hexagonal ferrite within a reaction flow passage, within which a fluid flowing therein is subjected to heating and pressurizing, by continuously feeding a water-based solution containing the hexagonal ferrite precursor and gelatin to the reaction flow passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for methods for preparing ruthenium nanoparticles characterized by face centered cubic crystallographic structure characterized by small particle size, substantially homogeneous particle size distribution, substantially uniform spherical shape, and substantial high temperature stability. The present disclosure further provides for methods for preparing ruthenium nanoparticles characterized by face hexagonal close packed crystallographic structure characterized by small particle size, substantially homogeneous particle size distribution, substantially uniform spherical shape, and substantial high temperature stability.

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus usable in a seawater desalination system. The energy recovery apparatus includes a plurality of chambers to pressurize the seawater by pressure energy of the concentrated seawater by supply and discharging the concentrated seawater and the seawater, a first flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater which flows into the chamber, a second flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater discharged from the chamber, a switching valve in each of the chambers to switch the inflow and the discharge of the concentrated seawater, and a controller to control the respective switching valves of the chambers on the basis of integrated flow rate of the chamber obtained from the flow rate of the flowmeter. The controller inputs a single input signal to the respective switching valves of the chambers to control the respective switching valves.

Abstract: A water treatment device generates a bubble in water to be treated inside a treatment tank, and treats the water to be treated through use of radicals that are generated by bubble electric discharge caused via the bubble. The water treatment device includes main electrodes for forming a main discharge area between a first main electrode and a second main electrode, auxiliary electrodes for forming a preliminary discharge area between a first auxiliary electrode and a second auxiliary electrode, and a bubble generator generating a bubble in water to be treated through use of an externally supplied gas. When a bubble generated by the bubble generator passes through the preliminary discharge area, discharge is caused via the bubble, and, when the bubble in an excited state subsequently passes through the main discharge area, the bubble causes discharge again to generate radicals.

Abstract: A composite is provided, the composite comprises a carbon support, and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) immobilized on the carbon support for selectively removing phosphorus. An electrode for electrochemical removal of phosphorus, and methods and apparatuses for electrochemical purification by utilizing the electrode are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods for removing a PFC by concentration and separation. In an exemplary method, a PFC in an aqueous solution or in a mixed water-organic solvent solution can be adsorbed onto a surface of a floc generated by electroflocculation, to form sludge. The sludge containing the PFC can be centrifuged to separate the PFC from the sludge and to form a concentrated PFC solution. Eelectroflocculation provides a simple process that is easy to operate. Reaction conditions are mild. Energy consumption is low. Treatment effect is desirable, stable, and reliable. Industrial application can be easy to implement. Further, the centrifugal separation technology used for the harmless treatment of the generated PFC-containing sludge is novel and does not need to use chemicals. Further, dewatering of the sludge is achieved at the same time during the harmless treatment. The needed equipment is simple and can be automatically operated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment. In one embodiment there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method comprises adding treatment agents to said aqueous system and wherein said treatment agents comprise: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) an nitro compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds and methods for use in removing phosphate from water. Preferably the compound is used in removing phosphate from water in swimming pools, spas, and similar structures. Several water treatment techniques are disclosed, as well as a variety of different methods for delivery of the active ingredients. These delivery methods include use of a slurry of the active reagent in solution as well as a tablet, powder, or granulated structure. Additionally, the water treatment techniques may incorporate the use of a combination including both enzymatic compositions and compounds for phosphate removal.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for neutralizing corrosive fluids that discharge from several types of condensing appliances. The disclosed device comprises a flow enclosure and a flow channel concentrically aligned with an inlet connection positioned on an upper cap and aligned substantially perpendicular to an outlet connection also positioned on the upper cap, thus allowing the disclosed device to further serve as a gas trap. Replacement of the neutralizing media housed within the flow enclosure may proceed without disconnecting the device at the inlet.

Abstract: The disclosed lagoon biological treatment system helps existing wastewater treatment facilities meet stricter discharge permits mandated by the EPA utilizing a facility's existing wastewater treatment infrastructure. Influent is pumped into and processed in an aerated or non-aerated lagoon system, thus initially treating the wastewater to remove BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) down to approximately 20-30 mg/L. Then the wastewater is transferred to and processed in a nitrification reactor that is designed to maintain a minimum water temperature needed to further treat the wastewater to stricter EPA standards. Wastewater may also be further processed in a denitrifying reactor if necessary to meet local requirement. Finally, effluent water is sent to a settling lagoon for final clarification prior to discharge.

Abstract: A wastewater disposal method using a two-way oxygen supply horizontal-flow biofilm includes a carrier that is formed of a permeable material so that oxygen is supplied to the biofilm from the bottom layer of the biofilm adjacent to the surface of the carrier, so as to achieve a mode of simultaneously supplying oxygen from the surface layer and the bottom layer of the biofilm. Wastewater disposal equipment using a two-way oxygen supply horizontal-flow biofilm includes a water intake system, a reaction system and a water discharge system.

Abstract: The present invention provides Biological Double efficiency Product (BDP) sewage denitrogenation treatment systems and methods.

Abstract: Cations that can precipitate from an aqueous composition to produce scaling are sequestered by adding a multi-dentate ligand to the aqueous composition. The multi-dentate ligand bonds with the cation to form a non-scaling ionic complex; and the aqueous solution with the ionic complex is used in a process that produces substantially pure water from the aqueous composition, where the cation, absent formation of the ionic complex, is subject to scaling. The pH of the aqueous composition (or a brine including components of the aqueous composition) is then reduced to release the cation from the multi-dentate ligand; and the multi-dentate ligand, after the cation is released, is then reused in a predominantly closed loop.

Abstract: Pasteurization system with purification of the process liquid, with a feed and evacuation conveyor system for containers. At least one treatment zone with sprinkling nozzles to spray the containers with a process liquid such as water, the treatment zone including a screening unit with a sedimentation area for the deposition of sediment from the process liquid, a closed-loop circuit to re-use the process liquid, with devices to remove the sediment from the sedimentation area for each zone and to feed the sediment into a central filter unit. The central filter unit has at least one filter module for the filtration of solid matter from the inputted sediment so that the filtered process liquid is conserved. Devices to return the filtered process liquid to one or several treatment zones are also provided.

Abstract: Method for treating water, containing organic matter characterized in that it comprises a step of adsorption of the organic matter contained in said water, in which this water is put into contact with an amagnetic ion-exchanging resin in an infinitely stirred tank (1); the filtering of the mixture of water and resin within the tank (1) and the discharging of filtered water from this tank, the filtering being implemented through at least one screen (4) provided within the tank (1) enabling the resin to be contained in the infinitely stirred tank; the periodic cleansing of the screen (4) consisting of the separation, from this screen, of the saturated resin that has collected thereon; the drawing off (18) of saturated resin from the tank (1); the regenerating (6) of at least a part of the saturated resin thus drawn off; the recycling (7) of said resin thus regenerated in the tank (1); a step of ballasted coagulation/flocculation (12, 13) and separation (14) comprising the addition of coagulant reagent (12b), fl

Abstract: A methane fermentation method having the steps of finely pulverizing an organic substance adjusted such that a moisture content of the organic substance is equal to or less than 10%, in a wet bead mill; supplying the organic substance which is finely pulverized in the pulverization step to a methane fermentation chamber and decomposing the organic substance with an anaerobic microorganism to cause methane fermentation so as to generate methane gas; separating, with a UF membrane, a digestive fluid after the methane fermentation in the methane fermentation step into a concentrated liquid and a permeation liquid; returning the concentrated liquid separated in the separation step to the methane fermentation chamber; and agitating the contents of the methane fermentation chamber with a water flow produced by the return of the concentrated liquid in the return step.

Abstract: Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems include a melter having a floor, a roof, a wall structure connecting the floor and roof, and an exhaust passage through the roof. One or more submerged combustion burners are mounted in the floor and/or wall structure discharging combustion products under a level of material being melted in the melter and create turbulent conditions in the material. The melter exhausts through an exhaust structure connecting the exhaust passage with an exhaust stack. The exhaust structure includes a barrier defining an exhaust chamber having an interior surface, the exhaust chamber having a cross-sectional area greater than that of the exhaust stack but less than the melter. The barrier maintains temperature and pressure in the exhaust structure at values sufficient to substantially prevent condensation of exhaust material on the interior surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing a tube of glass by zonewise heating and softening of a hollow cylinder by a movable heating zone while rotating about its rotation axis. The glass tube is continuously formed by radial expansion of the softened region under action of centrifugal force and/or internal overpressure applied in the hollow-cylinder bore. The method and apparatus make it possible to deform the hollow cylinder in a single or a small number of forming steps into a glass tube having a larger outer diameter and high dimensional accuracy by determining a circumferential position at which the wall thickness is comparatively small, and during heating and softening of the rotating hollow cylinder a coolant is dispensed from a coolant source onto the deformation zone only when or predominantly when the circumferential position having the comparatively small wall thickness passes the coolant source.

Abstract: An electric glass hot shop system is described herein that has at least one electrically powered heating unit (e.g., electric furnace, electric glory hole, electric pipe warmer, electric color box, electric annealer, electric crucible kiln) used in the processing of glass.

Abstract: A brittle plate processing method includes having a first portion of a brittle plate supported flat on a flat part of a support member that supports a first surface of the brittle plate, pressing a cutter against a second surface of the brittle plate opposite to the first surface, and forming a scribe line in the second surface of the brittle plate by moving the cutter and the support member relative to each other. In pressing the cutter, the cutter is pressed to a predetermined position on a second portion of the brittle plate other than the first portion. When the cutter is pressed to the predetermined position on the second portion of the brittle plate, the shape of the brittle plate due to bending deformation is defined by a defining part of the support member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heat treating and processing an edge of a large thin glass sheet used for a liquid crystal TV or the like. The method for processing an edge of a glass substrate according to the present invention is characterized by cutting an edge of a glass substrate by bringing a heated member into contact with the edge of the glass substrate that is cooled, and then moving the heated member. According to the present invention, provided is a new method of removing the edge of glass in a strip shape without producing dust. Also, according to the method of the present invention, since it is unnecessary to heat the glass at a high temperature, a large furnace is not necessary. Further, since a post-processing operation such as preheating or annealing is unnecessary, the manufacturing process is highly simplified.

Abstract: A heat-absorbing glass plate containing iron, tin, selenium, cobalt and sulfur, where the mass ratio of divalent iron as calculated as Fe2O3 to total iron as calculated as Fe2O3 is at least 55%, the ratio Tv/Te of the visible light transmittance Tv (by illuminant A, 2° visual field) as defined in JIS R3106 (1998) calculated as 4 mm thickness of the glass plate to the solar transmittance Te as defined in JIS R3106 (1998) calculated as 4 mm thickness of the glass plate, is at least 1.5, the visible light transmittance Tv (by illuminant A, 2° visual field) is at most 65% as defined in JIS R3106 (1998) calculated as 4 mm thickness of the glass plate, and the excitation purity Pe is at most 7% as defined in JIS Z8701 (1999) calculated as 4 mm thickness of the glass plate.

Abstract: Embodiments of thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based articles may include a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t), a first CS region comprising a concentration of a metal oxide that is both non-zero and varies along a portion of the thickness, and a second CS region being substantially free of the metal oxide of the first CS region, the second CS region extending from the first surface to a depth of compression of about 0.17·t or greater. In one or more embodiments, the first surface is flat to 100 ?m total indicator run-out (TIR) along any 50 mm or less profile of the first surface. Methods of strengthening glass sheets are also disclosed, along with consumer electronic products, laminates and vehicles including the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide glass compositions, fiberizable glass compositions, and glass fibers formed from such compositions, as well as glass strands, yarns, fabrics, and composites comprising such glass fibers adapted for use in various applications. In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass compositions additionally include at least one rare earth oxide.

Abstract: An article comprises a body having a coating. The coating comprising a eutectic system having a super-lattice of a first fluoride and a second fluoride. The coating includes a glaze on a surface of the coating, the glaze comprising the eutectic system having the super-lattice of the first fluoride and the second fluoride.

Abstract: A single glass panel for a fire door and a double glazed glass panel for a fire door that have a fireproofness with which the glass sheet passes an international standard ISO 0834 flame insulating performance test and are as inexpensive as possible. For example, the single glass panel for a fire door is obtained by forming a heat reflecting coating with a low emissivity on at least one surface of a glass sheet that is a heat strengthened glass sheet or is more thermally strengthened than a heat strengthened glass sheet, and the double glazed glass panel for a fire door includes a first glass sheet (2B) obtained by forming a heat reflecting coating (4) with an emissivity of 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layer pyrolytic coating stack deposited on a tinted glass substrate to form a coated glass article exhibiting a desired combination of emissivity, visible light transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient. A method for depositing the multi-layer coating stack on the tinted glass substrate is also part of the invention.

Abstract: A process and device separate off a volatile component from the off-gases in cement clinker production. Raw materials for cement clinker production are passed through a preheater with heat exchange with the off-gases and are then burnt in a rotary kiln. Owing to the heating in the preheater, the volatile component bound in the raw materials is vaporized and separated off. A first raw material stream having a relatively high concentration of the volatile component is applied to a first line of the preheater and a second raw material stream having a lower concentration of the volatile component is applied to a second line. The volatile component is separated off from the first substream of the off-gases. The first raw material stream heated to a temperature of at least 250° C. with the first substream of the off gases in the first line is combined with the second raw material stream.

Abstract: A cementitious composition includes (i) white Portland cement having a Blaine fineness between about 350 m2/kg and about 550 m2/kg, a D90 between about 11 ?m and about 50 ?m, and a total combined iron oxide, manganese oxide, and chromium oxide content of less than 1.0% by weight and (ii) a light color ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) having a Blaine fineness greater than the Blaine fineness of the white Portland cement, a D90 less than the D90 of the white Portland cement, and a total combined iron oxide, manganese oxide, and chromium oxide content of less than 2.0% by weight. The cementitious composition may optionally include at least one of additional SCM, aggregate, fibers, or admixture. The cementitious composition can be a dry blend, a fresh cementitious mixture, or hardened cementitious composition. The cementitious composition can be precast concrete, stucco, GFRC, UHPC or SCC.

Abstract: Porous aluminosilicate geopolymers having a desired molar ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminum oxide are prepared by mixing an aluminosilicate powder in an alkaline silicate solution, placing into a sealed container, and then curing. The desired density and compressive strength of the geopolymer are achieved by varying the excess of alkaline silicate and by varying the curing temperature. The desired pore size distribution of the geopolymer is achieved by varying the curing conditions.

Abstract: A composition having nanoparticles of a boron carbide and a carbonaceous matrix. The composition is not in the form of a powder. A composition comprising boron and an organic component. The organic component is an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight or a thermoset made from the organic compound. A method of combining boron and an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight, and heating to form boron carbide or boron nitride nanoparticles.

Abstract: A ceramic precursor batch composition, green ware formed thereof, porous ceramic honeycomb article formed thereof, and methods of making same.

Abstract: A biogas plant produces both methane and liquid fertilizer by fermenting biomass. The plant includes a fermenter, a percolate tank and a sanitation tank located inside the percolate tank. Dry fermentation takes place in the fermenter and generates methane and a percolate. The percolate is circulated between the fermenter and the percolate tank. Percolate that is returned from the percolate tank to the fermenter is sprinkled over the biomass. A portion of the percolate is transferred from the percolate tank into the sanitation tank. The percolate in the sanitation tank is sanitized by heating to a Celsius temperature between 45° and 65° for a period of at least five days. The percolate in the sanitation tank is heated using both a heating device in the sanitation tank as well as heat generated from a thermophilic fermentation reaction occurring in the percolate tank. The sanitized percolate is used as liquid fertilizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for restabilizing free-radically polymerizable monomers. The process comprises the steps: (a) introduction of a solution of an inhibitor of the free-radical polymerization by means of an inert pressurized gas into a vessel (1) comprising the monomers via a line (10) which comprises an ascending region, and (b) mixing of the contents of the vessel and the inhibitor solution by blowing gas through the line (10). In step (a), the flow velocity of the pressurized gas is set so that plug flow or annular flow is obtained as flow regime of the inhibitor solution and in step (b) the superficial gas velocity is set to ?0.1 mm/s. The present invention further relates to a supply unit (11) for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A catalyst system and processes for combined aromatization and selective hydrogen combustion of oxygenated hydrocarbons are disclosed. The catalyst system contains at least one aromatization component and at least one selective hydrogen combustion component. The process is such that the yield of hydrogen is less than the yield of hydrogen when contacting the hydrocarbons with the aromatization component alone.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for converting a mixture of hydrocarbon and sulfur-containing molecules such as mercaptan into products comprising acetylene, ethylene, and hydrogen sulfide, to processes utilizing the acetylene and ethylene resulting from the conversion, and to equipment useful for such processes.

Abstract: A plant for producing ethylene having a reactor to effect oxidative coupling of methane, a work-up unit connected to the reactor to separate a first material stream produced by the reactor into a C1? material stream and an ethylene product stream and a separation unit connected to the work-up unit to separate the C1? material stream into a hydrogen-rich product stream and a hydrogen-lean residual gas stream. The plant also includes a steam cracker to produce (5) for producing an olefin-containing and hydrogen-containing crude gas stream. The steam cracker is connected to the work-up unit that separates the crude gas stream along with the first material stream into the C1? material stream and the ethylene product stream. A portion of the residual gas stream is recycled to the reactor. A process for producing ethylene using the plant is also described.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the conversion of methane to higher molecular weight (C5+) hydrocarbon, including aromatic hydrocarbon, to materials and equipment useful in such conversion, and to the use of such conversion for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of a feed of hydrocarbons containing polyunsaturated molecules comprising at least 3 carbon atoms, using a single principal fixed bed reactor R1 containing at least two catalytic beds A1 and A2 and a fixed bed guard reactor which is reduced in size, said hydrogenation reactors being disposed in series for use in a cyclic manner in accordance with a sequence of steps which can be used to short-circuit the catalytic bed or beds of the principal reactor which have been at least partially deactivated with the aid of the guard reactor, while ensuring the continuous operation of the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, comprising the steps of: A) providing an input gas stream a comprising n-butenes, B) feeding the input gas stream a comprising n-butenes and a gas containing at least oxygen into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, giving a product gas stream b comprising butadiene, unconverted n-butenes, water vapor, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons and high-boiling secondary components, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases; Ca) cooling the product gas stream b by contacting with a cooling medium in at least one cooling zone, the cooling medium being at least partly recycled and having an aqueous phase and an organic phase of an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, mesitylene, mono-, di- and triethylbenzene, mono-, di- and triisopropylbenzene and mixtures thereof, and the mass ratio of

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compounds and methods for inhibiting the radical polymerization of unsaturated compounds, particularly vinyl monomers. More particularly, it relates to the use of cinnamyl quinone methides to inhibit the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds (e.g., vinyl monomers) soluble in organic solvents, particularly hydrocarbon streams.