Abstract: DNA is sequenced by (a) independently sequencing first and second strands of a dsDNA to obtain corresponding first and second sequences; and (b) combining the first and second sequences to generate a consensus sequence of the dsDNA. By independently sequencing first and second strands the error probability of the consensus sequence approximates a multiplication of those of the first and second sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive which can be added to buffers used in nucleotide detection processes and improved methods of nucleic acid sequencing using this additive. In particular the invention relates to use of the additive to improve the efficiency of fluorescence-based multiple cycle nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Abstract: Network-based meta-analysis of four independent microarray studies identified the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF4A), a transcription factor associated with gluconeogenesis and diabetes, as a central regulatory hub gene upregulated in blood of PD patients. In parallel, the polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), involved in the stabilization and mRNA translation of insulin, was identified as the most downregulated gene. Using both markers, PD patients were classified with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Longitudinal performance analysis demonstrated that relative abundance of HNF4A and PTBP1 mRNAs significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in PD patients during 3 years follow up period. The inverse regulation of HNF4A and PTBP1 provides a molecular rationale for the altered insulin signaling observed in PD patients. The longitudinally dynamic biomarkers identified in this study may be useful for monitoring disease-modifying therapies for PD.

Abstract: Methods and products are provided for determining if a subject having a tumor is (i) at risk of metastasis of the tumor, or (ii) at risk of recurrence of the tumor after treatment of the tumor. Methods of treatment of cancer, tumors and metastasis are also provided.

Abstract: The identification of pre-defined mutations expected to be present in a minor fraction of a cell population is important for a variety of basic research and clinical applications. The exponential, analog nature of the polymerase chain reaction is transformed into a linear, digital signal suitable for this purpose. Single molecules can be isolated by dilution and individually amplified; each product is then separately analyzed for the presence of pre-defined mutations. The process provides a reliable and quantitative measure of the proportion of variant sequences within a DNA sample.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials related to a gene expression-based survival predictor for DLBCL patients.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of quantifying microflora in vaginal samples. Quantitative assessment of vaginal microflora by real-time PCR to create a profiling of Lactobacillus species, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera Type 1 and Type 2 and BVAB2 permits evaluation of bacterial vaginosis. Kits containing reagents for quantitative assessment of microflora are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention compositions, methods and systems to identify, detect, and/or quantify bacterial DNA in the presence of contaminating non-bacterial DNA. In particular, the present invention provides oligonucleotides configured to detect a relatively small amount of bacterial DNA in the presence of an overwhelmingly large amount of contaminating human DNA.

Abstract: Method for the rapid detection of the presence or absence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and other members of the MTB-complex in a biological or non-biological sample are described. The methods can include performing an amplifying step, a hybridizing step, and a detecting step. Furthermore, primers, probes targeting the esxJ gene, along with kits are provided that are designed for the detection of MTB.

Abstract: There is disclosed a PCR-based test kit and PCR process for identification of multiple clonal sub-species lineages of infectious bacteria, such as uropathogenic E. coli causing cystitis. pyelonephritis and urosepsis, for the purposes of predicting antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. More specifically, there is further disclosed a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) identification process that simultaneously detect compilations of the presence of absence of predictive SNPs within mutated loci of infectious bacterial clonal subspecies variants, such as the fumC/fimH loci of the E. coli bacterium. This disclosure provides a PCR detection kit incorporating a SNP compilation that forms a BFC (Binary Footprint Code) that allows for rapid identification of multiple infectious bacterial clonotypes based on their SNP footprint. More specifically there is disclosed a clonotyping method for clonal typing E.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis in a woman, which involves determining an amount of each of more than one BV-associated bacterium in a vaginal sample obtained from the female and assessing a BV status of the female based on the amount of each of the more than one BV-associated bacterium in the sample.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for detecting Babesia microti using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Abstract: The present technology provides methods and kits that may be used to detect and quantify the presence of Coccidioides species. The methods include quantification real-time PCR assays, and the kits and compositions include oligonucleotides used as primers and probes.

Abstract: This invention relates to primers and probes for detecting Ebola virus and one or more subtypes of Ebola virus as well as kits including the probes and primers and methods of using the probes and primers.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved methods and compositions for the nucleic acid amplification of one or multiple variants (strains) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) present in a sample, and preferably in a sample from a pathogen infected individual. In particular, novel primers, methods and kits for the amplification of one or more species of HIV Rev, Gag and Nef nucleic acids are provided. The amplified HIV nucleic acid can be used to identify and/or quantitate HIV variants present in a sample. Nucleic acids produced by the methods of the invention or the proteins encoded thereby can also be used directly as vaccines or to transfect/load antigen presenting cells. The loaded antigen presenting cells can be used as a vaccine for the treatment or prevention of HIV infection.

Abstract: A sulfonatocalixarene tanning agent for leather tanning and a preparation method comprises: using resorcinol and aldehyde monomers as raw materials for the tanning agent; adding an ethanol solution into the resorcinol, dropwise adding an inorganic strong acid catalyst and aldehyde derivatives, heating to react, cooling, carrying out suction filtration, repeatedly washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain resorcinol calixarene; and weighing the resorcinol calixarene, and adding a sulfonating agent to react, thereby obtaining a sulfonatocalixarene tanning agent aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for forming chrome-free retanned leather including: (a) contacting wet white with from 1% to 8%, by solids weight, based on the wet weight of wet white, retanning agent selected from the group consisting of: i) an aqueous emulsion polymer including, as copolymerized units, from 2% to 35%, by weight, based on the weight of the emulsion polymer, ethylenically-unsaturated monomer bearing at least one epoxy group, the emulsion polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 100,000; ii) a compound selected from the group comprising piperazine, piperazine hydrates, salts of piperazine, and combinations thereof; and iii) combinations of i) and ii); (b) heating the contacted wet white; and (c) drying the contacted, heated wet white is provided. The present application also relates to chrome-free retanned leather formed by the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron using coke oven gas, including: dividing coke oven gas from a coke oven gas source into a plurality of coke oven gas streams; providing a first coke oven gas stream to a hydrogen enrichment unit to form a hydrogen-rich product stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of a reducing gas stream; and providing a tail gas stream from the hydrogen enrichment unit to a reforming reactor to form a reformed gas stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of the reducing gas stream. Optionally, a spent top gas stream from the reduction shaft furnace is cleansed of CO2 and recycled back to the reducing gas stream.

Abstract: A high-strength spring steel wire is provided which secures excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance even when the adding amount of alloy elements is suppressed, and has 80 area % or more of tempered martensite and 1,900 MPa or more of the tensile strength, in which a predetermined chemical composition is satisfied, with C and Si satisfying the relation of the expression (1) below, with prior austenite grain size number being No. 10 or more, and with the hydrogen absorption amount being 14.0 ppm or more. 0.73%?[C]+[Si]/8?0.90%??(1) where [C] and [Si] express the content (mass %) of C and Si respectively.

Abstract: A multi-phase hot-rolled steel sheet has a metallurgical structure having a main phase of ferrite with an average grain diameter of at most 3.0 ?m and a second phase including at least one of martensite, bainite, and austenite. In the surface layer, the average grain diameter of the second phase is at most 2.0 ?m, the difference (?nHav) between the average nanohardness of the main phase (nH?av) and the average nanohardness of the second phase (nH2nd av) is 6.0-10.0 GPa, the difference (??nH) of the standard deviation of the nanohardness of the second phase from the standard deviation of the nanohardness of the main phase is at most 1.5 GPa, and in the central portion, the difference (?nHav) between the average nanohardnesses is at least 3.5 GPa to at most 6.0 GPa and the difference (??nH) between the standard deviations of the nanohardnesses is at least 1.5 GPa.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel sheet includes a predetermined chemical composition, and includes a structure expressed by: an area fraction of ferrite: 95% or more; an area fraction of retained austenite and an area fraction of martensite: 1% to 3% in total; a product of the area fraction of retained austenite and a carbon concentration in retained austenite: 1 or more; a value of I(111)/{I(100)+I(110)} at a region where a depth from a surface is ¼ of a thickness of the cold-rolled steel sheet when intensity of a (hkl) plane is expressed by I(hkl): 2 or less.

Abstract: A sulfonamide based rare earth element ion separation media and method of synthesis and use are provided. A bed or column of sulfonamide resin for separations can be prepared by exposing a sulfonate resin to chlorosulfonic acid to form a sulfonyl chloride resin; exposing the sulfonyl chloride resin to aqueous ammonia to form a sulfonamide resin; and then packing the sulfonamide resin into a separation column. Mixtures of lanthanide and other rare earth ions with very similar atomic radii and characteristics can be separated by flowing a mixture of lanthanide ions through a bed of sulfonamide resin followed by a mobile phase of an organic acid such as lactic acid to elute the separated rare earth element ions separated by the sulfonamide resin. Collected fractions of eluate can also be recycled through the sulfonamide media.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for condensing vapour phase compounds or elements, typically metals such as magnesium, obtained by reduction processes.

Abstract: In an autoclave in a high pressure acid leaching process in which starting material slurry and sulfuric acid are stirred by stirring machines in each compartment in the autoclave partitioned by partition walls to proceed leaching, and slurry is transferred from a compartment on an upstream side to a compartment on a downstream side to sequentially proceed leaching, wherein starting material slurry supply tubes having the starting material slurry discharge ports and sulfuric acid supply tubes having sulfuric acid discharge ports are alternately disposed on a perimeter of stirring blades of the stirring machine provided in the compartment at an upstream end, and the starting material slurry and sulfuric acid are added to the compartment at the upstream end from the starting material slurry discharge ports and the sulfuric acid discharge ports positioned higher than an uppermost part of the stirring blades and lower than a contained liquid surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid scandium-containing material comprises providing an aqueous solution containing carbonate ions, carbamate ions, hydrogen carbonate (HCO3+) ions, or mixtures thereof, contacting the aqueous solution with a scandium containing material containing one or more impurities to produce a scandium-loaded solution and a depleted scandium containing material, separating the depleted scandium containing material from the scandium loaded solution, treating the scandium loaded solution to cause precipitation of a solid scandium-containing material while avoiding or minimizing precipitation of impurities present in the aqueous solution, and separating the solid scandium-containing material from the solution.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of constructing a three-dimensional part using metallic glass alloys, layer by layer, as well as metallic glass-forming materials designed for use therewith. In certain embodiments, a layer of metallic glass-forming powder or a sheet of metallic glass material is deposited to selected positions and then fused to a layer below by suitable methods such as laser heating or electron beam heating. The deposition and fusing are then repeated as need to construct the part, layer by layer. One or more sections or layers of non-metallic glass material can be included as needed to form composite parts. In one embodiment, the metallic glass-forming powder is a homogenous atomized powder.

Abstract: Micro additions of certain elements such as zirconium or titanium are added to high strength aluminum alloys to counter discoloring effects of other micro-alloying elements when the high strength alloys are anodized. The other micro-alloying elements are added to increase the adhesion of an anodic film to the aluminum alloy substrate. However, these micro-alloying elements can also cause slight discoloration, such as a yellowing, of the anodic film. Such micro-alloying elements that can cause discoloration can include copper, manganese, iron and silver. The micro additions of additional elements, such as one or more of zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, hafnium, tungsten, vanadium, niobium and tantalum, can dilute the discoloration of the micro-alloying elements. The resulting anodic films are substantially colorless.

Abstract: Provided is a copper alloy containing 18% by mass to 30% by mass of Zn, 1% by mass to 1.5% by mass of Ni, 0.2% by mass to 1% by mass of Sn, and 0.003% by mass to 0.06% by mass of P, the remainder including Cu and unavoidable impurities. Relationships of 17?f1=[Zn]+5×[Sn]?2×[Ni]?30, 14?f2=[Zn]?0.5×[Sn]?3×[Ni]?26, 8?f3={f1×(32?f1)}1/2×[Ni]?23, 1.3?[Ni]+[Sn]?2.4, 1.5?[Ni]/[Sn]?5.5, and 20?[Ni]/[P]?400 are satisfied. The copper alloy has a metallographic structure of an ? single phase.

Abstract: A heat-resistant alloy that satisfies physical properties such as proof stress and hardness adapted to an increase in the melting point of a welding object compared to conventional alloys is provided. The heat resistant alloy includes a first phase, as a main component, containing a Mo or W metal phase, a second phase containing a Mo—Si—B—based alloy, and a third phase containing titanium carbonitride, wherein the balance is inevitable compounds and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A method for producing a shaped body from a metallic infiltrated composite, includes a first step in which a shaped body framework, some regions of which have an open pore framework structure, is produced from a powder or from a powder mixture having a primary component of a first metal or of a first metal alloy, in that the powder or the powder mixture is applied in layers, at least partially locally melted at predefined sites by a selective beam melting method and binds together upon solidification. In a second step, the shaped body framework is infiltrated with a melt of a second metal or metal alloy which melts at a lower temperature than the first metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: Provided is a production method for producing pellets that are used for producing an iron-nickel alloy and that are produced by mixing at least a nickel oxide ore, a carbonaceous reducing agent, and an iron oxide and agglomerating the obtained mixtures, the method comprising: a step S11 for producing at least two types of mixtures having different mixing ratios of nickel oxide ore, carbonaceous reducing agent, and iron oxide; and a step S12 for forming pellets, which are agglomerates having a layered structure, by using the two or more types of mixtures such that the mixture with the highest content ratio of iron oxide, among the two or more types of mixtures forms the outermost layer.

Abstract: Raw material powder containing iron powder, copper powder, and tin powder is compressed to form a green compact. The green compact is sintered in a temperature range of from 750 to 900° C., to bond iron structures to each other with copper and tin.

Abstract: In the present invention, a permanent magnet with excellent temperature properties and magnetic properties which will not significantly deteriorate can be stably prepared, by using a raw alloy for the R-T-B based permanent magnet in which the rare earth element(s) composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, La and Ce is selected as a predetermined amount of the rare earth element R in the R-T-B based permanent magnet and a proper amount of Ca is contained.

Abstract: A multi-phase steel including in % wt. C: 0.14-0.25%, Mn: 1.7-2.5%, Si: 0.2-0.7%, Al: 0.5-1.5%, Cr: <0.1%, Mo: <0.05%, Nb: 0.02-0.06%, S: up to 0.01%, P: up to 0.02%, N: up to 0.01% and optionally at least one of Ti, B, and V according to the following stipulation: Ti: up to 0.1%, B: up to 0.002%, V: up to 0.15%, with the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the microstructure has at least 10% vol. ferrite and at least 6% vol. residual austenite and the steel has a tensile strength Rm of at least 950 MPa, a yield point ReL of at least 500 MPa and an elongation at break A80 measured in the transverse direction of at least 15%. A method of producing the multi-phase steel.

Abstract: Disclosed is the semi-amorphous, ductile brazing foil with composition consisting essentially of NibalCraBbPcSidMoeFef with approximately 24 atomic percent?a?approximately 31 atomic percent; b?approximately 3 atomic percent; approximately 9 atomic percent?c?approximately 11 atomic percent; approximately 2 atomic percent?d?approximately 4 atomic percent; e?approximately 2 atomic percent; f?approximately 1 atomic percent; and the balance being Ni and other impurities; where b+c+d<approximately 16 atomic percent.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy includes, in weight percent, 0.70-0.85 Si, 0.14-0.25 Fe, 0.25-0.35 Cu, 0.05 max Mn, 0.75-0.90 Mg, 0.12-0.18 Cr, 0.05 max Zn, and 0.04 max Ti, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The alloy may be suitable for extruding, and may be formed into an extruded alloy product.

Abstract: In a method for making a wrought nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy having homogeneous, two-phase microstructures the alloy in ingot form is subjected to a homogenization treatment at a temperature between 2025° F. and 2100° F., and then hot worked at start temperature between 2025° F. and 2100° F. The alloy preferably contains 18.47 to 20.78 wt. % chromium, 19.24 to 20.87 wt. % molybdenum, 0.08 to 0.62 wt. % aluminum, less than 0.76 wt. % manganese, less than 2.10 wt. % iron, less than 0.56 wt. % copper, less than 0.14 wt. % silicon, up to 0.17 wt. % titanium, less than 0.013 wt. % carbon, and the balance nickel.

Abstract: A galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet and a plating layer on the surface of the steel sheet, in which the steel sheet includes, as a steel chemical composition, by mass %, C: 0.05 to 0.40%, Si: 0.5 to 3.0% and Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, a microstructure of the steel sheet includes ferrite, bainite, by volume fraction, 30% or more of a tempered martensite, and 8% or more of an austenite, and tensile strength of the steel sheet is 980 MPa or more, and the plating layer includes an oxide including at least one chemical element selected from Si, Mn and Al, and when seen at a cross section including the steel sheet and the plating layer in a plate thickness direction, a projection area fraction of the oxide is 10% or more.

Abstract: A method of forming a wear protection layer for a machine component that forms a slide pairing with a further machine component includes gas-carbonitriding at least one of the machine components in order to minimize wear. The gas-carbonitriding includes forming a thin uniform bonding layer and a comparatively thick diffusion layer thereunder. The gas-carbonitriding is performed at a low temperature and for a long duration.

Abstract: Unique and improved chromium coatings derived from modified chromium-containing slurry formulations are disclosed. The slurry formulation includes a combination of a selected halide activator and buffer material that synergistically interact with each other to form chromium diffusion coatings with improved microstructure in comparison to chromium diffusion coatings produced from conventional chromizing processes. The coatings may be locally applied in a controlled manner with accuracy onto various parts, including those having internal sections with complex geometries, without masking any portion thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an article comprises providing an article. An ion assisted deposition (IAD) process is performed to deposit a second protective layer over a first protective layer. The second protective layer is a plasma resistant rare earth oxide having a thickness of less than 50 microns and a porosity of less than 1%. The second protective layer seals a plurality of cracks and pores of the first protective layer.

Abstract: There is described an intaglio printing plate coating apparatus comprising a vacuum chamber having an inner space adapted to receive at least one intaglio printing plate to be coated, a vacuum system coupled to the vacuum chamber adapted to create vacuum in the inner space of the vacuum chamber, and a physical vapour deposition (PVD) system adapted to perform deposition of wear-resistant coating material under vacuum onto an engraved surface of the intaglio printing plate, which physical vapour deposition system includes at least one coating material target comprising a source of the wear-resistant coating material to be deposited onto the engraved surface of the intaglio printing plate. The vacuum chamber is arranged so that the intaglio printing plate to be coated sits substantially vertically in the inner space of the vacuum chamber with its engraved surface facing the at least one coating material target.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a rotary evaporation source apparatus for OLED evaporation, comprising a crucible for containing evaporation material, an evaporation source body for heating the crucible, a rotary disk for rotating the crucible, and a driving source member for driving the rotary disk to rotate; wherein the evaporation source body is provided with a receiving space for receiving the crucible therein, a through hole is disposed on the rotary disk, the rotary disk is movably laid over the evaporation source body, the crucible passes through the through hole disposed on the rotary disk and is placed in the receiving space, the crucible and the rotary disk are disposed in a relatively stationary manner; the driving source member is disposed at outside of the evaporation source body and drives the rotary disk to rotate about a central axis of the evaporation source body, the crucible rotates about the central axis of the evaporation source body along with the rotary disk.

Abstract: A moveable evaporation source system may have an insulator disposed above a cathode support member, and a cathode support member disposed beneath the insulator and exerting an upward force on the insulator so that the upward force exerted by the cathode support member urges the insulator toward a down force source. A cathode may be placed between the insulator and the down force source and translated so that material liberated from the cathode may strike different portions of a workpiece as the cathode is translated.

Abstract: A sputtering target for a magnetic recording medium, wherein an average grain area of a B-rich phase is 90 ?m2 or less. A process for producing a sputtering target for a magnetic recording medium, wherein an alloy cast ingot is subject to heat treatment, thereafter subject to primary rolling which includes at least one pass of cold rolling, thereafter subject to secondary rolling, and machined to prepare a target. The obtained sputtering target for a magnetic recording medium has few cracks in the B-rich phase and has a high leakage flux density, and by using this target, it is possible to stabilize the discharge during sputtering, suppress arcing which occurs from cracks in the B-rich phase, and suppress the generation of particles.

Abstract: An interlayer configured for a composite substrate surface, the interlayer having a higher concentration of at least one first chemical element at the interface of the substrate surface and the innermost interlayer surface and a higher concentration of at least one second chemical element at the outermost interlayer surface is disclosed. Methods of forming the interlayer and providing functional properties to said composites are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst-free CVD method for forming graphene. The method involves placing a substrate within a reaction chamber, heating the substrate to a temperature between 600° C. and 1100° C., and introducing a carbon precursor into the chamber to form a graphene layer on a surface of the substrate. The method does not use plasma or a metal catalyst to form the graphene.

Abstract: A reactive material stack with tunable ignition temperatures is provided by inserting a barrier layer between layers of reactive materials. The barrier layer prevents the interdiffusion of the reactive materials, thus a reaction between reactive materials only occurs at an elevated ignition temperature when a certain energy threshold is reached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a film composed of a carbon-containing silicon oxide formed by CVD using, as the raw material, an organosilicon compound having a secondary hydrocarbon group directly bonded to at least one silicon atom and having an atomic ratio of 0.5 or less oxygen atom with respect to 1 silicon atom, which is used as a sealing film for a gas barrier equipment and materials, an FPD device, a semiconductor device and the like.

Abstract: Provided is a coated tool exhibiting enhanced wear resistance and adhesiveness of an aluminum oxide layer and superior wear resistance and defect resistance. A cutting tool (1) in which at least a titanium carbonitride layer (8) and an aluminum oxide layer (10) having an ?-type crystalline structure are laminated in that order on a surface of a substrate (5). A surface-side Tc(116) in a surface-side peak is greater than a substrate-side Tc(116) in a substrate-side peak where Tc(116) is an orientation factor of the aluminum oxide layer (10) when comparing the substrate-side peak detected by measuring a portion on a substrate (5) side of the aluminum oxide layer (10) and the surface-side peak detected by measuring a portion on a surface side of the aluminum oxide layer (10) in X-ray diffraction analysis of the aluminum oxide layer (10).