Abstract: Apparatus for use in a treatment of fluid in a fluid circuit of a heating or cooling system. A vessel (102) defines an open upper end (104), a circulating fluid inlet port (104) in a side wall (105) thereof and a fluid outlet port (106) in a lower end (107) thereof, the lower end (107) providing an internal floor of the vessel (102) and the fluid outlet port (106) open to the internal floor of the vessel (102). The open upper end (103) of the vessel (102) is provided with a removable lid (108) that defines a dosing port (109) and an air vent port (110). A permanent magnet collector (112) for collecting magnetic particles on an external collection surface (113) thereof is removably locatable within the vessel (102). A method of treating fluid in a fluid circuit of a heating or cooling system.

Abstract: An ice-making freezer having a freezer assembly; a fluid reservoir coupled to the freezer assembly by a hose and configured to contain a fluid; and a mounting assembly configured to adjust the fluid reservoir to be in a first position during an ice-making mode and in a second position during a cleaning mode, wherein when the fluid reservoir is in the second position the fluid submerges at least a portion of the freezer assembly.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerating compartment temperature sensor, a cooling apparatus, in a state when driving time points of a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment are synchronized, to maintain an inside temperature of the refrigerating compartment by performing a cooling operation of the refrigerating compartment on the basis of a cut-off temperature of the refrigerating compartment that is varied by a difference between a temperature of the refrigerating compartment at a driving time point of the refrigerating compartment that is sensed by the refrigerating compartment temperature sensor and a cut-in temperature of the refrigerating compartment, and a control unit to control the driving of the cooling apparatus by varying the cut-off temperature of the cooling apparatus according to the difference between the temperature of the refrigerating compartment at the driving time point of the refrigerating compartment and the cut-in temperature of the refrigerating compartment.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device circulates a refrigerant, which is a zeotropic refrigerant mixture. In a refrigeration cycle, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator are connected by a refrigerant pipe. The refrigeration cycle device calculates a circulation composition value of the refrigerant based on states before and after the refrigerant temperature and the refrigerant pressure change during the operation of the refrigeration cycle, calculates dT for calibrating a second temperature sensor and dP for calibrating a pressure sensor, based on a reference composition value and the circulation composition value of the refrigerant, corrects the value of the temperature of the refrigerant on an outlet side based on dT, corrects the value of the pressure of the refrigerant based on dP, and operates the refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus can suppress occurrence of disproportionation (an autolytic reaction) when HFO1123 refrigerant or a refrigerant mixture containing HFO1123 is applied. The air-conditioning apparatus includes a controller controlling at least one of an operation frequency of a compressor, an opening degree of an expansion valve, and an air amount of a fan sending air to a heat-source-side heat exchanger so that a temperature and a pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor do not exceed threshold values.

Abstract: A two-stage refrigeration apparatus includes a high-stage refrigeration cycle including a high-stage-side refrigerant circuit including a high-stage-side compressor, high-stage-side condenser, high-stage-side expansion valve, and high-stage-side evaporator connected by pipes, a low-stage refrigeration cycle including a low-stage-side refrigerant circuit including a low-stage-side compressor, low-stage-side condenser, low-stage-side receiver, low-stage-side expansion valve, and low-stage-side evaporator connected by pipes, a cascade condenser including the high-stage-side evaporator and low-stage-side condenser, a receiver heat exchanging portion configured to cool the low-stage-side receiver, and a high-stage refrigeration cycle controller configured to perform controlling so as to activate the high-stage-side compressor when estimating a low-stage-side refrigerant will reach a supercritical state when the low-stage-side compressor is inactive on the basis of the pressure of the low-stage-side refrigerant.

Abstract: A simple inverter-controlled refrigerator includes temperature detector (17), constant speed main body control unit (12) whose power is turned on/off by temperature detector (17), and that can drive a constant speed compressor, inverter control unit (14) that is connected to constant speed main body control unit (12), and that is operated, based on a power on/off signal of constant speed main body control unit (12). And variable speed compressor (8) that is connected to inverter control unit (14), and that is controlled, based on an output from inverter control unit (14). Inverter control unit (14) has rotation speed setting unit (23) which is operated, based on the power on/off signal of constant speed main body control unit (12), and which is configured to set a rotation speed of variable speed compressor (8), and inverter drive circuit unit (24) which drives variable speed compressor (8) at the rotation speed set by rotation speed setting unit (23).

Abstract: A water switch assembly for a nugget ice making assembly is provided. The ice making assembly includes a hollow auger rotatably mounted within a reservoir and configured for extruding ice. The water switch assembly extends vertically through the center of the ice making auger and reservoir. The water switch assembly is in fluid communication with a water inlet and includes a float for measuring the water level. In this manner, the water switch assembly is configured to control the level of water within the reservoir.

Abstract: A compact, mobile communicating carrying case for the transport and storage of temperature-sensitive materials. The carrying case regulates to temperature presets that can be altered real time directly or remotely. Cryogenic temperature control is provided by use of a low boiling point liquid coolant, like liquid nitrogen or air that accelerates in a multicore cooling system. A microprocessor-controlled double function solenoid acting as a valve and sensor, temperature sensors, and several mechanical one way release valves regulate the cooling system. Peripheral integrated modules collect, send, receive and display information on the case and on smart devices about location, core temperature, the carrier and the nature of the enclosed material. The carrying case provides a compact laser-etched sterile working area, in addition to a set of basic instruments, needed for procedures using the biological materials.

Abstract: A supercooling freezer including: a body having a cooling chamber having shelves on which objects to be accommodated are placed and a door for opening or closing the side surface of the cooling chamber; an evaporator disposed at the upper portion of the cooling chamber to cool the air of the cooling chamber; a cooling duct for accommodating the evaporator therein; air circulation fans disposed in front of the evaporator in the cooling duct to supply the air of the cooling chamber to the evaporator; a cool air supply duct connected with the cooling duct to induce the air cooled through the evaporator in the cooling duct to the bottom of the cooling chamber; and extension ducts projecting from the cool air supply duct in a direction in which the door is positioned to supply cool air to the objects above the objects placed on the shelves.

Abstract: A refrigerator (1) includes a storage chamber (12) for produce storage and a produce ripening control system (10). The produce ripening control system (10) includes an ethylene absorber (18) adapted to operate in absorption mode in a first status and in desorption mode in a second status. A recirculation circuit (20) is configured to fluidly connect the absorber (18) with the storage chamber (12) and to draw air from the storage chamber (12), to flow the drawn air through the absorber (18) and to return it into the storage chamber (12). A control unit (30) configured to selectively operate the absorber either in the absorption mode for ethylene absorption or in the desorption mode for ethylene desorption.

Abstract: An air tower adapted to be located within a compartment of a refrigeration appliance comprises a first plenum chamber in fluid communication with a first compartment of the refrigeration appliance, a second plenum chamber in fluid communication with a second compartment of the refrigeration appliance, a damper connecting the first plenum chamber to the second plenum chamber, and a movable part within the damper configured to be moveable between a first position and a second position. When moved to the first position, the movable part is relatively closer to interior side walls to thereby restrict air flow from the first plenum chamber to the second plenum chamber. When moved to the second position, the movable part is relatively further away from the interior side walls to thereby permit more air flow from the first plenum chamber to the second plenum chamber.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a main circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, a first flow control device, and a plurality of parallel heat exchangers connected in parallel to each other are sequentially connected via a pipe to allow refrigerant to circulate, a first defrost pipe that branches a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor and allows the refrigerant to flow into the parallel heat exchanger to be defrosted among the plurality of parallel heat exchangers, a expansion device provided in the first defrost pipe and configured to depressurize the refrigerant discharged from the compressor, and a connection switching device that allows the refrigerant flowing out of the parallel heat exchanger to be defrosted to flow into the main circuit at a position upstream of the parallel heat exchangers other than the parallel heat exchanger subject to defrosting.

Abstract: During heat applying operation, both an air-source heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the atmosphere as a heat source and an earth-source heat exchanger that uses geothermal heat as a heat source serve as evaporators to collect heat from the atmosphere and the geothermal heat. During defrosting operation, while a four-way valve is switched to cause the air-source heat exchanger to serve as a radiator, and the earth-source heat exchanger to serve as an evaporator to collect the geothermal heat, and the collected geothermal heat is collected in the main circuit via the sub-circuit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a refrigerating apparatus includes providing an inner liner defining a refrigerator compartment for storing goods to be cooled and a freezer compartment for storing goods to be frozen, the inner liner being provided as a one-piece component part. In one solution, the step of providing the inner liner includes forming a freezer delimiting shell in a precursor element of the inner liner, providing an evaporator portion around the freezer delimiting shell, and forming a refrigerator delimiting shell in the precursor element adjacent to the freezer delimiting shell with the evaporator portion.

Abstract: A laminated structure includes a polymer layer comprising at least one layer, a gas barrier layer which has thermal resistance of greater than or equal to about 650 degrees Kelvin per watt and a Young's modulus of greater than or equal to about 100 gigapascals, and a position of a neutral axis represented by the following Equation 1 is in the gas barrier layer. y = ? i = 1 n ? ? ( Ei · Si ) ? i = 1 n ? ? ( Ei · Ai ) ( Equation ? ? 1 ) In Equation 1, y denotes a distance from the top surface of a side compressed in bending to the neutral axis, Ei denotes a Young's modulus of the i-th layer, Si denotes a geometrical moment of area of the i-th layer, Ai denotes a cross-sectional area of the i-th layer, and n denotes a number of layers for the laminated structure, which is an integer of greater than or equal to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is an illuminated cooler with a light source positioned below an expected top level of contents of the cooler. A light source is preferably between two and six inches below an expected top level of contents. Most preferably, the cooler will comprise multiple lights arranged at varying heights within the cooler or a single light that provides light sources at a range of heights. The cooler may also comprise a switch to activate the lights when the cooler is opened, an ambient light sensor, and a processor.

Abstract: A dual tumble dryer unit that includes a housing that defines an interior, a divider that extends between first and second side walls and divides the interior into first and second sections, and first and second dryer assemblies that are positioned in the first and second sections. The first and second dryer assemblies each include a basket positioned to rotate about a horizontal axis, and a blower disposed positioned to blow air on the basket. A first drying path is defined between a first entry opening defined in the first side wall, the first basket and a first exit opening defined in the second side wall, and a second drying path is defined between a second entry opening defined in the first side wall, the second basket and a second exit opening defined in the second side wall.

Abstract: A method of thermal processing a work piece using another work piece which includes providing a chamber having a plurality of temperature zones, disposing a first work piece within a first temperature zone of the chamber, allowing a temperature of the first work piece to thermally equilibrate with the first temperature zone, moving the first work piece to a second temperature zone and disposing a second work piece within the second temperature zone of the chamber, in fluid communication with the first work piece, wherein a thermal exchange occurs between the first and second work pieces.

Abstract: A method of operating an electric arc furnace containing a furnace shell having a tapping hole, a plurality of electrodes, and a rotating apparatus that rotates the furnace shell around a vertical axis relative to the electrodes, the method contains a charging step of opening an opening-and-closing door of a scrap bucket containing a metal material and falling the metal material into the furnace shell in which the furnace shell is rotated by the rotating apparatus until a direction of a line connecting a center of the furnace shell to a center of the tapping hole intersects an extension direction of a seam at a closing side of the opening-and-closing door, the opening-and-closing door is opened in this positional relationship to charge the metal material.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (80) includes a plurality of heat exchange layers (95) stacked in a stackwise direction. Each of the layers includes a first plate (110) and a second plate (115), each of the first plate and the second plate includes a portion of a first enclosed header (120), a second enclosed header (125) and at least one flow channel (130) that extends between the first enclosed header and the second enclosed header. The first plate and the second plate are fixedly attached to one another to completely define the first enclosed header, the second enclosed header, and the at least one flow channel. An inlet header (85) is in fluid communication with the first enclosed header of each of the plurality of heat exchange layers (95) to direct a flow of fluid to the heat exchange layers. An outlet header is in fluid communication with the second enclosed header of each of the plurality of heat exchange layers to direct the flow of fluid from the heat exchange layers.

Abstract: An inner power plant portion and a heat exchange station portion. The inner power plant portion includes a heat exchanger, a waste heat recovery electric heat pump, an energy-storing electric heat pump, high/low temperature water storing tanks, a heating network heater, a valve and a circulating water pump; the heat exchange station portion includes high/low temperature water storing tanks, an electric heat pump, a heat exchanger, a valve and a circulating water pump; as for the operating method of the device, the device can operate in periods of an electrical load trough, an electrical load flat and an electrical load peak respectively through combination of different valve switches, the high temperature water storing tank is used for balancing the difference between system heat supply amount and heating load, the low temperature water storing tank is used for stabilizing steam exhaust waste heat recovery amount.

Abstract: A heat storing system includes: a heat source that emits heat to a first thermal medium; and a heat storing unit. The heat storing unit includes a heat storing body container housing a heat storing body, and a thermal medium container housing a liquid phase thermal medium. The heat storing body stores or emits heat in accordance with phase change of the heat storing body. The heat storing unit is configured to conduct a cold heat emission mode in which the liquid phase thermal medium and a cooling medium exchange heat in the thermal medium container to evaporate the thermal medium such that cold heat is emitted to the cooling medium.

Abstract: A charging handle assembly for a firearm includes: a charging handle frame having a forward end configured for insertion into an upper receiver of a firearm, a central portion connected to and extending rearward from the forward end, and a base extending rearward from the central portion; a latch arm having a forward hook, the latch arm attached to the central portion of the charging handle frame, the forward hook biased toward the central portion of the charging handle frame to secure the charging handle frame relative to an upper receiver of a firearm; and a cheek rest attached to the base of the charging handle frame. The latch arm is configured to releasably engage the upper receiver of a firearm when the cheek rest is pushed forward and to disengage the upper receiver of the firearm when the cheek rest is pulled rearward.

Abstract: A firearm (1) includes a detection system (10) suitable to detect a configuration change of the firearm from an initial configuration. The detection system (10) includes a detection device (100), on the slide (20) suitable to be moved, starting from an initial position, to a detection position in which the detection device (100) detects a configuration change of the firearm. An idler device (200) on the slide (20) engages with the detection device (100) which moves the idler device (200). The detection device (200) includes at least one primary sensor element (250), a receiver device (300) on the main body (5) suitable to receive the information of the configuration change of the firearm from the primary sensor element (250) and at least a secondary sensor element (350).

Abstract: AR-style lower receiver with magazine release button interference pin assembly functions to prevent the depression of the magazine release button on an AR-style rifle while the upper receiver is closed or locked onto the lower receiver. AR-style lower receiver with magazine release button interference pin assembly prevents magazine release and reloading while the upper receiver is closed or locked onto the lower receiver. AR-style lower receiver with magazine release button interference pin assembly is a magazine release button interference pin assembly as well as a specially machined lower receiver to accept the magazine release button interference pin assembly. Magazine release button interference pin assembly includes a special magazine release button interference pin with at least two protrusions, a spring, and a retaining pin.

Abstract: A magazine loader/unloader includes a loader/unloader housing, including right and left sides, a front and rear connector members, and a bridge member; a loading structure, including a loading plunger, and a loading pusher; and an unloading structure, including top and bottom guides, and an unloading protrusion. Also disclosed is a method of using the magazine loader/unloader, including inserting round, loading round, and unloading round.

Abstract: A rifle apparatus and method wherein the rifle includes a replaceable, threaded, adjustable barrel assembly which is configured for quickly changing the barrel length of the rifle, converting the rifle for using a different caliber of ammunition, and/or accurately determining and quickly setting the headspace in the firing chamber of the weapon for firing the new ammunition. Further, the rifle apparatus preferably also includes a replaceable lower receiver with a well opening and a corresponding magazine retention and release assembly for receiving a magazine clip for the caliber of ammunition fired by the replaceable barrel.

Abstract: A safety pin locks a barrel latch while the firearm discharges a round of ammunition. The barrel latch safety locking mechanism is incorporated into the frame and is actuated by the trigger assembly. The barrel latch safety locking mechanism engages the barrel latch to prevent movement during firing keeping the barrel latch engaged with the barrel. The firearm is further comprised of a slide switch that is connected to the barrel latch that allows a user to disengage the barrel latch for loading.

Abstract: This invention provides a discharge preventer assembly for a firearm that is a supplemental safety attachment for a firearm. The discharge preventer assembly can be made of a left body portion and a right body portion which can be adapted to connect to each other in a protective condition to collectively receive and enclose a trigger bow and a trigger; and at least one of the left body portion and the right body portion having a bolt block element protruding upward and adapted to be received in the bolt passage when the left body portion and the right body portion are in the protective condition. The discharge preventer assembly can also include one or more rigid plates configured to be positioned adjacent the right body portion or the left body portion.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a trigger assembly including a bi-stable switch system configured to selectively engage a portion of the sear in a first state and to transition from the first state to a second state to selectively disengage the portion of the sear in response to an electrical signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mechanism for use with firearms having compact bolt carrier designs without modification of or connection to either the upper or lower receiver. It provides an auto sear trip linkage that is independent of both the upper and lower receivers and which may be used as a “drop in” unit to allow an upper receiver assembly otherwise configured for semi-automatic fire to be used in full-auto mode with a standard, full-auto capable AR-pattern lower receiver.

Abstract: A composite multi-lobe barrel is disclosed for directing the path of a dischargeable projectile. The multi-lobe barrel incorporates a plurality of longitudinal stiffening rods into a composite overwrap around an inner liner to enhance axial stiffness. The barrel is comprised of an inner liner defining an axial bore; a plurality of polymer matrix composite (PMC) stiffening rods equidistantly disposed around the inner liner and a PMC outer shell enclosing the stiffening rods. In one embodiment, a PMC inner wrap surrounds and is in direct contact with the inner liner, with the stiffening rods arranged equidistantly around the inner wrap, with this structure enclosed by a PMC outer shell.

Abstract: The present invention is a weapon simulator that is at least partially controlled by a host computer and simulates near actual recoil forces of a weapon via a gun active recoil unit.

Abstract: An improved toy gun bullet container structure includes a bullet container device, which is selectively and movable mounted in a magazine, a receiving space, which is defined in the bullet container device, and a plurality of bullet compartments, which are arranged in the receiving space in a manner of being free to rotate. The bullet compartments each receive and hold therein a plurality of bullets. The magazine is can be mounted and removed so as to achieve imitation of a genuine device. When one of the bullet compartments runs out of bullets, the magazine can be first removed and the bullet container device rotated to switch the other one of the bullet compartments to the position for shooting. When all the bullet compartments run of bullets, the bullet container device can be detached from the magazine for reloading of bullets.

Abstract: A heat shielding and thermal venting system, having a heat shielding element comprising an elongate, tubular member extending from a first end to a second end; a primary portion formed within a cavity of the heat shielding element; a secondary portion formed within the cavity of the heat shielding element, wherein the secondary portion has a reduced inner cross-sectional area when compared to an inner cross-sectional area of the primary portion; a plurality of entry apertures formed through the heat shielding element proximate the first end; a flare portion formed at the second end; and one or more restricted portions formed along the heat shielding element, wherein each restricted portion includes a reduced inner cross-sectional area, when compared to an inner cross-sectional area of an adjacent interior portion of the heat shielding element.

Abstract: Firearm weights and firearm rails having one or more weights that hug the interior surface of the firearm rail and/or orient a firearm sling loop in an appropriate position on the firearm are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A light mountable on a handgun may comprise: a light housing including one or more light sources, a cavity for a source of electrical power, a switch, and a circuit for energizing the light sources. The light housing has complementary parts configured to enclose a part of the handgun and a mounting rail, and may include an access cover that is openable when the light is mounted on a handgun, for placing and removing the source of electrical power. Light sources may include an illumination source and/or an aiming source.

Abstract: A lighting circuit includes a controllable electronic device in series with a power terminal of a controller, wherein operation of a switch causes the controller to maintain the electronic device conductive, whereby the controller then remains powered; and wherein the controller responds to a subsequent operation of the switch to render the electronic device nonconductive, whereby the controller is then unpowered even when electrical power is received. The lighting circuit is suitable for use, e.g., in a portable or other battery powered light.

Abstract: A riser for spacing a firearms accessory from a firearms accessory rail has a body, at least a portion of the body having approximately the same cross-sectional shape and slot configuration as a mounting portion of the accessory rail, at least one lug depending from the body and extending laterally, the lug being adapted for insertion into a slot of the accessory rail, and a hook adapted for coupling the riser to the accessory rail, the hook extending from a lateral end of the lug. At least a portion of the hook is adapted to be longitudinally aligned with the slot of the accessory rail and adapted to engage the accessory rail by contacting the accessory rail below the associated slot of the accessory rail.

Abstract: A firearm accessory includes a firearm attachment portion that is configured to attach to a firearm. The firearm attachment portion defines a barrel passage that defines a barrel passage axis. The barrel passage is configured to receive at least a portion of a firearm barrel. The firearm accessory includes an accessory mounting portion that is pivotally attached to the firearm attachment portion. The accessory mounting portion is movable between an open position and a closed position. When in the open position, the accessory mounting portion is positioned away from the barrel passage, and when in the closed position, the accessory mounting portion is positioned at least partially around the barrel passage.

Abstract: Embodiments include an inflatable blast-induced brain injury prevention device for living beings such as soldiers. The device may include one or more inflatable chambers that cooperate to form a substantially toroidal cervical collar configured to surround the soldier's neck. An inflator unit, activated by an initiator may be coupled to the one or more inflatable chambers to inflate the one or more inflatable chambers. An electronic control unit (ECU) in electrical communication with the initiator and in electrical communication with at least one sensor may be configured to measure atmospheric air pressure. The ECU may be programmed to activate the initiator when the air pressure measured by the sensor exceeds a threshold air pressure.

Abstract: A window insert assembly providing ballistic protection for a window of a vehicle side door. The window insert assembly includes a window insert formed from a ballistic-resistant material and a wedge assembly to wedge the window insert within a window frame of the vehicle door. A method of providing ballistic protection for the window and a method of manufacturing the window insert assembly.

Abstract: A device for dismantling explosive devices, the device may include a handle for carrying the robot; a camera; infrared illumination elements; a payload compartment that is configured to hold, in a releasable manner, an explosive device dismantling payload; laser markers that are configured to be at a predefined spatial relationship with an optical axis of the explosive device dismantling payload; a transceiver; a controller that is configured to control the robot, at least partially in response to commands that are received by the transceiver; a base; and a rotation and tilt assembly for moving the payload compartment in relation to the base. The device may be without a driving unit for driving the device from one location to the other.

Abstract: A target system for receiving a target having a target body and target projection extending therefrom. The target system comprises a main frame and a target attachment system. The main frame comprises an elongated target receiving member defining an elongated target receiving member surface and two vertically distant projections extending from the elongated target receiving member surface. The target attachment system comprises pair of target attachment supports adapted for being distantly and concurrently mounted on the projections, each one of the target attachment supports having an opening therethrough. The target attachment supports are mounted as a pair, and are defining a passage defined by their openings, the passage being adapted for receiving the target projection. As a result, the target, when hit on the target body, rotates freely around a rotation axis defined by the passage.

Abstract: Shooting target assemblies have a post element having spaced-apart upper first and second protrusions defining an elongated target receptacle slot, the target receptacle slot having a closed lower end and an open upper end, a target plate having a main portion and an elongated stem portion extending from the main portion, the stem portion having parallel stem legs spaced apart to define a stem slot, a bridge portion connected between the stem legs away from the main portion and defining a lower end of the stem slot, the stem slot of the target plate being adapted to closely receive one of the first and second protrusions of the post element, and the target receptacle slot of the post element being adapted to closely receive the bridge portion of the target plate. The target receptacle slot may have a slot width adapted to closely receive the bridge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device forming an infrared decoy comprising a pyrotechnic priming part (150), a composition (121) suited to emitting radiation in the infrared domain, and a protective casing (130) for protecting the composition (121) and formed of a plastic sleeve, characterized in that at least one out of a body (150) of the initiation pyrotechnic part and/or of a plug (140) that blanks off the sleeve (130) has an annular groove (152, 142) that opens onto its external periphery and communicates with at least one longitudinal duct (154, 156; 144, 146) which opens onto an end of the body (150) or of the plug (140) in order to accept a polymerizable adhesive tape that bonds the body (150) and/or the plug (140) to the sleeve (130).

Abstract: An arrow shaft includes a body having on opposite ends thereof an arrowhead and an arrow feather, and a pattern formed on an outer circumference of the body. The pattern is helically formed along the body, and the helical pattern is formed on a predetermined region in a direction from the arrowhead to the arrow feather.

Abstract: A lighted nock with an external switch preferably includes a nock body, a light unit, a compression spring and a power source. The nock body preferably includes a string portion and a shank portion. A string slot is formed in the nock body. A battery bore is formed through the shank. A switch opening is formed through a wall of the nock body and into battery bore. The light unit preferably includes a modified top hat LED, an LED housing, an LED housing insert and a switch. The LED housing includes an insert notch for insertion of the LED housing insert. The LED housing insert includes a switch notch. The switch includes a switch base and a pair of snap legs. The LED, LED housing and LED housing insert are assembled and inserted into the battery bore. The switch is inserted through the nock body into the light unit.

Abstract: Described herein is a munition to be exploded in the air at a position above an intended target. The munition includes an explosive, a matrix of fragmentation material, a body part with a convex shaped support element and a detonator. The layered structure of the munition is such that when detonated, a directional explosion code of fragmentation material is formed in a delimited distribution pattern. The munition can be arranged within a takeoff canister with a takeoff charge.