Abstract: Methods of producing organic materials, and in particular methods of producing petroleum materials and organic compounds such as aromatic acids, phenols, and aliphatic poly-carboxylic acids using an oxidative hydrothermal dissolution (OHD) process are disclosed.

Abstract: The principles of the present invention are useful in telomerization reactions in which ethylene and/or propylene taxogen is used in free radical reactions to make telomers of limited molecular weight, e.g., those in which a major portion of the telomer products are telomers incorporating 1 to 12 moles of ethylene and/or propylene per mole of telogen (i.e., a major portion of the telomer products incorporate telomers for which n is 1 to 12). The present invention is based at least in part upon the discovery that using a very large stoichiometric excess of C1 to C12 telogen(s) (i.e., telogens incorporating 1 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule) in combination with using very low concentrations of initiator provides telomerization reactions that are selective for producing lower molecular weight telomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use as perfuming ingredient, in particular to confer odor notes of the violet, violet leaves type, of a compound of formula (I), wherein n represents 1 or 2, A represents CH2 or CO; and R represents a C1-4 alkyl or alkenyl group or a C3 cycloalkyl group, or when A is a CH2 group R may also represent a C1-3 acyl group. Moreover, following what is mentioned herein, the present invention comprises the invention's compound as part of a perfuming composition or of a perfuming consumer product.

Abstract: A method of preparing cyclohexanone by hydrogenating phenol is provided. The method includes a step of introducing an additional flammable gas to dilute hydrogen gas concentration, so as to increase the throughput and decrease energy consumption. Further, the discharged residual gases from the hydrogenation of phenol have a calorific value. Also provided is a system for generating cyclohexanone by hydrogenating phenol.

Abstract: Catalytic metal loss when using a hydroformylation catalyst comprising an organophosphite ligand is ameliorated by adding CO to a strip gas vaporizer.

Abstract: A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture having fatty acid, the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid, method having steps of: a) providing dispersion of mixture in polar carrier; b) adjusting dispersion mixture to pH from 5-9; and, c) extracting fatty acid from dispersion carrier mixture into solvent immiscible with polar carrier, obtaining fatty acid solution and aqueous raffinate having lactic acid and fatty acid lactylate. Polar carrier has from 70-100 wt. % of water and from 0-30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents. Aqueous raffinate may be further processed by: i) acidifying raffinate to pH from 0-3; and, either ii)a) allowing acidified raffinate to separate into two layers and separating lower, aqueous layer from residual layer of acyl lactylate, or ii)b) extracting fatty acid lactylate from acidified raffinate into second solvent which is immiscible with aqueous raffinate, obtaining an acyl lactylate solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, C5 alkenyl, C6 alkenyl, C(O)—(CH2)n—CH3 or CH(OH)—(CH2)n—CH3 wherein n is 3 or 4; R1 is H, F or OH; R2 is C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, C5 alkenyl, C6 alkenyl, C(O)—(CH2)n—CH3 or CH(OH)—(CH2)n—CH3 wherein n is 3 or 4; R3 is H, F, OH or CH2Ph; R4 is H, F or OH; Q is 1) (CH2)mC(O)OH wherein m is 1 or 2, 2) CH(CH3)C(O)OH, 3) C(CH3)2C(O)OH, 4) CH(F)—C(O)OH, 5) CF2—C(O)OH, or 6) C(O)—C(O)OH; and compositions comprising the same and the method using the same for the prevention or treatment of various fibrotic diseases and conditions in subjects, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pancreas fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, cardiac fibrosis or macular degeneration.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are GPR120 G protein-coupled receptor modulators which may be used as medicaments.

Abstract: A process for continuously preparing the tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid comprises: a) the reaction of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture (G1); b) the partial evaporation of the esterification mixture (G1), giving a liquid first high boiler phase (SPh1) comprising the acidic catalyst, and a first vapor (B1) comprising tert-butyl ester; c) the fractional condensation of the first vapor (B1) by partially condensing the first vapor (B1) at a first pressure and a first temperature and obtaining a first condensate (K1), partially condensing the uncondensed second vapor (B2) at a second pressure and a second temperature and obtaining a second condensate (K2), the first temperature being 0 to 45° C. below the condensation temperature of the tert-butyl ester at the first pressure and the second temperature being 45 to 80° C.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention provide a method comprising treating a hydroxy-carboxylic acid compound with a compound of formula (I) in the absence of a solvent, to provide a diacid of formula (II), wherein R is a linker molecule; wherein each Y is independently a leaving group; and wherein X is a residue of a biologically active compound.

Abstract: The hydroxyalkyl acrylate according to the present invention is characterized in that a content amount of an ester generated from acrylic acid dimer and an alkylene oxide is not more than 0.10 mass %. The method for producing a hydroxyalkyl acrylate according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the step of reacting acrylic acid with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a content amount of acrylic acid dimer in the raw material acrylic acid is not more than 3.00 mass %.

Abstract: Processes for continuous preparation of bioproducts are described herein. The processes include contacting fatty acid glycerides with alcohols in the presence of an acidic heterogeneous catalyst and separating the fatty acid alkyl esters from the reaction products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulphuric acid under adiabatic conditions, not the entire production plant being shut down during a production stop, but the production plant being entirely or at least partly operated in recirculation mode. The invention further relates to a plant for producing nitrobenzene and to a method for operating a plant for producing nitrobenzene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the production of [18F]-FACBC which has advantages over know such methods. Also provided by the present invention is a system to carry out the method of the invention and a cassette suitable for carrying out the method of the invention on an automated radiosynthesis apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing Lomitapide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having high purity with acceptable levels of impurities.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer, such as compound 1 and compound 2 is disclosed. The method proceeds through an O-allylated tyrosine-based compound, such as compound 3 and preferably comprises [3,3] sigmatropic Claisen rearrangement and olefin cross metathesis reactions. In addition, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel 3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives which carry a branched or cyclic alkyl substituent in the 3-position, to processes for their preparation, to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently removing the exuded substance and/or the attached substance on the surface of a catalyst (catalyst surface substance) from the catalyst is provided. The apparatus comprising a main body, the apparatus for removing a catalyst surface substance present on a surface of a catalyst from the catalyst by bringing a gas flow into contact with the catalyst housed in the main body, wherein a gas flow length in a flow direction of the gas flow is 55 mm or more, and an average flow velocity of the gas flow is 80 m/s or more and 500 m/s or less in terms of a linear velocity at 15° C. and 1 atm.

Abstract: To provide a novel diamine, and a polyimide precursor and a polyimide using it. A diamine represented by the formula (1): wherein each of X1 and X5 which are independent of each other, is a single bond or the like; each of X2 and X4 which are independent of each other, is —CH2— or the like; X3 is a C1-6 alkylene or the like; each of Y1 and Y2 which are independent of each other, is a single bond or the like; R is a C1-20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group; and a is 0 or 1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkanesulfonic acids from dialkyl disulfides with nitric acid and oxygen.

Abstract: An alkyl phenyl sulfide derivative represented by the general formula [I] or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and a pest control agent containing the derivative or the salt as an active ingredient. [in the above formula, R1 is, for example, a C1˜C6 alkyl group which is mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atom; R2 is, for example, a halogen atom or a C1˜C6 alkyl group; R3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and R4 is, for example, a hydrogen atom or a C1˜C12 alkyl group.] The derivative or the salt has an excellent pest control effect.

Abstract: A process for converting light paraffins to heavier paraffinic hydrocarbon fluids is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of iso-paraffins to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols; (2) conversion of the alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols to dialkyl peroxides; and (3) radical-initiated coupling of paraffins and/or iso-paraffins using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming heavier hydrocarbon products. Fractionation of the heavy hydrocarbon products can then be used to isolate fractions for use as hydrocarbon fluids.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I): or a salt thereof, wherein Q is: or; and X, R1a, R1b, R3, R4, and R5 are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of 1-(2-halogen-ethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl esters, in particular of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-4 piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester, a versatile synthesis intermediate, particularly useful as an intermediate compound in the synthesis of umeclidinium.

Abstract: The disclosure provides nanostructures (e.g., nanospheres and nano-paddlewheels) formed through transition metal-ligand (e.g., Pd(II)-, Ni(II)-, or Fe(II)-ligand of Formula (A)) coordination and junction self-assembly. The disclosure also provides supramolecular complexes that include the nanostructures connected by divalent linkers Y. The provided supramolecular complexes are able to form gels (e.g., hydrogels). The gels are suprametallogels and exhibited excellent mechanical properties without sacrificing self-healing and showed high robustness and storage modulus. The present disclosure further provides compositions (e.g., gels) that include the nanostructures or supramolecular complexes and optionally an agent (e.g., small molecule), where the nanostructures and the nanostructure moieties of the supramolecular complexes may encapsulate and slowly release the agent.

Abstract: Lactam compounds of Formula I and their use for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder and insomnia is disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods useful for treating infectious diseases are provided. In particular, 3-aryl quinoline compounds, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of treating infectious diseases such as malaria, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protein-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD2 (SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2) inhibitors, in particular SMYD2-inhibitory substituted cyanoguanidine-pyrazolines of general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X and r have the meaning as described and defined herein, as well as to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds according to the invention and to their prophylactic and therapeutic use for hyper-proliferative disorders, in particular for cancer, respectively tumor disorders. The present invention furthermore relates to the use of SMYD2 inhibitors for benign hyperplasias, atherosclerotic disorders, sepsis, autoimmune disorders, vascular disorders, viral infections, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory disorders, atherosclerotic disorders and the control of male fertility.

Abstract: To provide a hydrogen barrier agent capable of imparting hydrogen barrier performance to various materials; a hydrogen barrier film forming composition including the hydrogen barrier agent; a hydrogen barrier film including the hydrogen barrier agent; a method for producing a hydrogen barrier film, which uses the hydrogen barrier film forming composition; and an electronic element provided with the hydrogen barrier film. A compound having a specific structure including an imidazolyl group is used as the hydrogen barrier agent. Furthermore, the hydrogen barrier film forming composition is prepared by blending the above-mentioned hydrogen barrier agent into the base material component. In addition, the hydrogen barrier film is formed using the hydrogen barrier film forming composition.

Abstract: A compound having the following structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof. The compound may be used in the treatment or prevention of a disorder selected from appetite regulation, obesity, metabolic disorders, cachexia, anorexia, pain, inflammation, neurotoxicity, neurotrauma, stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, Huntington's disease, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nausea, emesis, alcohol disorders, drug addictions such as opiates, nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and psychostimulants, hypertension, circulatory shock, myocardial reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, asthma, glaucoma, retinopathy, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, acute and chronic liver disease such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, arthritis and osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of ibrutinib, particularly to the technical field of ibrutinib intermediate compounds and preparation methods thereof. The intermediate compounds are represented by formula A, wherein, the dotted line represents a double bond or a single bond between carbon and oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating cancer and neoplastic disease. Provided herein are substituted heterocyclic derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful for inhibition of lysine specific demethylase-1. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: A fused heterocyclic compound having an enteropeptidase inhibitory action and use of the compound as a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc., are provided. Specifically, a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined herein, or a salt thereof and use of the compound as a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc., are provided.

Abstract: Improved processes for producing high purity acesulfame potassium. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of contacting a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, and a cyclizing agent, e.g., sulfur trioxide, to form a cyclizing agent composition and reacting an acetoacetamide salt with the cyclizing agent in the composition to form a cyclic sulfur trioxide adduct. The contact time is less than 60 minutes. The process also comprises forming from the cyclic sulfur trioxide adduct composition a finished acesulfame potassium composition comprising non-chlorinated, e.g., non-chlorinated, acesulfame potassium and less than 35 wppm 5-halo acesulfame potassium, preferably less than 5 wppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrophilically modified multifunctional amine AC which has more than one primary amino group per molecule, and at least one group per molecule derived from the reaction of an epoxide group with a reactive group selected from the group consisting of secondary amino groups >NH, hydroxyl groups —OH, mercaptan groups —SH, amide groups —CO—NHR, where R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to twelve carbon atoms, hydroxyester groups, and acid groups, particularly carboxyl groups —COOH, sulphonic acid groups —SO3H, and phosphonic acid groups —PO3H2, and preferably, also moieties which are compatible with an epoxy resin, as well as a process for its preparation, and a method of use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for making monomeric triglycidyl compounds, wherein the triglycidyl compounds include N, O-triglycidyl compounds containing at least one primary aromatic amine and one phenolic functional group attached to the same or a different aromatic ring. The methods of the present invention result in the production of N, O-triglycidyl compounds, such as those of formula I and II. The improved process is energy efficient, environment friendly, and results in increased yields of product. The methods of the present invention can be performed in the absence of protic organic co-solvents during the reaction of an epihalohydrin with an aminophenol, such as compounds of formula II and IV, which provides an intermediate halohydrin compound. The methods of the present invention may also be performed in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran said process comprising contacting furan with hydrogen and water in the presence of a supported catalytic composition comprising rhenium and palladium in a weight ratio of at least 1:1 and a total combined weight rhenium and palladium in the catalyst composition in the range of from 0.01 to 20 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of 2-substituted 4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydropyrans from the acid-catalyzed reaction of 3-methylbut-3-ene-1-ol with an aldehyde, a stable odoriferous quality being achieved and avoiding off-odors that interfere with the odor sensation.

Abstract: A glutathione-cleavable prodrug is provided herein, as well as methods for its use in treating cancer, including triple negative breast cancer. The prodrug can be cleaved by glutathione under physiological conditions to generate a biologically active agent. The compound described herein is advantageous as the compound is fluorescent and can therefore be monitored within a subject.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a process suitable for mass-producing of iso-liquiritigenin. [Solution] A process for preparing iso-liquiritigenin, which comprises steps of coupling a 4-alkoxycinnamic acid represented by formula (I) with a 1,3-alkoxybenzene represented by formula (II) through the Friedel-Crafts reaction (A) to synthesize a tri-alkoxy-iso-liquiritigenin represented by formula (III), to crystallize out the reaction product, and eliminating the protecting groups therefrom to obtain iso-liquiritigenin, represented by formula (IV). The iso-liquiritigenin (IV), is administered as a precursor for liquiritigenin represented by formula (V) to the body, thereby obtaining in vivo a pharmacological effect of the (?) isomer of liquiritigenin.

Abstract: A method and a device for manufacturing lactide, whereby crude lactide, being prepared by means of depolymerization of lactic acid oligomers, is purified by means of a distillation step. The prepared crude lactide is maintained for a period of at least 5 hours in a reaction vessel at a temperature between 97° C. and 200° C. prior to the distillation step. Keeping the lactide during a period of time in a reaction vessel leads to a decrease of the lactic acid content and an increase of the lactic acid oligomer concentration, so that the resulting crude lactide can be more efficiently purified during subsequent distillation. A pre-distilling step gives additional advantages.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel ?-halogen-substituted thiophene compound salt that has a potent LPA receptor antagonistic action and is useful as a medicament. The salt is represented by the general formula (I): (wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group; X is a halogen atom; A is selected from the group consisting of: M is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal; and n is 1 when M is an alkali metal and is 2 when M is an alkaline earth metal).

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel compounds derived from NSAIDs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Other aspects of the invention relate to use of the NSAID derivatives in treating inflammatory diseases and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are androgen receptor modulators. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well as methods of using such androgen receptor modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that are mediated or dependent upon androgen receptors.

Abstract: Provided herein are heterocyclic derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds that are useful for inhibiting plasma kallikrein. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of diseases wherein the inhibition of plasma kallikrein inhibition has been implicated, such as angioedema and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) defined herein exhibit human neutrophil elastase inhibitory properties and are useful for the treatment of disease or conditions in which HNE is implicated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula of formula I wherein R, R1. R2, R2?, R3, R4, R5, L1, L2 and N are as described herein, compositions containing compounds of formula I, methods of manufacture of compounds of formula I and methods of treating psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular or sleep disorders with compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline form of (S)-(2-(6-chloro-7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)(5-methoxy-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone hydrochloride, processes for the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing said crystalline form, and its use as medicament, especially as orexin receptor antagonist.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, in part, are fumagillol compounds and methods of use in treating medical disorders, such as obesity. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making fumagillol compounds are provided. The compounds are contemplated to have activity against methionyl aminopeptidase 2.

Abstract: Compounds having the following formula: or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is a monocyclic heteroaryl group, and R1, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein, are useful as kinase modulators, including IRAK-4 inhibition.