Abstract: An example microfluidic device comprises a substrate having a first surface and a cover layer above the first surface. The cover layer and the first surface form a microfluidic channel and a chamber. The example microfluidic device further comprises a functional port in the cover layer over the chamber and at least one developer port in the cover layer over the microfluidic channel. The developer port is above a portion of the microfluidic channel that is not proximate to the functional port.

Abstract: The present invention fluidic devices incorporating functional muscle tissues, methods of making the fluidic devices and methods of use of the fluidic devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to reversible sealing of a microfluidic chip used for thermal incubation of an aqueous sample suspected to contain a target nucleic acid. The microfluidic chip contains a flow channel and a plurality of reaction compartments, into which the sample and a displacement fluid are introduced through an inlet port sealable by means of a sealing agent having a melting point above room temperature.

Abstract: An assay plate assembly comprising a plurality of microfluidic modules arranged in a rectilinear matrix of rows and columns microfluidic channels. Each microfluidic module has an inlet well leading to a serpentine microfluidic channel that is set at a cant angle. The well is laterally offset from the detection area to avoid optical interference. The geometric center of each detection area is positioned according to ANSI/SLAS standards for well-centers. A drain from each microfluidic channel is located so that it does not interfere with any detection areas. An array of optically-transmissive micro-posts are disposed within each microfluidic channel. The micro-posts extend perpendicularly from the top surface of the top plate toward the underside and are equally distributed throughout the entire detection area. The plate assembly provides reduced assay time and sample volume, and increased sensitivity and specificity in biological and chemical assays.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes: a base plate allowing an electromagnetic wave to pass therethrough and having no autofluorescence; a microwell array formed on the base plate and including a wall layer in which a plurality of through-holes are formed in a thickness direction; and a lid member disposed opposite to the base plate in a state of being separated from the wall layer, wherein microwells are formed by the base plate and the through-holes formed in the wall layer, and wherein the wall layer is formed of a material containing a colored component that absorbs an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: This specimen treatment chip includes: a first fluid module having a first flow channel for performing a first treatment step on an object component in a specimen; a second fluid module having a second flow channel for performing a second treatment step on the object component subjected to the first treatment step; a substrate; and a connection flow channel for connecting the first fluid module and the second fluid module disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes a microchannel having an interior bounded by a side wall, an inlet, a switching region, and a plurality of outlet channels downstream of the switching region. The microchannel is formed in a microfluidic chip substrate and configured to accommodate a flow of liquid through the microchannel. The microfluidic device includes a valve operatively coupled to the switching region comprising a sealed reservoir. A side passage extends between the reservoir and the interior of the microchannel via an aperture in the side wall and is configured to accommodate a volume of liquid between the interior of the microchannel and the reservoir. The microfluidic device includes an actuator integrated into the microfluidic chip and configured to increase an internal pressure of the reservoir and move at least a portion of the volume of the liquid from the side passage into the microchannel to deflect a portion of the liquid flowing through the microchannel.

Abstract: An analyzing device includes: an operation cavity that is adjacent to a first reserving cavity retaining a sample liquid, in a circumferential direction of rotational driving; a connecting section provided on a side wall of the first reserving cavity to suck the sample liquid by a capillary force and transfer the sample liquid to the operation cavity; and second reserving cavities that are disposed outside the operation cavity in the circumferential direction of the rotational driving and communicate with the outermost position of the operation cavity through a connecting passage. The connecting section is circumferentially extended farther than the liquid level of the sample liquid retained in the first reserving cavity.

Abstract: The present specimen treatment chip includes: a first flow channel for forming a droplet containing a mixed liquid of a nucleic acid, a reagent for an amplification reaction of the nucleic acid, and a carrier to which a primer for binding to the nucleic acid is added, in a dispersion medium; a second flow channel for amplifying the nucleic acid in the droplet; and a third flow channel for mixing the droplet containing the carrier with the primer having bound to an amplification product of the nucleic acid, and a reagent for breaking down the droplet, to break down the droplet.

Abstract: An EWOD device for processing multiple droplets through multiple temperature zones. The device is configured to achieve a high spatial density of temperature zones with a wide temperature difference between hot and cold zones. A first set of temperature control elements is arranged above (or below) a fluid gap in an EWOD device and a second set of temperature control elements is arranged below (or above) the fluid gap. A temperature control element of one set is offset from temperature control elements of the other set in the plane of the fluid gap. The temperature control element of one set may be located at a different separation from the fluid gap to the temperature control element of the other set. The device has an optional temperature control element and/or arrangement which offsets the low temperature point from the inlet temperature. The two sets of temperature control elements are substantially interacting, in the sense that they cannot be considered to be thermally isolated from one another.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for performing PCR by thermal convection. The device includes a first bracket, a second bracket, a temperature sensing device, a power supplying device, a processor and an accommodation space. The device uses transparent conductive film to replace conventional thermostat metal stock to perform a heat process required in the PCR or RT-PCR process. The device further uses a reagent container whose bottom portion contacts the transparent conductive film and being heated by the transparent conductive film to establish a thermal circulation in the reagent container. The device can qualify or quantify the product of PCR or RT-PCR process by further incorporating specific probes, fluorescence material, light source, light receiver and light regulator.

Abstract: Provided in part herein are pipette tip rack assemblies having one or more of the following features: (i) having a plurality of pipette tip receptacle plates, each plate having an array of pipette tips, stacked upon one another supported by a rack base; (ii) each plate having one or more projections from the proximal or distal surface and, optionally, orifices that oppose the projections of the next plate in the stack, and (iii) the rack base having a proximal surface with one or more orifices or projections that oppose the projections or orifices of the plate in the stack. Also provided are methods of dispensing pipette tips from pipette tip rack assemblies and manufacturing pipette tip rack assembly components.

Abstract: A crusher bucket comprising a casing in which there are mounted crushing means comprising a fixed jaw and a movable jaw, in which the movable jaw is supported on the casing by means of a pair of eccentric shafts, wherein at least one of the eccentric shafts is directly fixed to the side walls of the casing.

Abstract: A gyratory crusher includes an inner and an outer crushing shell. The outer crushing shell has three regions along its axial length including: an inlet region that tapers radially inward from an uppermost first end; a crushing region that extends radially inward from a second lowermost end; and a radially innermost shoulder region that is positioned axially between the inlet and crushing regions. An angle of inclination of a radially inward facing surface at the inlet and shoulder regions and the axial length of the crushing surface are designed to optimise crushing capacity in addition maximising reduction.

Abstract: Crushing mill including a crushing chamber, an inlet pipe of the refuse to be crushed connected to the crushing chamber, and a thruster member associated to the inlet pipe; the crushing mill includes a compactor apparatus for the refuse to be crushed provided with one or more presser elements positioned in correspondence to the inlet pipe of the refuse to be crushed and configured to be moved from at least a first inactive position, in which they allow the loading of the refuse to be crushed into the inlet pipe, to at least a second active position in which they compact the refuse in the pipe; the mass of compacted refuse in the inlet pipe is sent to the crushing chamber by means of the thruster member.

Abstract: The invention relates to an agitator ball mill, with a grinding container, the inner side of which is made of a ceramic material, a rotor arranged inside the grinding container with a grinding gap formed between the surface of rotor and the inner side of the grinding container, a plurality of cams, fitted to the inner side of the grinding container and extend radially inwards. Wherein the ratio of the height of each cam and the inner diameter of the grinding container is 0.05, and wherein the ratio of the height of each cam and the grinding gap width is 0.35.

Abstract: A classifier including a housing to take in air flow from below into a radially outer region of an inside space; a flow deflection portion to deflect the air flow toward a center axis of the housing; and an annular rotational portion disposed rotatably in a radially inner region positioned on a radially inner side of the radially outer region, of the inside space of the housing, and configured to classify particles which accompany the air flow. The annular rotational portion includes a plurality of rotational blades arranged at intervals around a rotational axis of the annular rotational portion. The plurality of rotational blades form an outer shape of the annular rotational portion forms an angle ? of not greater than 75° with a segment extended in a horizontal direction from the annular rotational portion outward in a radial direction, in a side view of the annular rotational portion.

Abstract: A magnetic filtration device for installing as a replacement to a standard drain plug commonly positioned at the bottom of the reservoir. The magnetic filtration device may attract and capture magnetic (ferromagnetic) particulate circulating throughout a mechanical system. Applications for the device include engines, motors, pumps, compressors, gear boxes, transmissions, hydraulic systems, and generators. The magnetic filtration device may comprise a magnet core enclosed within a magnet casing, with additional magnetic rods affixed to and/or arranged around the magnet casing.

Abstract: Fluid separation chambers are provided for rotation about an axis in a fluid processing system. The fluid separation chamber may be provided with first and second stages, with the first and second stages being positioned at different axial locations. In another embodiment, at least one of the stages may be provided with a non-uniform outer diameter about the rotational axis, which may define a generally spiral-shaped profile or a different profile for fractionating a fluid or fluid component. One or more of the stages may also have a varying outer diameter along the axis. The profile of the chamber may be provided by the chamber itself (in the case of rigid chambers) or by an associated fixture or centrifuge apparatus (in the case of flexible chambers).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributor and a down flow catalytic reactor comprising same, and according to one aspect of the present invention, provides a distributor comprising: an inside downcomer which has a first flow space; an outside downcomer which is disposed so as to surround at least some area of the inside downcomer, and has a second flow space partitioned from the first flow space of the inside downcomer; an outside cap which has a plurality of first slots and is mounted on the inside downcomer so as to enable a fluid that has passed through the first slots to flow to the first flow space; and an inside cap which has a plurality of second slots and is mounted on the outside downcomer so as to enable a fluid that has passed through the second slots to flow to the second flow space.

Abstract: An electrical dispensing assembly for a shower sprinkler having a body provided with multiple first outlets includes a dispensing disk having multiple second outlets communicating with the first outlets of the body, a rotation disk rotatably mounted on top of the dispensing disk and having at least two third outlets each alternately communicating with one of the second outlets so as to change water output pattern from the body and a driving device mounted on a side of the rotation disk to drive the rotation disk for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: Various embodiments for an adjustable flow nozzle system having a manifold with a plurality of adjustable flow nozzles in which the flow rate of each adjustable flow nozzle may be individually adjusted are described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an improved rotating lawn sprinkler capable of precisely watering lawns with straight edges without over-spraying onto sidewalks and fences. More specifically, the invention relates to a rotating sprinkler with a plane of rotation is adjustable upwards or downwards from horizontal that will water in a triangle pattern when the plane of rotation is angled downwards from horizontal or a diamond pattern when the plane of rotation is angled upwards from horizontal. These watering patterns are possible because the axis of rotation is adjustable, which adjusts the plane of rotation. By adjusting the plane of rotation, the nozzle trajectory is being continually increased or decreased as the sprinkler rotates, which causes the watering pattern to form patterns with straight lines rather than traditional watering arcs.

Abstract: A shaping air spurting member (9) is formed in a tubular shape by using a conductive material, and is arranged on an outer peripheral side of a rotary atomizing head (4) in a state where a front end thereof is positioned in an intermediate section of the rotary atomizing head (4) in a length direction. The shaping air spurting member (9) has a front surface section (9D) that is provided with many numbers of air spurting holes (10, 12) for spurting shaping air toward paint particles sprayed from the rotary atomizing head (4). In addition, a shield member (14) composed of an annular body extending radially is provided on an outer diameter side of the front surface section (9D) in the shaping air spurting member (9) to shield electric flux lines traveling toward the rotary atomizing head (4) from each of electrodes (6C) in an external electrode member (6).

Abstract: A dual-use, low-pressure spray gun for applying one-component foam as a spray and a bead including a low-pressure canister connector and a low-pressure air hose connector. A system for applying one-component spray foam as a spray and a bead including a dual-use spray gun with a low-pressure canister connector and a low-pressure air hose connector, a compressed air supply and a compressed air hose.

Abstract: A metering and mixing device contains a multichamber cartridge and a cartridge holder having a reception container for the multichamber cartridge and a compressed air connection and a connection for an application device. The reception container has an internal tube arranged coaxially to the walls of the cartridge holder and equipped with static mixing elements. The multichamber cartridge contains an upper portion having a directional valve, a middle portion configured as a tubular empty space surrounded by at least two chambers arranged tubularly in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, and a lower portion having a piston for each chamber. The multichamber cartridge is arranged in the cartridge holder such that the inner wall of the inner tube of the multichamber cartridge bears, leak-tight, against the outer wall of the tube of the cartridge holder.

Abstract: An electric power washer apparatus and system including a water inlet that receives pressurized water, a pump fluidly connected to the water inlet, a motor powering the pump to increase the pressure of the pressurized water, a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to the pump, the first heat exchanger including an in-cast heating element, a gun fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger, and preferably a second heat exchanger connected in series or parallel to the first heat exchanger to provide additional heating to the fluid as it passes through the system. The system further preferably includes an unloader, a pressure regulating valve, a thermostat, a detergent system, and may include a variety of styles of heat exchangers so long as at least one is an in-cast heat exchanger. These other styles of heat exchangers may include a tank style heating element or an encased style heating element.

Abstract: A piston for use in a cartridge for dispensing multi-part fluids, the piston being injection molded and having integrally formed circumferential seals, wherein the piston is molded in the absence of a longitudinal parting line across the seals. A tool for forming a piston having a plurality of circumferential seals for use in a cartridge for dispensing multi-part fluids, the tool comprising a plurality of segments together defining a piston cavity corresponding to an outer periphery of the piston.

Abstract: A sealant coating nozzle and a sealant coating apparatus are provided. The sealant coating nozzle includes a nozzle cavity, a nozzle opening communicated with the nozzle cavity, telescopic inner films located in the nozzle cavity and driving apparatuses configured to drive the telescopic inner films to deform in the nozzle cavity; a volume of the nozzle cavity is reduced by the telescopic inner films in a first deformation state to extrude sealant in the nozzle cavity via the nozzle opening, and the volume of the nozzle cavity is increased by the telescopic inner films in a second deformation state to suck the sealant at the nozzle opening into the nozzle cavity.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for determining process parameters for the spray application of viscous fluids, which can include an application system, which can be actuated by predefining input parameters, for a viscous fluid having at least the components of metering device, fluid valve, and application nozzle. The dynamic behavior of the application system can be dependent, with respect to the volume flow profile of the viscous fluid during the application, and also on predefinable control process parameters. Methods are disclosed for determining and applying process parameters for the spray application of viscous fluids with a system, and for controlling the spray application of an application system, which can be actuated by predefining input parameters, for a viscous fluid.

Abstract: A method of coating frame sealant and device are disclosed, to coat areas having different shapes and widths with the frame sealant. The method of coating frame sealant comprises the steps of dividing an area to be coated with frame sealant on a display panel into different subareas based on a contour of the area, the subareas comprising a linear-type subarea to be coated with the frame sealant and a curve-type subarea to be coated with the frame sealant; providing a coating instruction for each subarea to be coated with the frame sealant among the different subareas; and coating the frame sealant to the subarea according to the coating instruction.

Abstract: A coating system includes: a plurality of coating robots fixed in a coating booth, the plurality of coating robots being configured to coat a vehicle conveyed in a predetermined conveyance direction; and a fixed-type operation robot fixed in the coating booth on an upstream side or a downstream side of the plurality of coating robots in the conveyance direction, the fixed-type operation robot being configured to operate an open/close member provided at a front or a rear portion of the vehicle, the fixed-type operation robot including a first arm turning around a vertical axis.

Abstract: Provided is an operation method for a coating exhaust treatment system that includes a filter configured to filter discharged air discharged from a coating chamber in which a coating object is spray-coated and collect overspray coating material included in the discharged air, and a powder dispersal means configured to disperse powder for forming a filter covering layer in the discharged air and form a filter covering layer made of a layer of the accumulated powder on a surface on the filter as the discharged air passes through the filter, the method including, when the number of repetitions of a first operation reaches a set number while the first operation and a second operation are being repeatedly carried out alternatingly, discarding coating material-containing powder and supplying fresh powder to a first supply tank, and when the number of repetitions of the second operation reaches the set number, discarding the coating material-containing powder and supplying the fresh powder to the second supply tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vibratable head (1) for an aerosol generator (2), the vibratable head (1) comprising a support member (4), a vibratable membrane (6) supported by the support member (4) and a vibrator (8) configured to vibrate the vibratable membrane (6). The method comprises the steps of providing the support member (4), roughening a surface portion (10) of the support member (4) by laser structuring, applying an adhesive (9) to at least a part of the roughened surface portion (10) of the support member (4) and attaching at least one element to the support member (4) by at least a portion of the adhesive (9). Further, the invention relates to a vibratable head (1) manufactured by this method, an aerosol generator (2) comprising such a vibratable head (1) and a method of manufacturing such an aerosol generator (2).

Abstract: The present invention discloses an oil container and applicator system to spread oil on cling films. The applicator includes an elongated container to hold oil, an elongated sponge or roller attached to the top of the container, and an attachment means to attach the container to a cling film box. As the film is passed over the sponge or the roller, it is coated with oil. Once the desired amount of film is removed from the box, the film is cut by a cutter on the container.

Abstract: At the time of forming a paste layer on a substrate sheet by use of three rolls placed at right angles, in order to offset a variation amount of a first gap due to thermal expansion of the rolls, a variation amount in a given detection period is calculated by use of outputs of a first sensor configured to detect a coating film surface of a second-roll coating film of a second roll and a second sensor configured to detect a second-roll surface, and the first roll is moved by use of a first-roll moving mechanism.

Abstract: A dispensing apparatus is disclosed for dispensing fluid, such as liquid adhesive, from a fluid cartridge having a plunger movable between opposite ends within the cartridge. The dispensing apparatus is releasably coupled to a robot in order to control discharging of the fluid at a particular location. Movement of the plunger is carried out by a cartridge actuator assembly that includes a linear actuator, such as a servomotor, that moves a piston rod into engagement with the plunger such that the plunger can be movable under a force applied by the piston rod. A dispense section of the dispensing apparatus includes a valve assembly with a snuff-back mechanism that prevents excess dripping from an outlet of the dispenser. An end effector assembly may be coupled to the dispense section for dispensing the fluid to an application site in a precise and controlled manner.

Abstract: A method of calibrating the jetting profile includes applying voltage to a piezoelectric actuator to move a valve closure structure between non-impact and impact positions, sensing the position of the valve closure structure, establishing a reference point using voltage and position data, and using the reference point to adjust the voltage applied. Another method uses a mechanical stop to calibrate a jetting system. This method includes applying voltage to the piezoelectric actuator to move the valve closure structure between non-impact and impact calibration positions, sensing the position of the valve closure structure, generating voltage and position calibration data, establishing a master reference point using this data, and using the master reference point to determine wear of at least one of: the piezoelectric actuator and the valve closure structure. Another method of operating a jetting system includes the user inputting information into a control component.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses herein provide for the application of viscous fluids, such as adhesives, in pre-determined patterns, to an advancing substrate. The fluid applicator comprises a slot die applicator and a substrate carrier. The slot die applicator comprises a plurality of applicator channels, each applicator channel being controlled by a switching valve, and wherein the switching valves are independently switchable.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for dispensing a viscous fluid whether in combination, disassembly or assembly. The apparatus comprising a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing the fluid and having an openable or opened outlet structure which, when opened, allows the expression of the fluid from a created outlet aperture. A nozzle is engaged or engageable to the outlet structure and/or cartridge, reservoir or tube whereby fluid expressed from the outlet aperture can subsequently move to and be expressed from the nozzle outlet. The openable or opened outlet structure is adapted to provide on opening at least one outlet aperture having a size of area A; and wherein the nozzle has or is adapted to be cut to provide a nozzle outlet of area B, area B being greater than or equal to area A.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mobile radiation system that comprises a mobile radiation device coupled to a control unit; a radiation blocker having an adaptor opening for receiving said mobile radiation device when said mobile radiation device is in a seated position on said radiation blocker; and a mobile carrier comprising a first compartment for housing said radiation blocker, a second compartment for housing said control unit, and one or more carrier motion devices. The adaptor opening can dimensionally fit the mobile radiation device to block radiations from the mobile radiation device when said mobile radiation device is in the seated position. The mobile radiation device can produce radiation having peak radiation wavelength in a range of from 250 nm to 450 nm and can have a peak irradiation power in a range of from 0.5 W/cm2 to 10 W/cm2.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for applying materials at interface areas formed by fasteners and parts. Specifically, a material is delivered to an interface area such that at least a portion of a fastener remains free from this material. The interface area may be sealed such that the material is contained within that area. As such, a controlled amount of the material is dispensed in a precise location. An applicator used for this process may include a housing and inner guide slidably disposed within this housing. The material may be delivered through an annular flow channel between the housing and inner guide. The inner guide may be sealed against and, in some embodiments, centered with respect to the fastener. The housing may be sealed with respect to the part and, in some embodiments, may be rotated with respect to the part to redistribute the material at the interface area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating an elongated object using a plasma process. The method comprises the steps of providing an elongated object in a planar electrode structure, and applying potential differences between electrodes of an electrode structure to generate the plasma process. Further, the method comprises at least partially surrounding the elongated object by a unitary section of the guiding structure, the electrode structure being associated with the unitary section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered sheet comprising Mg-based alloy substrate, micro-arc oxidized layers formed on two opposite surfaces of the Mg-based alloy substrate and graphene-based barrier coating on either one or both of the micro-arc oxidized layers, wherein said graphene-based barrier coating comprises 20-70 wt % of graphene based on the total weight of the graphene-based barrier coating, a process for preparing the multi-layered sheet and the use of the multi-layered sheet as a housing in laptop, tablet PC, desktop computer, smart phone and 3C electronic devices.

Abstract: A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer includes an element. The element includes a plurality of cells. First electrodes in the plurality of cells are electrically connected together to form a first common electrode, and second electrodes in the plurality of cells are electrically connected together to form a second common electrode. The first common electrode and the second common electrode are opposed to each other only in an area with the gap therebetween. An area of the element with the first common electrode is wider than an area of the element without the first common electrode.

Abstract: Bellows (1) connecting adjacent carriages (3), in particular carriages of a material handling sorter (2) along a predetermined path (P), being robust and reliable, comprises opposite heads (4a, 4b) each being associated with a carriage (3) and a pleated structure (5) with a preset number of substantially M-shaped elements (6) being provided with a plurality of vertices (7), as well as a bearing structure (8) formed by a base structure (8) and by a frame (8?) slidingly abutting on the base structure (8% such base structure (8?) and such frame (8?) being rigid and cooperating with each other, being placed between adjacent carriages inside the bellows (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a liquid medium irradiated with UV radiation onto a substrate is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: a housing having an elongated chamber, at least one inlet opening, which opens into the chamber, and at least one slit shaped outlet opening opposite the inlet opening, which extends over the length of the chamber, a tube element, which extends in a longitudinal direction through the chamber, the tube element being at least partially transparent to UV radiation, wherein the tube element is arranged in the chamber such that a flow space is formed between the tube element and the wall of the chamber, the flow space being symmetric with respect to a longitudinal centre plane of the chamber, the longitudinal centre plane dissecting the outlet opening in its middle, and such that the tube element extends into the slit shaped outlet opening in the housing and thereby forms two longitudinally extending outlet silts between the tube element and the housing, and at least one UV-radiation sour

Abstract: Methods and systems for cleaning floor surfaces are provided. In various embodiments, floor cleaning devices comprise enhanced cleaning and disinfecting capabilities. A clean fluid storage tank and a spent fluid storage tank are provided on-board the device. Means for creating cavitation bubbles to enhance cleaning are contemplated. Additionally, chemical agents and systems are contemplated for sanitizing surfaces as well as fluid that is captured or recaptured by the device.

Abstract: A control system for cleaning and monitoring a sensor assembly disposed externally on a vehicle is provided and includes a contaminant detection/identification sub-system that measures a resonant frequency of the sensor assembly to detect contaminants disposed on an exposed surface of the sensor assembly. A cleaning sub-system is provided and includes cleaning modes that expel the contaminants from the exposed surface of the sensor assembly. A temperature monitoring device monitors a temperature of an actuator disposed in the sensor assembly and a fault detection device detects faults in the sensor assembly.

Abstract: A sorptive wiper for cleaning is disclosed, the wipe comprising a cleaned and dried sorptive material having fewer than 150 contaminant fibers per square meter that are greater than 100 ?m in length.