Abstract: Disclosed are methods to remove organic and/or inorganic compounds (e.g., contaminants) from water containing organic and/or inorganic compounds, involving contacting the water with an effective organic and/or inorganic compounds removing amount of hemoglobin/Fe3O4 composite where the compounds in the water adsorb onto the hemoglobin/Fe3O4 composite, and removing (e.g., using a magnet since the composite is magnetic) the hemoglobin/Fe3O4 composite from the water.

Abstract: Methods and systems for acid regeneration of ion exchange resins are disclosed. Acid resins designed for use in a variety of cleaning application using a water source use a treated, softened, acidic water source according to the invention. Various methods of using the softened acidic water generated by acid regenerate-able ion exchange resins are disclosed to beneficially reduce spotting, filming and scale buildup on treated surfaces, reduce and/or eliminate the need for polymers, threshold reagents and/or rinse aids, and using protons generated in the acidic water effluent for triggering events useful in various cleaning applications.

Abstract: This electrolyzed water production device (1A) includes an electrolytic bath (3) that discharges electrolyzed products generated by electrolysis of a raw material solution from an outlet (2); a mixing section (4) that mixes the electrolyzed products with dilution water to generate electrolyzed water; and a mounting section (6) that has a connecting section (19) where a hole section (20) connected to the outlet (2) is formed and that allows the electrolytic bath (3) to be detachably mounted thereto. By moving either the electrolytic bath (3) or the connecting section (6) relative to the other, the communication between the outlet (2) and the hole section (20) is allowed or released. Additionally, the electrolytic bath (3) is mounted on the mounting section (6) in a state where the inside of the electrolytic bath (3) is filled with a predetermined amount of the raw material solution and sealed in advance and an additional raw material solution cannot be injected thereinto.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, systems and methods for the controllable oxidation of bromide into bromine either directly through electrochemical (EC) anodes or indirectly through electrochemically generated oxidants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave to a target object or a target region that is formed by the target object and a medium surrounding the target object, comprising a device for generating a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave where the time-varying AC wave is riding on the predefined DC bias voltage. When applied to the object or region, the superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave is able to induce a flow of ionic current having a DC component traveling in a pulsating and time-varying manner in the target object and/or in the medium and effect induced vibration of electrons and molecules of the target object and the medium. The invention also relates to a method applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave to a target object or a target region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for treating water within a water system to control one or more of scaling, corrosion, bacteria and algae. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to water within a water system, such as, for example, cooling water systems, cooling towers, boiler systems and water storage systems. The method and the system of the invention significantly reduce capital costs and require very low energy, they avoid environmentally unfriendly final products, and are able to result in various treatment effects simultaneously.

Abstract: Methods for reducing and regulating the acidification of water are provided. The method for reducing the acidification of water includes contacting at least one melanin material with the water and catalyzing a reaction between the water, CO2 and/or bicarbonate that produces glucose and increases pH of the water. The acidification of water is regulated by removing the at least one melanin material from the water once a desired pH of the water has been attained. The methods for reducing and regulating the acidification of water are particularly suited for the treatment of seawater that has been acidified by naturally occurring or artificially initiated reactions that increase free hydrogen ions in water, for example absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for treating oil sands process-affected water containing contaminants, including dissolved organics is provided, comprising: injecting a foaming gas into an oil sands process-affected water to generate an organics-enriched foamate and treated water; and removing the organics-enriched foamate from the treated water to remove contaminants, including at least a portion of the dissolved organics from the treated water.

Abstract: A water purification electrode composed of a porous carbon material is disclosed. The electrode may be used as a flow-through cathode in an electro-peroxone process providing high H2O2 production activity for electrochemical wastewater treatment. The porous carbon material is a binding agent-free carbon structure that enables H2O2 to be electro-generated in situ at cathode. The porous carbon material may be synthesized from resorcinol and can provide a relatively large reaction surface area of 200-800 m2/g. The porous carbon material also achieves low energy consumption as well as a wide pH working range, making it suitable for treating many types of organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants in water. The electrode may be integrated with an anode, ozone generator, and other components into a compact, integrated water purification system.

Abstract: A system may include a reactor, in which an anaerobic environment exists, that includes a slurry of at least contaminated water and a mixed bacterial culture of facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. The mixed bacterial culture may be suspended within the slurry. The contaminated water may include contaminants associated with a non-metal, a metal, or a metalloid. The mixed bacterial culture may react with the contaminated water to reduce or remove the contaminants from the contaminated water to create a treated slurry. The reactor may output the treated slurry. The system may also include a filtration device to receive the treated slurry; remove, from the treated slurry, the mixed bacterial culture and the contaminants, reduced or removed from the contaminated water, to create treated water; and output the treated water. The system may also include an aeration device to add dissolved oxygen to the treated water, and output the treated water.

Abstract: A gravity-fed filtration apparatus includes a filter housing having a water inlet near an upper portion of the filter housing and a water outlet near a lower portion of the filter housing. A water filter having a plurality of discs is removably stacked within an interior cavity of the filter housing between the water inlet and the water outlet. An outer perimeter portion of each of the plurality of discs sealingly engages with an inner surface of the filter housing. A first disc of the plurality of discs comprises a first plurality of diffusers and a disinfectant media. A second disc of the plurality of discs comprises a mesh. The lower portion of the filter housing is configured to be disposed in the mouth of a water vessel.

Abstract: A method of controlling an optical element manufacturing apparatus includes: heating a cavity formed of a pair of upper and lower dies to a first temperature where an optical element material softens and becomes formable by the pair of dies; heating the cavity to a second temperature where the optical element material is deformed due to a weight of the optical element material in a state of not being in contact with the upper die, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature; and pressing the pair of dies for transfer of forming surfaces of the pair of dies onto the optical element material, the forming surfaces being outside a range where a forming surface of a die has been transferred by the deformation due to the weight in the state where the optical element material is not in contact with the upper die at the second temperature.

Abstract: A glass-plate working apparatus 1 includes: a scribe line forming device 5, glass-plate bend-breaking devices 15A and 15B, glass-plate peripheral edge grinding devices 19A and 19B, and a glass-plate transporting device 20 for carrying in and carrying out two glass plates 2 at a time with respect to each of the scribe line forming device 5, the glass-plate bend-breaking devices 15A and 15B, and the glass-plate peripheral edge grinding devices 19A and 19B, and X-Y coordinate system controlled movement of the glass-plate peripheral edge grinding devices 19A and 19B in simultaneous grinding of peripheral edges of the glass plates 2 is adapted to be effected independently of each other.

Abstract: A high refraction low dispersion optical glass, the components thereof including, by weight percentage: B2O3: 1-30%; SiO2: 0-20%; La2O3: 25-55%; Gd2O3: 5-40%; Y2O3: 0-25%; Yb2O3: 0-10%; Ta2O5: 0-10%; Nb2O5: 1-30%; TiO2: 0-10%; ZrO2: 0.5-20%; WO3: 0-10%; ZnO: 0-15%; R2O: 0-10%; RO: 0-10%; Al2O3: 0-10%; GeO2: 0-10%; Bi2O3: 0-10%. A high refraction low dispersion environmentally friendly optical glass having excellent light transmittance may be obtained by reducing the Ta2O5 content within the glass components and introducing suitable amounts of rare earth oxide components having a high refraction low dispersion effect.

Abstract: A glass substrate contains, as a glass matrix composition as represented by mole percentage based on oxides, SiO2: 58-75%, Al2O3: 4.5-16%, B2O3: 0-6%, MgO: 0-6%, CaO: 0-6%, SrO: 5-20%, BaO: 5-20%, and MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO: 15-40%. The glass substrate has an alkali metal oxide content of 0-0.1% as represented by mole percentage based on oxides. The glass substrate has an average coefficient of thermal expansion ? of 56-90 (×10?7/° C.) at 50° C.-350° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ultraviolet-absorbing glass article comprising a glass matrix composition including, in mass % in terms of oxide contents, 66-75% SiO2, 10-20% Na2O, 5-15% CaO, 0-6% MgO, 0-5% Al2O3, 0-5% K2O, at least 0.8% to less than 2.4% total iron content in terms of Fe2O3 (t-Fe2O3), 0-0.01% Cr2O3, 0.02-0.04% CoO, 0.0005-0.0045% Se, and greater than 0% to at most 1% TiO2, wherein: the amount of redox is from 20% to 30% inclusive; redox, t-Fe2O3, and TiO2 satisfy a predetermined relationship; and t-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, CoO, and Se satisfy a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a glass for a data storage medium substrate which contains a specific amount of each of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, in molar percentage based on the oxides, and does not substantially contain B2O3 or ZrO2, wherein the sum of the Li2O, Na2O, and K2O contents (R2O), the molar ratio of the SiO2 content to the Al2O3 content (SiO2/Al2O3), and the molar ratio of the sum of the SiO2 and Al2O3 contents (SiO2+Al2O3) to R2O [(SiO2+Al2O3)/R2O] fall within their specific ranges, formula (1): 90<[SiO2]+2×[Al2O3]+0.8×[RO]?0.5×[R2O] [in formula (1), RO represents the sum of the MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO contents] is satisfied, and the glass transition point Tg, the alkali resistance, and the acid resistance fall within their specific ranges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glasses having a composition made up of base glasses. The glasses have a good chemical toughenability in combination with an advantageous coefficient of thermal expansion. Owing to their composition and the production process, the homogeneity of the properties of the glasses at their surface is high compared to the bulk glass. Furthermore, the fragility of the glasses is low, so that they can be processed to produce very thin glass articles.

Abstract: A glass having a good hydrolytic resistance and alkali resistance is defined by a targeted combination of stoichiometric glasses, including glasses also existing as crystals in the same stoichiometry and whose properties can be assumed as being very similar due to the identical topology of the structural units for glass and crystal, respectively. A process of producing the glasses is also provided.

Abstract: A highly purified quartz powder having a low level of naturally occurring lithium modified for cladding a fiber optic cable, said modified quartz powder having an increased total amount of lithium in solid solution in said powder, said increased total amount being in the range of more than 0.50 ppm and less than 1.00 ppm and a method of modifying an highly purified quartz powder to make the same.

Abstract: Bird collisions with windows or other glazings are minimized or prevented with a glazing comprising as least one substrate with a UV reflectance coating deposited over the substrate in a patterned arrangement comprised of a plurality of stripes, and each of the plurality of stripes has a thickness that changes by 10 nm or less over every 1 mm in width. Such an arrangement of stripes having soft edges are less apparent, and thus more aesthetically pleasing, when compared with a similar arrangement of stripes formed with hard edges, while providing an effective deterrent to bird collisions. The glazing may also be utilized as part of a laminated glazing or insulated glazing unit. A method of manufacturing the glazing is also provided.

Abstract: A protective glazing is provided that has long-term stability against degradation under high temperatures. The protective glazing includes a glass or glass ceramic pane having two opposite faces and being transparent in the visible spectral range and an infrared radiation reflecting coating on at least one of the faces. The coating includes a first layer on the face and a second layer deposited on the first layer. The first layer is a doped transparent conductive oxide and the second layer is an X-ray amorphous oxide layer or of a nitride layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sintering sand. An object of the invention consists in using energy-saving sintering to make it possible to use round-grain sand with evenly distributed grain fractions as a building material, and particularly as an aggregate. The object is achieved by providing a focusing device (3) for thermal energy-rich radiation (2) for generating at least one focal point (5) on the surface of a bulk sand (10) and a positioning device (6) for continuous relative movement between the focal point (5) and the sand (10). The object is further achieved by using desert sand as an aggregate for a construction element (12), characterized in that grain agglomerates (11) of desert sand (10) obtained by sintering are introduced as an aggregate into a matrix material (13).

Abstract: Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The cured cement contains water, cement, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurries have, among other attributes, improved rheology, such as improved flowability and pumpability and may be used, for instance, in the oil and gas drilling industry. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material and a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10. The cured cement have improved strength and density properties due to reduced fluid loss and even placement during curing. The cured cement contains a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10.

Abstract: A lightweight structural concrete formulation comprises a wet mix of about 460 kg/m3 of cementitious material such as ordinary Portland cement of which about 50 percent has been replaced by ground granulated basic furnace slag (GGBFS) and 7 percent by silica fume (SF) in other words the mix introduces between about 178 and 228 kg/m3 therefore the combination is good to produce secondary reaction products when the cement hydrates which produces secondary calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) which makes the structure dense and thereby increases its mechanical durability characteristics of the concrete product. Possible ratios of GGBFS and SF are 30-70 percent and 5-10 percent, respectively. By making the structures dense increases the mechanical and durability characteristics of the concrete product. Other ratios have been made including GGBFS of 30-70 percent and silica fume 5-10 percent, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a zirconia sintered body that uses coloring of cerium oxide, the zirconia sintered body exhibiting a bright red color. The zirconia sintered body includes an oxide of cerium is an amount of 0.5% by mole or more and less than 4% by mole in terms of CeO2, yttria in an amount of 2% by mole or more and less than 6% by mole, an oxide of aluminum in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and less than 2% by weight, and the balance being zirconia. The oxide of cerium contains trivalent cerium, and the zirconia has a crystal structure including a tetragonal phase.

Abstract: A method for producing a dielectric ceramic includes: shaping mixed powdery particles including a cordierite material (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2) and a low-temperature-sintering material including Al, Si and Sr, the Si being partially vitrified; and firing the resultant shaped body. The method includes the step of wet-pulverizing the low-temperature-sintering material together with at least the cordierite material to prepare mixed powder particles having a median diameter D50 less than 1 ?m; and, in a process until a time of the preparation of the mixed powder particles, the low-temperature-sintering material undergoes no step of wet-pulverizing only the low-temperature-sintering material, and drying the resultant pulverized material.

Abstract: A dielectric composition, a dielectric element, an electronic component and a laminated electronic component are disclosed. In an embodiment the dielectric composition includes particles having a perovskite crystal structure including at least Bi, Na, Sr and Ti, wherein the dielectric composition includes at least one selected from among La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ba, Ca, Mg and Zn, wherein the content of the at least one selected from among La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ba, Ca, Mg and Zn is between 0.5 molar parts and 11.1 molar parts, taking the Ti content of the dielectric composition as 100 molar parts, wherein 0.17???2.83, where ? is the molar ratio of Bi with respect to Sr in the dielectric composition.

Abstract: There is provided a lead- and potassium-free piezoelectric material having a high piezoelectric constant and a satisfactory insulation property and a piezoelectric element that includes the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material contains a perovskite-type metal oxide having the general formula (1): (NaxBa1-y)(NbyTi1-y)O3 (wherein x satisfies 0.80?x?0.95, and y satisfies 0.85?y?0.95); and at least one rare-earth element selected from La, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, wherein the rare-earth element content is more than 0 mol % and 5 mol % or less of the amount of perovskite-type metal oxide. The piezoelectric element includes the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A method for the production of polygranular graphite bodies including the step of provisioning a mixture including a high-temperature treated anthracite having a high vitrinite content and a petroleum-based needle coke and/or a pitch-based needle coke, and provisioning at least one binder coke precursor. The method also includes the steps of forming a green body from the mixture from the provisioning step, and carbonizing and graphitizing the green body.

Abstract: A cemented carbide including a hard phase, a binding phase, and inevitable impurities. The hard phase satisfies a first hard phase composed mainly of tungsten carbide, and a second hard phase composed mainly of a compound. The compound contains multiple types of metallic elements including tungsten and at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. The second hard phase satisfies D10/D90<0.4, wherein D10 denotes a cumulative 10% grain size in an area-based grain size distribution on a surface or cross section of the cemented carbide, and D90 denotes a cumulative 90% grain size in the area-based grain size distribution, and satisfies ?2<5.0, wherein ?2 denotes the variance of the distance between the centroids of the nearest two of the second hard phases. The average grain size DW of the first hard phase ranges from 0.8 to 4.0 ?m and satisfies DM/DW<1.0, wherein DM denotes the average grain size of the second hard phase.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a coating includes a plurality of elongated reinforcing materials. The coating includes a bond coat in which a first portion of a first elongated reinforcing material is embedded. The coating further includes a ceramic coat adjacent the bond coat in which a second portion of the first elongated reinforcing material is embedded.

Abstract: The present application provides for water capsules, preparation methods of water capsules, a preparation method for lightweight concrete and a structure of lightweight concrete. Each of the water capsules comprises an alkali-sensitive shell and water inside; the water capsules are used to mix with a cementitious matrix, the water capsules can survive during concrete mixing and transportation processes but then gradually rupture in hardened concrete; the water released during the hardening of the concrete is beneficial for the hydration of the concrete. The water capsules and their preparation method, the preparation method for and structure of the lightweight concrete of the present application are of unique design and strong practicability.

Abstract: An example method may include applying a bond coat comprising silicon or a silicon alloy on a surface of a ceramic or ceramic matrix composite substrate, where the bond coat comprises a plurality of pores; infiltrating a precursor into at least some pores of the plurality of pores; and heat-treating the bond coat and the precursor, where after heat-treating a porosity of the bond coat is less than about 5 vol. %, and where after heat-treating, the bond coat is substantially free of continuous porosity extending through a thickness of the bond coat.

Abstract: A refractory article used at high temperature contains a silica, calcium silicate or mullite matrix with at least a surface having an open porosity filled at least partially with a sulfate, phosphate, or carbonate salt or a mixture of sulfate, phosphate or carbonate salts. The refractory article is resistant to the corrosion and build-up of non-ferrous metals and their alloys.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an ammonium phosphate fertilizer from a phosphoric acid aqueous solution that has less than 50% P2O5 concentration and is obtained by wet phosphate ore treatment, said phosphoric acid containing traces of cadmium, comprising the following steps: (a) neutralizing said phosphoric acid solution (1) with ammonia (3) up to a molar ratio N/P of between 0.1 and 0.8, (b) reacting said partially neutralized solution (4) with a sulfide source (6) so as to form a cadmium sulfide precipitate (9), (c) separating said precipitate (9) so as to obtain a refined ammoniated phosphoric acid solution (10), (d) ammoniating and granulating said refined solution (10) so as to form said fertilizer (12).

Abstract: A combined fertilizer and humics soluble granule is provided that includes at least soluble fertilizer particles admixed with a plurality of humic particles without a binder. A combined fertilizer and humics soluble granule is also provided that includes at least one soluble fertilizer-rich domain fused to at least one humic-rich domain. A process of forming a combined fertilizer and humics soluble granule is provided that includes forming a mixture of particles of soluble fertilizer and humics, the particles of urea each having a urea particle surface. The soluble fertilizer particle surface is tackified in contact with the particles of humics to create adherence between the soluble fertilizer particle surface and the particle of humics to form a granule without resort to a binder.

Abstract: A method for vermicomposting includes providing an underground cell comprising a bottom, sidewalls and an open top, layering a base bedding layer at the bottom of the underground cell, layering a bottom organic waste layer on the base bedding layer, layering a stack of one (1) or more intermediate bedding layers and one (1) or more one or more intermediate organic waste layers, alternating between an intermediate bedding layer and an intermediate organic waste layer, on the bottom organic waste layer to partially form a compost heap, layering a top bedding layer on a top organic waste layer of the stack of the intermediate bedding layers and the intermediate organic waste layers to form the compost heap, watering the compost heap at a predetermined watering cycle, introducing worms to the compost heap, aerating the compost heap at a predetermined aeration cycle, and harvesting compost from the compost heap.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the isomerization of an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride. Also disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the decarboxylation of an unsaturated organic compound. Also disclosed is the use of a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the dual function isomerization and decarboxylation of an unsaturated fatty acid to an unsaturated organic compound.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,3-butadiene (BD) from ethanol in a single step by s7 passing a mixture containing ethanol in a gas phase over a multifunctional catalyst having a transition metal dispersion of at least 30% on a silica metal oxide support. In some examples the multifunctional catalyst comprises a silica metal oxide having a surface area of at least 200 m?2/g. The multifunctional catalyst can include a transition metal oxide, a silica metal oxide made from a high purity silica gel, mesoporous silica and fumed silica, such as high purity SBA16, SBA15, or Davisil grade 646.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for starting up fluidized reaction apparatus that is used for producing lower olefins from methanol or/and dimethyl ether. Said method includes after heating the catalyst bed of circulating fluidized catalytic reaction apparatus to above 200° C. or 300° C. by using a starting-up auxiliary heat source, feeding methanol or dimethyl ether raw materials to a reactor, whereby heat released by the reaction makes the temperature of the reaction system apparatus increase quickly to a designed temperature, consequently making the system reach normal operation state rapidly. Said method is suitable for starting up an exothermic fluidized catalytic reaction apparatus and can simplify the apparatus and operation, accordingly lowering the cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 1-octene composition. The 1-octene composition according to the present invention is prepared by ethylene oligomerization and comprises a high content of 1-octene and monomers useful for copolymerization of 1-octene at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 1-octene composition. The 1-octene composition according to the present invention is prepared by ethylene oligomerization and comprises a high content of 1-octene and monomers useful for copolymerization of 1-octene at the same time.

Abstract: In a process for producing one or more 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers, a feed comprising toluene is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction product comprising (methylcyclohexyl)toluenes. At least part of the hydroalkylation reaction product is dehydrogenated in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a dehydrogenation reaction product comprising a mixture of dimethyl biphenyl isomers. The dehydrogenation reaction product is then separated into at least a first stream containing one or more 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers and at least one second stream comprising one or more 2,X?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers (where X is 2, 3, or 4). The 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers are then separated utilizing selective adsorption.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) systems for small scale and world scale production of olefins. An OCM system may comprise an OCM subsystem that generates a product stream comprising C2+ compounds and non-C2+ impurities from methane and an oxidizing agent. At least one separations subsystem downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem can be used to separate the non-C2+ impurities from the C2+ compounds. A methanation subsystem downstream and fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem can be used to react H2 with CO and/or CO2 in the non-C2+ impurities to generate methane, which can be recycled to the OCM subsystem. The OCM system can be integrated in a non-OCM system, such as a natural gas liquids system or an existing ethylene cracker.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes contacting in a reactor an inert gas with one or more catalyst compositions suitable for methylation of toluene and hydrogenation of phenol; contacting a reducing agent with the one or more catalyst compositions under conditions suitable for reducing metal oxide content of the catalyst composition; contacting at least part of toluene and/or benzene-containing with a oxygenate in the presence of the one or more catalyst compositions and under conditions effective to convert toluene to xylenes and produce a reactor effluent stream comprising para-xylene and having a lower concentration of phenol than the toluene-containing stream; separating at least one para-xylene-enriched stream from the reactor effluent stream; and separating from the at least one para-xylene enriched stream at least one toluene-enriched stream and at least one para-xylene-product stream. An apparatus for carrying out such a process is also described.

Abstract: A method of producing at least one compound comprising an alkenyl group from at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, the method comprising: (i) Providing a mixture comprising carbon dioxide and at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms; and (ii) Contacting said mixture with a catalyst comprising one or both of palladium and platinum and one or more lanthanide, thereby converting at least a portion of the at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms into a compound comprising an alkenyl group, the total of the weight of the palladium and/or platinum being more than 0.1 wt % of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the metathesis of olefins implemented with a catalyst comprising a mesoporous matrix and at least the elements molybdenum and aluminium, said elements being incorporated into said matrix by means of at least one precursor comprising molybdenum and aluminium.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to methods and systems for processing a gas stream and for removing mercaptans from a feed stream. A method may comprise compressing a semi-treated gas stream, wherein the semi-treated gas stream comprises organic sulfur species and acid gas components; contacting the semi-treated gas stream with a lean solvent; removing at least a portion of the organic sulfur species and acid gas components from the semi-treated gas stream to produce a treated gas stream and a semi-rich solvent stream; contacting a feed gas stream with the semi-rich solvent, wherein the feed gas stream comprises organic sulfur species and acid gas components; and removing at least a portion of the organic sulfur species and acid gas components from the feed gas stream to produce the semi-treated gas stream based on contacting the semi-rich solvent with the feed gas stream.