Abstract: A method for manufacturing a flame-resistant textile material for protective clothing is characterized in that at least one textile layer is subjected to a treatment step wherein at least one fibre component is at least partially detached from the textile layer such that air chambers (5) are formed.

Abstract: A foamed, opacifying element has a porous substrate composed of woven yarn strands composed of a thermoplastic polymer-coated multifilament core. It has a dry foamed composition on an opposing surface of the substrate, which includes: (a) 0.1-40 weight % of porous particles; (b) 10-80 weight %; (c) 0.2-50 weight % of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, plasticizers, flame retardants, optical brighteners, thickeners, biocides, fungicides, tinting colorants, metal flakes, and inert inorganic or organic fillers; (d) less than 5 weight % of water; and (e) at least 0.002 weight % of an opacifying colorant different from all of the one or more additives of (c), which opacifying colorant absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm. The elements have a light-blocking value (LBV) of at least 4 and can have a bending stiffness that is greater than 0.15 milliNewtons-meter.

Abstract: A textile printing is more appropriately performed on fabrics made from various materials. A textile printing method of performing textile printing on a textile printing object which is a fabric includes a dye adhesion process of adhering particles of a polyester resin which is a particulate polyester resin, and a dye to the fabric, and a heating process of heating the textile printing object having the particles of the polyester resin and the dye adhered thereto, thereby developing the color of the dye while fixing the particles of the polyester resin to the textile printing object.

Abstract: An automatic color mix dyeing process includes activating an automatic shaping device to shape an undyed object as a cylinder and tightening same; conveying the undyed object to a dyeing apparatus by means of spraying wherein the dyeing apparatus includes rows of spray devices, dye containers for containing dyes of different colors, each dye container being in fluid communication with the row of spray devices, a pump for moving the dyes in the dye containers to the rows of spray devices, and a control device for controlling the rows of spray devices to control a spray sequence, a spray time, and a spray quantity of dye; conveying the dyed object from the dyeing apparatus to a vapor device for color fixing wherein the dyed object is impregnated with hot vapor to obtain a finished object; cutting the tie ropes; and conveying, washing and drying the finished object.

Abstract: A method of controlling a paper product converting line. The method includes unwinding a paper web from a parent roll on a converting line, the converting line having a plurality of operational parameters, the paper web including a plurality of sections in a sequence, and a plurality of marks, each mark being associated with an action score, at least one action score having an action value, reading at least one of the marks, obtaining the action score associated with a second one of the marks, the second of the marks being a next mark with an action value after the one read mark, calculating a distance between the at least one read mark and the second one, changing at least one operational parameter of the converting line based upon the action score, and converting the paper web into a paper product.

Abstract: A multi-faceted family of non-woven webs that can take the form of a filter media, an adaptable forming process and a machine capable of making the range of media are disclosed. The filter medium can have a first surface and a second surface defining a thickness. The medium can comprise a region having a gradient. Such a gradient is formed by having a medium wherein the concentration of a fiber, a property or other component varies from one surface to the next surface. The gradient region of the media can comprise the entire thickness of the medium or can comprise a region that comprises a portion of the media thickness. The media are characterized by the presence of a continuous change of the fiber concentration or property within the region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual function reagent composed of a polymeric chain and end caps, transfer fibers made from cellulose fibers and the dual function reagent, a liquid transfer layer made from the transfer fibers, and absorbent articles incorporating the liquid transfer layer. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to methods of making and using the dual function reagent, transfer fibers, transfer layer and absorbent articles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a water-induced anti-counterfeiting paper and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of anti-counterfeiting technology of paper. The water-induced anti-counterfeiting paper consists of a base paper layer and an anti-counterfeiting label thereon. The anti-counterfeiting label is a colorless, invisible pattern or character, and does not have any effect on the appearance of the base paper. When contacting with water, a transparency of a location where the paper has the anti-counterfeiting label increases, and thereby a character or a pattern appears. After drying, the character or the pattern disappears, and the paper reverted to normal. The water-induced anti-counterfeiting paper may be prepared by method of printing the anti-counterfeiting label at a surface of the base paper by processes such as printing, code-spurting and inkjet printing according to requirements.

Abstract: An improved magnetic transportation system comprised of Halbach array systems and London Assemblage systems having a plurality of magnets that are magnetically and structurally arranged to form a magnetic field of flux that attracts and repels the connections to enable loads on the xz-axis to levitate at rest, during object acceleration or deceleration, and at high-speeds, as well as on the yz-axis enable initial propulsion and for lateral stabilization on the xz/yz-axis.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory, machine-readable media for extracting railway fasteners and adjusting railway anchors are disclosed. A tie plate manipulator may be slidably coupled with a frame assembly and may include tie plate tools in an opposing arrangement and slidably coupled with a support framework. A fastener extractor may include fastener-extracting arms and pivot joints pivotably coupling the fastener-extracting arms with a subassembly. The fastener extractor may be slidably coupled with the frame assembly so that at least part of the fastener extractor is disposed over the tie plate manipulator. The fastener extractor may be coupled with the tie plate manipulator at least in part with a cylinder system. Each fastener-extracting arm may be adjustable to selectively engage and extract a railway fastener. The tie plate manipulator may be operable to engage and adjust a tie plate on the railway tie with the pair of tie plate tools.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory, machine-readable media for railway fastener removal are disclosed. A railway fastener extractor may be aligned with a railway fastener installed in a railway tie. The railway fastener extractor may be coupled with a frame assembly and a cylinder and slide assembly of a railway workhead so that the railway fastener extractor is suspended from the cylinder and slide assembly. The railway fastener extractor may be operated to extend opposing claws of the railway fastener extractor toward a railway fastener, and may be operated to selectively apply force to a linkage system to grip the railway fastener, the force being directed along a longitudinal axis. The force may be bifurcated and corresponding forces may be applied to move linkages and move the opposing claws to grip the railway fastener, and the railway fastener extractor may be operated to extract the railway fastener.

Abstract: A heatable module for use in constructing a pathway for traffic comprises a base member having a perimeter edge. A top plate is securable to the base member in overlying relation to the top surface of the base member. An electrically powerable heater member retained by at least one of the base member and the top plate. To form a heatable pathway for traffic, the modules are placed in perimeter-edge-to-perimeter-edge relation one to the next.

Abstract: A playing surface comprising a supportive base layer, an intermediate layer such as a foam layer, and a surface layer, wherein the base layer is configured to provide the playing surface with a first predetermined amount of stability and the intermediate layer, e.g. foam layer, is configured to provide the playing surface with an additional, second predetermined amount of stability, the intermediate layer, e.g. foam layer, being further configured to conform to a required performance standard. And a method of constructing a playing surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a road paver for paving paving material in a paving direction (a), comprising a machine frame, a driver's platform, a drive motor, a chassis with at least a left travel unit and a right travel unit, a material container arranged at the front of the road paver in the paving direction (a) for receiving paving material, the material container comprising a left container half and a right container half, which each have a container floor, a rising container sidewall and a rising container rear wall, and a longitudinal conveying device configured to transport paving material from the material container to a paving screed arranged at the rear of the road paver in the paving direction, wherein the container halves can be moved out of a filling position in order to move the paving material onto the longitudinal conveying device, wherein at least one container half has a viewing indentation, which extends from the container rear wall to the container floor in such a way that the ground

Abstract: The invention relates to an overhead guided-transport track span having a U-shaped cross section, the two arms of which form lateral walls (4, 5) of said track, and the central region of which, connecting the two arms, forms a load-bearing slab (6) of said track, characterised in that said load-bearing slab (6) comprises at least one groove (10, 11) that is provided in said slab longitudinally along said span and is designed to be able to receive a running support (12, 13) of a guided-transport vehicle intended to travel on said track.

Abstract: A clamping system includes a mast, a clamping body engageable with the mast, the clamping body including a plurality of side surfaces, a compressive member for compressing the mast and one of the plurality of side surfaces towards each other, and a vertical support member, the vertical support member disposable between the one of the plurality of side surfaces, the mast, a second of the plurality of side surfaces and a third of the plurality of side surfaces, the one of the plurality of side surfaces, the second of the plurality of side surfaces, the third of the plurality of side surfaces and the mast each facing a different side of the vertical support member when the vertical support member is disposed between the one of the plurality of side surfaces, the mast, the second of the plurality of side surfaces and the third of the plurality of side surfaces.

Abstract: An animal waste removal and collection system may include a waste removal apparatus with a handle, a blade connected proximate to an end of the handle, and a comb connected proximate to the end of the handle opposite the blade. The waste removal apparatus is configured to be supported on a support surface at a first contact point of the blade with the support surface and at multiple second contact points of the comb with the support surface. The animal waste removal and collection system may also include a waste collection apparatus with another handle and a pan connected proximate to an end of the second handle. The pan includes a base and walls extending upwardly from the base, where one of the walls includes a slot to interface with the blade and another one of the walls includes a second comb to interface with the first comb.

Abstract: Hand held and sling-supported portable and rechargeable electric or gas-powered blowers capable of delivering hot air via a high-speed fan and molded nozzle for removing leaves, debris, and eliminating snow and ice on driveways, walkways, steps, and vehicles.

Abstract: A traveling water screen comprises a basket having a frame including an upper portion, a lower portion, and side portions, a coarse screen secured to the frame, a fine screen overlay attachable to the coarse screen, and a bucket portion secured to a lower portion of the frame, comprising an inner wall surface, and at least one deflector secured to the inner wall surface.

Abstract: Described is an infrastructure for recovering and storing energy received from wave motion of lakes or sea water basins, comprising a floating or fixed quay, jetty or pier (10) substantially consisting of a platform (11) in the lower part of which are fixed walls (12, 13, 14) equipped with openings (17) for the passage of the wave motion towards inner chambers (15, 16), wherein the inner chambers comprise units for recovering the energy from the wave motion, comprising floats (18) connected by kinematic means (19, 20) to at least one transmission shaft (22) in turn associated with a unit (24) which transforms the mechanical energy into directly usable or storable electricity, the kinematic means (19, 20) being capable of converting the sussultatory motion of the floats (18) into rotary motion of the shaft (22) allowing the recovery of electricity from the relative transformation unit (24).

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to offshore vessels, such as crane barges, retrofitted with jack-up legs, and methods of forming the same. The offshore vessels may be American-made or be otherwise Jones Act compliant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a foundation pile. The foundation pile comprises a first flange. The foundation pile also comprises a second flange spaced apart from the first flange. The foundation pile further comprises a web extending between the first flange and the second flange, wherein the first flange, the second flange, and the web are formed from a single sheet and each comprises at least two layers of the sheet. The foundation pile additionally comprises a rib formed in at least one of the first flange, the second flange, and the web, wherein the rib comprises a bent portion of at least one of the at least two layers of the sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are interlocking steel plate foundations of various configurations. Interlocking foundations eliminate the need for concrete foundations and have a much shorter assembly time. Interlocking foundations have fins which provide for increased torsional restriction for the same or less material than other metal foundations such as the metal fin tube style foundation.

Abstract: An architectural foundation assembly comprising a horizontal slab including a top surface, a bottom surface, and an outside surface; a vertical slab in contact with the horizontal slab, the vertical slab including a top surface, an outside surface, and an inside surface, the top surface defining a shelf having a horizontal surface and a vertical surface; and at least one structural element attached to the shelf and in contact with the top surface of the vertical slab, the at least one structural element including a top surface which is flush with the top surface of the horizontal slab, the at least one structural element not in contact with the vertical surface of the shelf, thereby creating a thermal air gap between the at least one structural element and the vertical surface of the shelf.

Abstract: A construction device for an offshore wind turbine foundation with piling performed later. The construction device comprises an offshore wind turbine foundation (1), a pile casing (2) and a sleeve (3). The pile casing (2) is used for the installation of a steel pile (4) and arranged at the bottom of the offshore wind turbine foundation (1). The lower end of the sleeve (3) is detachably connected with the upper end of the pile casing (2). A construction method for an offshore wind turbine foundation with piling performed later is also provided.

Abstract: A system including a backfill protector including a skirt having an opening configured to receive a cover therein and a lip extending around a perimeter of the opening. The lip is configured to support the cover thereon, and the skirt further includes an inwardly-extending channel positioned adjacent to the lip.

Abstract: An excavator having a rotatable arm is disclosed. The excavator includes: a vehicle body configured to have a hydraulic pump; a boom connected to the vehicle body at one end thereof; a boom cylinder coupled between the vehicle body and the boom, and configured to receive hydraulic energy from the hydraulic pump and operate the boom; an arm connected to the other end of the boom; an arm cylinder coupled between the boom and the arm, and configured to receive hydraulic energy from the hydraulic pump and operate the arm; a bucket connected to an end of the arm; and a bucket cylinder coupled between the arm and the bucket, and configured to receive hydraulic energy from the hydraulic pump and operate the bucket. The arm includes: a first body, a second body, and a rotation module configured to enable the rotational movement of the second body.

Abstract: A construction machine includes a control device having a reaction-force correction control section. When a difference between a target operator input and an actual operator input for a front member exceeds a preset range, the reaction-force correction control section executes correction to increase an operation reaction force to be applied by a reaction-force applying device to an operating unit operating an actuator driving the front member. When the difference falls within the range, the reaction-force correction control section executes correction to decrease the operation reaction force to be applied by the reaction-force applying device to the operating unit operating the actuator driving the front member.

Abstract: Operating a tractor with a front ground-engaging implement and a back ground-engaging implement includes calculating an error between a real-time pull-slip ratio and a target pull-slip ratio, and engaging the back ground-engaging implement with material of an underlying substrate to reduce the error. Related hardware and control logic are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining a cycle time of an implement on a work machine includes providing a controller and an actuator for controlling the implement, sending a first instruction from the controller to move the implement to a first position, and sending a second instruction from the controller to move the implement from the first position to a second position. A distance between the first position and the second position is approximate full stroke of the actuator. The method also includes measuring an amount of time it takes for the implement to move between a first threshold position and a second threshold position. The first threshold position and the second threshold position are defined positions between the first and second positions. The method further includes determining the cycle time of the implement based on the measuring step.

Abstract: Provided is a work machine to which a camera device is easily attached while suppressing replacement and addition of components in a machine body and which is capable of switching between securing visibility and protecting a camera main body as needed. A bracket of a camera device and a mount portion at a lower end of a handrail are fastened and attached together on the right side of an upper rotating body with a bolt. A camera main, body is supported on the bracket. The camera main body is arranged to be movable between a first position where at least part of the camera main body protrudes laterally rightward of the upper rotating body and a second position where the camera main body is on the left side of the upper rotating body with respect to the first position.

Abstract: A remote angular position display system and method are disclosed. The angular position of a work implement of a work vehicle is displayed (e.g., textually, numerically or graphically) on a display associated with a portable device. The angular position is observed by a sensor coupled to the work implement or the work vehicle. The method includes receiving, by a processor of the portable device, one or more signals from the sensor indicative of an angular position value, and determining, by the processor, a condition associated with the work implement based on the angular position. The method includes outputting, by the processor, an interface for rendering on the display associated with the portable device that indicates the angular position and the determined condition associated with the work implement of the work vehicle.

Abstract: This system uses one or a series of expandable and stackable rectangular boxes designed to collect rainwater from a rooftop or other manmade impervious surface via a downspout to reduce rainwater runoff and harvest rainwater for reuse. The system is comprised of a downspout diverter, one or a series of expandable and stackable rectangular boxes, and pipes. Rainwater is diverted from the downspout into the boxes that are connected by pipes. The collected rainwater exits from a valve leading to an opening for reuse. This opening can also be connected to a pump to raise the water pressure to a higher level for irrigation or other usages. The top of the box consists of a flat surface that is suitable for mounting flower beds or plant containers. The stacked rectangular boxes can also be used as a wall or for other nonintrusive purposes. Our RCRS is easy to install and requires minimal space. Our RCRS is made from cost saving materials. Our RCRS boxes can be easily connected to each other.

Abstract: A system that automatically prevents freezing of a liquid in a plumbing network includes an electrical temperature sensor, an electromechanical shut-off valve, a pump (such as an air compressor pump and a vacuum pump) and an operatively connected computer. The computer determines if the temperature detected by the electrical temperature sensor is within a predetermined range of a threshold temperature. If so, the computer actuates the shut-off valve to prevent the liquid from flowing from a liquid source to a portion of the plumbing network, and actuates the pump to discharge the liquid from the portion of the plumbing network to the liquid drain. The computer may actuate additional electromechanical valves on the plumbing network to facilitate discharge of the liquid, and on a supply line to allow the liquid to continue circulating in the supply line.

Abstract: A hydrant includes a hydrant body defining an internal cavity; an upper stem positioned within the internal cavity; a lower stem positioned within the internal cavity; and a stem coupling securing the upper stem to the lower stem, the stem coupling comprising a coupling body defining a main bore that is circular in radial cross-section and sized to receive the upper stem and the lower stem; and a plurality of ribs, each rib extending radially outward from the coupling body.

Abstract: A mixing unit for a mixer tap has a first intake for a first incoming stream, and a second intake for a second incoming stream. The mixing unit mixes the first and second incoming streams in order to form an output stream, and has an outlet for the output stream. A thermostat includes a heat-sensitive portion and a translationally movable portion along an axis. A seal of the second intake is connected to the movable portion. A recess connects the outlet with the second intake and housing and is sealed by the heat-sensitive portion and the translationally movable portion. The outlet has an abutment to restrain the translational movement of the heat-sensitive portion along the axis, in a direction parallel to the axis and opposite to the seal. The abutment limits the movement of the heat-sensitive portion and the translationally movable portion outside of the recess to avoid breaking the tight seal.

Abstract: A water faucet includes a water faucet main body and a spout head detachably attached to the water faucet main body. The water faucet main body has a support column having a water path and a coupling pipe protruding in a radial direction of the support column. The spout head is attached to the water faucet main body in a state of accommodating the coupling pipe.

Abstract: A connecting device for coupling a tubular member having on one end an outer shoulder or flange, in particular an inlet piping of a water supply electric control valve for a washing machine, to a threaded tubular port, in particular an outlet port of a water supply line or tap. The device includes a nut and a coupling ring interposed between the tubular member and the second end portion of the nut for connecting them to one another. The coupling ring is resiliently deformable in a radial direction mounted around the tubular member, in proximity of the end shoulder or flange thereof, such as to be prevented by the end shoulder or flange from being moved away from the tubular member, but to be allowed to freely rotate around the tubular member.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a fluid control assembly with a flapper canister, a linkage rotatably coupled to the flapper canister and to a support of a mount. In some embodiments, the flapper canister can be angled with respect to the mount to enable the flapper canister to be coupled to various sizes, types and orientations of flush valves. In some embodiments, by rotating the linkage about pivots coupled to the flapper canister and the support and pivoting or rotating about a motion-enabling element coupling the mount and a support, the flapper canister can be raised, lowered, and/or rotated or pivoted enabling the flapper canister to be sealed against a flush valve orifice. In some embodiments, the flapper canister includes a buoyancy control tube providing fluid coupling between one side of the flapper canister to an opposite side and enabling buoyancy-assist to the position or motion of the flapper canister.

Abstract: A flush valve has a relief valve including a stationary relief valve housing and an axially-translatable valve element. The axially-translatable valve element has an axial end that can be selectively translated to unseal an upper opening in a relief passageway through the stationary relief valve housing in order to permit fluid flow therethrough in order to initiate a flush cycle by the lifting of a diaphragm assembly. The axially-translatable valve element may include lead screw-like features which can be used to axially drive the axially-translatable valve element relative to the stationary relief valve housing to open or close the relief valve.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hydraulic energy storage mechanism, including a cylinder block, a cylinder body, a piston, a support, and a latch bolt component. In the present invention, a cylinder body, a piston, and a support structure being provided with a power slide block is used, and the tap water pressure is applied to push the piston to compress a spring and converted into elastic potential energy; the power slide block is driven by releasing the elastic potential energy to operate a suction drainage device of a water closet. The present invention has advantages of a small volume, large acting force, a simple structure, and reliable working, and effectively improves sewage drainage efficiency of the water closet.

Abstract: A toilet dispenser and light is disclosed. Upon detection and activation from sensors, a light may be used to illuminate a toilet bowl, and a treatment substance may be dispensed into the toilet bowl. The dispenser correspondingly configures to operate with the rim of a toilet bowl. Portions of the dispenser may be replaceable, such as a power source and a propellant container used to house a treatment substance. A system of multiple dispensers operable, respectively, to treat multiple toilets is also provided.

Abstract: A toilet dispenser and light is disclosed. Upon detection and activation from sensors, a light may be used to illuminate a toilet bowl, and a treatment substance may be dispensed into the toilet bowl. The dispenser correspondingly configures to operate with the rim of a toilet bowl. Portions of the dispenser may be replaceable, such as a power source and a propellant container used to house a treatment substance. A system of multiple dispensers operable, respectively, to treat multiple toilets is also provided.

Abstract: A toilet dispenser and light is disclosed. Upon detection and activation from sensors, a light may be used to illuminate a toilet bowl, and a treatment substance may be dispensed into the toilet bowl. The dispenser correspondingly configures to operate with the rim of a toilet bowl. Portions of the dispenser may be replaceable, such as a power source and a propellant container used to house a treatment substance. A system of multiple dispensers operable, respectively, to treat multiple toilets is also provided.

Abstract: A toilet dispenser and light is disclosed. Upon detection and activation from sensors, a light may be used to illuminate a toilet bowl, and a treatment substance may be dispensed into the toilet bowl. The dispenser correspondingly configures to operate with the rim of a toilet bowl. Portions of the dispenser may be replaceable, such as a power source and a propellant container used to house a treatment substance. A system of multiple dispensers operable, respectively, to treat multiple toilets is also provided.

Abstract: A sanitary washing device includes: a nozzle configured to wash a local region of a human body; a tank configured to accommodate a sterilizing agent, a sterilizing component of which is dissolved into liquid, and to store supplied liquid therein; a nozzle washing unit configured to wash the nozzle using liquid supplied from the tank; and a buffering unit disposed between the sterilizing agent and an inner wall of the tank inside the tank and having liquid permeability.

Abstract: A sanitary washing device includes: a nozzle that injects a liquid so as to wash a local region of a human body; a nozzle washing unit that washes the nozzle with the liquid; a supply flow path that connects a supply source of the liquid and the nozzle; a branch flow path that connects the supply flow path and the nozzle washing unit; a vacuum breaker that is disposed in a flow path that connects the supply source and the nozzle washing unit, in the supply flow path and the branch flow path; and a tank that is disposed in the branch flow path between the vacuum breaker and the nozzle washing unit and accommodates therein a sterilizing agent, a sterilizing component of which is dissolved in the liquid passing through the tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prefabricated modular building system comprising a plurality of structural frames and connection means which horizontally and vertically join the structural frames, where the structural frames are hyperstatic and self-supporting with a closed cross-section and hyperstatic and self-supporting with an open cross-section. A building structure is formed with a plurality of structural frames interconnected horizontally and vertically in assemblies arranged such that, on the same level or on vertically arranged leveld, there is a sequence of assemblies of structural frames and empty spaces. The plurality of structural frames is horizontally and vertically connected and arranged on other structural frames in a vertical sequence of assemblies of structural frames and empty spaces.

Abstract: A column and beam connection structure for connecting a steel H-beam to a column uses an external diaphragm. The external diaphragm includes a plurality of divided diaphragm segments such that each diaphragm segment has a column plate abutting on the column. A diaphragm segment which is arranged along the steel H-beam among the plurality of divided diaphragm segments has a beam plate installed in a flange of the steel H-beam. The beam plate has an end portion in which the column plate is provided. A joining surface between the diaphragm segments is placed in a vicinity of a corner portion of the column so that only the column plate of one of the diaphragm segments abuts on each column surface of the column. A joining member fastens to fix between the diaphragm segments such that contact pressure is applied from the column plates to the surface of the column.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a self-aligned via structure includes forming a tri-layer mask on an ILD layer over a lower metal wiring layer, the tri-layer mask includes first and second insulating layers and a metal layer in between the insulating layers; defining a trench pattern through the first insulating layer and metal layer, the trench pattern having a first width; defining a first via pattern in a lithographic mask over the trench pattern, the first via pattern having a second width that is larger than the first width; growing a metal capping layer on an exposed sidewall of the trench pattern to decrease the first width to a third width that defines a second via pattern; transferring the trench pattern into the ILD layer to form a trench; and transferring the second via pattern through the ILD layer and into the metal wiring layer to form a via.