Abstract: In a three-plate injection-molding machine comprising a nozzle plate, a movable second mold clamping plate, a movable end plate, a closing unit that acts between the end plate and the second mold clamping plate, and a turning unit arranged between the nozzle plate and the second mold clamping plate, rails extend between the nozzle plate and the end plate. The mold-half carrier of the turning unit is supported on a support structure so that it can be rotated about an axis transverse to the machine axis, which support structure forms the abutment for the mold-half carrier rotary drive. The weight of the support structure and mold-half carrier of the turning unit is transferred into the machine bed by means of linear guides, and a substantial part of the reaction torque applied to the support structure is transferred to one of the rails by means of one supporting guide.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus comprising a clamp plate, a heated manifold, an actuator, a mold and a cooling device, wherein the cooling device comprises: a heat transmitter comprising a distal arm or member and a proximal base or member, the distal arm or member being mounted by a spring loadable interconnection or engagement to or with the proximal base or member, the clamp plate, the mold, the manifold, the actuator and the heat transmitter being assemblable together in an arrangement wherein the spring loadable interconnection is loaded urging the distal end surface of the distal arm or member into compressed engagement with the clamp plate.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus comprising a clamp plate, a heated manifold, an actuator, a mold and a cooling device, wherein the cooling device comprises: a heat transmitter comprising a distal arm or member and a proximal base or member, the distal arm or member being mounted by a spring loadable interconnection or engagement to or with the proximal base or member, the clamp plate, the mold, the manifold, the actuator and the heat transmitter being assemblable together in an arrangement wherein the spring loadable interconnection is loaded urging the distal end surface of the distal arm or member into compressed engagement with the clamp plate.

Abstract: A three-dimensional drawing device can include a housing configured for to be held in user's hand, shaped to allow manipulation of the housing like a pen, and configured to accept a strand of thermoplastic material. The drawing device has a nozzle assembly with an exit nozzle and a motor connected to a gear train that engages the strand such that rotation of the motor causes the feed stock to be extruded out of the exit nozzle to form a three-dimensional object. The motor can be controlled using a variable speed control mechanism or first and second actuators, thereby controlling movement of the strand, for example, to advance or retract the strand relative to the nozzle assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates, on the one hand, to a method for forming a plastic sheet material (1). On the other hand, the present invention relates to a device (5) which is adapted to carry out such a method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technical field of 3D printing, and more particularly to a 3D printer spray nozzle structure and a method thereof for controlling speed and precision. According to the present invention, a feeding pipeline is embedded in an external shell, the feeding pipeline and an extruder are coaxially connected; the extruder is driven by a driving device, so as to rotate relative to the feeding pipeline. A rotation angle of the extruder relative to the feeding pipeline is controlled by rotation of a motor, for controlling a filament area actually sprayed by the extrude, in such a manner that printing speed and precision is controlled for suiting different requirements of different printing area. The present invention controls the printing speed and precision, for improving overall printing speed with precision requirements satisfied, and is applicable to 3D printer spray nozzle structure and controlling.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for polymer extrusion. A polyolefin extrusion system may include an extrusion gear pump configured to receive a narrow molecular weight distribution polyolefin from a polyolefin manufacturing system. The polyolefin extrusion system may also include a motor of the extrusion gear pump configured to drive the extrusion gear pump, a pressure sensor configured to generate a pressure signal indicative of a suction pressure into the extrusion gear pump, an automation controller configured to generate an output signal based on the pressure signal, and a variable speed drive configured to control operation of the motor.

Abstract: The present invention involves a fabrication of plastic-tube-screen-fill using plastic tubes. The plastic-tube-screen-fill consists of several plastic tubes suspended to between top and bottom ring-shaped hole perforated frames in the shape of a rectangular thin plate as a vertical string screen. The top and bottom ring-shaped hole perforated frames are in same configuration to be used in two ways and fabricated by assembling a cup-shaped hole perforated frame and tube-holder-frame. The tube-holder-frame is a male push-fit band connector with several short solid rods positioned and fixed on band for push-fitting into the cup-shaped holes on the cup-shaped hole perforated frame. The solid rod on tube-holder-frame has a male push-fit connector on its lower part to be push-fitted into one edge of tube. The tubes used in the present invention are spiral corrugated tubes. Fabrication and assembling method of perforated frames, tube-holder-frames, and spiral corrugated tubes are described in this invention.

Abstract: A blowing or stretch-blowing machine for preforms made of polymer material. The blowing or stretch-blowing machine (1) has a plurality of molds (1) movable on a transport system, in which each of the molds (1) comprises a first half-mold (2a) and a second half-mold (2b) hinged around a hinge axis (3) and a bottom plate (4) adapted to cooperate with the half-molds (2a, 2b) for closing the bottom of the mold (1), and a mechanism for vertical/translational movement of the bottom plate, to cyclically form a closed cavity adapted to receive a preheated preform and allow expansion, by blowing or stretch-blowing of the preform inside the cavity, to obtain a bottle or container. Each of the molds (1) comprises a system for synchronized opening/closing of the half-molds (2a, 2b) and of the bottom plate (4) actuated by an actuator thereof (30) independent from motorization of the machine.

Abstract: The Application describes a throttle and a method for controlling a fluid flow via a throttle . The throttle includes an inlet (618) in communication with a pressurized gas source, an outlet (610) including a selected output orifice (612), and an orifice sleeve (606) including a plurality of output orifices (612a, 612b, 612c, 612d) from which a selected output orifice (612) may be selected by rotating the orifice sleeve (606). The throttle may further include a piston (604) movable across a surface area of the selected output orifice (612), and a motor operable to move the piston (604) across the surface area of the selected output orifice (612).

Abstract: A method and molding system for hydraulic blow molding of a container from a preform. The method precharges the molding medium within a fill head unit to a precharge pressure. During the injecting of the molding medium into the preform, the method further increases the pressure of the molding medium to a pressure greater than the precharge pressure.

Abstract: A blow molding machine is simply sterilized. The blow molding machine is sterilized by filling a preform (1) with a liquid sterilizer (P) containing an ethanol constituent or both an ethanol constituent and a hydrogen peroxide constituent, and blasting blow air into the preform (1) in a state where the liquid sterilizer (P) remains in the preform (1) to diffuse the liquid sterilizer (P).

Abstract: A device for gripping a hollow body includes a freely-rotating shaft and a mandrel that is integral with the shaft. The mandrel itself includes: an end fitting; a radiator that is mounted directly on the end fitting; a crosspiece inserted between the end fitting and the radiator; an expandable ring mounted between the end fitting and the crosspiece; an elastic element mounted between the end fitting and the expandable ring; an insert made of a material with high thermal conductivity, set in a housing made in the end fitting and emptying onto a free end face of the former, with the insert extending up to the point facing the radiator.

Abstract: Thermoplastic films include intermittent stretched regions that are visually distinct from un-stretched regions. The stretched regions can be white, opaque, and non porous. The thermoplastic films with visually-distinct stretched regions can be formed into bags for use as trash can liners or food storage. Additionally, methods of stretching thermoplastic films to create non-porous, white, and opaque stretched regions include incrementally stretching a film of a thermoplastic material and a voiding agent.

Abstract: Described is a method for chamfering the end of a pipe (2) made from thermoplastic material, comprising the following steps: localized and circumferential heating of an axial portion (3) of the pipe (2) at a predetermined temperature; plastic deformation of the heated axial portion (3) using a tool (4) for forming a chamfer on the axial portion (3).

Abstract: Methods for producing an expansion compensator by: providing an inner plastic liner having first and second spaced apart ends, an inner surface, an outer surface, and an interior volume extending from the first end to the second end; positioning the inner plastic liner interior of an elongate metal conduit, the elongate metal conduit having first and second spaced apart ends, an inner surface, an outer surface, and an expansion/contraction section; applying pressure to a fluid positioned in the interior volume of the inner plastic liner while the inner plastic liner is at or above a forming temperature to expand the inner plastic liner whereby the expanded inner plastic liner has an expansion/contraction section; and cooling the inner plastic liner to below the forming temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing bending and other applied forces that are exerted on a filament of thermoplastic with reinforcing fibers in a 3D printing system during the deposition process that is associated with the manufacturing of an object. The quality of the manufactured object is enhanced through a process that comprises i) applying torque to certain portions of the solid filament in a manner that is commensurate with the expected motions of the deposition head while depositing those portions, but only after ii) heating each portion to a sufficient temperature. A heating device and a twisting device act on the filament while it is moving toward the deposition point and while under the control of a controller that is operating according to a computer model of the object being manufactured.

Abstract: In 3-D printing a platen moves toward an intermediate transfer belt (ITB) to have a sheet positioned on the platen contact the ITB to electrostatically transfer a layer of different materials to the sheet, and then the platen moves to a heater to join the layer to the sheet. This processing is repeated to have the sheet repeatedly contact the ITB (with intervening heating at the heater) to successively form layers of the materials on the sheet. The sheet having the layers thereon moves to a rinsing station, where a liquid is applied to dissolve the sheet and leave a freestanding stack of the layers. The freestanding stack is fed to a platform to successively form a 3-D structure of freestanding stacks of the layers. Light and/or heat are applied to the 3-D structure to bond the freestanding stacks to one another on the platform.

Abstract: An object is to provide a spin welding component that has a simple configuration of a welding surface and provides enhanced welding strength. A spin welding component 1 includes a shaft portion 2 formed in an approximately columnar shape, a flange portion 3 extended outward from below the shaft portion 2 to be formed in a disk-like shape, and an opening 4 formed by opening part of a bottom face of the flange portion 3. A molten resin 9 as molten material is applied on the bottom face. High-speed rotation causes the molten resin 9 to be melted by the frictional heat, and part of the molten resin 9 enters the opening 4 to be welded.

Abstract: A connection method, in addition to a functional part used in it and to a flame-retardant total system, connects a single- or multilayer functional part (10) to a third component (20). The functional part (10) has functional elements (14, 16) projecting on one side. The functional part (10) is formed at least partially from a material at least partially transparent to laser light. A blocking layer (18) is disposed to be at least partially opaque to laser light such that after passage of the laser light through the functional part (10), the laser light inside the blocking layer (18) generates heat by absorption for melting the functional part (10) and/or the third component (20) to connect them to one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of forming a root portion of a wind turbine rotor blade. A plurality of alignment pins coupled to an alignment plate is aligned with a first set of a plurality of insert cavities defined by a prefabricated panel. Each alignment pin is positioned within one of a first set of a plurality of installation apertures defined by the alignment plate. The prefabricated panel and the alignment plate are coupled such that each alignment pin is positioned within one of the first set of the plurality of insert cavities. A first adhesive is placed in each of the second set of the plurality of insert cavities. A first set of inserts are placed into a second set of the plurality of insert cavities. The first set of inserts and the alignment plate are coupled, and the first adhesive is cured.

Abstract: A method and an annular integral gasket are provided for forming a sealing connection between a first tubular member and a second tubular member. The integral gasket comprises at least one flexible sealing portion adapted to form a sealing connection between a first tubular member and a second tubular member. The integral gasket further comprises a bonding layer adapted to be fixedly attached to a tubular member by a joining process. The integral gasket also comprises a body region adapted for supporting the flexible sealing portion and the bonding layer.

Abstract: A resin member contains a thermoplastic resin and is bonded to another resin member by ultrasonic welding. The resin member includes projections that are projected from a surface of a bonding target section of the resin member and melted by application of contact pressure during the ultrasonic welding. The projections include projections having different projection heights from the surface of the bonding target section.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus for ultrasonic processing of materials having an ultrasonic processing system comprising an ultrasound generator, a converter, a sonotrode and a counterpart tool and a feed unit with which the sonotrode and the counterpart tool can be moved towards each other or away from each other, wherein there is provided a force sensor with which the force that the ultrasonic processing system exerts on the materials to be processed can be measured. To provide a corresponding ultrasonic processing apparatus which allows a greater processing speed it is proposed according to the invention that the force sensor is a piezoelectric sensor whose output is converted into an electrical voltage by means of a charge amplifier and that there is provided a control device which either when the ultrasonic processing is not performing material processing short-circuits the piezoelectric sensor or adds a time-varying force compensation unit to the value measured by the piezoelectric sensor.

Abstract: A method for producing a three-dimensional object (11) in layers by using a stereolithography machine (1) that includes: a container (2) containing a fluid substance (3) suited to solidify through exposure to predefined radiation (4a); an emitter (4) suited to emit the predefined radiation (4a) and to solidify a layer of the fluid substance (3) adjacent to the bottom (2a) of the container (2); a modelling plate (5) suited to support the solidified layer (6) and associated with an actuator (7) suited to move it perpendicular to the bottom (2a) of the container; a leveler (8) arranged in contact with the fluid substance (3). The method includes: selectively irradiating the layer of fluid substance to obtain the solidified layer; extracting the solidified layer from the fluid substance; redistributing the fluid substance in the container by moving the leveler so that they are passed between the modelling plate and the container.

Abstract: A powder application apparatus is provided for use in a device for manufacturing work pieces by exposing powder layers to electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation. The powder application apparatus comprises a first powder storage provided in a first part of the powder application apparatus and configured to receive and store raw material powder. The powder application apparatus further comprises a first powder supply channel provided in a second part of the powder application apparatus and configured to discharge raw material powder from the first powder storage onto a carrier located below the apparatus. A first channel opening/closing element is configured to be moved between a first position to allow the discharge of raw material powder from the first powder storage onto the carrier, and a second position in which the discharge of raw material powder from the first powder storage onto the carrier is presented.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing objects in an automated fashion to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of manufacturing technologies. The system may be comprised of one or more web-accessible servers, one or more clients that may communicate with the server, and one or more manufacturing apparatuses that may communicate with one or more clients or servers. The server turns designs into manufacturing instructions using user-specified settings and databases of manufacturing parameters for particular apparatuses and/or manufacturing methods. The system may facilitate communication and revision of designs, manufacturing parameters, or manufacturing instructions between the user and the owner or operator of the manufacturing apparatus. The client may facilitate communication between the server and manufacturing apparatus, may monitor the manufacturing apparatus, and may be physically internal or external to the apparatus.

Abstract: A method for printing a three-dimensional part in an additive manufacturing process, which includes calculating surface plane angles relative to one or more of the coordinate axes as a function of surface area of the surface geometry, calculating a build score for each coordinate axis as a function of the calculated surface plane angles, and selecting an orientation for the digital model in the coordinate system based at least in part on the calculated build scores. The build scores preferably predict which part orientations are likely to provide good surface quality for the printed three-dimensional part.

Abstract: A calibration method of a delta 3D printer, wherein a vertical calibration mechanism is disposed on a vertical direction, a horizontal calibration mechanism is disposed on the horizontal direction and a printing-platform calibration mechanism is disposed under the printing-platform of the 3D printer. Before performing a new printing task, the 3D printer first controls three sliding components to move vertically and performs a calibration on the Z-Axis via the vertical calibration mechanism. Next, controls the nozzle to move horizontally and performs a calibration on X-Axis and the Y-Axis via the horizontal calibration mechanism. After the X-Axis, Y-Axis and Z-Axis are all calibrated, the 3D printer performs a tilt degree calibration on the printing-platform via the printing-platform calibration mechanism. Lastly, after performing all calibration operations, the 3D printer starts to execute the new printing task.

Abstract: A substrate for an additive manufacturing process, the substrate having a build surface for fusing to a part being formed on the substrate by the additive manufacturing process, wherein the substrate is configured to provide relatively high stiffness in a direction substantially perpendicular to the build surface, while having a low longitudinal stiffness in the plane of the build surface. Also, a method of forming the substrate, a system including the substrate, and use of the system for creating a part by an additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: A composite radius filler include a base portion and a tip portion. The base portion is formed of composite plies varying in overall width along an overall lengthwise direction and defining a variable cross-sectional shape of the base portion along the lengthwise direction. The base portion includes at least one transition zone having a transition start and a transition end along the lengthwise direction. The composite plies of the base portion are arranged in one or more stacks each stack having a predetermined fiber orientation angle sequence and a stack width that changes within the transition zone. The tip portion includes a plurality of composite plies formed into a generally triangular cross-sectional shape and stacked on top of the base portion.

Abstract: A method for producing a load introducing element for a control surface of an aircraft or a spacecraft, includes cutting to size preformed fibrous substructures out of a fibrous material. The method also includes draping the fibrous substructures to mold at least one first component, at least one second component and at least one first flange in the form of a single semi-finished product. Further, the method includes inserting the semi-finished product into a mold, injecting matrix material, and curing the semi-finished product to form a finished product.

Abstract: A composite component and its method of production are disclosed. The method includes preparing a layer structure with a support layer precursor layers on each sides of a layer of thermoplastic elastomer having gaps therein. The layer structure is heated in order to render the layer of thermoplastic elastomer plastic. The layer of thermoplastic elastomer is compressed between the support layer precursor layers for form the composite component.

Abstract: A composite structure comprising a matrix and a reinforcement. The matrix comprises a substantially nonconductive material. The reinforcement comprises a conductive material. The reinforcement is located within the matrix to form a composite layer. A portion of the reinforcement is exposed at a surface of the composite layer such that electrical conductivity of the composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the composite layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for repairing a radial tire that enhances the durability of patch rubber attached to a damaged portion of a carcass ply from the inner side of the tire and that extends the service life of the repaired tire while reducing the repair time. The method according to the present invention for repairing a radial tire (1) includes a step of attaching a patch rubber (10), in which a plurality of reinforcing elements (11) are arranged in parallel and covered with rubber, from the inner side of the tire to a damaged portion (7) of a carcass ply (5a) when at least one ply cord (6a) in the carcass ply is broken along with ply rubber at a sidewall portion (3). The patch rubber is attached so that the reinforcing elements (11) are parallel to a tire radial direction and so that inner edges (11a, 11b, 11c) of the reinforcing elements (11) in the tire radial direction are positioned to at least partially have different mutually distances in a perpendicular direction from a tire circumferential line.

Abstract: In order to make a tire factory more compact, this tire manufacturing system comprises a material storage zone, a green tire formation zone, a vulcanization zone, and an inspection and discharge zone. The green tire formation zone has a track and a plurality of work stations arranged along the track, where a green tire is formed by assembling a tire constituent member to an outer surface of a rigid core moving on the track at each of the work stations. A member assembly device that forms the tire constituent member by attaching a member material set for each of the tire constituent members to a surface of the rigid core, under an attachment condition determined according to size of the rigid core. The member assembly devices being arranged at an outer peripheral side of the square-cornered U-shaped bending track and along the lateral track parts. The material storage zone is arranged adjacent to one lateral side of the square-cornered U-shaped bending track.

Abstract: Mold (22) for vulcanizing a tire comprises a lining (2) for molding the tread of this tire and a mobile valve (1) intended to vent the mold (22). The valve is of a single piece and is guided in a guide part (200) belonging to the lining and in abutment on each side of this guide part to limit the movement of the valve in the lining. This valve and this guide part are made from the same material. The mobile valve thus produced is of one piece and non-removable from the guide part, and is therefore quicker and more accurate. It is held in the guide part by two abutments and, because it is made from the same material as the guide part, these can be produced at the same time. The mold in general comprises several valves to remove the air trapped during the molding of the tire.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire including: (a) an assembly step of bonding the inner liner and an unvulcanized rubber sheet with end portions thereof in a width direction being displaced from each other in the range of 50 mm to 500 mm in the width direction to manufacture a laminate; (b) a cutting step of cutting the laminate to have a constant length corresponding to a width of a drum to manufacture a cut sheet; and (c) a joining step of winding the cut sheet on entire circumference of the drum such that a cut surface thereof extends in a circumferential direction of the drum and the inner liner is disposed on an inner surface side, and joining the end portions of the inner liner and joining the end portions of the unvulcanized rubber sheet.

Abstract: In the method for retreading a vehicle tire casing, a fluid is injected into a casing between a tread and a tread backing in order to space them apart.

Abstract: A compaction capable receptacle may include a housing with a trash receiving opening, a compaction unit arranged within the housing, and a trash bin arranged within the housing and articulable between a compaction position within the housing and a trash receiving position within the housing, the compaction position aligning the trash bin with a compaction stroke of the compaction unit and the trash receiving position aligning a portion of the trash bin with the trash receiving opening.

Abstract: There is provided a binding processing device including: a first pressing member including a convex portion formed by a curved surface with a curvature and protruding toward a sheet bundle; and a second pressing member including a concave portion formed by a curved surface with a curvature and configured to be combined with the convex portion through the sheet bundle, the second pressing member configured to press the sheet bundle sandwiched between the first and second pressing members, wherein in a state where the convex portion of the first pressing member and the concave portion of the second pressing member are combined with each other, a gap is formed between the convex portion and the concave portion in a cross section of the first and second pressing members along a pressing direction, and the gap has a volume larger than a volume of the sandwiched sheet bundle.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a composite sheet includes a shock mitigating layer including an elastic member and a graphite layer accommodated in the elastic member, a first heat dissipation sheet configured to be attached to one surface of the shock mitigating layer, and a second heat dissipation sheet configured to be attached to another surface of the shock mitigating layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel, improved, modified or treated microporous membranes for use in textile related applications and which are preferably composed of two or more dissimilar porous membrane or material layers laminated together using heat, compression and/or adhesives. The preferred inventive laminated composite microporous membrane is modified using a technique or treatment such as microcreping to introduce permanent small, regularly spaced, crepes, profiles, compactions, pleats, or wrinkles into the laminated composite microporous membrane for the purpose of improving mechanical strength, elasticity and/or resiliency. In addition, the inventive microcreped microporous laminated membrane more preferably has significantly improved ‘hand’ or softness, has ‘next-to-the-skin’ softness, and/or is quiet without crinkling noises during movement, which may be desired performance properties or characteristics of or in textile garments, materials or applications.

Abstract: Provided are: a composite sheet comprising a silicone matrix and a first sheet including a reinforcement material impregnated into the silicone matrix, wherein the first sheet has a compression elongation of about 30% or more; a method for manufacturing the same; and a display device including the same.

Abstract: A composite article includes a laminate structure of at least first and second fiber layers. Each of the layers includes a network of primary reinforcement fibers disposed in a matrix. The layers are bonded to each other along an interface of the matrices. The matrices include a concentration of secondary reinforcement particles locally at the interface to strengthen the interface.

Abstract: A transparent laminate structure is provided that includes a front section, a rear section, and a middle section securing the front and rear sections to one another with a gap therebetween. The front section has a strike face formed of an impact resistant layer and a polymer backing layer bonded to the impact resistant layer by an interlayer. The rear section has a forward face comprising at least one polymer layer. The front and middle sections can form an integral subassembly.

Abstract: A surface with selectable adhesion is achieved by a shape memory alloy that is at least partly coated with a polymer forming a surface structure, thus allowing the adhesion force of the surface to be controlled.

Abstract: A method of controllably bonding a thin sheet having a thin sheet bonding surface with a carrier having a carrier bonding surface, by depositing a carbonaceous surface modification layer onto at least one of the thin sheet bonding surface and the carrier bonding surface, incorporating polar groups with the surface modification layer, and then bonding the thin sheet bonding surface to the carrier bonding surface via the surface modification layer. The surface modification layer may include a bulk carbonaceous layer having a first polar group concentration and a surface layer having a second polar group concentration, wherein the second polar group concentration is higher than the first polar group concentration. The surface modification layer deposition and the treatment thereof may be performed by plasma polymerization techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated film that can be easily used by general users and can prevent entry of foreign substances and air bubbles between the attached surfaces even when the film is manually attached in a typical room environment in which foreign substances such as dust are floating; and a film attachment method using such a laminated film. The laminated film includes in the following order: a surface protective film; a foreign-substance-removing adhesive layer; a foreign-substance-removing film; a substrate-attaching adhesive layer; and a functional film, the substrate-attaching adhesive layer exhibiting a higher bond strength with the functional film than with the foreign-substance-removing film.

Abstract: The multiple pane includes: a first glass panel; a second glass panel disposed facing the first glass panel with a predetermined interval in-between; and a hermetically-bonding member hermetically bonding peripheries of the first glass panel and the second glass panel to form a hermetically-enclosed space between the first glass panel and the second glass panel. The multiple pane further includes an adsorbing member which is fixed on a surface of the first glass panel so as to be inside the hermetically-enclosed space, has a height equal to or less than a length of the predetermined interval, and is for adsorbing a gas inside the hermetically-enclosed space. The hermetically-enclosed space is made to be in a reduced-pressure state.