Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a subsonic ammunition cartridge having a polymeric casing body having a generally cylindrical hollow polymer body having a body base at a first end thereof and a mouth at a second end to define a propellant chamber; a propellant insert positioned in the propellant chamber to reduce the internal volume of the propellant chamber, wherein the propellant chamber has an internal volume that is between 25 and 80% less than the open internal volume of a standard casing of equivalent caliber; and a primer insert positioned in the body base and in communication with the propellant chamber.

Abstract: A bladder for tamping explosives, the bladder having a reservoir with a sealable opening at a top end thereof, the reservoir being configured to hold an incompressible liquid, and an explosive retaining member disposed on a rear side of the reservoir, the explosive retaining member being configured to hold one or more explosives against the rear side of the reservoir.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aligning an input shaft of a wind turbine generator with an output shaft of a wind turbine are disclosed. Preferably, the method includes engaging a support flange of a wind turbine generator with an advancement structure, the support flange communicating with a securement stud associated with the support flange, and supplying a linear force on the support flange with the advancement structure, the linear force shifts the support flange in relation to the securement stud, in which the shifting of the support flange aligns an input shaft of the wind turbine generator secured to the support flange with an output shaft of a wind turbine. The method preferably concludes by rechecking the alignment of the input shaft of the wind turbine generator with the output shaft of the wind turbine.

Abstract: An optical probe for irradiating light onto a subject includes an optical path control unit configured to receive light from outside the optical probe, and change a path of the light within the optical probe; an optical path length control element configured to receive the light having the changed path from the optical path control unit, and change an optical path length of the light as the optical path control unit changes the path of the light; and an optical output unit configured to receive the light having the changed optical path length from the optical path length control element, and output the light.

Abstract: In a OCT interferometer it is necessary to balance dispersion within the reference arm with dispersion within the object arm. This is normally done by replicating within the reference arm the components found in the object arm. This adds to the complexity and cost of the OCT interferometer. A method is provided for determining the design of and designing a simplified OCT interferometer, in which the reference arm contains only a single piece of glass of a single glass type. This reduces the cost and complexity of the OCT interferometer, and reduces power loss and undesired reflections within the reference arm.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system including a source of broadband optical radiation and a beamsplitter coupled to the source is provided. The beamsplitter divides the source radiation into a reference path and a sample path. The reference path includes an optical switch to switch the reference path between a first path having a first reference reflection at a first reference optical path length and a second path having a second reference reflection at a second reference optical path length. The system further includes a beam combiner that mixes source radiation reflected from a subject in the sample path with source radiation returned from the first reference reflection and the second reference reflection. A detection system detects a first wavelength dependent interferogram during the first time interval and a second wavelength dependent interferogram during the second time interval. A processor preconditions the first and second wavelength dependent interferograms.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for capturing data to acquire indoor and outdoor geometry. In aspects, a data capture system may be configured to acquire texture data, geometry data, navigation data and/or orientation data to support geolocation and georeferencing within indoor and outdoor environments. The data capture system may further be configured to acquire seamless texture data from a 360° horizontal and vertical perspective to support panoramic video and images.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods that enable determination of uncorrelated thickness of a working electrode and surface region optical constants in settings involving electrochemical processing at a working electrodes in a Piezoelectric Balance system, by simultaneous application of an Ellipsometer system, the working electrode optionally having a multiplicity of nanofibers that are oriented non-normally to a surface of said working electrode. Further disclosed is, simultaneous with said determinations, the monitoring of electrochemical processes at a piezoelectric balance working electrode driven by electrical energy applied between said working electrode and counter electrode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for calculating an area of interaction within a perimeter of a detection area. A system may comprise a plurality of emitters, a plurality of sensors, a memory configured to store computer-executable instructions and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the instructions. The instructions may cause the processor to generate a set of emissions with the plurality of emitters, obtain sensor information of the plurality of sensors, determine a set of sensors of the plurality of sensors that failed to detect an emission of the set of emissions, and calculate an area of interaction within the perimeter of the detection area based at least in part on the determined set of sensors.

Abstract: A measuring method and a measuring system are used for measuring contrast of a display device, including controlling the display device to display a first image, measuring brightness of a central area of the first image, controlling display device to display a second image, measuring brightness of a central area of the second image, and determining the contrast. Both the first image and the second image have a plurality of areas with different gray scales, the first image includes a maximum gray scale area, and the second image includes a minimum gray scale area.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus includes a reference member that is installed on a surface of a first metal member; a range finder that measures a distance to the reference member; and a mounting member to which the range finder is placed. The mounting member is installed on a surface of a second metal member coupled to the first metal member via a weld. One of the mounting member and the range finder includes first and second protruding parts. The other thereof includes first and second fitting holes into which the first and the second protruding parts are fit, respectively, such that the range finder is mounted to the mounting member, and first and second pressing members that press the first and second protruding parts from first and second directions toward inner side surfaces of the first and second fitting holes, respectively.

Abstract: The invention provides a measuring instrument, which comprises an image pickup unit for acquiring an image of a range including an object to be measured, a distance measuring unit for two-dimensionally scanning a predetermined range in synchronization with an image acquisition and for measuring, an arithmetic control unit and an attitude detecting unit for detecting a tilt angle of the image pickup unit with respect to a horizontality, wherein the arithmetic control unit associates a measurement result and a detection result of the attitude detecting unit with each pixel on a scanning locus corresponding to an acquired image.

Abstract: An optical scanner includes a light source located within a housing. A reticle having an aperture is positioned within the housing to receive a first light beam emitted from the light source. The reticle is configured to transmit a second light beam through the aperture. A mirror is positioned within the housing to receive the second light beam transmitted from the reticle and reflect the second light beam through a first window in the housing onto a surface of interest of an object. A light receiver is configured to receive a third light beam from the surface of interest of the object through a second window in the housing, wherein the light receiver is configured to obtain one or more light position values to determine a parameter of the surface of interest of the object. Methods for generating three-dimensional images of an object utilizing the optical scanner are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of inspecting an artifact on a machine tool includes: scanning a probe mounted on the machine tool along the surface of the artifact to be inspected. The method involves supplying a flow of fluid at least at the point of interaction between the probe and the artifact during the scanning.

Abstract: A control device, in particular for an electrical or electronic device, which has a base element and an actuating element which is manually rotatable in relation to the base element about an actuation axis, the control device further having a sensor unit for detecting a movement of the actuating element about the actuation axis, the sensor unit further including an acceleration sensor.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method for the optimization of alignment measurements in which a MR facility is configured to a measurement object. First alignment measurements are carried out while the measurement object is being moved through the MR facility, wherein at least one MR system parameter of the MR facility is configured to the measurement object of the first alignment measurements. A second alignment measurement is also carried out in which the measurement object is stationary in a fixed position in the MR facility, wherein the second alignment measurement includes an iterative alignment method in which the at least one MR system parameter for the recording of MR signals of the measurement object is iteratively configured to the measurement object in the fixed position in the MR facility, wherein for the iterative alignment method the aligned MR system parameter is chosen from the aligned MR system parameters.

Abstract: A method to integrate all observations, e.g., surveying data in the form of total station data, images, and point clouds) from a surveying instrument that functions as a total station, a camera(s), and a scanner. The method provides an overall adjustment to maximize the accuracy of the adjustment by using all three types of available surveying data, and the method may be labeled an overall adjustment or integrated network adjustment to provide accurate station or instrument position data for a geodatabase for a surveyed site. The overall adjustment method allows all three types of surveying data to influence the results of the adjustment, and this achieved by generating a small number of virtual observations from the image and scan data that are of a form that allows them to be combined with or considered concurrently with the real observations from the total station as part of a single network adjustment.

Abstract: A ground surface marking system including a beam transmitter configured to emit electromagnetic radiation and a distal target. The distal target is oriented to be impacted along a first target surface by at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation. The distal target is mounted on a target stand configured for adjustment with respect to a vertical axis. The system also includes a target applicator having a second target surface, a base including a shaft, and a container attached to the base and configured to hold and dispense markers for placement along the ground surface extending between the beam transmitter and the distal target.

Abstract: A navigation system to transition from a stationary alignment filter to an in-motion alignment filter is provided. The system comprises a processing unit configured to implement a stationary alignment Kalman filter (SAKF) in gyrocompass alignment mode to generate state estimates and provide corrections when the object is stationary, and to implement an algorithm to compute a covariance for the SAKF that accounts for uncertainty in the SAKF estimates; wherein the processing unit is further configured to implement a continuous alignment filter (CAF) that generates a secondary solution which remains unaffected by the SAKF corrections during a delay period accommodating a delay between the time of actual motion to the time of detected motion, and to implement an algorithm to compute a covariance for CAF that accounts for the uncertainty in CAF during delay period; and wherein outputs of the CAF and its covariance are communicated to an in-motion alignment filter.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a crimp tool angle sensor, a flange section module, and a diagnostic module. The crimp tool angle sensor measures at least one of a roll angle of a crimp tool, a pitch angle of the crimp tool, and a yaw angle of the crimp tool. The flange section module identifies a flange section of a vehicle on which the crimp tool is disposed based on at least one of the roll angle, the pitch angle, and the yaw angle. The diagnostic module determines whether at least one of the roll angle, the pitch angle, and the yaw angle is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a first physical quantity sensor, a drive section adapted to generate a drive signal for driving the first physical quantity sensor with a drive frequency, a second physical quantity sensor, and an output section adapted to generate an output signal based on a signal from the second physical quantity sensor and a signal having a frequency n times (n is an integer equal to or greater than 1) as high as the drive frequency.

Abstract: A method of performing geolocation of receivers, transmitters, and conductive objects includes detecting, with one or more receivers, magnetic field signals generated by one or more transmitters, with each transmitter including two or more co-located coils that are electrically unstable and unbalanced, and that have a mechanically stable orientation with respect to one another. The magnetic field signals from each of the two or more co-located coils of each of the two or more transmitters are decomposed into individual magnetic field components. A set of invariant scalar values that are independent of orientation of one or more magnetic antennas associated with the one or more receivers are calculated from the individual magnetic field components, and the position of an object is determined using the set of invariant scalar values.

Abstract: An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) for a vehicle comprises an IMU that generates inertial measurements, a heading source that generates heading measurements, an attitude filter in communication with the IMU, and a heading filter in communication with the heading source. The attitude filter receives inertial measurements from the IMU; computes an attitude estimation comprising attitude estimates and covariances for the attitude estimates; and outputs the attitude estimation. The heading filter receives the heading measurements, when available, from the heading source; receives the attitude estimation, comprising the attitude estimates and the covariances for the attitude estimates; computes a heading estimation comprising a heading mean estimate and a heading variance; and outputs the heading estimation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an effective and efficient compression system and technique for large amount of data. The data compression is particularly useful for compressing locational data. The compressed locational data is efficient and effective in tracing a moving object. By selecting appropriate input compression parameters, the accuracy and efficiency of the data compression can be tailored to the needs of the user.

Abstract: On-board vehicular monitoring system in a movable vehicle including a frame defining a compartment in which an occupant is able to sit and a drive system for enabling movement of the vehicle. The monitoring system includes at least one sound-receiving/vibration-detecting component that receives sounds from an environment in or around the vehicle and/or detects vibration, a processor coupled to each sound-receiving/vibration-detecting component and that analyzes the sounds and/or vibrations to identify non-speech sounds or vibrations, and a communications device coupled to the processor that transmits a signal, data or information about analysis by the processor of the identified non-speech sounds to a remote location separate and apart from the vehicle.

Abstract: The system includes a method of mapping a building indoor floor plan onto a physical map projection and provides a visual depiction thereof. The system and method is implemented in a computer system wherein each floor of a building is visually mapped from its relative (x, y) position into its real world (x, y) position.

Abstract: An apparatus, including a housing; display; keyboard; at least one microphone; at least one speaker; at least one camera; memory or database which stores travel schedule or itinerary information for a first individual; global positioning device; communication equipment, controller; and transmitter. If the controller detects a deviation of the apparatus from a travel schedule or itinerary or detects an absence of or leaving of the apparatus from an expected location, the controller generates a message and the transmitter transmits the message to a first communication device associated with a second individual. The apparatus initiates a telephone call to the first communication device or a second communication device, de-activates an on/off switching functionality of the apparatus, and deactivates a telephone calling on/off switching functionality.

Abstract: A destination determination device for a vehicle includes: a communication unit that performs a wireless communication with a mobile terminal used by an occupant in the vehicle and having a destination search function; a search condition acquisition unit that acquires destination search conditions from the mobile terminal through the communication unit; a search unit that performs a destination search based on an AND search of a combined search condition in which a plurality of acquired destination search conditions are combined together when the search condition acquisition unit acquires the plurality of destination search condition; and a search result output unit that outputs a search result of the destination search performed by the search unit under the combined search condition.

Abstract: The virtual reality navigation system can display the position of an autonomous vehicle at a predetermined amount of time in the future via virtual reality. A virtual reality display can display a virtual reality autonomous vehicle, as if the virtual reality autonomous vehicle is the autonomous vehicle operating at the predetermined amount of time in the future. Additionally, a virtual reality interface can provide an interface for an operator to interact with the environment of the autonomous vehicle. The virtual reality interface can receive an alternate route selection, and display in virtual reality the one or more maneuvers that would be required to reach the selection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system that receives a request for calculation of one or more routes between a user specified starting location and a destination location and retrieve restrictions in a list corresponding to one or more location restrictions imposed on an individual, with each restriction including a restriction area. The system receive calculated routes and restrictions and whether the segments of the routes intersect areas that define the restrictions in the list. The system issues an approval for each route where no segment of the route intersects any of the restriction areas. Also disclosed is tracking of a user according to approved routes.

Abstract: Described herein is a route and model based energy estimation system and methods therein for predicting an energy consumption of a vehicle for a selected road segment. The predicted energy consumption may be generated for the vehicle based on information specifically related to the vehicle, such as historical energy consumption information for the vehicle, external information that may affect energy consumption by the vehicle, vehicle information, and/or selected road segment information.

Abstract: A vehicle information providing device has a history information accumulation unit configured to sequentially acquire at least one of driving location information, power consumption information and charging facility information from an in-vehicle device of a vehicle having at least an electric motor as a traveling drive source and accumulate the at least one information as driving history information, an input unit configured to input at least a departure point and a destination point, a planned route acquisition unit configured to acquire a planned route from the departure point to the destination point, and a map memory configured to store a control map in which a route of section and a characteristic value are associated with each other on a basis of the driving history information accumulated in the history information accumulation unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus automatically determine a location, such as of an aircraft or spacecraft, by matching images of terrain below the craft, as captured by a camera, radar, etc. in the craft, with known or predicted terrain landmark data stored in an electronic data store. A star tracker measures attitude of the camera. Optionally, a rangefinder measures altitude of the camera above the terrain. A navigation filter uses the attitude, and optionally the altitude, to resolve attitude, and optionally altitude, ambiguities and thereby avoid location solution errors common in prior art terrain matching navigation systems.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a navigation application that allows a user to peek ahead or behind during a turn-by-turn navigation presentation that the application provides while tracking a device (e.g., a mobile device, a vehicle, etc.) traversal of a physical route. As the device traverses along the physical route, the navigation application generates a navigation presentation that shows a representation of the device on a map traversing along a virtual route that represents the physical route on the map. While providing the navigation presentation, the navigation application can receive user input to look ahead or behind along the virtual route. Based on the user input, the navigation application moves the navigation presentation to show locations on the virtual route that are ahead or behind the displayed current location of the device on the virtual route. This movement can cause the device representation to no longer be visible in the navigation presentation.

Abstract: A method performed by an electronic device is described. The method includes obtaining one or more trip objectives. The method also includes obtaining one or more evaluation bases. The method further includes identifying an association between at least one site and the one or more trip objectives. The method additionally includes obtaining sensor data from the at least one site. The sensor data includes at least image data. The method also includes performing analysis on the image data to determine dynamic destination information corresponding to the at least one site. The method further includes performing trip planning based on the dynamic destination information, the one or more trip objectives, and the one or more evaluation bases. The method additionally includes providing one or more suggested routes based on the trip planning.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus including: a first sensor which continuously acquires a vertical direction acceleration generated in accordance with a traveling movement of a user, a second sensor which continuously acquires a travel direction acceleration generated in accordance with the traveling movement, a first determination unit which determines, based on a continuous change of the vertical direction acceleration and the travel direction acceleration, a plurality of landing points of time each being a point of time when a foot of the user lands, and a first acquiring unit which acquires, based on the plurality of landing points of time, a period required for one step of the user in the traveling movement.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device (IED) is provided. The IED includes a metering sub-assembly and an input base module sub-assembly. The metering sub-assembly is hinged to the input base module sub-assembly, where when in an open position, various cables, connectors, and input/output cards/modules are accessible. Various input/output cards/modules are interchangeable to add/change functionality and/or communication capabilities to the IED. In one embodiment, a communication card is provided with at least one antenna disposed internal or external to a housing of the IED.

Abstract: A system may have a digital period divider generating an output signal that is proportional to an angle defined by a rotational input signal and an interval measurement unit determining an interval time of an interval defined by succeeding pulses of the input output signal. In an enhancement, the system may also have a missing pulse detector which is operable to compare a current interval with a parameter to determine whether a pulse is missing in the input signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a discrete position of a first surface of an aircraft is disclosed. The first surface and a second surface movable relative to the first surface are provided. A sensor is disposed on one of the first surface and a second surface and a magnetic field source disposed on the other of the first surface and the second surface. The sensor detects a local magnetic field related to the magnetic field source and generates a voltage indicative of strength of the local magnetic field. The strength of the local magnetic field and therefore the generated voltage is related to a relative position between the sensor and the magnetic field source. The relative distance between the first surface and the second surface is determined from the generated voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor may include a set of elements to detect a set of magnetic field strengths of a magnetic field generated by a magnet, and determine, based on the set of magnetic field strengths, a state of an object with respect to multiple degrees of freedom of object movement. The magnet may be connected to the object such that a center of the magnet is offset from an axis of rotation of the object and such that the magnet is angled with respect to a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation when the object is in an un-tilted position. The magnetic sensor may be substantially centered on the axis of rotation of the object when the object is in the un-tilted position.

Abstract: In a torsional moment and angle sensor for determining a torsional moment to be transferred from a drive member to a driven member, an at least partially circumferential drive side encoder ring section is provided. A contactless sensor scans the drive side encoder ring section. A driven side encoder ring section is provided via which an angular position of the driven member is scanned. The sensor for scanning the drive side encoder ring section is coupled to the drive side encoder ring section via a torsion spring bridge having a predetermined torsional elasticity.

Abstract: A magnetism detecting element detects a leakage magnetism from a scale, on which a magnetic signal with a constant period is recorded, and a relative position between the scale and the magnetism detecting element is detected. The magnetism detecting elements are arranged, along a detection direction of the magnetic signal relative to the scale, in a pattern with a pitch of ½n (n is a prime number of 3 or more) of a wavelength ?? of a signal output by the element. Furthermore, as the pattern for cancelling m odd-order harmonics, the m-th power of 2 magnetism detecting elements are arranged within a range in which a pitch distance L of the magnetism detecting element farthest in the detection direction is expressed by L=(??/2)×(?+?+ 1/7+ . . . 1/(2m+1)).

Abstract: An encoder includes an encoder circuit including first and second switches, a first resistor connected in series to the first switch, and a second resistor connected in series to the second switch, the encoder circuit defined by the first switch and the first resistor and the second switch and the second resistor being connected between a power supply voltage and a ground, and a control circuit connected between the first and second resistors and the power supply voltage to turn off power supply from the power supply voltage to the first resistor when the first switch is closed and to turn off power supply from the power supply voltage to the second resistor when the second switch is closed. The control circuit is connected to a first connection point between the first resistor and the first switch and to a second connection point between the second resistor and the second switch.

Abstract: An origin detector includes detecting element groups having a first to a fourth detector, is configured so that a first signal sensitivity of the detectors of a center is larger than a second signal sensitivity of the detectors of a periphery, reads an origin detecting pattern including an origin pattern having a length along a detecting direction of a part having a physical characteristic different from an origin peripheral part larger than a length along the detecting direction of each detecting element group, and outputs a first signal using the first and third detectors, and a second signal using the second and fourth detectors. A processor acquires a third signal from the first signal and a first threshold, and a fourth signal from the second signal and a second threshold, and outputs a fifth signal using the third and fourth signals as an origin signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems for changing and measuring the polarisation of radio waves. Embodiments of the systems are disclosed for different applications as well as uses of the systems as sensors for measuring angles and shifts.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element that includes a gas inlet through which a measurement target gas is introduced into the sensor element and a protective cover that contains a substance having a capability of decomposing ammonia. The protective cover has a gas-contact surface area within a range of 450 mm2 to 1145 mm2, the gas-contact surface area being a sum of a surface area of a portion facing the inlet-side gas flow path and a surface area of a portion facing an in-element-chamber flow path of the sensor element chamber that is a shortest flow path for the measurement target gas from the element-chamber inlet to the gas inlet.

Abstract: Probes, blast furnaces equipped therewith, and methods of fabricating probes. Such a probe includes a base, a shell connected to the base and constructed of at least first and second housing members that extend together along a length of the probe in a longitudinal direction thereof, and at least one support structure interconnecting the first and second housing members. The probe includes a coolant circuit comprising at least one coolant passage within an interior cavity of the shell. The coolant passage has at least one tube supported by the support structure so that the tube contacts at least one of the first and second housing members. At least one sensor is disposed in the second housing member for performing a measurement at an exterior of the shell.

Abstract: A metallic decorative part for a vehicle display device includes a substrate body molded from a synthetic resin, a metal thin film that is formed of metal and deposited on a surface of the substrate body, and a plurality of grooves deposited on a surface of the metal thin film in accordance with a shape of the surface of the substrate body. The grooves are formed so that a width is larger than 0 and equal to or smaller than 3.0 ?m, and a height is larger than 0 and equal to or smaller than 1.0 ?m. Accordingly, the metallic decorative part for a vehicle display device can properly secure a metallic texture recognized by a viewer with a configuration in which the metal thin film is deposited on the surface of the substrate body made of resin.

Abstract: Aspects of spectrometer secondary reference calibration are described. In one embodiment, a diagnostic measurement for evaluation of an aspect of calibration in spectroscopy is performed. A result of the diagnostic measurement is analyzed to determine a deviation from an expected result. Based on the analysis, a correction algorithm may be applied to the aspect of calibration, in view of the deviation. In some embodiments, a product model diagnostic measurement is also performed for further evaluation of the aspect of calibration. A result of the product model diagnostic measurement is analyzed to determine a product model deviation from an expected result of the product model diagnostic measurement, and a product model correction algorithm is applied, if necessary. According to aspects of the embodiments described herein, using secondary reference standards permits reconstruction of calibration parameters without any need for a master instrument or other forms of calibrated reference instrumentation.

Abstract: An acoustic system can include a liquid-filled coupling component comprising an acoustic coupling fluid and a housing encasing the coupling fluid; a fluid reservoir comprising an amount of the coupling fluid; a path in fluid communication between the coupling component and the fluid reservoir; and a bubble detector coupled to the path and configured to monitor the coupling fluid in the path.