Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by irradiating exposure light on the substrate through liquid. The exposure apparatus has a substrate holder for holding the substrate, a substrate stage capable of moving the substrate held by the substrate holder, and a temperature adjusting system for adjusting the temperature of the substrate holder. The temperature of the substrate is controlled so that there is no difference in temperature between the substrate and the liquid, thereby preventing a reduction in exposure accuracy resulting from variation in temperature of the liquid.

Abstract: An alignment method and an alignment system are provided. The alignment method includes: providing a wafer including an exposed surface, wherein an alignment mark and a reference point with a reference distance are provided on the exposed surface; placing the wafer on a reference plane; performing an alignment measurement on the exposed surface to obtain a projection distance, configured as a measurement distance, between the alignment mark and the reference point on the reference plane; performing a levelling measurement between the exposed surface and the reference plane to obtain levelling data of the exposed surface; obtaining a distance, configured as an expansion reference value, between the alignment mark and the reference point in the exposed surface; obtaining an expansion compensation value based on a difference between the expansion reference value and the reference distance; and adjusting parameters of a photolithography process based on the expansion compensation value for an alignment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithography system. The lithography system includes a radiation source for providing radiation energy; a reticle stage configured to hold a reticle; an imaging lens module configured to direct the radiation energy onto a substrate to form an image of the reticle; and a leveling sensor configured to receive a leveling signal from an exposure field of the reticle secured on the reticle stage.

Abstract: Cold pressure fix toner compositions include at least one crystalline polyester having a melting point in a range from about 30° C. to about 130° C., a rosin acid-based polyester resin and an amorphous polyester having a Tg higher than the rosin acid-based polyester. The crystalline polyester can have a melting point in a range from about 30° C. to about 130° C., the rosin acid-based polyester resin can have a Tg in a range from about 0° C. to about ?45° C. and an amorphous polyester having a Tg in a range from about 40° C. to about 70° C. The temperature difference between the rosin acid-based polyester resin and the amorphous polyester resin can be in a range from about 30° C. to about 110° C.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a core and a shell layer. The shell layer includes a first domain that is a non-crosslinked resin film and second domains that are crosslinked resin particles. The crosslinked resin has a higher glass transition point than the non-crosslinked resin. In a cross-sectional image of a toner particle, a proportion of a total length of a surface region of the core covered by the first domain is at least 45% and no greater than 80% relative to a circumferential length of the core. In a cross-sectional image of a toner particle, a proportion of second domains adhering to a surface of the first domain is at least 30% by number and no greater than 70% by number relative to all the second domains included in the toner particle.

Abstract: A toner includes first toner particles and second toner particles. Each of the first toner particles includes a plate-like colorant particle covered with binder resin particles, and a volume average size of the plate-like colorant particle is equal to or greater than 6 ?m. Each of the second toner particles includes at least one of a binder resin and a releasing agent and not including a colorant, an aspect ratio of the second toner particles is equal to or smaller than 3, and a content ratio of the releasing agents with respect to the second toner particles is equal to or greater than 4 wt % and equal to or smaller than 24 wt %. A content ratio of the second toner particles with respect to the first toner particles is greater than 1 wt % and equal to or smaller than 75 wt %.

Abstract: Toner particles each have a toner core, a shell layer covering a surface of the toner core, and first resin particles containing a melamine resin. A shell layer coverage is 60% to 80%. The first resin particles each have an embedded portion and a protrusion portion. The embedded portions are embedded beneath the surface of the toner core. The protrusion portions protrude outward from the surface of the toner core in a radial direction of the toner particle. An average value Wd of thicknesses b of the shell layers, a number average value Dp of embedment depths c of the first resin particles, and a number average value Pd of primary particle diameters d of the first resin particles satisfy relations (1) to (3) shown below. 0.2?Dp/Pd?0.8??(1) (Pd?Dp)>Wd??(2) 0.10 ?m?Pd?1.

Abstract: A chemically prepared core shell toner formulation for use in electrophotography having an inventive softening agent consisting of a core shell latex having an encapsulated interpenetrating polymer network microgel in the core of the toner is disclosed. Having this core shell latex with an encapsulated IPN microgel in the core of the toner results in a toner that can simultaneously fuse at a desirable low temperature and survive the temperature extremes associated with shipping and storage.

Abstract: A toner containing a toner particle containing a binding resin and a colorant and an inorganic fine particle, in which the inorganic fine particle is a silica particle containing aluminum and the content of the aluminum in the silica particle is 0.2 ppm or more and 200 ppm or less.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a cleaning member held to a holing member and reciprocally moving on a surface of a transparent cover according to reciprocal movement of the holing member, thereby cleaning the surface. The cleaning member is configured such that a front side surface of the cleaning member in a progress direction during the reciprocal movement serves as an inclination surface obliquely crossing the progress direction when viewed from a direction vertical to the surface of the transparent cover, and at an outer side of the transparent cover in a direction perpendicular to the progress direction, a concave portion is formed to collect foreign matters moving to the outer side along the inclination surface according to the movement of the cleaning member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including a housing, a communication interface, a light source unit, and a light guide, is provided. The communication interface includes a communication board and a looped antenna for near field communication. The communication board is arranged to be covered by the housing and has an aperture portion. The looped antenna is arranged on a circumferential edge of the aperture portion to be looped around the aperture portion. The light source includes a light source board, arranged at a position opposite to the housing across the communication interface along a direction of thickness of the communication board, and a light source mounted on the light source board. The light guide extends from the light source through the aperture portion toward the housing.

Abstract: A process of reducing a toner consumption amount is to be performed on a region within several tens of pixels from a rendering end. An excessive amount of toner is supplied from a toner supplying unit which faces a non-printing region of a photosensitive drum within several tens of pixels at most from an end portion of a printing region. Accordingly, if only contour pixels in the rendering end are processed by an existing processing system, the contour correction and the process of reducing a toner consumption amount may be simultaneously realized. A contour is calculated as a processing result of the existing processing system, and an existing process is performed on a contour portion. The process of reducing a toner consumption amount is performed on other portions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes first and second toner containers that respectively contains a non-luminescent toner and a luminescent toner, a first development part provided with the first toner container, and causing the non-luminescent toner, which is supplied from the first toner container, to adhere to a first latent image formed based on image data, a second development part provided with the second toner container, and causing the luminescent toner, which is supplied from the second toner container, to adhere to a second latent image formed based on the image data, which is used for the first latent image, a transfer part that transfers the non-luminescent toner adhering to the first latent image and the luminescent toner adhering to the second latent image to a medium, and a fuser part that fuses the non-luminescent toner and the luminescent toner transferred to the medium.

Abstract: A powder container includes a discharge port, and a container identifier shape portion provided on a front end surface of the powder container in an insertion direction and that functions to identify a type of the powder container, the insertion direction being a direction in which the container body is inserted. The powder container further includes a driven portion that interlocks with a first main-body interlocking portion of the image forming apparatus at the time of setting in the main body of the image forming apparatus, and an identifier opening group that starts to interlock with a second main-body interlocking portion of the image forming apparatus after the driven portion starts to interlock with the first main-body interlocking portion. A position of the identifier opening group relative to the driven portion in the circumferential direction varies depending on a type of the powder container to be identified.

Abstract: A developing cartridge may include: a casing; a first gear; and a second gear. The first gear may include: a small-diameter gear portion and a large-diameter gear portion. The second gear may include: a first columnar portion; a second columnar portion; a first engaging portion; a second engaging portion; and a protrusion. The first engaging portion may be provided at the first columnar portion and may be engageable with the small-diameter gear portion. The second engaging portion may be provided at the second columnar portion and positioned closer than the first engaging portion to the casing in the axials direction. The second engaging portion may be engageable with the large-diameter gear portion. The protrusion may be rotatable together with the first and second engaging portions. The second engaging portion may be engageable with the large-diameter gear portion after the first engaging portion has engaged with the small-diameter gear portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refill adapter for coupling a closure of a toner bottle to a toner reservoir, the refill adapter comprising: a base having an insertion area for receiving the closure inserted therein and an opening mechanism for opening the closure, wherein the opening mechanism is configured to hold a first closure member of the closure and to move a second closure member of the closure relative to the first closure member along an axis between a closed position, in which the second closure member cooperates with the first closure member to close or seal an outlet opening of the closure, and an open position for dispensing toner from the toner bottle through the outlet opening into the toner reservoir; a sealing device comprising a first sealing part, which is fixed to the base, and a second sealing part, which is movable relative to the first sealing part, wherein the second sealing part is configured to be moved together with the second closure member along the axis and to thereby contact

Abstract: A developing device includes a rotary member delivering a developer to a latent image on an image carrier while rotating, a supply member disposed in a supply path and including a supply shaft and a helical or substantially helical supply blade, the supply member supplying the developer to the rotary member while rotating, a stirring member disposed in a stirring path, which extends alongside the supply path, and including a stirring shaft and a helical or substantially helical stirring blade, the stirring member stirring and circulating the developer between the supply and stirring paths while rotating, and an ejection path connected to an upstream portion of the supply path in a transport direction of the developer to eject the developer to the outside. The stirring blade's outer diameter is 1.1 or about 1.1 times or more and 1.5 or about 1.5 times or less the supply blade's outer diameter.

Abstract: A developing device has a developing roller, a toner feeding roller, a regulating blade, a casing, a film member, a biasing member, and first and second gears. The casing has an inner wall part facing the developing roller between the regulating blade and an image carrying member. The film member is flexible, and can vibrate in a direction approaching or away from the inner wall part. The biasing member applies a tension to the film member in its longitudinal direction. The first and second gears are coupled to a gear train driving the developing roller or the toner feeding roller, and have formed on their circumferential surfaces first and second protrusions vibrating the film member by intermittently making contact with one edge and the other edge of the film member respectively.

Abstract: A nozzle insertion member arranged in a powder container includes a nozzle insertion opening; an opening/closing member opening/closing the nozzle insertion opening; a supporting member supporting the opening/closing member; and a biasing member provided to the supporting member to bias the opening/closing member toward a closing position. When the powder is supplied to the conveying nozzle along with rotation of a rotary conveyor arranged inside the powder container, the supporting member rotates with the rotation of the conveyor. The opening/closing member is rotated by a drive transmitting mechanism with rotation of the supporting member. The mechanism includes an elongated member arranged on the opening/closing member and penetrating through an opening formed on the supporting member; and a drive transmitted portion formed on the elongated member; and a drive transmitting portion formed on an inner surface of the opening and configured to come into contact with the drive transmitted portion.

Abstract: A developer container includes a conveyance member having at least a first sheet member and a second sheet member and configured to convey the developer, a deformation portion provided to contact the first sheet member and configured to elastically deform the first sheet member, and a release portion configured to release elastic deformation of the first sheet member to cause the developer on the first sheet member to fly toward an opening, wherein a containing chamber includes a recessed portion as viewed in a lengthwise direction of the containing chamber and wherein the second sheet member is in contact with a wall inside the recessed portion when the developer on the first sheet member is positioned at the release portion.

Abstract: A toner cartridge according to one example embodiment includes a housing having a reservoir for containing toner therein. An exit port in fluid communication with the reservoir faces downward on a front of the housing near a first side of the housing. A portion of a main interface gear for providing rotational power to a toner delivery system is exposed on the front of the housing near a top of a second side of the housing and engagable with a corresponding drive gear in the image forming device. A projection projects from the front of the housing and is spaced from the exit port toward the first side of the housing. The projection extends further forward than a frontmost portion of the exit port. A front of the projection is unobstructed for engaging a shutter on a developer unit when the toner cartridge is inserted into the image forming device.

Abstract: This conductive endless belt can suppress a reduction in toner releasability. The conductive endless belt is used in an image forming apparatus and includes at least an endless base layer and a surface layer formed on an outermost surface of an outer periphery of the base layer. The surface layer is formed from a resin composition including ultraviolet curable resin and silicone resin. The silicone resin includes polysiloxane containing, per molecule, 4 or more of at least one of an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an intermediary transfer belt, a primary transfer roller provided so that a contact region between the roller and the belt and a contact region between the image bearing member and the belt are in a non-overlapping state with each other with respect to a movement direction of the belt, a primary transfer voltage source, a current detecting portion, an executing portion configured to acquire information on a discharge start voltage on the basis of a detection result of the detecting portion in a period other than a period of primary transfer by applying the voltage to the roller and a setting portion configured to set, on the basis of an execution result of the executing portion, a primary transfer voltage applied to the roller by the primary transfer voltage source in the period of the primary transfer.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a leading-end fixing value output part to output a leading-end fixing value indicating a leading-end fixing temperature and a leading-end separation value output part to output a leading-end separation value indicating a leading-end separation temperature. These output parts both output a higher value as a leading-end toner value representing a toner adhesion amount of a toner image in a leading area of a sheet is higher. A controller of the fixing device performs separation control to control a heating temperature by a heating source so that a leading-end set temperature at a fixing nip while the sheet leading area is passing through the fixing nip becomes equal to or higher than the leading-end fixing temperature. When the leading-end fixing value is lower than the leading-end separation value, the leading-end set temperature becomes equal to or higher than the leading-end separation temperature.

Abstract: This image forming apparatus is equipped with: a conveyance cover which forms a reverse conveyance path; and a double-sided conveyance unit. The conveyance cover is turnably mounted to a body housing, and the double-sided conveyance unit is turnably mounted to the conveyance cover. A side surface of the body housing is equipped with a first abutment surface. The double-sided conveyance unit is equipped with a second abutment surface that abuts on the first abutment surface. The first abutment surface and the second abutment surface are the surfaces against which the double-sided conveyance unit and the surface abut first when the conveyance cover is closed, if in a state where the conveyance cover is opened and the double-sided conveyance unit is separated from the conveyance cover. The abutment presses the double-sided conveyance unit toward a position to cause the conveyance cover to house the double-sided conveyance unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body accommodating an image forming device, a foreign object detector that detects a foreign object beside the apparatus body, and a detector holding unit that holds the foreign object detector. The foreign object detector and the detector holding unit are movable together into the apparatus body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a voltage applying unit that applies a bias voltage for enabling a transfer unit to transfer a developer layer to a transfer medium, the developer layer being retained by an image carrier in accordance with image information; a measuring unit that measures a surface potential of the developer layer; and a setting unit that sets a value of the bias voltage to be applied by the voltage applying unit in accordance with the surface potential measured by the measuring unit, a combined electrostatic capacitance of a surface layer of the image carrier and the developer layer, and an electrostatic capacitance specific to the transfer medium.

Abstract: A printer includes: a first roller feeding a liner; a print unit printing information on a print medium temporarily adhering to the liner fed by the first roller; a second roller located at a first position when performing a print operation in a first print mode, and a second position when performing the print operation in a second print mode, at which second position the second roller rotates by the rotation of the first roller to separate the print medium from the liner; a reflective optical sensor including a light emitting part and a light receiving part arranged in an upward and downward direction defined when the printer is placed on a horizontal surface, and that is used to determine a position of the second roller; and a sensor housing containing the light receiving part. The sensor housing has a surface opposite to the light receiving part. The surface has an opening on a side of the light emitting part, and a light blocking part on a side opposite to the side of the light emitting part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a transfer member, a measurement instrument, and a controller. The controller is configured to predict a lifetime of the transfer member based on first and second electrical states. The first electrical state is an electrical state of the transfer member when a first image carrier is attached as the image carrier. The second electrical state is an electrical state of the transfer member when a second image carrier different from the first image carrier is attached as the image carrier after formation of an image with the use of the first image carrier.

Abstract: A sheet transport apparatus is equipped with a sheet transport guide section for guiding a sheet to be transported. The sheet transport guide section includes a first transport guide member swingable about a first axis, and a second transport guide member swingable about a second axis, the second transport guide member forming a sheet transport path between the second transport guide member and the first transport guide member. The second transport guide member is arranged at a first position when the first transport guide member is closed, at a second position where the second transport guide member is opened from the first position when the first transport guide member is opened, or at a third position where the second transport guide member is opened from the second position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a first roller, a second roller and a control section. The first roller is arranged on a conveyance path of a sheet. The second roller is arranged downstream side of the first roller in the conveyance path. The control section calculates a deflection amount of the sheet nipped by the first roller and the second roller based on a conveyance speed of the sheet conveyed along the conveyance path, and controls a rotation speed of at least one of the first roller and the second roller based on the calculated deflection amount.

Abstract: A medium feeding unit that is configure to be mounted to an image forming apparatus provided with an image forming unit and feeds a medium to the image forming unit includes a medium introducing part that introduces the medium to the image forming unit and a medium holding part that holds the medium at a feeding position from which the medium is fed to the image forming unit. The medium holding part is configured to be positioned at one of at least two different feeding positions relative to the medium introducing part.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a first holding unit configured to hold one or more sheets and movable in a sheet transport direction, a drive unit configured to move the first holding unit in the sheet transport direction, a biasing member, and a conversion unit. The biasing member biases the first holding unit in a second direction opposite to the sheet transport direction, stores elastic energy when the first holding unit is moved in the sheet transport direction, and moves the first holding unit in the second direction when the stored elastic energy in the biasing member is released. The conversion unit has a shaft configured to be rotated by the elastic energy stored in the biasing member to generate electrical energy.

Abstract: A sheet binding apparatus includes a stack portion on which sheets are stacked; a manual setting portion, different from the stack portion, to which sheets are manually set from an outside of the apparatus; a first binding portion binding sheets stacked on the stack portion and set on the manual setting portion, the first binding portion being movable to a first position where sheets on the stack portion are bound and to a second position, different from the first position where sheets set on the manual setting portion are bound; and a second binding portion binding sheets stacked on the stack portion, the second binding portion being different from the first binding portion. The first position is set, with respect to a moving direction of the first binding portion, between the second position and a third position where the second binding portion binds sheets stacked on the stack portion.

Abstract: An image carrying member unit is provided with an image carrying member, and a unit housing. The image carrying member includes an image carrying member main body which has an outer peripheral surface on which a photosensitive layer is formed, a flange part which is secured to both ends of the image carrying member main body, a cylindrical oil-impregnated sintered bearing which is secured to the through-hole of the flange part, a conduction member which conducts electricity between the oil-impregnated sintered bearing and the image carrying member main body, a spindle which is slidably inserted in the oil-impregnated sintered bearing and secured to the unit housing, and a contact spring which has a coiled spring part into which the spindle is inserted, and which is sandwiched in a compressed state between an end surface in the axial direction of the oil-impregnated sintered bearing and the unit housing.

Abstract: A drive transmission device, which is included in an image forming apparatus and detachably attached to an apparatus body configured to include a driven body to which a driving force is transmitted, includes a first opposing body and a second opposing body disposed facing each other and forming a gap therebetween, a gear rotatably disposed in the gap formed between the first opposing body and the second opposing body, and a rotary shaft configured to receive the driving force from a drive source and rotate in the gap. One rotational axial end of the rotary shaft being passed through the second opposing body and rotatably supported by the second opposing body in the gap.

Abstract: An unidirectional clutch including: a first rotating member including an accommodation portion; a second rotating member provided on a same axis as the first rotating member and including a latch portion; and a latch member including a latch arm and accommodated in the accommodation portion so as to pivot to a locking position, wherein the latch arm is caught at the latch portion, or to a releasing position, wherein the latch arm is released from the latch portion, according to a rotation direction of the first rotating member, wherein the latch member does not rotate in the accommodation portion, and a location of a pivot center of the latch member changes when pivoting to the locking position or to the releasing position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a temperature/humidity sensor 112 for detecting temperature/humidity information and a controller 101 for executing, on the basis of information detected by this detecting means, an operation in a control mode in which charging by a corona charger 2 and discharging by a discharging means 9 are carried out while rotating a photosensitive member after end of cleaning by the cleaning means and before image formation is started.

Abstract: An optical scanning device (12) includes cleaning holders (511, 512), light transmitting members (52), a linear member (54), a winding motor (55), and stoppers (56a, 56b). The two cleaning holders (511, 512) are coupled to the linear member (54). The linear member 54 is driven to circulate by the winding motor (55), whereby the two cleaning holders (511, 512) move and each cleaning member slides on a corresponding one of the light transmitting members (52). When the cleaning holders (511, 512) come into contact with the respective stoppers (56a, 56b), the stoppers (56a, 56b) restrict movement of the respective cleaning holders (511, 512) in one of directions of extension of the light transmitting members (52). A contact determining section (913) determines, based on a current value of the winding motor (55), that the cleaning holder (511, 512) has come into contact with the stopper (56a, 56b).

Abstract: An image forming unit and a paper feed unit on which the image forming unit is stacked is provided. The image forming unit or the paper feed unit includes a connecting fixing member including a connection portion with which the units are connected to and fixed to each other. The connecting fixing member is rotatably provided to one device which is one of the image forming unit and the paper feed unit. The connection portion rotates to an engagement position of the other device, when the connecting fixing member comes into contact with the other device which is the other one of the image forming unit and the paper feed unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a cover unit, a boss, a hook member, a biasing member and a pressing member. The cover unit is turnably provided on an apparatus main body to form and open a conveying path. The boss is provided on the apparatus main body. The hook member is turnably provided on the cover unit and engaged with the boss when the cover unit is turned to a position where the conveying path is formed. The biasing member is provided on the cover unit and biases the hook member in a direction in which the hook member is engaged with the boss. The pressing member is provided on the cover unit in an elastically deformable manner and abuts on the hook member from an upstream side of a turning direction of the hook member to a position where the hook member is engaged with the boss.

Abstract: A powder container is insertable in an image forming apparatus, and includes a main-body interlocking portion that is rotatable and protrudes toward an upstream side in an insertion direction in which the powder container is inserted, the image forming apparatus including an identifier protrusion that protrudes toward the upstream side in the insertion direction to identify a type of the powder container. The powder container includes a container interlocking portion configured to interlock with the main-body interlocking portion; and an interlocked portion configured to interlock with the identifier protrusion. The interlocked portion is provided in a front end of the powder container in the insertion direction. The container interlocking portion stands outward from an outer circumference of the powder container. The container interlocking portion and the interlocked portion are rotated integrally.

Abstract: A process cartridge including: a photosensitive member cartridge including a photosensitive member; and a developing cartridge including a developer carrier. The developing cartridge further includes: an inputting portion; a first cover; and a second cover. The first cover has a first engagement portion configured to move the developer carrier away from the photosensitive member. The first engagement portion is positioned between an axis of the developer carrier extending in an axial direction and an axis of the inputting portion extending in the axial direction, when projected in the axial direction. The second cover has a second engagement portion configured to move the developer carrier away from the photosensitive member. The second engagement portion is positioned between the axis of the developer carrier and the axis of the inputting portion, when projected in the axial direction.

Abstract: A structure includes a rotatable rotating member, a blade, a support member, and a frame body. The blade extends in an axial direction of the rotating member and is in contact with or disposed close to a surface of the rotating member. The support member supports the blade such that one end side of the blade projects toward the rotating member in a lateral direction that intersects the axial direction. The frame body is formed by insert molding in which resin is injected while the support member is secured to a mold. The frame body clamps part of the support member so as to support the support member.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes a waveguide body and a spatially-varying volume hologram. The volume hologram increases, in a coordinate direction along the volume hologram, an angle of incidence by which light propagating in the waveguide body via total internal reflection is released from the waveguide body. The optical waveguide may form part of an optical system that includes one or more light sources and/or optical sensors.

Abstract: An optical device includes a hologram recording member on which a hologram image is recorded, a light source for reproducing the hologram image, a first reflecting surface for projecting the hologram image ahead of the hologram recording member by reflecting a light from the light source into a rear side of the hologram recording member at a predetermined angle, and a second reflecting surface for generating a backlight by reflecting the light from the light source into the rear side of the hologram recording member.

Abstract: A timepiece spring, as a mainspring, made of austenitic stainless steel including a base formed of iron and chromium, thickness of the spring being less than 0.20 mm, and the spring including, by mass: chromium: minimum value 15%, maximum value 25%; manganese: minimum value 5%, maximum value 25%; nitrogen: minimum value 0.40%, maximum value 0.75%; carbon: minimum value 0.10%, maximum value 1.00%; the total (C+N) carbon and nitrogen content between 0.40% and 1.50% by mass; the carbon-to nitrogen ratio (C/N) by mass between 0.125 and 0.550; impurities and additional metals with the exception of iron: minimum value 0%, maximum value 12.0%; iron: the complement to 100%.

Abstract: Timepiece display mechanism comprising a centre pipe fixed on a plate, this centre pipe comprising a main bore or a main guide bearing surface for receiving and guiding in rotation, about a main axis, a display wheel set internal or external to the centre pipe, and this display mechanism comprises an axial stop arranged to limit to a predetermined value the axial play in the direction of the main axis between the centre pipe and the display wheel set, and which is an added axial stop which is either captively mounted between the centre tube and the display wheel set, or fixed to the display wheel set.

Abstract: Movable assembly for a timepiece display device, with a display member pivoting about an axis and having a first off-center center of inertia positioned in a direction of unbalance, and a mobile element pivoting about the axis integrally with the display member and having a second center of inertia in the direction of unbalance on the opposite side to that of the first center of inertia and including at least one cutout on the opposite side to that of the second center of inertia with respect to the axis, and/or at least one inertia block situated entirely on the side of the second center of inertia, and any bore or recess or cutout comprised in the mobile element, other than a bore around the axis, is situated entirely on the side opposite to that of the second center of inertia with respect to the axis.

Abstract: An analog timepiece includes a main casing, a main core unit, a main dial, at least one time indicating hand, and a steps illustrating arrangement. The steps illustrating arrangement includes a steps sensor, a control unit, a first steps dial and a second steps dial, a first steps indicating hand, a gear unit, and a second steps indicating hand. When the steps sensor senses a predetermined number of steps, the control unit is configured to drive the first steps indicating hand to rotate for one fine steps marking on the first steps dial. When the first indicating hand move over a predetermined number of fine steps markings, the to second indicating hand is arranged to be driven to move one collective steps marking on the second steps dial.