Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a first planar electrode, a first insulator layered over an upper surface of the first planar electrode, a planar pixel electrode layered over an upper surface of the first insulator, a second insulator layered over an upper surface of the pixel electrode, a second planar electrode that covers the pixel electrode and that is layered over an upper surface of the second insulator, and a liquid crystal layer disposed over an upper surface of the second planar electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first scanning line, a third scanning line, a second scanning line, a first linear electrode, a second linear electrode and a third linear electrode. The first linear electrode is located between the first scanning line and the second scanning line, and extends in a third direction. The second linear electrode is located between the first scanning line and the second scanning line, and extends in a fourth direction. The third linear electrode is located between the second scanning line and the third scanning line, and comprises a portion extending in the fourth direction. The second linear electrode is electrically connected to the third linear electrode.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to apply a sufficient electrical field to a liquid crystal material in a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display device typified by an FFS type. In a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display, an electrical field is applied to a liquid crystal material right above a common electrode and a pixel electrode using plural pairs of electrodes rather than one pair of electrodes. One pair of electrodes includes a comb-shaped common electrode and a comb-shaped pixel electrode. Another pair of electrodes includes a common electrode provided in a pixel portion and the comb-shaped pixel electrode.

Abstract: An array substrate and an array substrate fabrication method are provided. The array substrate comprises a base substrate, a first conductive layer, a first passivation layer including a plurality of first through-holes. a light-shielding layer including a plurality of first metal wires arranged in parallel, a second passivation layer including a plurality of second through-holes, and a first metal layer including a plurality of second metal wires arranged in parallel and one-to-one corresponding to the plurality of first metal wires. The first metal wire is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through at least one first through-hole, and the second metal wire is electrically connected to the corresponding first metal wire through at least one second through-hole. The array substrate includes a display region and a non-display region, and the first through-holes and the second through-holes are formed at the non-display region of the array substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including an active element substrate having an active element; a first layer provided on the active element and having a first hole formed therein, the first layer being one of a first insulating layer and a color filter; a second layer provided on the first layer and having a second hole formed therein, the second layer being the other of the first insulating layer and the color filter; a common electrode provided on the second layer; a second insulating layer having a plate-like portion provided on the common electrode and a first contact portion protruded downward; and a pixel electrode having a second contact portion protruded downward. The first contact portion is provided inside the second hole, and the second contact portion is provided inside the first hole and inside the second hole and electrically connected to the active element.

Abstract: Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first layer overlying the first electrode, and a second layer overlying the second electrode. The first layer contains an oxidizable color-developing electrochromic compound. The second layer contains a compound having the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R5 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R1 to R5 includes a functional group directly or indirectly bindable to a hydroxyl group (OH).

Abstract: A switching material comprising one or more than one polymers and an electrolyte comprising a salt and a solvent portion comprising one or more solvents; and one or more compounds having electrochromic and photochromic properties dispersed homogeneously through the switching material; and wherein the switching material is transitionable from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV light and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage.

Abstract: An electro-optic assembly for use in a vehicle having a windshield is provided and includes a first arcuate substrate having a first surface with an anti-reflective coating and a second surface. A second arcuate substrate includes a third surface and a fourth surface with an anti-reflective coating. The first and second substrates are positioned such that the second and third surfaces are at least 0.1 mm apart. A seal is disposed between the first and second substrates and located substantially about a periphery of the electro-optic assembly. An electro-optic medium is positioned in a cavity defined by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the seal, the electro-optic medium including a refractive index greater than 1.2. The second surface is configured to receive and reflect incident light projected from a projector, thereby displaying information that appears to be displayed forward of the windshield.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes: an optical module including a switchable mirror layer configured to operate in a mode selected from a transmissive mode and a reflective mode; a display module configured to generate data images; and a camera module configured to obtain external images, wherein the switchable mirror layer is configured to provide the data images to different directions from each other to correspond to the transmissive mode and the reflective mode.

Abstract: A light control system is provided with a spatial light modulator of a liquid-crystal type, an input unit, and a controller. The input unit is configured to input a light to the spatial light modulator. The controller is configured to cause the spatial light modulator to function as a diffraction grating by electrically controlling the spatial light modulator. The controller is configured to change a path of a diffracted light from the spatial light modulator corresponding to the light input from the input unit by changing a shape of the diffraction grating.

Abstract: A method of nonlinear wavelength generation uses a nonlinear optical medium. An input flux of pump energy is applied to one or more dielectric optical resonators. Each resonator has an optical cavity comprising the nonlinear optical medium. Each resonator has at least one Mie resonance that is excited by the input flux of pump energy. The pump energy causes the generation of converted light containing at least one converted component having a frequency attainable only through a non-linear process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a camera module comprising: a printed circuit board having an image sensor mounted thereon; a holder member provided on the printed circuit board and having a lens barrel provided therein; an optical module arranged on the upper side of the holder member and performing an auto-focusing function and/or an image stabilization function; and an electric current applying unit for electrically connecting the printed circuit board and the optical module, wherein the electric current applying unit comprises: first and second conductive members connected to the printed circuit board; and first and second plate members which are arranged on the upper side of the holder member and are electrically connected to each of the first and second conductive members, and which are electrically connected through the optical module.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a casing having a waterproof structure; a light transmission part provided in the casing; an air blow port for blowing air onto the light transmission part; a flow path for causing the air to flow to the air blow port, the flow path being provided to maintain the waterproof structure of the casing; an air intake port through which the air flows into the flow path; a blower part generating the flow of the air from the air intake port to the air blow port; and an observation unit accommodated in the casing to receive light from the outside via the light transmission part.

Abstract: A gimbal includes a first support frame, a second support frame, a third support frame, and a center of gravity adjusting unit. The first support frame includes two first pillars and a guiding post connected between the two first pillars and approximately perpendicular to the two first pillars. The guiding post is configured to carry an imaging device. The second support frame includes two second pillars hinged with the two first pillars, respectively. The third support frame includes a third pillar and a connecting plate. One end of the third pillar is connected to the two second pillars. The connecting plate is connected to another end of the third pillar. The center of gravity adjusting unit is provided in one of the two first pillars, the guiding post, or the connecting plate, and configured to adjust a center of gravity of the gimbal.

Abstract: A gimbal mechanism includes a first actuator providing rotation about a first actuator axis, a second actuator providing rotation about a second actuator axis different from the first actuator axis, a first coupler operatively coupling the first actuator and the payload and configured to affect rotation of the payload about the first actuator axis, and a second coupler operatively coupling the second actuator and the payload and configured to affect rotation of the payload about the second actuator axis. The first coupler includes a first cantilever member coupled to the first actuator and a first joint member coupled to the payload. The second coupler includes a second cantilever member coupled to the second actuator and a second joint member coupled to the payload. Both the first coupler and the second coupler are directly coupled to the payload.

Abstract: A monitoring device arrangement is disclosed that may comprise a mounting rail and at least two fixed monitoring devices. The fixed monitoring devices may each being mounted on a respective holder. The holders may be arranged on the mounting rail. Each holder may include a lock device that locks the holder in a determined position on the mounting rail. The lock device may be releasable to allow sliding repositioning of the holder on the mounting rail.

Abstract: A camera mounting mechanism for a portable communication device provides a unitary cylindrical camera housing having an opening for receiving a hemispherical camera lens of an optical sub-assembly. A heat sink wall is fitted into a base opening of the housing. Another heat sink dissipates heat from a microprocessor. A replaceable lens cap assembles to the exterior surface of the unitary cylindrical camera housing to retain and seal the camera module. The mounting of the threaded lens cap to the outside of the camera housing negates leak paths.

Abstract: A camera accessory mounting element includes attachment elements configured to mount to a component of a camera, such as a lens or a flash device. One or more peripheral devices may be attached to the camera accessory mounting element using attachment elements such as magnets. Peripheral devices include a grid, a light directing dish, a lens hood, a lens adaptor, a step-ring, a lens filter, a lens extension tubes, a light diffusers, a light filter, and a light directing device.

Abstract: An angularly rotary projector includes a first housing, a rotating unit and a second housing, characterized in that the first housing is mutually connected with the second housing through the rotating unit; the rotating unit includes a main shaft, a fixed lateral plate and a movable lateral plate; the fixed lateral plate on the rotating unit is fixed in the first housing; the movable lateral plate on the rotating unit is fixed in the second housing; the first housing and the second housing are angularly adjusted by using the rotating unit; the rotating unit is installed on one side of each one of the first housing and the second housing, and a fitting unit is disposed on the other side of each one of the first housing and the second housing.

Abstract: A projector includes a holding casing having a hole structure, a projection lens movably disposed through the hole structure, a containing casing detachably fixed to the holding casing for forming a containing space, an image projection module disposed in the containing space, and a flexible washer. A first engaging structure is formed on an external surface of the projection lens. The flexible washer jackets the projection lens and has first and second ring structures and a connection ring structure formed therebetween. The first engaging structure is engaged with the second engaging structure of the first ring structure for positioning the first ring structure on the projection lens. The second ring structure is clamped between the holding casing and the containing casing for sealing the containing space cooperatively with the connection ring structure and the first ring structure when the containing casing is fixed to the holding casing.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a base substrate; a plurality of light emitting elements disposed on the base substrate along each of an X-direction and a Y-direction crossing the X-direction; and a first polarity terminal and a second polarity terminal for supplying power to the plurality of light emitting elements. The first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal project from one side of the base substrate in the X-direction as viewed in a Z-direction orthogonal to the X-direction and the Y-direction.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light source that emits light including light having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region, a first filter that removes light of a particular wavelength region of the ultraviolet region among light from the light source and that transmits light of another wavelength region, a second filter that is arranged on a side of the first filter opposite to that on which the light source is arranged, and that removes light of a wavelength region that is different from the particular wavelength region of the ultraviolet region among the light transmitted by the first filter, wherein the second filter has a half-value wavelength that is shorter than a half-value wavelength of the first filter.

Abstract: A stiffening strip at selected edges of a screen may enable the use and mounting of a high-elastic modulus substrate screen material. Such screen materials may be engineered to provide polarization-preserving characteristics, and be applied to or part of the high-elastic modulus substrate. Furthermore, the stiffening strip may enable the use of screen vibration techniques to reduce speckle in display applications that use projection screens, particularly those display applications using illumination sources prone to speckle such as laser-based projection. The screen vibration may be provided by a vibrating device attached to the stiffening strip.

Abstract: A rifle scope includes a housing configured to mount to a rifle. The rifle scope further includes a network transceiver within the housing and configured to communicate bi-directionally with at least one of a network and an electronic device configurable to communicate with to the network.

Abstract: A monomer having an onium salt structure represented by formula (1) gives a polymer which is fully compatible with resist components. A resist composition comprising the polymer has advantages including reduced acid diffusion, high sensitivity, high resolution, a good balance of lithography properties, and less defects, and is quite effective for precise micropatterning.

Abstract: Various polycycloolefinic polymers containing phenolic pendent groups and compositions thereof useful for forming self-imageable films encompassing such polymers are disclosed. Such polymers encompass norbornene-type repeating units containing phenolic pendent groups which contain very low levels of fluorine containing monomers. The films formed from such polymer compositions provide self imageable, low-k, thermally stable layers for use in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition, a method of manufacturing a substrate with a template using the composition, and a method of manufacturing a plated article using the substrate with a template. The photosensitive resin composition may be used to form a plated article on a metal surface of a substrate The composition includes an acid generator that, when irradiated with an active ray or radiation, generates an acid, a resin that, under an action of an acid, undergoes an increase in solubility thereof in alkali, and a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an exposure method. The method includes attaching a thin film sheet thermally shrinkable onto a rear face of a wafer. The method includes heating the wafer provided with the thin film sheet attached thereon, and deforming the wafer into a shape projecting on a front face side of the wafer. The method includes fixing the deformed wafer onto a stage by vacuum suction holding from a rear face side of the wafer. The method includes performing exposure to the fixed wafer.

Abstract: A laser imaging system and method for printing includes a digital micromirror device and a switchable mirror element that acts as a clear lens element during the printing by the laser imaging system. A laser diode array provides a laser to the switchable mirror element in a laser path, wherein the switchable mirror element is located in the laser path between the laser diode array and the digital micromirror device to divert energy out of the system and away from the digital micromirror device during periods of non-laser imaging without reducing or powering down the laser system.

Abstract: A method of driving a spatial light modulator includes: setting, in an array of mirror elements, mirror elements in a first state for turning incident light into reflected light with the same phase as that of the incident light or with a phase different by a first phase from that of the incident light and mirror elements in a second state for turning incident light into reflected light with a phase different approximately 180° from the first phase to an arrangement with a first phase distribution; and setting, in the array of mirror elements, the first mirror elements and the second mirror elements to an arrangement with a second phase distribution which is an inversion of the first phase distribution.

Abstract: A real-time variable parameter micro-nano optical field modulation system includes a light source, a 4F optical system and a set of light wave modulation optical components. The 4F optical system includes a first optical assembly and a second optical assembly arranged along an optical path in sequence. The light wave modulation optical components are arranged between the first optical assembly and the second optical assembly, and generate optical field distribution with adjustable patterns and structural parameters thereof on a back focal plane of the system by segmented modulation of sub-wavefronts.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for microlithography for imaging an object field includes an objective, one or a plurality of manipulators for manipulating one or a plurality of optical elements of the objective, a control unit for regulating or controlling the one or the plurality of manipulators, a determining device for determining at least one or a plurality of image aberrations of the objective, a memory comprising upper bounds for one or a plurality of specifications of the objective, including upper bounds for image aberrations and/or movements for the manipulators, wherein when determining an overshooting of one of the upper bounds by one of the image aberrations and/or an overshooting of one of the upper bounds by one of the manipulator movements by regulation or control of at least one manipulator within at most 30000 ms, or 10000 ms, or 5000 ms, or 1000 ms, or 200 ms, or 20 ms, or 5 ms, or 1 ms, an undershooting of the upper bounds can be effected.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light generating apparatus may include: a chamber, in which extreme ultraviolet light is generated; a target supply unit that outputs a target into the chamber as droplets to supply the target to a plasma generating region; a stage that moves the target supply unit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of droplets output from the target supply unit; a droplet detector provided between the target supply unit and the plasma generating region at an inclination of a predetermined angle with respect to a substantially vertical direction, that detects the droplets from a direction inclined at the predetermined angle; and a calculation control unit that controls the irradiation timings of the laser beam at which the laser beam is irradiated onto the droplets within the plasm generating region, by adding delay times to the timings at which the droplets are detected by the droplet detector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of monitoring a focus parameter during a lithographic process. The method comprises acquiring first and second measurements of, respectively first and second targets, wherein the first and second targets have been exposed with a relative best focus offset. The method then comprises determining the focus parameter from first and second measurements. Also disclosed are corresponding measurement and lithographic apparatuses, a computer program and a method of manufacturing devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate comprising an optical position mark for being read-out by an optical recording head for emitting light of predetermined wavelength, preferably red or infra-red light, more in particular of 635 nm light, the optical position mark having a mark height, a mark length and a predetermined known position on the substrate, the optical position mark extending along a longitudinal direction and being arranged for varying a reflection coefficient of the position mark along said longitudinal direction, wherein the optical position mark comprises: a first region having a first reflection coefficient and a first width; a second region neighboring the first region and forming a first region pair, the second region having a second reflection coefficient and a second width, and the second reflection coefficient being different from the first reflection coefficient, wherein the first region comprises sub-wavelength structures in comparison with a wavelength of the predetermined waveleng

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin, wherein a toner extract obtained by drying an extraction liquid obtained through Soxhlet extraction of the toner with tetrahydrofuran (THF) has glass transition temperature Tg in a range of from 35° C. through 55° C., and a moisture-content change rate of the toner extract before and after leaving the toner extract to stand for 3 days in an environment of 40° C. and 70% RH is 0.5% or less, and wherein a specific-surface-area change rate of the toner before and after leaving the toner to stand for 3 days in an environment of 40° C. and 70% RH is in a range of from 15% through 50%.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, wherein, when the toner particles are subjected to a measurement by differential scanning calorimetry before and after being heated at a temperature of 50° C. and a humidity of 50% RH for a week, a relationship between an endothermic amount x (J/g) derived from the crystalline resin with respect to the toner particles before being heated and an endothermic amount y (J/g) derived from the crystalline resin with respect to the toner particles after being heated satisfies Expression (1): x/y<0.3.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein when “a” is an endothermic quantity deriving from the crystalline material in a DSC of the toner and “b” is an endothermic quantity deriving from the crystalline material in a DSC of the toner that has been held for 10 hours in an environment with a temperature of 55° C. and a humidity of 8% RH, the “a” and “b” satisfy a relationship a/b?0.85; in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement of a non-melt-molded pellet of the toner, the toner has a temperature range A for which G??1×105 Pa and tan ?<1 are satisfied; and in a dynamic viscoelastic measurement of a melt-molded pellet of the toner, the toner has a temperature range B for which tan ?>1 is satisfied within the temperature range A.

Abstract: A toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a toner core and a shell layer covering a surface of the toner core. The toner core contains a crystalline polyester resin, a crosslinked non-crystalline polyester resin, and an uncrosslinked non-crystalline polyester resin. An endothermic energy amount ?HPES is at least 0.0 mJ/mg and no greater than 1.0 mJ/mg. The shell layer contains a resin that has a repeating unit including an oxazoline group. The toner has a glass transition point of at least 10° C. and no greater than 40° C. Loss tangents tan ?60 and tan ?100 of the toner are each at least 1.00 and no greater than 4.00. Loss tangents tan ?160 and tan ?200 of the toner are each at least 0.01 and no greater than 0.50.

Abstract: A carrier includes a core and a covering layer covering the core and including at least carbon black and a filler. The maximum height Ry of the surface of the carrier is from 4.0 ?m to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: In order to achieve at least one of the above-described objects, an image forming apparatus reflecting an aspect of the present invention includes: an image carrier configured to carry and transport a latent image; a charging member configured to be rotatable and disposed in contact with a surface of the image carrier; an acquisition device configured to acquire an electrical characteristic of the charging member; and a processor configured to calculate a range of fluctuation of the electrical characteristic associated with rotation of the charging member.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser includes an active layer on which a spacer layer is disposed, and a reflection mirror disposed on the spacer layer, including a current constriction layer that is a selectively-oxidized layer having been selectively oxidized. The current constriction layer is disposed at a position of a node of a standing-wave of an electric field of light oscillated at the active layer and is disposed away from an interface between the spacer layer and the reflection mirror by an optical distance of one-fourth of an oscillation wavelength at the active layer. The selectively-oxidized layer is made of AlGaAs. The reflection mirror includes at least one AlGaInP layer contacting the selectively-oxidized layer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a housing, a developing roller, and a photosensitive drum. The developing roller includes an image area and a pair of non-image areas. The image area extends along an axial direction the developing roller. The non-image areas are provided on both sides in the axial direction with respect to the image area. The image forming apparatus further includes a regulating member. The regulating member covers a gap in positions which are aligned over the non-image area. The regulating member regulates air flow toward sides of the image area in the axial direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes first and second image forming portions. A first conveying pipe conveys a first developer discharged from a first developing unit to a collection portion, and a second conveying pipe conveys a second developer discharged from a second developing unit to the collection portion. A first detection unit detects a toner content of the first developer in the first conveying pipe, and a second detection unit detects a toner content of the second developer in the second conveying pipe. The first developing unit can be removed from the image forming apparatus in a state that the first conveying pipe and the first detection unit remain in the image forming apparatus, and the second developing unit can be removed from the image forming apparatus in a state that the second conveying pipe and the second detection unit remain in the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A system with a container including a protrusion, and a receiver to receive the container. The receiver includes a slide block that is movable relative to a body of the receiver, the slide block including two surfaces, a first surface, initially contacted by the protrusion of the container during insertion of the container into the receiver, having a first slope to resist movement of the container towards the receiver, and a second surface, subsequently contacted by the protrusion of the container during the insertion of the container into the receiver, having a second slope to interact with the protrusion of the container to assist movement of the container towards the receiver. This construction provides the user with a changing insertion force to indicate proper mounting of the container.

Abstract: Provided is an elastic member which is obtained by forming a resin coating layer on at least a part of the surface of a base that is formed of an elastic material, and which is characterized in that the resin coating layer is a coating film that contains 1.5-45 parts by mass of a low-friction powder per 100 parts by mass of a base resin and has a 100% modulus of 22-30 MPa. This elastic member has a resin coating layer that has a good balance between film formability and low friction, and is suitable as a sealing member for an opening part of a toner container that is provided on a toner cartridge of a printer, a copy machine or the like.

Abstract: A developing cartridge includes a first gear, a second gear, and a protrusion. The first gear is rotatable about a first axis extending in a predetermined direction. The second gear is configured to engage with the first gear and rotatable about a second axis extending in the predetermined direction. The protrusion extends in the predetermined direction and circularly movable together with rotation of the second gear. The first gear is movable in a direction away from the second gear from a first position to engage with the second gear to a second position to disengage from the second gear.

Abstract: A developing device develops, with developer, an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrying member, and includes a developing tank, a developer carrying member, and a drive input portion. The developing tank stores the developer and has a receiving port and a discharge port through which the developer is received and discharged respectively. The developer carrying member rotates in the developing tank while carrying the developer. The drive input portion receives a rotational force from outside the developing device and transmit the rotational force to a driven rotation shaft that is a rotation shaft of the developer carrying member. The receiving port, the discharge port, and the drive input portion are provided in the developing tank to be close to an end of the developing tank in a longitudinal direction of the developing tank.

Abstract: At an end, in a longitudinal direction, of an opening in a container containing a magnetic developer, an overlap portion is provided in which a developer bearing member, a regulating member, a sealing member, and the container are arranged so as to sequentially contact one another in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis direction. A magnetic field generating member provided inside the developer bearing member has a first area where a value of a magnetic flux density is a predetermined value in the rotation axis direction and a second area including a local minimum portion in which the value is a minimum value, within a range from an end of the second area connected to the first area to an outer end of the overlap portion in the rotation axis direction.