Abstract: In order to maximize the SNR of an image in consideration of signal correction in a multi-echo sequence, flip angles of a plurality of refocus high frequency magnetic field pulses are determined in a multi-echo imaging sequence. Using an index that reflects the SNR of an image after signal correction of a plurality of acquired echo signals, a flip angle at which the SNR of the image becomes a maximum is determined by repeatedly calculating the index by changing information specifying the flip angle of each refocus RF pulse according to an optimization method set in advance.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging method includes acquisition of datasets of magnetic resonance data from an object. At least some of the datasets are undersampled in k-space. Each dataset relating to a motion state of the object. Images are reconstructed from each of the datasets by way of a compressed sensing reconstruction. Motion correction is applied to the reconstructed images relative to a selected motion state, so as to generate motion corrected images. A diagnostic image for the selected motion state is derived, e.g. by averaging from the motion corrected images.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for tracking pulse trains from one or more emitters. For a valid pulse, PRI parameters are measured. A pulse pattern count is incremented and checked to determine if a track is acquired for the emitter.

Abstract: A system comprising synchronization circuitry, a first interrogator, and a second interrogator. The first interrogator includes a transmit antenna; a first receive antenna, and circuitry configured to generate, using radio-frequency (RF) signal synthesis information received from the synchronization circuitry, a first RF signal for transmission by the transmit antenna, and generate, using the first RF signal and a second RF signal received from a target device by the first receive antenna, a first mixed RF signal indicative of a distance between the first interrogator and the target device. The second interrogator includes a second receive antenna, and circuitry configured to generate, using the RF signal synthesis information, a third RF signal; and generate, using the third RF signal and a fourth RF signal received from the target device by the second receive antenna, a second mixed RF signal indicative of a distance between the second interrogator and the target device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device which has a housing with a housing base and a housing cover In the housing, a circuit board with electronic components has been arranged in the housing, which, furthermore, has a plug connection element with a connector housing. The connector housing has been arranged on the housing base, and in the housing base an opening has been arranged, which is covered by the connector housing and penetrated by connection elements of the plug connection element. A pressure compensation element has been arranged in the connector housing.

Abstract: A distance-measuring/imaging apparatus having a high S/N and a high distance measurement accuracy is provided. The distance-measuring/imaging apparatus includes: a signal generation unit for generating an emission signal and exposure signal; a light source unit for performing light irradiation by receiving the emission signal; an imaging unit for performing exposure by receiving the exposure signal and for acquiring the exposure amount of the reflected light; and a calculation unit for calculating and outputting the distance information on the basis of the exposure amount. The imaging unit acquires a first exposure amount corresponding to the exposure in a first emission/exposure period, in which the exposure is performed by receiving the exposure signal simultaneously with a receiving timing of the emission signal.

Abstract: A measurement instrument is disclosed. The measurement instrument comprises a distance measurement module, a splitter and a deflection module. The distance measurement module is configured to transmit optical radiation along a transmit path and receive optical radiation along a receive path. The transmit path and the receive path are merged in a measurement beam at the splitter. The deflection module is located optically between the distance measurement module and the splitter. The deflection module is configured to aim the transmit path and the receive path at the splitter and to deflect at least one of the transmit path and the receive path across an instrument optical axis.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed for improved scanning ladar transmission, including but not limited to an example embodiment where the scanning ladar transmission system includes a spinning polygon mirror for targeting range points according to a dynamic scan pattern.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a circuit. The circuit includes an amplifier and a digital to analog converter (DAC). The amplifier receives a reference voltage at an input node of the amplifier. The DAC is coupled to the amplifier through a refresh switch. The DAC includes one or more current elements. Each current element of the one or more current elements receives a clock. The DAC includes one or more switches corresponding to the one or more current elements. A feedback switch is coupled between the one or more switches and a feedback node of the amplifier. The DAC provides a feedback voltage at the feedback node of the amplifier.

Abstract: The invention measures the frequency of a heterodyne laser radar (LADAR) system signal in the input cell of a focal plane array (FPA). Embodiments amplify the return signal, and drive it into a counter for a fixed period of time. The frequency is the number of counts divided by the count time. An example design amplifier amplifies the return of a single photon response of an avalanche photodiode with a gain of 100 into a digital signal level at a 200 MHz rate with only 84 ?W, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach.

Abstract: A first communication device generates a plurality of samples from a sampled signal. The sampled signal corresponds to a first sampling frequency, and the plurality of samples correspond to a second sampling frequency that is greater than the first sampling frequency. Additionally, the sampled signal corresponds to a transmission signal transmitted from a second communication device to the first communication device. The first communication device generates a correlation signal using the plurality of samples, and uses the correlation signal to generate an estimate of a time at which the transmission signal was received at the first communication device.

Abstract: A radar apparatus includes: a transmitter which, in operation, transmits, as radar transmission signals, code sequences including a plurality of complementary codes having a code length L in each transmission period; a receiver which, in operation, receives one or more reflected waves including the radar transmission signals reflected by an object and are analog signals; an A/D converter which, in operation, converts the one or more reflected signals into digital signals, which are discrete samples; and a calculator which, in operation, performs a first calculation of correlation between the discrete samples and the code sequence transmitted by the transmitter and a second calculation of correlation between the discrete samples and a partial code sequence obtained by extracting a code length L?Q (L>Q?2) from a tail end of the code sequence transmitted by the transmitter, and that outputs one of a result of the first correlation calculation and a result of the second correlation calculation.

Abstract: A radar sensing system for a vehicle includes a transmitter, a receiver, a memory, and a processor. The transmitter transmits a radio signal and the receiver receives a reflected radio signal. The processor samples reflected radio signals during a plurality of time slices. The processor produces samples by correlating reflected radio signals to time-delayed replicas of transmitted radio signals. The processor accumulates the time slices into a first radar data cube (RDC) and selectively processes a portion of the first RDC to produce a first partial Doppler output. The processor produces samples during a second scan and accumulates time slices into a second RDC, and then selectively processes a portion of the second RDC to produce a second partial Doppler output. The processor numerically accumulates the first and second partial Doppler outputs to create a full Doppler output and stores the full Doppler output in memory.

Abstract: An apparatus, a vehicle, a method, a computer program and a radio system for radio coverage in a predefined space. The method includes operating at least one transmission and/or reception antenna in the predefined space to cover at least one subregion of the predefined space using at least one element having an active area in the predefined space taking into consideration the subregion to be covered, wherein the active area of the element influences the propagation conditions of signals of the radio system.

Abstract: There are provided: a high-accuracy factor calculator for calculating, by a high-accuracy computation method, a distance R from a moving platform to a pixel position (a, b) within an observation target corresponding to an predicted position (xt, yt) and a phase factor A when a determination processor determines that an error is out of an allowable range; and a low-accuracy factor calculator for calculating, by a computation method with lower accuracy than that of the high-accuracy factor calculator (e.g., a computation method using an approximation algorithm), a distance R? from the moving platform to the pixel position (a, b) corresponding to the predicted position (xt, yt) within the observation target and a phase factor A? when the determination processor determines that the error is within the allowable range.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus comprising an ultrasound transceiver for transmitting ultrasound signals into a sample and receiving a resultant ultrasound reflection signal from the sample, a detector for processing signals received by the transceiver by comparing the received signal against a reference signal to generate a response signal, the response signal comprising values as a function of time that represent the strength of the match between the received signal and the reference signal at the respective time; and a driver capable of generating a plurality of pre-defined pulse templates.

Abstract: Sonar intended to be carried by a naval vehicle including at least one element for transmitting an acoustic signal, at least one element for receiving the acoustic signal transmitted and reflected on the sea bed and at least two phase centers (PC1, PC2) that are disposed along a first and a second axis (v1, v2), respectively, forming an interferometric antenna. The sonar includes elements for determining the speed of movement of the vehicle as a function of the computed value of the relative trim angle (?) formed between a straight line (d1) that is perpendicular to the axes (v1, v2) of the phase centers and a straight line (d2) that is perpendicular to the sea bed (F) and of the value determined for the angle of sight.

Abstract: Systems and methods of pulse-echo imaging using stabilized symmetric pulses are described. The systems and methods are based on the development of a class of symmetric, i.e., two sided, functions that can be designed and utilized as stabilized pulses. Stabilized pulses are pulses having stable inverse filters, and have previously only been established for asymmetric functions. The systems and methods described herein can be used for super-resolution pulse-echo imaging, for example super-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Abstract: A method of imaging a scene includes generating a temporally varying optical intensity pattern from at least one continuous wave (CW) light beam. The method also includes illuminating at least one portion of the scene with the temporally varying optical intensity pattern so as to cause a photon to scatter or reflect off the at least one portion of the scene. The photon reflected or scatted from the at least one portion of the scene is detected using a single-photon detector. Based on the temporally varying optical intensity pattern and a time of flight of the photon detected, a distance between the single-photon detector and the at least one portion of the scene is estimated.

Abstract: A sensor placement structure has: a vehicle skeleton member of a vehicle, the vehicle skeleton member having a hollow cross-section; a peripheral information detecting sensor that is mounted to a vehicle outer side of the vehicle skeleton member, the peripheral information detecting sensor having a detecting section that detects information about a periphery of the vehicle; and a cover that covers the peripheral information detecting sensor from a vehicle outer side of the peripheral information detecting sensor, the cover being composed of a material that is transmissive of a detection medium that is detected by the detecting section.

Abstract: A three-dimensional map of an environment with buildings is used to computationally predict locations and times of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmission quality. A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver can reconcile received satellite transmissions with these predicted satellite transmissions. By comparing actual transmission quality with predicted transmission quality, a system can determine unmodeled obstructions, temporary obstructions, jamming, spoofing or other origins of interference with predicted transmission quality of a satellite in a GNSS.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a housing having a first plate portion and a second plate portion which oppose each other, a sensor panel arranged between the first plate portion and the second plate portion, and having a sensor array in which a plurality of sensors are arrayed, a scintillator arranged between the sensor panel and the second plate portion, a supporting portion arranged between the scintillator and the second plate portion, and configured to support the scintillator, and a buffer portion arranged between the sensor panel and the first plate portion. In orthographic projection to the first plate portion, an inner edge of the buffer portion is fitted between an outer edge of an imaging area of the sensor array and an outer edge of the scintillator.

Abstract: A technique facilitates enhanced microseismic monitoring. The technique may be applied to source mechanism identification under, for example, ill-conditioned receiver coverage to enhance the resolvability for microseismic monitoring. The microseismic monitoring may be used in hydraulic fracturing monitoring, induced seismicity monitoring, CO2 injection monitoring, other injection monitoring, mining, and/or other techniques which cause microseismic events.

Abstract: A combination model combining a velocity regression method (V-reg) with the modified ANNIE model may be used to predict the stiffness coefficients, Cij, in a transversely isotropic medium without using the Stoneley wave velocity. The stiffness coefficients may be used to characterize the surrounding formation, which may be used in hydraulic fracture modeling, stage/perforation design, and well completion operations (e.g., perforating and fracturing operations).

Abstract: Methods and systems that attenuate noise in seismic data. In one aspect, noise attenuation methods iteratively generate a low-speed noise model of low-speed noise recorded in the seismic data. The seismic data is arranged into a sparse seismic-data matrix. Low-speed noise refers to noise that propagates at speeds less the speed of sound in water. The low-speed noise model includes the low-speed noise and includes interpolated low-speed noise that approximates portions of the low-speed noise typically affected by spatial aliasing and streamer surface irregularities. The low-speed noise model may be subtracted from the sparse seismic-data matrix to obtain a noise-attenuated sparse seismic-data matrix.

Abstract: Microseismic mapping using buried arrays with the integration of passive and active seismic surveys provides enhanced microseismic mapping results. The system is initially set up by recording seismic data with the buried array installation while shooting a significant portion of the 3D surface seismic survey. The 3D surface seismic survey provides the following data: shallow 3D VSP data from the buried arrays; P-wave and converted wave data for the area covered by the buried array that benefits from the planned data integration processing effort; and microseismic data and associated analysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods and apparatuses for acoustic velocity well logging. The method may include estimating a magnitude of a principal horizontal stress in a borehole in a formation. The method may include obtaining a far field stress orientation and making a measurement of near borehole stress orientation. The present disclosure also includes an apparatus configured to be conveyed into a borehole and perform the method. Formation stresses and directions may be estimated.

Abstract: Utility locating systems using keyed magnetic field signaling are disclosed. the systems include a utility locating transmitter for generating and outputting one or more different keyed current output signals, where the keyed signals include data defining a utility type or designator a locator sub-system, and corresponding utility locators for receiving keyed magnetic field signals resulting from flow of the keyed output current signals in the utilities and determining locate information and utility type information from the received magnetic field signals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for evaluating an earth formation. Methods may include conveying the carrier into a formation borehole; and using measure electrodes, in one mode of measurement, to make current measurements by applying a voltage to each measure electrode in a first set of sensor arrays while making first current measurements; and applying another high frequency voltage to each measure electrode in a second set of sensor arrays while making second current measurements. Optionally, methods include using the measure electrodes, in another mode of measurement, to make further resistivity measurements by applying a voltage to each measure electrode in both sets of sensor arrays while making third current measurements. Methods include combining first current measurements, second current measurements, and third current measurements to simulate a virtual impedance for each measure electrode. Optionally, any two consecutive sensor arrays around the circumference of the tool body are in different sets.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring a characteristic of a fluid are provided. The system includes a plurality of waveguides embedded in a substrate, and an exposed surface of the substrate comprising a portion of a side surface of at least one of the plurality of waveguides. The system also includes a sensitized coating in the at least one of the plurality of waveguides. The exposed surface is curved in a direction perpendicular to a light propagation in the waveguide. A method of fabricating a system as above is also provided.

Abstract: An inversion based calibration method for downhole electromagnetic tools includes processing an inversion of a formation model using acquired electromagnetic measurement data to obtain formation parameters and calibration parameters for at least one measurement array.

Abstract: Method and system are described for modeling one or more geophysical properties of a subsurface volume. The method includes computing vector volumes to enhance subsurface modeling and update these vector volumes. The vectors are estimated (106) from the data, for example dip or azimuth, and then the vector volume may be updated by an optimization process (808). Flattening the original data (802) may assist the vector estimation, and associating data traces and samples of traces with labels (108) may assist the flattening. The vector volume may then be used to extract horizons (110) and generate a stratigraphic model (112) to enhance the process of producing hydrocarbons (114).

Abstract: A filter to transmit incident radiation at a predetermined incidence angle includes a plurality of photonic crystal structures disposed substantially along a surface normal direction of the filter. The photonic crystal structure includes a multilayer cell that comprises a first layer having a first dielectric permittivity, and a second layer having a second dielectric permittivity different from the first dielectric permittivity. The first layer and the second layer define a Brewster angle substantially equal to the predetermined incidence angle based on the first dielectric permittivity and the second permittivity. Each photonic crystal structure in the plurality of photonic crystal structures defines a respective bandgap, and the respective bandgaps of the plurality of photonic crystal structures, taken together, cover a continuous spectral region of about 50 nm to about 100 mm.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising a block copolymer of the following formula: [A]-B-[Q], wherein [A] is a polymer that has an affinity for a substrate; B is a linking group comprising an optionally-substituted, polyvalent linking group having a molecular weight of no more than 1000 g/mole; and [Q] comprises a semi-crosslinked, ungelled polymer derived from copolymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer with a poly-functional ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Such block copolymers are cross-linked via the [Q] segment, but not macroscopically gelled. The [Q] segment is hydrophilic and has a degree of polymerization in the range of about 10 to about 10,000. The [A] segment is located on at least one terminal end of said block copolymer, comprises between about 1 and about 200 repeating units. The block copolymer is associated, via the linear substrate associative segment with a surface comprising at least one hydrophobic site, such as a silicone hydrogel.

Abstract: An optical element including, on a substrate, an anti-reflection layer on multiple small concave protrusions, which have a modal pitch less than or equal to a wavelength of light in an environment where the optical element is to be used, are formed; in which 80% or more of the concave protrusions include one or more steps, and satisfy the following conditions: 0.12d?ws?0.17d and 0.42h?zs?0.52h, in which d is a diameter of the concave protrusions, h is a depth of the concave protrusions, ws is a total width of the steps in any cut surface; and zs is an average depth of the steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of applying an anti-reflective coating to an optical surface of a mold, including providing a lens mold having an optical surface, forming a deposition layer of a fluoride or oxide material to the optical surface of the lens mold, forming a layer of a hydrophobic material over the deposition layer, wherein the hydrophobic material contains an amount of dipodal silane that is a relative percentage of the hydrophobic material, forming a first layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 5-40 nm over the layer of the hydrophobic material, forming an anti-reflective coating layered structure over the first layer of SiO2, and forming a layer of a silane coupling agent that is deposited with a monolayer thickness to the anti-reflective coating layered structure using vapor deposition under aprotic conditions or by dip coating using a solution of silane coupling agent in an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: An optical layered body has a light-transmitting substrate and a hard coat layer formed on the light-transmitting substrate. The hard coat layer contains reactive irregularly shaped silica fine particles and a binder resin. The reactive irregularly shaped silica fine particles are unevenly distributed at the side of the light-transmitting substrate in the hard coat layer. The hard coat layer can be divided in its thickness direction into three equal regions (1)-(3), in an order from the interface on the side of the light-transmitting substrate. Ratios of reactive irregularly shaped silica fine particles in the regions (1)-(3) are 30 to 90% in area, 25 to 80% in area, and 10 to 35% in area, respectively. The ratios satisfy the following relationship: the ratio of the region (1)>the ratio of the region (2)>the ratio of the region (3).

Abstract: An autofocus lens system includes no conventional moving parts and has excellent speed and low power consumption. The system includes a small electronically-controlled focusing-module lens. The focusing-module lens includes two adjustable polymeric surfaces (e.g., two adjustable-surface lenses in a back-to-back configuration). The curvature of the surfaces can be adjusted to change focus. The performance of the autofocus lens system is extended by adding a conventional first and second lens, or lens group, on either side of the focusing-module lens. What results is an autofocus lens system with excellent near field and far field performance.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a display module and a cover lens. The display module has a display area and a non-display area aside the display area. The cover lens which is disposed on the display module and covers the same includes a convex lens portion and a cover portion, wherein the convex lens portion has a convex cover surface facing the display area, the cover portion is connected to a side of the convex lens portion opposite to convex cover surface; the cover portion also has a fringe extending outsides the convex lens portion. The cover portion has an outer surface which includes a central area and a cambered surface connected to the central area and corresponding to the fringe.

Abstract: A fluidic lens may have a reservoir at least partially bounded by a first optical surface and a second optical surface. A fluid fills a volume of the reservoir. A piston is configured to contact a portion of the first or second optical surface from outside the reservoir. One or more of the first optical surface or second optical surface is configured to deform as a result of a change in a pressure applied to the fluid or a change in contact between the piston and the first or second optical surface. A rim is configured to contact a portion of the first or second optical surface from outside the reservoir. One or more of the first optical surface or second optical surface is configured to deform as a result of a change in a pressure applied to the fluid or a change in contact between the rim and the first or second optical surface.

Abstract: A method of producing a grating structure comprises the steps of forming a stamp from flexible plastic material, the stamp including a negative of a periodic grating pattern on a first surface; forming an ink by applying a polymer film to the stamp, the ink including a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the first surface of the ink contacts the first surface of the stamp such that the ink retains a positive of the periodic grating pattern; placing the ink and the stamp on a substrate such that the second surface of the ink contacts an upper surface of the substrate; and removing the stamp from the ink by applying a tensional force to one edge of the stamp.

Abstract: The various embodiments include a near-eye display having a transmissive display and a diffractive micro-lens array. The transmissive display may be positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that the distance between the transmissive display and the diffractive micro-lens array is be approximately equal to focal length of the diffractive micro-lens array. The transmissive display may also be positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that a percentage of light emitted from the transmissive display is diffracted by the micro-lens array and collimated into focus on a retina of a human eye. The transmissive display may be further positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that light from a real world scene passes through transparent portions of the transmissive display and is diffracted by the micro-lens array out of focus of the human eye.

Abstract: A near-infrared cut filter has an optical multilayer provided on at least one main surface of a transparent substrate, in which the optical multilayer is formed of a high-refractive index layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more, and a low-refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.6 or less at a wavelength of 500 nm, and the optical multilayer has a repeating structure of (anQH, bnQL, cnQH, dnQL)^n when a QWOT at the wavelength of 500 nm of the high-refractive index layer is set to QH, and a QWOT at the wavelength of 500 nm of the low-refractive index layer is set to QL, in which an average value of the an is not less than 1.5 nor more than 2.5, and a value obtained by averaging average values of the respective bn, cn, and dn is 1.0 or less.

Abstract: An illumination optical apparatus illuminates a pattern on a mask with illumination light. The illumination optical apparatus includes an optical integrator arranged in an optical path of the illumination light, and a polarization member made of optical material with optical rotatory power, which is arranged in the optical path on an incidence side of the optical integrator, and which changes a polarization state of the illumination light. The illumination light from the polarization member is irradiated onto the pattern through a pupil plane of the illumination optical apparatus.

Abstract: Optical film stacks are described. More particularly, optical film stacks including a half-wave retardation layer are described. Achromatic half-wave retardation layers, including achromatic half-wave layers formed from a quarter-wave and a three-quarters-wave retardation layer, are described. Film stacks including reflective polarizers tuned to reduce wavelength dispersion of the half-wave retardation layer are also described.

Abstract: An optical module of a vehicle light includes a light guide and a light source arranged adjacent to an end of the light guide. The light guide includes a main portion and several light reflecting structures connected to each other and arranged on the main portion in one row. Each light reflecting structure defines a datum plane arranged adjacent to the main portion, and includes a light transmitting surface, a light reflecting surface, and a connecting surface connected to the light transmitting surface and the light reflecting surface. In each light reflecting structure, an angle between the light transmitting surface and the datum plane is larger than that between the light reflecting surface and the datum plane. The thicknesses of the light reflecting structures, each is defined by a distance between the connecting surface and the datum plane, are gradually increased in a direction away from the light source.

Abstract: A system and an apparatus for connecting a fiber optic or rigid light guide to a light source are provided. The fiber optic or rigid light guide has one end connected to a ferrule with a contact surface. The system includes a connecting element connectable to the light source, into which the ferrule can be inserted. The connecting element has a number of radially movable fastening portions, wherein the fixing portions are radially biased and cooperate with the contact surface, when the ferrule is inserted into the connecting element, whereby a first retention force is applied to the contact surface, and a fixing element is positioned in such a way that it cooperates with the fastening portions so that a second retention force, which is greater than the first retention force, is applied to the contact surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a display device includes first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer, a polarizing element, a light source, and a bending member. The first substrate includes first and second surfaces and a side surface. The second substrate includes third and fourth surfaces. The polarizing element is provided on the fourth surface side of the second substrate. The light source irradiates the side surface with polarized parallel light. The bending member bends a path of the light entering the first substrate from the light source such that the light goes to the second substrate. No polarizing element is provided between the first substrate and the light source, and the bending member is provided on the second surface side of the first substrate.

Abstract: In one aspect, a light emitting device comprises a light source, a film-based lightguide with a light emitting region. The film may have a light mixing region positioned between a light input region and the light emitting region. In one aspect a ratio of a length of the light mixing region to a length of the light emitting region is greater than 0.1 in a first plane comprising the thickness direction. In one aspect the light emitting device comprises a guide element having a surface curved in a first plane positioned adjacent the inner surface of the film, wherein the film is folded along the curved surface at a first fold such that the first fold positions a portion of the light mixing region above or below the active area of the display and the light mixing region comprises the first fold.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a surface light source lighting device capable of realizing direction control and a stable operation with respect to vibration or a great temperature change, required for use in a backlight. This surface light source lighting device causes linear light incident from a light source (2a) to be incident to an edge surface (1L) of a light guide plate (1) via a light incidence portion (3a) including a light incidence lens and a louver, and can thus maintain high reliability with respect to vibration or a temperature change in a use environment. In the light guide plate (1), light reflected by a first light guide pattern (4A) provided on a rear surface thereof is reflected by a second light guide pattern (4B) provided on the same rear surface so that an emission direction is set, and thus light is emitted from a front surface of the light guide plate (1) with desired distribution characteristics.