Abstract: An optical spectrometer arrangement is provided. According to an example, the optical spectrometer arrangement includes a linear array detector for receiving light at a predefined range of wavelengths, a point detector for receiving light at a predefined wavelength that is outside said predefined range of wavelengths, and an arrangement of a collimating optical element, a diffracting optical element, and a focusing optical element that are arranged to provide at least a first optical path that guides incoming light at said predefined range of wavelengths to the linear array detector via the collimating optical element, the diffracting optical element and the focusing optical element, and a second optical path that guides incoming light at said predefined wavelength to the point detector via the collimating optical element, the diffracting optical element and one of the collimating optical element and the focusing optical element.

Abstract: A color measurement apparatus includes at least one illuminator, an imager, and circuitry. The circuitry is configured to normalize each pixel included in an imaging region of one of the spectral reflectance images of the measurement target irradiated with light at a specific illumination angle of the plurality of illumination angles, with one of the spectral reflectance images of the reference object irradiated with light at the specific illumination angle, for each of the plurality of illumination angles so as to generate normalized spectral reflectance images of the measurement target. The circuitry further calculates a numerical value of at least one color for each pixel of the normalized spectral reflectance images of the measurement target, for respective ones of the plurality of illumination angles, to measure color of the surface of the measurement target.

Abstract: The invention concerns a belt for measuring temperature of an object, the belt comprising: at least one measurement sensor, a strip having a circumference intended to surround the object, a device for clamping the strip around the object, characterized in that the temperature sensor is mounted on an individual heat-insulating support displaceable in a guiding direction toward the object between at least two heat-insulating pads which are intended to abut against the object, the pads being attached to the strip.

Abstract: A mount can include a bracket and a clip. The bracket can include a foot, a riser attached to the foot, and a connecting feature. The clip can include a connection portion for connecting the clip to the bracket, a retention portion with a curved configuration of at least half of a circle, and a tab portion that extends from the retention portion towards the connection portion.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system includes a temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing element is bondable to an exterior surface of an electronic component and configured to sense a temperature at an interior of the electronic component. The system further includes a flexible cable operatively connected to the temperature sensing element, and a signal conditioning unit operatively connected to a distal end of the flexible cable. The signal conditioning unit is mountable to a printed circuit board proximate to the electronic component. The signal conditioning unit is configured to receive a signal from the temperature sensing element, and output a signal indicative of the temperature at the interior of the electronic component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of a reference material. The temperature sensor includes a thermocouple, spring, and spring housing. The thermocouple is configured to measure the temperature of the reference material. The spring is operably coupled to the thermocouple and the spring housing is configured to accommodate the spring and thermocouple within the spring housing. Additionally, the spring housing is configured to attach to the reference material and the spring applies a force on the thermocouple in a direction towards the reference material.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for providing temperature measurements of a guided surface wave probe and/or a support structure. In one embodiment, among others, a system comprises a guided surface waveguide probe configured to launch a guided surface wave along a lossy conducting medium, where the guided surface waveguide probe generates heat while in operation. The support structure comprises non-conducting structural components that support the electrical components of the guided surface waveguide probe. The system also comprises a temperature sensor positioned on one of the non-conducting structural components.

Abstract: The invention comprises systems and methods for estimating the rate of change in temperature inside a structure. At least one thermostat located is inside the structure and is used to control an climate control system in the structure. At least one remote processor is in communication with said thermostat and at least one database stores data reported by the thermostat. At least one processor compares the outside temperature at at least one location and at least one point in time to information reported to the remote processor from the thermostat. The processor uses the relationship between the inside temperature and the outside temperature over time to derive a first estimation for the rate of change in inside temperature assuming that the operating status of the climate control system is “on”.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein include a data acquisition unit having a plurality of ports that are each configured to receive a signal from a respective temperature sensor of a device under test. Each of the temperature sensors is associated with a location with respect to the device under test. The data acquisition unit also includes a processor configured to determine a temperature corresponding to each temperature sensor, based on the signal received from the respective temperature sensor. The processor can then generate a thermal gradient for the device under test based on the temperature and the location of each of the temperature sensors. This thermal gradient can then be output for further analysis. Additional embodiments may be described and/or claimed herein.

Abstract: A method for internal calibration of a detector comprising using one or more hardware processors for the following actions. The method comprises an action of receiving a request for internal calibration of a detector comprising a switchable termination resistor (Dicke switch) and connecting electronically one or more internal calibration circuits to the termination resistor. The method comprises an action of applying two or more input voltage signals to the detector from the calibration circuit and measuring two or more output readings from the detector, each output reading corresponding to one of the input voltage signals. The method comprises an action of computing internal calibration coefficients based on the input voltage signals and the output readings. The method comprises an action of storing the internal calibration coefficients on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium connected to the hardware processor(s) for subsequent calibration of output values from the detector.

Abstract: This invention relates to thin indicating devices, such as time-temperature indicators and a method of making by applying and UV curing one or more layers of indicating composition are disclosed. For example, an indicator layer is applied on substrate and cured with UV light, immediately followed by an application of an activator layer which is cured by UV light. The device can have other layers, such as a permeable barrier between the activator and indicator layer and a top protective layers which are also UV cured. This fast curing method prevents premature reactions, e.g., diffusion of activator into indicator layer and vice versa during manufacturing.

Abstract: A force sensor of the present invention includes: a supporting body arranged on an X-Y plane; a deformation body arranged opposite to the supporting body and having a deformation part elastically deformed by an action of a force to be detected; a fixed electrode arranged on the supporting body; a displacement electrode provided to the deformation part of the deformation body in such a manner as to face the fixed electrode with which it forms a capacitive element; and a detection circuit that outputs an electrical signal representing the acting force based on a variation amount of a capacitance value of the capacitive element, wherein the capacitive element includes a first capacitive element and a second capacitive element, and the detection circuit determines whether the force sensor is normally functioning based on a first electrical signal corresponding to a capacitance value of the first capacitive element, a second electrical signal corresponding to a capacitance value of the second capacitive element, a

Abstract: The present disclosure illustrates a calibration method and circuit for a pressure sensing device. The calibration method, via at least one passive component (e.g., the default capacitor) installed in the pressure sensing device, obtains a calibration gain factor of at least one converter also installed in the pressure sensing device, and when the pressure sensing device is in a regular operating mode, the calibration gain factor can be used to calibrate the output of the converter, so that a sensing signal inputted into the pressure sensing device can be correctly converted to a relevant pressure value.

Abstract: A force dynamometer includes at least one plate, a controller with a memory and at least one force sensing resistor that senses a force exerted on the one or more plates. The controller receives a signal indicating magnitude of the force and transmits a signal to at least one color variable light emitting diode (LED) to change color of the color variable LED in response to the force sensing resistor changing magnitude of the force signal transmitted to the controller. The controller may transmit a signal to one or more piezoelectric sensors such that the controller controls intensity of vibrations and/or magnitude of frequency of the vibrations of the one or more piezoelectric sensors. A force dynamometer system includes a computing device that displays or controls speed of a variable motion speed image or object or displays or controls a direction controllable image or object via the force dynamometer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to testing and evaluation of motorised wheeled vehicles and the evaluation of drivers of motorised wheeled vehicles including a system for evaluation of driver braking performance. The system may include a driver measuring unit including a force measuring means being operative to generate force measurement data representative of force applied by the driver to the brake applicator and a communication means, a vehicle measuring unit having a motion measuring means adapted to determine vehicle measurements and a communication means, and a processor unit having a display screen, and communications means, wherein the processor unit is operative to receive via the communications means the force measurement data generated by the driver measuring unit and the vehicle measurement data generated by the vehicle measuring unit, and generate brake test result metrics therefrom for display on the display screen.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a metal elastic element which is suitable for sensing or the like of a fluid pressure change and exhibits favorable resilience even in the case of receiving a sudden pressure change, and also provide a diaphragm using the same. A metal elastic element of the present invention is composed of a two-phase stainless steel having a ?-phase and an ?-phase, wherein the area ratio of the ?-phase is 40% or less, and the two-phase structure is a marble-like metal structure. In the invention, it is preferred that the element has a fiber texture in which <111>? and <110>? are preferentially oriented parallel to the thickness direction.

Abstract: A temperature difference calculation unit determines a temperature difference between a temperature measured by a first temperature measurement mechanism and a temperature measured by a second temperature measurement mechanism. The first temperature measurement mechanism is disposed on an outer wall surface of an inner container at a position corresponding to an element-arrangement-side space in the inner container. The second temperature measurement mechanism is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of a heater. The heater is disposed outside an outer container that accommodates the inner container and positioned on a wall surface of the outer container.

Abstract: There is provided a fiber-optic pressure sensor (110), which includes a waveguide (112) having an end, an optical deflection unit (301) connected to the end of the waveguide (112), and a sensor body (300) at which an optical resonator (302) is formed by way of a diaphragm (303). The waveguide (112) and/or the deflection unit (301) is/are attached to the sensor body (300) by way of a curable adhesive or a solder connection.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure sensor (10) that can be produced at low cost, operates more accurately and resists to high burst pressures. The pressure sensor (10) comprises at least one membrane (12) and a magneto-elastic detection device (14) for magneto-elastically detecting mechanical stress caused by pressurization.

Abstract: A pencil tire gauge with a tubular pencil gauge housing and having a first end and an opposite second end with a linear longitudinal centerline axis through a center of the first end and second end. The first end has a nozzle inlet on the longitudinal centerline and adapted to receive a tire valve stem. The first end and nozzle inlet are on and tilted offset with respect to the longitudinal centerline, and the nozzle inlet is offset at an angle of less than about 10°.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensor body and a sensor configured to measure differential pressure. The apparatus also includes first and second coplanar pressure inputs in or on the sensor body, where the pressure inputs are configured to provide multiple input pressures to the sensor. Each pressure input includes a barrier diaphragm configured to move in response to pressure and an overload diaphragm configured to limit movement of the barrier diaphragm. First and second fill fluid may be configured to convey the pressures from the barrier diaphragms of the pressure inputs to the sensor as first and second input pressures. Passages may be configured to transport the fill fluid between (i) gaps between the barrier diaphragms and the overload diaphragms of the pressure inputs and (ii) the sensor and gaps between the overload diaphragms and the sensor body.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensor body, a sensor configured to measure differential pressure, and first and second pressure inputs in or on the sensor body. The pressure inputs are configured to provide multiple input pressures to the sensor. Each pressure input includes a barrier diaphragm configured to move in response to pressure and an overload diaphragm configured to limit movement of the barrier diaphragm. The overload diaphragm is also configured to exert a preload force against the sensor body. The overload diaphragm of each pressure input may include multiple convolutions. Bases of the convolutions may be configured to provide the preload force, and tops of the convolutions may be separated from the sensor body by gaps. Tops of the convolutions that are non-adjacent may be configured to provide the preload force, and tops of the convolutions between the non-adjacent convolutions may be separated from the sensor body by gaps.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a header containing a sensor configured to measure pressure and a sensor body connected to the header, where the sensor body and the header form a pressure vessel configured to receive an input pressure. The header is connected to the sensor body such that the input pressure received on an inner surface of the header is substantially equal to the input pressure received on an outer surface of the header. A lowest connection point of the header to the sensor body may be located at or above a highest point at which the input pressure extends into the header. A lower portion of the header may be unconnected to the sensor body and extend into an interior volume of the sensor body. The header may include a vent configured to expose the sensor to atmospheric pressure or a lower-pressure input pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensor body and a sensor configured to measure pressure. The apparatus also includes at least one pressure input in or on the sensor body, where the at least one pressure input is configured to provide at least one input pressure to the sensor. The apparatus further includes multiple fluid passages configured to convey the at least one input pressure from the at least one pressure input to the sensor using a fill fluid. The multiple fluid passages are configured to both (i) transport the fill fluid and (ii) absorb thermal energy in a flame created by the sensor before the flame exits the sensor body. The fluid passages can include long and narrow straight passages, long and narrow curved or helical passages, and turns or bends. The fluid passages can have small cross-sections relative to their lengths.

Abstract: Provided are an excellent cold cathode ionization gauge and an excellent cold cathode ionization gauge cartridge. The cold cathode ionization gauge includes: an anode; a cathode, which has a tubular shape, and is arranged to surround the anode; a seal for sealing one opening of the cathode; a first member, which faces the seal inside the cathode, and has a through hole formed therein; a partition for partitioning a space surrounded by the cathode, the seal, and the first member into a first space that the first member faces and a second space that the seal faces; and a light source, which is arranged in the partition or the second space, and is configured to emit an electromagnetic wave, in which a gap is formed between at least part of an outer peripheral portion of the partition and the cathode.

Abstract: Implementations are directed to detecting a fluid leak by performing operations including: capturing, by one or more digital cameras, at least one image, the one or more digital cameras being included in an imaging system attached to a vehicle moving between geographical locations, and the at least one image corresponding to a geographical location, generating, by one or more fluid detectors, spectral data indicative of at least one fluid at the geographical location, receiving from the one or more digital cameras the at least one image, and from the one or more fluid detectors, the spectral data of the fluid at the geographical location, and providing an output signal based on the at least one image and the spectral data, the output signal indicating a fluid leak.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system for detecting leaks comprising an accumulator, a flow controller in communication with the accumulator, and a flow meter/sensor in communication with the accumulator, the flow controller and a UUT. The flow meter is structured to supply gas from the accumulator to the UUT and measure a flow rate of the supplied gas, the flow meter providing feedback to the flow controller representing the flow rate, and the flow controller responding to the feedback by supplying flow compensation gas to the accumulator to maintain a desired pressure in the accumulator. Methods for detecting small leaks, especially with large units under test (“UUTs”), are also disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to detecting leaks in a patient monitoring system. The system can include a fluid handling network configured to receive a fluid sample drawn from a patient and to deliver at least a portion of the fluid sample to an analyte measurement system. The system can isolate at least a portion of the fluid handling network, can apply pressure to the at least a portion of the fluid handling network, can measure the pressure in the at least a portion of the fluid handling network, and can determine whether a leak is present in the at least a portion of the fluid handling network based at least in part on the measured pressure.

Abstract: A method for testing a container (11) having an interior volume (12) for tightness, comprising the following steps: providing the container (11) in a pressure chamber (10) and reducing pressure within the pressure chamber (10) or increasing pressure within the container (11) as far as a predefined test pressure, ascertaining a pressure profile (100) within the pressure chamber (10) over time, comparing the pressure profile (100) to a reference profile (200) in order to determine whether a leak is present within the container (11), wherein ambient conditions of the container (11) and/or the pressure chamber (10) are monitored and the reference profile (200) is adapted to changing ambient conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of fiber optic communication, and more specifically, to optical time domain reflectometer apparatuses used for testing the integrity of a communication channel. Due to its high bandwidth, low dispersion, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic interference among other advantages single-mode and multimode optical fibers are the standard transmission media used for intermediate and long reach high-speed communication applications in data centers, enterprise networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and long haul systems. Optical channels often contain other passive elements such as optical connectors, adapters, patch cords, splitters, combiners, and filters.

Abstract: An injector testing device includes a fluid pump, which is configured to convey a test oil; a motor, which is connected mechanically to the fluid pump and is configured to drive the fluid pump; at least one injector holding device for mounting at least one injector to be tested; and a rail, which is configured to receive the test oil conveyed by the fluid pump and to fluidly connect to at least one injector to be tested. In this context, the rail is mounted in the injector testing device in such a manner, that it may be swiveled with respect to the at least one injector holding device, in order to align it with the injector to be tested.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wheel mount for a vehicle test bench for motor vehicles having steerable wheels, wherein the wheel mount comprises a floating plate as well as at least one roller supported on the floating plate and movable with the floating plate in a horizontal plane. According to the present invention, the wheel mount has a first working state, in which the part of the floating plate, on which the at least one roller is supported, is rotatably supported around a vertical axis, which is located ahead of the at least one wheel contact point on the at least one roller with respect to the driving direction of a vehicle located in the roller dynamometer. In addition, the wheel mount has a second working state, in which the part of the floating plate, on which the at least one roller is supported, is rotatably supported around a vertical axis, which is located behind the at least one wheel contact point with respect to the driving direction of a vehicle located in the roller dynamometer.

Abstract: An articulating dummy positioning system for a crash test dummy includes a test fixture configured to support a crash test dummy therein, at least one articulating arm assembly coupled to the test fixture, and at least one of at least one dummy positioning camera, computer monitor, and computer operatively coupled to the at least one articulating arm assembly to allow the at least one of at least one dummy positioning camera, computer monitor, and computer to move in and out of the test fixture relative to the crash test dummy to allow a crash test and analysis to be performed on the crash test dummy.

Abstract: Sales gas output from a glycol dehydration unit in a gas plant is flown into a sales gas pipeline. One or more operational parameters of the glycol dehydration unit are received. One or both of an amount of glycol carryover and an amount of water carryover in sales gas output from the glycol dehydration unit in the gas plant are determined based on the one or more operational parameters of the glycol dehydration unit. An amount of glycol and water co-condensation in the sales gas pipeline is determined based on one or more operational parameters of the sales gas pipeline and the one or both of the amount of glycol carryover and the amount of water carryover. An amount of black powder formation of the sales gas is determined based on the amount of glycol and water co-condensation.

Abstract: Provided is a sampling vessel which can prevent the operator from being exposed to powder. A metal sampling vessel (1) for sampling powder comprises a cylindrical body (2) having a closed first end (2a), an opposite second end (2b) including an opening and a cavity (3), and a connector (6a, 6b) for connecting the cylindrical body (2) to a hanging line. The cylindrical body (2) satisfies a relationship M1>M2, wherein M1 represents a mass between the first end (2a) and a bottom (3c) of the cavity and M2 represents a mass between the opening (5) at the second end and the bottom (3c) of the cavity.

Abstract: A test probe for filter leakage detection. The test probe (1) has an elongated housing (5) with a longitudinal inlet portion for admitting gas into a first chamber of the housing through an inlet of the inlet portion, and an outlet portion for letting gas out of a second chamber of the housing through an outlet of the outlet portion. Further, the test probe has an intermediate element comprising a throttling portion. The intermediate element is arranged between the inlet portion and the outlet portion, wherein the first and second chambers are fluidly interconnected via the throttling portion, wherein the throttling portion is elongated and extends longitudinally of the housing, wherein the throttling portion is arranged to cause a smaller vacuum upstream of the throttling portion than downstream of the throttling portion when gas is sucked through the test probe.

Abstract: An atmosphere sampling system includes: an unmanned rotary-wing aircraft platform including: an airframe capable of lifting a selected payload mass; at least one motorized rotor; and, a flight control system including an on-board controller; an atmosphere sampling unit having a total mass no greater than the selected payload mass, and including: a blower preferably having backward-facing blades, an inlet structure to draw in air to be sampled, and an outlet to discharge air after sampling; a plurality of sample containers; and, an indexing mechanism to move selected sample containers, one at a time, into contact with the inlet structure so that samples may be collected; and, a power supply with sufficient capacity to operate the motorized rotor(s), the onboard portion of the flight controller, the blower, and the indexing system.

Abstract: One or more homogenizing elements are employed in a flow through, multi-detector optical measurement system. The homogenizing elements correct for problems common to multi-detector flow-through systems such as peak tailing and non-uniform sample profile within the measurement cell. The homogenizing elements include coiled inlet tubing, a flow distributor near the inlet of the cell, and a flow distributor at the outlet of the cell. This homogenization of the sample mimics plug flow within the measurement cell and enables each detector to view the same sample composition in each individual corresponding viewed sample volume. This system is particularly beneficial when performing multiangle light scattering (MALS) measurements of narrow chromatographic peaks such as those produced by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC).

Abstract: Test fixture grips for testing quasibrittle materials, such as fiber-polymer composites are provided having increased mass and stiffness relative to standard test grips to provide for obtaining postpeak measurements. The design is based on static analysis (using the second law of thermodynamics), confirmed by dynamic analysis of the test setup as an open system. Dynamic analysis of the test setup as a closed system with PID controlled input further indicates that the controllability of postpeak softening under CMOD control is improved not only by increasing the grip stiffness but also by increasing the grip mass.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system for pretreatment of sample and a method for controlling the same. The system for pretreatment of sample, including: a holder storage unit having a module holder on which a sample pretreatment module is seated; a cartridge accommodating portion for loading a cartridge therein, wherein the sample accommodated in a chamber of the sample pretreatment module is discharged and loaded into the cartridge; a magnetic force generating unit for generating a magnetic force to rotate the permanent magnet provided in the sample pretreatment module; and a penetration and discharge unit for penetrating the penetration membrane in the sample pretreatment module and discharging the sample by pressing the moving unit of the cap.

Abstract: A target analyte is extracted out of a sample fluid in a sample fluid passage by diffusing the target analyte through a supported liquid membrane to a product fluid passage. Extraction of the target analyte is accelerated by applying an electric field across and perpendicular to the supported liquid membrane with electrodes. Passage of selected ions across an exchange membrane extending between one of the electrodes and the supported liquid membrane is inhibited.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a medical-sample filtration device includes: a container including at least one wall forming an internal surface, a first aperture adjacent to a first end of the wall, and a second aperture adjacent to a second end of the wall; a movable insert positioned within the container and including an external surface of a size and shape to reversibly mate with the internal surface of the container; a positioning unit affixed to the internal surface close to the second aperture; a filter unit affixed to the second aperture; a sample conduit affixed to the filter unit; a valve unit attached to the sample conduit; and a connector operable to close the valve when the movable insert is in a predefined position relative to the container.

Abstract: A system for performing a standard penetration test, including a hammer assembly with a hammer and a hammer lifting device, an elevator assembly for raising and lowering the hammer assembly, a hammer sensor for sensing a position of the hammer within the hammer assembly, and an elevator sensor for sensing a position of the hammer assembly relative to the elevator assembly. A method for performing a standard penetration test, including positioning a hammer assembly at a hammer assembly ready position, sensing with an elevator sensor a reference position of a hammer assembly relative to the elevator assembly, sensing with a hammer sensor a zero position of a hammer, lifting the hammer with a hammer lifting device from the zero position to a drop position of the hammer, sensing with the hammer sensor the drop position, and dropping the hammer onto an anvil.

Abstract: An indentation tester and indentation method for testing a sample heated at a temperature range from above 800° C. to 1200° C., and above, is disclosed. The indentation tester includes a stage having a metallic cylindrical base that houses an inner cylindrical base made of a temperature resistant material sufficient to maintain shape over the range of the heating temperature. A removable crown fastens to the cylindrical base and includes a ring that holds an axisymmetric pipe made of a temperature resistant material sufficient to maintain shape over the range of heated temperature. A nut is turned to tighten the pipe which secures the sample and guides an indenter to penetrate the sample. The indenter includes a rod made of temperature resistant material and a indenter tip.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices for measuring, at one or more time points, one or more properties or changes in properties of a fluid sample. The devices may comprise a chamber defining an internal volume of the device suitable for receiving and retaining the fluid sample; a plurality of layers, the plurality comprising at least a first layer below the chamber, at least a second layer above the chamber, and a substrate layer between the first and second layers, wherein: the substrate layer is linked to at least one suspended element located within the chamber; the suspended element is linked to the substrate layer by at least two compliant structures located within the chamber; and the suspended element is configured to oscillate upon application of an actuating signal to at least one electrically conductive path, which runs across at least two of the compliant structures and the suspended element. Related methods and uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of performing a diffusion test includes clamping a membrane to a body such that a first surface of the membrane is in fluid communication with an interior chamber of the body and a second surface of the membrane is exposed to ambient air, flowing a substance through the ambient air such that at least a portion of the substance lands on the second surface while the membrane is vertically oriented, and determining a concentration of the substance in the interior chamber after some of the substance has diffused through the membrane.

Abstract: A PM detection system has a PM sensor, current detector, and control circuit. The circuit switches of a detection mode and a burning mode. In the detection mode, the control circuit prohibits supply of power to a heater and supplies a voltage between electrodes, and instructs the current detector to detect a current flowing between the electrodes. In the burning mode, the control circuit instructs the heater to generate heat energy to burn PM accumulated on an accumulation part. The control circuit judges PM has remained on the accumulation part when the detected current exceeds a threshold value, and performs the burning mode again. The system further has a pair of current detectors. Each current detector detects a leak current flowing from the heater to the electrodes through an insulation member when the heater generates heat energy. The circuit detects a sensor failure based on the detected leak current.

Abstract: According to some aspects, a system that includes a flow cytometer and circuitry is provided. The flow cytometer is configured to generate data indicative of a pulse waveform corresponding to a fluorescence signal of a biological sample. The circuitry is configured to determine peak position information of the pulse waveform by identifying at least one peak of the pulse waveform and determine at least one biological characteristic of the biological sample based on the peak position information.

Abstract: A fluid sample is analysed in-line by OCT techniques. The density, size, velocity and other attributes of particles present in a fluid, oil, for example, that is flowing through a conduit.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for corrosive environment monitoring that have high measurement precision and enable visual observation. The corrosive environment monitoring device includes a housing, a first thin metal film, a second thin metal film, and terminals. The housing has an opening in one side thereof. The other sides of the housing than the one side are sealed to form space inside the housing. The first thin metal film extends in a direction from the bottom of the space toward the opening. The first thin metal film is resistant to corrosion by a corrosive substance and serves as a supporting member. The second thin metal film extends in the space in a direction from the bottom of the space toward the opening and is supported by the first thin metal film. The second thin metal film is susceptible to corrosion by the corrosive substance and serves as a measuring member.