Abstract: This invention is a system for aggregating disparate remote rapid manufacturing resources for fulfillment of manufactured parts comprising: a set of user computer readable instructions executed on the user computer system for receiving a part. A server can be in communications with a manufacturing system or manufacturing machine. The server instructions can receive the part request, determine if the part request is accompanied by a digital part file, request a digital part file, receive manufacturing machine status information from a dynamic queue of available manufacturing machines, transmit manufacturing machine status information to a user, receive an order confirmation, transmit the order confirmation, receive confirmation that the part has been manufactured and ship the manufactured part to the user.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of manufacturing parts produced with a manufacturing device, based on the analysis of at least one statistical indicator representative of a characteristic dimension of the parts, according to which: a) in the course of time several samples are collected, each sample comprising several parts produced with the manufacturing device; b) the characteristic dimension of each part of the sample is measured; c) for each sample collected a mean ? and a standard deviation ? of the characteristic dimension measured are calculated, and then a value of a statistical indicator I3C defined according to formula (I) is calculated for each sample collected, where: o Ccmax is a maximum centring coefficient imposed for the manufacture of the parts; o TS is an upper tolerance of the characteristic dimension measured; o TI is a lower tolerance of the characteristic dimension measured; d) the value of the statistical indicator I3C thus calculated for the sample collected is compared with a refere

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing parts that is based on the simultaneous analysis of a plurality of different statistical indicators representative of a characteristic size of the parts, in which: an overall validation set corresponding to a set-theoretic combination of the various validation sets of each statistical indicator is defined; an overall sanction set corresponding to a set-theoretic combination of the various sanction sets of each statistical indicator is defined; and an overall control set comprising the pairs (?;?) not contained in the overall validation set and in the overall sanction set is defined; and it is determined to which overall set, from the overall validation set, the overall sanction set and the overall control set, the pair comprising the mean ?m and the standard deviation ?m of the measured characteristic size belongs, and the manufacture is controlled depending on the overall set thus determined.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of manufacturing parts produced with a manufacturing device, based on the analysis of at least one statistical indicator representative of a characteristic dimension of the parts, according to which: a) in the course of time several samples are collected, each sample comprising several parts produced with the manufacturing device; b) the characteristic dimension of each part of the sample is measured; c) for each sample collected a weighted mean and a weighted standard deviation of the characteristic dimension are calculated according to an exponential weighting on the basis of a mean and standard deviation of the characteristic dimensions measured on the parts of said sample, of weighted means and of weighted standard deviations of the characteristic dimension which are calculated for previously collected samples; d) for each sample collected a value of the statistical indicator is calculated on the basis of the weighted mean and of the weighted standard deviation thus calc

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing process analysis device (30), comprising: a computation unit (31) which computes, in a process in which a manufactured object is manufactured, invariant compliance strengths for each shift time for manufacturing condition values (360) and quality values (361) which are measured in time series; a shift time specification unit (32) which derives, as a specified shift time, a shift time for which the invariant compliance strengths satisfy a baseline; and an analysis unit (33) which analyzes the state of the manufacturing process on the basis of the quality value and the manufacturing condition value for the time which is earlier by the specified shift time than the time at which the quality value is measured.

Abstract: Predictive maintenance methods and systems, including a method of applying transfer entropy techniques to find a causal link between parameters; a method of applying quality weighting to context data based on a priori knowledge of the accuracy of the context data; a method of detecting a maintenance action from parameter data by detecting a step and a process capability improvement; a method of managing unattended alerts by considering cost/benefit of attending to one or more alerts over time and assigning alert expiry time and/or ranking the alerts accordingly; a method of displaying components of a complex system in a functional way enabling improvements in system diagnostics; a method of determining the time of an event indicator in time series parameter data; a method of classifying an event associated with a fault condition occurring within a system; and a method of determining whether an event recorded in parameter data is attributable to an external factor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air-ground heterogeneous robot system path planning method based on a neighborhood constraint. A smallest heterogeneous robot system is formed by a ground mobile robot and an air flying robot. The steps of the method include the ground mobile robot and the air flying robot start from a start point at the same time, successively access N sub-task points for executing sub-tasks and finally reach a destination together. In the present invention, it is considered that the position of each sub-task point is allowed to be effective in a certain neighborhood, and a neighborhood constraint is introduced. In addition, the maximum speed constraints are considered respectively for the air flying robot and the ground mobile robot.

Abstract: A method of controlling a flight device includes receiving, by a controller of the flight device, a control request from a target device for requesting a control of the flight device, receiving control data sent from the target device, and converting the control data into an executable instruction for controlling the flight device.

Abstract: A ride-share server communicates with both a primary-connected device and a secondary-connected device over a wide-area network. The ride-share server is programmed to receive a request from the secondary-connected device to apply a setting change to a vehicle, and responsive to verifying the secondary-connected device is authorized to command the vehicle, send a second request to the primary-connected device to direct the primary-connected device to command the vehicle to implement the setting change. A secondary-connected device is in communication with a ride-share server over a wide-area network and programmed to send a request to the ride-share server to change a vehicle setting. A primary-connected device is in communication with a computing platform via a device link interface over a local-area connection and with the ride-share server over the wide-area network, and is programmed to request the computing platform to change the setting responsive to validation from the ride-share server.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a handheld mobile device (HMD) operable to cause a subsystem of a vehicle to perform a vehicular operation associated with an existing capability of the subsystem. The HMD includes a processor, a port operable to communicatively couple the HMD to an existing on-board computer of a vehicle via an existing data link connector of the vehicle, and a wireless interface operable to communicatively couple the HMD to at least one of the vehicle or a remote service. The HMD further includes a memory storing a software application that, when executed by the processor, causes the HMD to communicate a command to the on-board computer via the data link connector to perform the vehicular operation associated with the existing capability of the subsystem.

Abstract: In a method for operating a self-traveling floor treatment apparatus, a recording device of the floor treatment apparatus records a recording of an environment of the floor treatment apparatus, which concerns a time period, and the recording is displayed for a user of the floor treatment apparatus on a screen. In order to allow correction of error conditions, the recording is stored and, in case of a defined environmental event and/or apparatus condition of the floor treatment apparatus, a time-defined partial sequence is subsequently extracted from the stored recording and displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A method for data transmission includes receiving, by a controller of a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), target data from a transmitting terminal. The transmitting terminal includes a ground control apparatus or an onboard device of the UAV. The onboard device is connected with the UAV via a universal interface of the UAV. The universal interface is configured to connect onboard devices of various types. The method further includes forwarding the target data to a receiving terminal.

Abstract: An automated driving system includes at least one electronic control unit configured to: recognize at least one obstacles around a vehicle, based on ambient surroundings of the vehicle; create a traveling plan of the vehicle, based on the ambient surroundings and a result of recognition of the at least one obstacles; control the vehicle using an actuator installed on the vehicle, based on the traveling plan; and perform, according to input from a user of the vehicle, overwriting operation to change the result of recognition of the at least one obstacles used for creation of the traveling plan.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a vehicle for maneuvering a passenger to a destination autonomously. The vehicle includes one or more computing devices and a set of user input buttons for communicating requests to stop the vehicle and to initiate a trip to the destination with the one or more computing devices. The set of user input buttons consisting essentially of a dual-purpose button and an emergency stopping button different from the dual-purpose button configured to stop the vehicle. The dual-purpose button has a first purpose for communicating a request to initiate the trip to the destination and a second purpose for communicating a request to pull the vehicle over and stop the vehicle. The vehicle has no steering wheel and no user inputs for the steering, acceleration, and deceleration of the vehicle other than the set of user input buttons.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle are provided. The method includes: detecting an abnormality occurring on the unmanned aerial vehicle in a flight process; obtaining a hover instruction in response to detecting the abnormality; and controlling, in response to the hover instruction, the unmanned aerial vehicle to hover based on the hover instruction.

Abstract: A system and method for assisted EVA self-return is provided herein. The system estimates a crewmember's navigation state relative to a fixed location, for example on an accompanying orbiting spacecraft, and computes a guidance trajectory for returning the crewmember to that fixed location. The system may account for safety and clearance requirements while computing the guidance trajectory. According to at least one embodiment, the system actuates the crewmember's safety jetpack to follow the prescribed trajectory to the fixed location.

Abstract: A system and method for assisted EVA self-return is provided herein. The system estimates a crewmember's navigation state relative to a fixed location, for example on an accompanying orbiting spacecraft, and computes a guidance trajectory for returning the crewmember to that fixed location. The system may account for safety and clearance requirements while computing the guidance trajectory. According to at least one embodiment, the system provides a directional cue (e.g., a visual, auditory, or tactile cue) to a crewmember corresponding to the prescribed trajectory back to the fixed location. The system may be activated by the crewmember or remotely by another crewmember and/or system.

Abstract: The invention concerns an architecture for a driving assistance system with conditional automation capable of controlling an automatic emergency stop of a vehicle, comprising: a set (2) of sensors of at least three different technologies for observing an area in front of a vehicle; a main computer (10) capable of receiving, via a first upstream data communication network, information from said set (2) of sensors, and of transmitting commands, via a first downstream communication network, to a first computer (3) of an engine control system, to a second computer (4) of a braking system and to a third computer (5) of a steering control system: a backup computer (11) capable of receiving, via a second upstream data communication network, information from said set of sensors in case of a failure relative to the main computer (10); a main power supply source linked to each computer; and a backup power supply source.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for directing movements of an autonomous vehicle. A vehicle operator exiting a vehicle is detected. A plurality of metadata is received wherein the plurality of metadata includes at least location data of a user and a timestamp. A pickup time and pickup location is identified based on received metadata. A route to the pickup location is generated based on at least a default location of the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle is directed to travel to the identified location such that the autonomous vehicle is arriving at the identified pickup time. Updates to the pickup location and pickup time are determined by dynamically monitoring received metadata. A modified route is generated, in response determining updates in one or more of the pickup location and pickup time and the autonomous vehicle is redirected to the updated pickup location.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle can implement a primary motion planner to continuously determine an first motion plan for the AV, and a secondary motion planner to continuously determine a backup motion plan for the AV. The secondary motion planner can comprise one or more cost metrics that act to diverge the backup motion plan from the first motion plan. A control system of the AV may then analyze a live sensor view generated by a sensor suite of the AV to operate acceleration, braking, and steering systems of the AV along sequential route trajectories selected between the first motion plan and the backup motion plan.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments for improving the performance of a set of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (“ADAS systems”) included in a vehicle design for a Highly Autonomous Vehicle (“HAV”). A method includes generating simulation data. The method includes providing the simulation data, vehicle model data and ADAS model data as inputs to a simulation application. The method includes executing the simulation application based on the inputs to provide a set of simulations which are configured to test one or more variations for the set of ADAS systems included in the vehicle design in one or more simulated driving scenarios. The method includes analyzing the operation of the different variations for the set of ADAS systems in the set of simulations to automatically generate review data that quantitatively describes one or more areas for improving the operation of the set of ADAS systems included in the vehicle design.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a network of devices a way to move or drive in an organized manner where the system is comprised of an artificial intelligence engine powered by blockchain and by at least one quantum computer such that at least one leader device node is elected that sets the main trajectory, path that are followed by the other device nodes in the network. Further to this, blockchain is used to determine a leader node among computer resources such as at least one quantum annealer, at least one quantum computer, at least one supercomputer and any of their respective platform applications and services in order to perform said computations for the network of moving or driving devices.

Abstract: A movement control system, a movement control device, and a program capable of generating a path corresponding to a more detailed surrounding environment are provided. A movement control system of an embodiment includes a first map generating unit and a second map generating unit. The first map generating unit generates first map information indicating a distribution of existence states related to a possibility of existence of a physical object on the basis of a position of the physical object measured by a measurement unit. The second map generating unit generates second map information indicating the existence state of the physical object of which a period during which the existence state is maintained up to a current time is within a predetermined period from the first map information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for directing movements of an autonomous vehicle. A vehicle operator exiting a vehicle is detected. A plurality of metadata is received wherein the plurality of metadata includes at least location data of a user and a timestamp. A pickup time and pickup location is identified based on received metadata. A route to the pickup location is generated based on at least a default location of the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle is directed to travel to the identified location such that the autonomous vehicle is arriving at the identified pickup time. Updates to the pickup location and pickup time are determined by dynamically monitoring received metadata. A modified route is generated, in response determining updates in one or more of the pickup location and pickup time and the autonomous vehicle is redirected to the updated pickup location.

Abstract: A method for displacing a mobile robot on a virtual path within a workspace, comprising the generation of a synthetic offset, indicative of a lateral displacement between the instantaneous position of the mobile robot and the virtual path. The method may also include the generation of virtual tags and may be used in the retrofit or upgrade of autonomous vehicles of the line-following type.

Abstract: A drone receives an initiation signal which indicates that flight and/or navigation components of the drone are to be activated. Once activated, the drone then determines its initial position using a position-identifying radio signal. The drone then retrieves, from storage, dimensions of a drone-relative geofence. The drone can then calculate, using a processor, the drone-relative geofence having the dimensions with at least a specified floor and a specified radius. The drone adjusts the motor controller inputs to prevent the drone from exiting the calculated drone-relative geofence.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to associating disparate tracks from multiple sensor inputs for observed objects. In one embodiment, a method includes, in response to receiving a first input from a first sensor and a second input from a second sensor, generating the disparate tracks including first sensor tracks and second sensor tracks for the observed objects that correspond to the first input and the second input. The method includes identifying correlations between the first sensor tracks and the second sensor tracks by computing association likelihoods between the first tracks and the second tracks within a permutation matrix according to an objective cost function. The method includes controlling a vehicle according to the correlations.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a mobile body position estimation system includes an energy source, a mobile body, a plurality of physical quantity, and a processor. The energy source generates energy whose physical quantity changes. The mobile body is a position estimation target. The plurality of physical quantity detectors are provided in the mobile body. The plurality of physical quantity detectors detect the physical quantity of the energy generated from the energy source. The processor estimates a position of the mobile body based on a position of the energy source, an attitude angle of the energy source, and a plurality of physical quantity values respectively detected by the plurality of physical quantity detectors.

Abstract: A navigation system includes a detector configured to detect a situation in a movable object, a determiner configured to determine a degree of activity of conversation in the movable object on the basis of a detection result by the detector, a movement plan setter configured to set a movement plan on the basis of setting information which is set by a user, and to change at least part of the set movement plan on the basis of a determination result by the determiner, and a navigator configured to navigate the movable object on the basis of the movement plan which is set or changed by the movement plan setter.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method for collaboratively determining an object. The method includes receiving sensor data indicating an object at a first vehicle of a group of vehicles communicating with each other, transmitting a first request including the sensor data and specifying a first task for determining the object from the first vehicle to a second vehicle of the group of vehicles, and transmitting a second request specifying a second task for determining the object from the first vehicle to a third vehicle of the group of vehicle. The first task is performed by the second vehicle to produce first intermediate data, and the second task is performed by the third vehicle based on the intermediate data produced by the second vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a route determination device including a recognition unit that recognizes peripheral circumstances of a host vehicle (121); and an evaluation unit (123C) that evaluates each of a plurality of routes based on a sum of costs respectively applied to a plurality of edges based on peripheral circumstances of the host vehicle recognized by the recognition unit, and selects one or more routes from the plurality of routes based on an evaluation result. Each of the plurality of routes is generated by joining at least two of a plurality of edges. Each of the plurality of edges is generated by connecting two virtual nodes among a plurality of virtual nodes. The plurality of virtual nodes is located with space in each of a forward moving direction and a road width direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a controlled object that is embedded in a changing environment, wherein the controlled object and its environment are periodically observed using sensors and in each frame at least two independent data flow paths, DFPs, are executed based on the data recorded through the observation of the controlled object and its environment, and wherein a first DFP determines from the data recorded by the observation of the controlled object and its environment via complex software a model of the controlled object and the environment of the controlled object and, on the basis of this model, carries out a trajectory planning in order to create one or more possible trajectories that, under the given environmental conditions, correspond to a specified task assignment, and wherein a second DFP determines from the data recorded by the observation of the controlled object and its environment via a, preferably diversitary, complex software program a model of the controlled object an

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a controlled object, that is embedded in a changing environment, wherein the controlled object and its environment are periodically observed using sensors, and, in each frame, at least three independent data flow paths (DFPs) are executed based on the data recorded through the observation of the controlled object and its environment.

Abstract: A system is described for presenting information relating to lifting and moving a load object with a vehicle. Upon the lifting, a dimensioner determines a size and a shape of the load object, computes a corresponding spatial representation, and generates a corresponding video signal. During the moving, an imager observes a scene in front of the vehicle, relative to its forward motion direction, and generates a video signal corresponding to the observed scene. The imager has at least one element moveable vertically, relative to the lifting. A display renders a real time visual representation of the scene observed in front of the vehicle based on the corresponding video signal and superimposes a representation of the computed spatial representation of the load object.

Abstract: A method for processing a surface of an area to be processed using an autonomous mobile robot. The method includes the steps of controlling the robot in order to process the area according to a first processing pattern, monitoring a region in the surroundings of the robot, wherein the region has a fixed position relative to the robot, and controlling the robot in order to process the area according to a second processing pattern if a reachable and unprocessed region is detected in the monitored region.

Abstract: A method for operating a system including an agricultural working vehicle on which at least one working device is arranged, which working device, when moving across a field, is operated along a current linear row. A control unit is associated with the working vehicle and the sensor unit is arranged on the working device. The sensor unit includes an acceleration sensor, a memory unit and a transmitter unit, which wirelessly communicate with one another. The at least one acceleration sensor continually sends signals to the control unit that represent vertical accelerations and which are evaluated in order to determine movement amplitudes of the working device so that, as a function of the movement amplitudes, a maximum travel speed is determined, which ensures that the at least one working device will stay on its current linear row while driving across the field.

Abstract: A system includes an inspection robot, comprising a plurality of wheels that engage an inspection surface; a plurality of sensors positioned to interrogate the inspection surface; and wherein the plurality of wheels each comprise a first magnetic hub coupled to a second magnetic hub, and wherein the plurality of wheels further define a channel between the magnetic hubs.

Abstract: An illustrative example embodiment of a detector device, which may be useful on an automated vehicle, includes an array of detectors arranged in one dimension. The array includes a plurality of first detectors and a plurality of second detectors. The first detectors respectively have one of the second detectors between the first detector and an adjacent one of the first detectors. The first detectors respectively are spaced from the one of the second detectors by a first distance. The one of the second detectors are respectively spaced from the adjacent one of the first detectors by a second distance that is larger than the first distance. The first detectors are spaced from each other by a third distance that is a sum of the first and second distance. The second detectors are also spaced from each other by the third distance.

Abstract: A system and method include scanning a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device through a range of orientations corresponding to a scanning zone while emitting light pulses from the LIDAR device. The method also includes receiving returning light pulses corresponding to the light pulses emitted from the LIDAR device and determining initial point cloud data based on time delays between emitting the light pulses and receiving the corresponding returning light pulses and the orientations of the LIDAR device. The initial point cloud data has an initial angular resolution. The method includes identifying, based on the initial point cloud data, a reflective feature in the scanning zone and determining an enhancement region and an enhanced angular resolution for a subsequent scan to provide a higher spatial resolution in at least a portion of subsequent point cloud data from the subsequent scan corresponding to the reflective feature.

Abstract: A processor is coupled to a vehicle, the processor being configured to store a lane change parameter. A feature sensor detects a feature of a passenger in the vehicle. The processor is programmed to control the vehicle to execute an assisted lane change based on the lane change parameter, the lane change parameter defining a characteristic of the assisted lane change, communicate with the feature sensor to detect the feature of the passenger during the assisted lane change, determine whether the passenger was comfortable during the assisted lane change based on the detected feature of the passenger, and modify the lane change parameter upon determining that the passenger was uncomfortable.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting and processing sensor data for facilitating and/or enabling autonomous, semi-autonomous, and remote operation of a vehicle, including: collecting surroundings at one or more sensors, and determining properties of the surroundings of the vehicle and/or the behavior of the vehicle based on the surroundings data at a computing system.

Abstract: Various applications for use of mass estimations of a vehicle, including to control operation of the vehicle, sharing the mass estimation with other vehicles and/or a Network Operations Center (NOC), organizing vehicles operating in a platoon and/or partially controlling the operation of one or more vehicles operating in a platoon based on the relative mass estimations between the platooning vehicles. When vehicles are operating in a platoon, the relative mass between a lead and a following vehicle may be used to scale torque and/or brake commands generated by the lead vehicle and sent to the following vehicle.

Abstract: A loss-of-control prevention and recovery automatic control system of an aircraft is provided having a plurality of flight control mode, including a nominal flight control mode, a loss-of-control prevention control mode, a loss-of-control arrest control mode, and a nominal flight restoration control mode, as well as a supervisory control system capable of monitoring the flight states and flight events of the aircraft and determining which flight control mode to activate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for autonomous control of unmanned aircraft. A method includes, in a memory of a flight controller associated with an unmanned aircraft, identifying a target to be captured, the identifying comprising a plurality of target variables, identifying a type of the unmanned aircraft, selecting one or more capture routines, defining desired data parameters, and storing the plurality of target variables, the one or more capture routines and the desired data parameters in the memory as a flight path.

Abstract: A method and system for automated air traffic management of unmanned vehicles that assures safety and continuous flow, even for vehicles of wide-ranging capabilities. Some embodiments include onboard equipment that distributes the burden of management across all the vehicles in a given airspace so that autonomous cooperation between vehicles creates useful group-level behavior. Vehicles carry definitions of rules of interaction on shared flyways. In conjunction with a means of exchanging location and velocity information with close neighbors, onboard algorithms calculate complementary navigation vectors that inform each vehicle's autopilot of a cooperative trajectory. The collective result of individual, autonomous decisions is cooperation at a group scale that manages traffic features such as density and spacing without the need for a ground-based communication infrastructure.

Abstract: An information collection system for a pump for removing fluid collected by a buildings drainage system from subterranean locations adjacent a building is provided. The system includes a sensor for sensing operation information regarding the operation of the pump and an information collection device operably connected to the sensor and adapted to receive the operation information. The system also includes an information storage device operably connected to the information collection device and adapted to store the operation information. The system further includes a retrieval device operably connected to the storage device and adapted to retrieve the operation information.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a controller for controlling at least one solenoid comprise a first electrical connector for electrically communicating with a vehicle communications bus; a second electrical connector for transmitting messages to a plurality of solenoids; and a processor having control logic. The control logic is capable of associating each of a plurality of solenoids with a vehicle function when the plurality of solenoids are in electrical communication with the controller; receiving a control message at the first electrical connector in a first format to enable a first vehicle function; and electrically communicating a control message in a second format at the second electrical connector in response to receiving the control message in the first format to control one of the plurality of solenoids associated with the first vehicle function.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling multiple valves as a single valve based on a coordinated control signal are disclosed. In some examples, an apparatus includes a valve controller to be operatively coupled to a first valve and a second valve. In some examples, the second valve is to be operatively positioned in series with the first valve. In some examples, the valve controller is to control a position of the first valve and a position of the second valve based on a coordinated control signal to be received by the valve controller.

Abstract: Controlling an activation status of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for an information handling system cooling system, such as the on/off status of the PID controller, can reduce power consumption and processing and memory requirements for such a system. A decrease in resource consumption can be realized by deactivating the PID controller during certain periods and activating the PID controller during others. For example, the PID controller can be deactivated when a temperature of a system component falls below a threshold temperature and activated when the temperature of the system component rises above the threshold temperature.

Abstract: An operation mode determination circuit for sensing a setting resistance between a setting node and a reference voltage or a ground to determine an operation mode, comprises: a pull-up power circuit, for generating a pull-up power onto the setting node, and a floating detection circuit. The pull-up power circuit adjusts the pull-up power at a first power level, and triggers an low power detach detection procedure after a predetermined first time period, wherein the pull-up power is adjusted at a second power level which is less than the first power level to an extent that an electrolysis effect is negligible when an electrolytic substance exists and is coupled to the setting node. The floating detection circuit triggers the operation mode detection procedure when the voltage on the setting node is higher than a first voltage threshold in the low power detach detection procedure.