Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus comprises one or more memory devices and one or more processors coupled to a circuit board. The memory devices are configured according to a second memory technology. The processors are configured to receive messages conforming to a first memory technology, translate the messages from the first memory technology to the second memory technology, and send the translated messages to the memory devices.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to configurable processor interrupts. An aspect includes sending, by an application to supervisor software in a computer system, a request, the request including a plurality of exception types to be handled by the application. Another aspect includes determining, by the supervisor software, a subset of the plurality of exception types for which to approve handling by the application. Yet another aspect includes sending a response from the supervisor software to the application notifying the application of the subset of exception types.

Abstract: An embedded system includes a program to be executed. The program is divided into overlays. The embedded system includes a processor configured to request one of the overlays. The requested overlay includes a segment of the program to be executed by the processor. The embedded system also includes a first level memory device coupled to the processor. The first level memory device stores less than all of the overlays of the program. The embedded system further includes a memory management unit coupled to the processor and the first level memory device. The memory management unit is configured to determine, based on a logical address provided by the processor, whether the requested overlay is stored in the first level memory device. The memory management unit is additionally configured to convert the logical address to a physical address when the requested overlay is stored in the first level memory device. The physical address points to the requested overlay.

Abstract: An electronic component, a semiconductor package, and an electronic device including the electronic component and/or the semiconductor package are provided. The electronic component includes an electronic element; an encapsulation member that encapsulates the electronic element and has a first surface and a second surface substantially parallel to each other; and a lead electrically connected to the electronic element and extending outward from the encapsulation member. The lead is disposed entirely in a region between a plane of the first surface of the encapsulation member and a plane of the second surface of the encapsulation member.

Abstract: A peripheral interface circuit and method is disclosed for dealing with round trip delay with serial memory. In some implementations, a finite state machine is configured to introduce a delay state prior to a read data state to absorb round trip delay associated with a memory read operation. A clock module is coupled to the finite state machine and configured to delay start of a pad return clock for the read operation until completion of the delay state. A first synchronous logic is coupled to receive the pad return clock and is configured to sample and hold data from a data bus during the read data state of the memory read operation based on the pad return clock. A second synchronous logic is coupled to receive a system clock and is configured to sample the held data based on the system clock.

Abstract: A controller includes a pseudo device circuit connected to a target device with a bus and a reset line, the pseudo device circuit acquiring from the bus an instruction input to the target device and a response to the instruction input, predicting a response of the target device to the instruction acquired, and outputting a fault report when a difference is detected between a predicted response and an acquired response, and outputting a reset signal to the reset line; and a master circuit connected to the target device with the bus, the master circuit transmitting the instruction to the target device through the bus, and performing initial setting of the target device based on the fault report from the pseudo device circuit.

Abstract: Provided are a memory device and a memory bank comprised of a local data bus, a segmented global data bus coupled to the local data bus, and a section select switch that is configurable to direct a signal from the local data bus to either end of the segmented global data bus. Provided also is a computational device comprising a processor and the memory device and optionally a display. Provided also is a method in which a signal is received from a local data bus, and a section select switch is configured to direct the signal from the local data bus to either end of a segmented global data bus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for accessing an endpoint device in a computer system and a computer system. According to the present invention, an endpoint proxy device establishes a correspondence between a first address, of an endpoint device, in the computing subsystem and a second address, of the endpoint device, in the management subsystem, and when receiving a first access request sent by a management controller to the endpoint device, generates, according to the correspondence, a second access request that carries the first address, of the endpoint device, in the computing subsystem, and sends the second access request to the endpoint device. Therefore, an endpoint device access request of the management controller is sent to the endpoint device, an operation does not need to depend on an operating system, and maintainability in managing the endpoint device is improved.

Abstract: A technique for handling cache-inhibited operations in a data processing system includes receiving, at a topology specific replicated bus unit, a cache-inhibited (CI) operation that is scope limited. The replicated bus unit determines whether an address associated with the CI operation matches an address for the replicated bus unit. In response to the address associated with the CI operation matching the address for the replicated bus unit, the replicated bus unit processes the CI operation based on the scope being limited to that of the replicated bus unit. In response to the address associated with the CI operation not matching the address for the replicated bus unit, the replicated bus unit ignores the CI operation.

Abstract: An I/O module includes a base plate, a plurality of universal circuits, and an option module. The base plate includes a plurality of connection terminals. A plurality of field devices is electrically connectable to the connection terminals. The universal circuits correspond to the connection terminals. The universal circuits are provided on the base plate, and configured to perform an input of analog signals from the field device, an output of analog signals to the field device, an input of discrete signals from the field device, and an output of discrete signals to the field device. The option module is detachably provided in the base plate. The option module is provided between a first connection terminal of the connection terminals and a first universal circuit of the universal circuits. The option module includes a first circuit configured to performing transmitting and receiving of signals between the first connection terminal and the first universal circuit.

Abstract: An embedded port of a host bus adapter of a storage controller receives, from a driver of the host bus adapter, a first set of commands to quiesce I/O operations in the embedded port for a first period, wherein hardware resets of buses and other logic to which the embedded port is connected are performed in the first period of quiescing of I/O operations. One or more commands are received to resume selected I/O operations in the embedded port. A second set of commands is received to quiesce I/O operations for a second period. A command is received to allow normal I/O operations, subsequent to the driver being reinitialized during the second period of quiescing of I/O operations.

Abstract: A motherboard module having switchable PCI-E lanes includes a CPU, a first PCI-E slot, a second PCI-E slot, a first switch, and a second switch. 1st to a-th processor pin sets of the CPU are switchably electrically connected to 1st to a-th first PCI-E pin sets of the first PCI-E slot or (2N?a+1)th to 2N-th second PCI-E pin sets of the second PCI-E slot via the first switch to form PCI-E lanes whose number is a. (a+1)-th to 2N-th processor pin sets of the CPU are connected to the second input terminal of the second switch, and the second output terminal of the second switch is switchably electrically connected to (a+1)-th to 2N-th first PCI-E pin sets of the first PCI-E slot or 1st to (2N?a)th second PCI-E pin sets of the second PCI-E slot to form PCI-E lanes whose number is 2N?a, wherein 1<a<2N.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, a system comprises a first computing device comprising a first baseboard management controller (BMC), a second computing device comprising a second BMC, a first universal serial bus (USB) port coupled to the first BMC, a second USB port coupled to the second BMC, a multiplexor coupled to the first USB port and the second USB port, a shared USB port coupled to the multiplexor, and a chassis manager coupled to the first computing device and the second computing device. The chassis manager may connect, with the multiplexor, the shared port to the first USB port or the second USB port.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses relating to circuitry for multilane serial bus communications are described. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a serial bus controller, upstream serial bus lanes, a single downstream serial bus lane, and a host/device lane controller. The serial bus controller is to send and receive data transmissions to and from serial bus devices. The upstream serial bus lanes correspond to the serial bus devices and are associated with serial port addresses. The host/device lane controller is to receive data transmissions through the upstream serial bus lanes and includes a port address assignment circuit and a multiplexer. The port address assignment circuit is to assign serial port addresses to data transmissions, to be included in data transmissions to identify the upstream serial bus lanes through which the data transmission was received. The multiplexer is to forward data transmissions from upstream serial bus lanes to the downstream serial bus lane.

Abstract: One embodiment describes a reciprocal quantum logic (RQL) receiver system. The RQL system is configured to convert a serial input data stream provided from a serial data transmitter into an RQL data stream. The RQL receiver system includes a sampling controller configured to oversample the serial input data stream via a plurality of samples over each sampling window of an RQL clock signal to determine a transition sample corresponding to a transition in a digital value of the serial input data stream in a given one sampling window of the RQL clock signal. The RQL receiver system can be further configured to capture the digital value of the serial input data stream via a capture sample that is a predetermined number of samples subsequent to the transition sample in each sampling window of the RQL clock signal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for serially transmitting frames from a transmitter to at least one receiver via a bus line and to a participant station for a bus system. In the method, stuff bits are integrated into the frame by the transmitter dependent on the values of multiple previous bits in order to generate additional signals edges. The transmitter of the frame counts the stuff bits which are integrated depending on the value of multiple previous bits, and information on the number of counted stuff bits is transmitted in the transmitted frames.

Abstract: A Social Media Video system provides for the interactive viewing of Social Media Videos. A social media video includes one or more media assets, which may be images, video clips, music clips, text verbiages, or the like. During the display of a Social Media Video, a user may interact with the display to control the visual appearance of the audio/visual content of the display. The visual appearance of a Social Media Video may be changed to include visual and/or aural effects that are pleasing to a social media video viewer. The visual appearance of a Social Media Video may also be changed for better theatrical effect.

Abstract: A system on a chip may include a plurality of data plane processor cores sharing a common instruction set architecture. At least one of the data plane processor cores is specialized to perform a particular function via extensions to the otherwise common instruction set architecture. Such systems on a chip may have reduced physical complexity, cost, and time-to-market, and may provide improvements in core utilization and reductions in system power consumption.

Abstract: An arithmetic processing apparatus performs arithmetic by a neural network in which multiple processing layers are hierarchically connected. The arithmetic processing apparatus corresponding to one of the multiple processing layers includes a convolution arithmetic portion and a pooling processing portion. The convolution arithmetic portion receives an input data from another of the plurality of processing layers, performs convolution arithmetic to the input data, and in each arithmetic cycle, outputs a part of all convolution arithmetic result data required for single pooling processing. The pooling processing portion performs the single pooling processing to the all convolution arithmetic result data before executing activation processing.

Abstract: Mobile devices enabled to support resolution-independent scalable display of Internet (Web) content to allow Web pages to be scaled (zoomed) and panned for better viewing on smaller screen sizes. The mobile devices employ software-based processing of original Web content, including HTML-based content, XML, cascade style sheets, etc. to generate scalable content. The scalable content and/or data derived therefrom are then employed to enable the Web content to be rapidly rendered, zoomed, and panned. Display lists may also be employed to provide further enhancements in rendering speed. Context zooms, including tap-based zooms on columns, images, and paragraphs are also enabled.

Abstract: A system for detecting an original language of a translated document retrieves the translated document, and identifies a language of the retrieved document. The system calculates a language model for the language of the retrieved document (LM(RD)). The system calculates a distinct vector as a difference between LM(RD) and a common language model for the language of the retrieved document (LMT(RD)). The system obtains pair vectors for language model pairs associated with the language of the retrieved document, and calculates a vector distance between the distinct vector and each pair vector (or between the (LM(RD)) and each pair vector). The system identifies a given pair vector within a threshold vector distance, and calculates the confidence score. The system then identifies the original language corresponding to the given pair vector as the original language of the retrieved document, and retrieves an original document in the original language of the retrieved document.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for mobile enablement of webpages (e.g., HTML webpages). In one example, mechanisms are provided for refactoring Java Server Pages “JSP” of a web application into an abstraction layer that partitions the visual presentation elements of HTML pages of the web application into a set of views and a Javascript home page. Further, mechanisms are provided for enabling access to the HTML pages over a mobile device by stacking views one atop another (in one specific example, the views may be rendered only one view at a time as needed; in another specific example any number of views (e.g., all of the views) may be rendered at once). Further, mechanisms are provided for enabling navigation between the views for the HTML pages by providing buttons along with each view.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for transforming and classifying text based on analysis of training texts from particular authors. One of the methods includes receiving an input text including one or more words and a requested author; generating a vector stream representing the input text based on an encoder language model and including one or more multi-dimensional vectors associated with associated words of the words of the input text and representing a distribution of contexts in which the associated words occurred in a plurality of training texts; and producing an output text representing a particular transformation of the input text based at least in part on a decoder language model, the generated vector stream, and the requested author.

Abstract: The technology disclosed relates to systems and methods for providing a CSS parser to improve the maintainability of code that displays data to users. The technology disclosed also improves the performance and consistency of the code that delivers a user's experience.

Abstract: A method and system for recording, editing, and playback of web browser sessions, which captures a series of user visits to web pages, including the initial state of each page and all user interactions with the web pages, are provided. An application uses a web browser's native API (application programming interface) to record and store web pages and user interactions in a unique data format (not as video). Using the browser's native API for recording makes it possible to edit the recording of the user's web session, modifying the recording in ways that are not possible with video recording. The recorder application comprises a core engine implemented in JavaScript and various server configurations, either local or remote, for playback.

Abstract: A metadata item may be generated that includes metadata content corresponding to a selected portion of digital content stored on a first device, the metadata item may be associated with a first user profile, and the metadata item may be distributed to a second user device storing the digital content such that the metadata item can be accessed via a second user profile and rendered on the second user device in association with the digital content. In this manner, metadata content corresponding to digital content may be shared across user profiles that access the digital content. In addition, a collaborative content item may be generated that includes collaborative content associated with a word or phrase in digital content and that is editable by multiple user profiles.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products to perform an operation comprising receiving a policy document specifying a plurality of criteria, identifying, in a segment of unstructured text in the policy document, a criteria delimiter, creating a first portion and a second portion of the segment of unstructured text, wherein the first and second portions are created based on the criteria delimiter, wherein the first and second portions comprise a first criterion and a second criterion, respectively, and responsive to identifying an anaphora in the second portion of the segment of unstructured text that is related to a term in the first portion of the segment of unstructured text, combining the first criterion and the second criterion into a composite criterion.

Abstract: A computer-implemented technique is described for generating a textual narrative based on a set of input images. In one scenario, the end user captures the set of input images while visiting one or more locations. The generated narrative describes the user's travel experience at those locations in a cohesive manner. In one implementation, the technique generates the narrative based on information extracted in offline fashion by a knowledge acquisition component. The knowledge acquisition component, in turn, produces the knowledgebase by mining one or more knowledge sources (such as one or more travel blogs) that provide image-annotated textual travel narratives. The technique can therefore be said to reuse common elements in the travel narratives of others in describing the user's own set of input images.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods and systems for completing fields in an electronic document utilizing drawing input. In particular, upon receiving drawing input in an electronic document with a plurality of fields, one or more embodiments of the disclosed systems and methods automatically identify an appropriate field corresponding to the drawing input. For instance, the disclosed systems and methods can assign drawing input to an appropriate field based on a number of drawing units located within the boundary of each field in the plurality of fields. Moreover, upon identifying the appropriate field corresponding to the drawing input, the disclosed systems and methods can automatically modify the drawing input to fit within a boundary of the identified field.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and a method for creating a document using the same are provided. A method for creating a document using an electronic apparatus includes displaying at least one addition icon in a or around a text box when a text box generating command is input, and adding a cell to the text box and converting the text box into a table when one of the at least one addition icon is selected. Accordingly, the user may easily convert a text box into a table when creating a document.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of controlling data display device. The method includes: loading a monitoring view to initialize it; determining whether to display a tabular view; setting a tabular module if it is determined that the tabular view is to be displayed; displaying the tabular view according to set conditions; and checking whether to perform a view update mode during the displaying the tabular view.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus for generating an inspection report is provided which is configured to perform certain tasks. Input from a user for an inspection report and displaying contents of the inspection report which currently has been inputted, is received. One or more context features from one of the displayed contents is identified, in a real time manner. inspection data for the object based on one or more of the identified context features is processed. A list of items of the processed inspection data is caused to be displayed, upon detection of a specific user input, to be selected by the user. And, when an item in the list is selected by the user, processed inspection data corresponding to the selected item, is inserted into the inspection report. In some embodiments, the one of the displayed contents includes keywords relating to at least one of a body region, a part of the object, anatomical structure of the object, and a pathological structure of the object.

Abstract: A system, method and computer-readable storage devices for providing unsupervised normalization of noisy text using distributed representation of words. The system receives, from a social media forum, a word having a non-canonical spelling in a first language. The system determines a context of the word in the social media forum, identifies the word in a vector space model, and selects an “n-best” vector paths in the vector space model, where the n-best vector paths are neighbors to the vector space path based on the context and the non-canonical spelling. The system can then select, based on a similarity cost, a best path from the n-best vector paths and identify a word associated with the best path as the canonical version.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for altering a written communication based on a dress style associated with a recipient is provided. The present invention may include receiving a plurality of visual data associated with the recipient. The present invention may also include analyzing the received plurality of visual data. The present invention may then include determining the dress style associated with the recipient based on the analyzed plurality of visual data. The present invention may further include retrieving a writing style associated with the recipient from a knowledge base based on the determined dress style. The present invention may also include generating a plurality of writing guidelines based on the retrieved writing style associated with the recipient.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for processing word sequences using neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first sequence of words arranged according to a first order; and for each word in the first sequence, beginning with a first word in the first order: determining a topic vector that is associated with the word; generating a combined input from the word and the topic vector, and processing the combined input through one or more sequence modeling layers to generate a sequence modeling output for the word; and processing one or more of the sequence modeling outputs through an output layer to generate a neural network output for the first sequence of words.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a system and method for short form and long form detection. Given candidate short forms, the system can generate one or more n-gram combinations, resulting in one or more candidate short form and n-gram combination pairs. For each candidate short form and n-gram combination pair, the system can calculate an approximate string matching distance, calculate a best possible alignment score, calculate a confidence score, calculate a topic similarity score, and calculate a semantic similarity score. The system can determine the validity, through a meta learner, of the one or more valid candidate short form and n-gram combination pairs based upon each short form and n-gram combination pair's confidence score, topic similarity score, and semantic similarity score, and store the valid short form and n-gram combination pairs in a repository. The system has no language specific constraints and can extract short form and long form pairs from documents written in various languages.

Abstract: A string of natural language texts is received and formed a multi-layer 2-D symbol in a computing system. The 2-D symbol comprises a matrix of N×N pixels of K-bit data representing a “super-character”. The matrix is divided into M×M sub-matrices with each sub-matrix containing (N/M)×(N/M) pixels. K, N and M are positive integers, and N is preferably a multiple of M. Each sub-matrix represents one ideogram defined in an ideogram collection set. “Super-character” represents a meaning formed from a specific combination of a plurality of ideograms. The meaning of the “super-character” is learned by classifying the 2-D symbol via a trained convolutional neural networks model having bi-valued 3×3 filter kernels in a Cellular Neural Networks or Cellular Nonlinear Networks (CNN) based integrated circuit.

Abstract: Techniques for Chinese name matching are described. A Chinese name is received and is romanized into a Mandarin Pinyin representation. The Mandarin Pinyin representation of the Chinese name is matched against a set of Romanized Chinese names originating from several different Chinese character names. In response to finding a potential match between the Mandarin Pinyin representation and Romanized Chinese name, the original Chinese script for the Romanized Chinese name is retrieved. A native script comparison is applied between the received Chinese name and the original Chinese script for the Romanized Chinese name to obtain a match score. The native script comparison includes character-by-character comparison, character variant look-up, and/or consideration of name component misalignments. The obtained match score is used as a filter to reduce false positives that are generated in the matching of the Mandarin Pinyin representation against the set of Romanized Chinese names.

Abstract: A system, computer program product, and process are provided for artificial intelligence based language interpretation. A storage device has a terminology database that stores a plurality of terms utilized in a previous communication requesting a product and/or a service in a first spoken language, a plurality of responses in a second spoken language to the communication, and (a plurality of outcomes based upon the plurality of responses. The second spoken language being distinct from the first spoken language. Further, a processor learns to generate responses associated with corresponding terms in a request based upon an analysis of the plurality of outcomes from the terminology database, receives a request for a product and/or service in the first spoken language in a current communication, and generates a message having a response that is associated with a term present in the request.

Abstract: A multilayered context enriched text translation interface includes a simulation layer comprising one or more text objects and a translation layer. The interface displays one or more mimicked views of an application GUI in the simulation layer. Subsequent to a user engaging a text object, the interface displays a prompt for a text translation of the text object within a translation layer. In certain embodiments, the mimicked views are graphical reproductions of the application GUI pages with functionality of one or more text objects of the application GUI disabled. In certain embodiments, the prompt includes an accentuation objects to visually accentuate the text object, a text-editing object to receive the text translation of the text object, and a link object to visually connect the accentuation objects and text-editing object.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a system having a graphical user interface for tracking data access and data changes in a centralized database, including: a database storing a first language module; a display providing a graphical user interface that permits access to an authorized user for modifying the first language module; the graphical user interface including an icon for indicating a gap for the first module; a processor that, responsive to user interaction with the icon, opens in the graphical user interface, an at least one data field for indicating gap origin and at least one gap requirement; the graphical user interface providing a function for associating the gap with the first module; and a processor that stores in the database the first module, the gap, and a modified module based on the gap; the graphical user interface providing a search function to an authorized user for retrieving one or more of the first module and the modified module.

Abstract: A set of trigrams can be generated for each document in a plurality of documents processed by an e-discovery system. Each trigram in the set of trigrams for a given document is a sequence of three terms in the given document. A set of trigrams for each similar document is then determined based on the set of trigrams for the original document. To facilitate identification of the similar documents, a full text index is then generated for the plurality of documents and the set of trigrams for each document are indexed into the full text index, as individual terms. Queries can be generated into the full text index based on trigrams of a document to determine other similar or near-duplicate documents. After a set of potentially similar documents are identified, a separate distance criteria can be applied to evaluate the level of similarity between the two documents in an efficient way.

Abstract: Some examples include caching data among multiple interconnected computing devices. As one example, a storage server may transmit a first data set to a first computing device, and may identifying a second computing device from a plurality of computing devices sharing a local area network with the first computing device. For instance, the second computing device may be selected from the plurality of computing devices based on battery levels of the plurality of computing devices. The storage server may identify a second data set as relevant to the first data set and may transmit the identified second data set to the second computing device. Additionally, the storage server may transmit an instruction to the first computing device indicating that the second computing device stores a data cache for the first computing device.

Abstract: A first collection of content that includes digital assets is maintained on a host computer. Based on a determination that a portable media device becomes connected to a client computer that is separate from the host computer and that interacts with the host computer, initiation of a synchronization of the first collection of content resident on the host computer with a second collection of content on the portable media device is automatically triggered. The synchronization of the first collection with the second collection includes a transfer of at least one of the digital assets from the host computer to the client computer to the portable media device and is triggered and conditioned upon the determination that the portable media device has become connected to the client computer.

Abstract: A respective volatility attribute associated with each of one or more tables of a computerized database is used to adjust an extension file size value associated with a database table file space. Various optional additional uses of a volatility attribute to manage a database are disclosed. Preferably, database parameters are automatically monitored over time and database table volatility state is automatically determined and periodically adjusted.

Abstract: A backup method is provided for a file system for managing hierarchical storage including one or more storage media on a computer system including one or more computers. Each of the one or more storage media includes a data part which is separated from an index and on which updated information is appended and kept. Each of a plurality of pieces of data within the file system is managed to be migrated to at least any of the one or more storage media. The backup method includes backing up metadata of the plurality of pieces of data migrated within the file system; and backing up the index of each of the one or more storage media to which the plurality of pieces of data have been migrated, substantially at the same time point as the metadata.

Abstract: A method, system and computer-readable recording medium for storing metadata of a log-structured file system. The method includes receiving a block management request signal including information about a block number and indicating whether it is an allocation request or a deallocation request for a block, calculating a segment number to which the block belongs with reference to the block number, obtaining a metadata segment usage (MSU) item corresponding to the segment number, wherein the metadata segment usage (MSU) item includes information about a segment number and a number of valid blocks, and increasing the number of valid blocks of the metadata segment usage (MSU) item by one when the block management request signal corresponds to the allocation request, and decreasing the number of valid blocks of the metadata segment usage (MSU) by one item when the block management request signal corresponds to the deallocation request.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to scheduling operations to perform on objects. A method for scheduling operations to perform on objects is provided. The method identifies a plurality of operations to perform on a plurality of objects each having at least one attribute. At least one of the operations has scheduling dependency on another operation. The method generates a numeric value for each of the objects from the attribute of the object. The method schedules the operations to perform on the objects based on the numeric values of the objects and the scheduling dependency.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure include methods, systems, and computer-readable storage mediums for providing a SPLAY tree, the SPLAY tree including a data structure having one or more nodes, each node having a node name and a node value, determining that a function of a shared library of an in-memory database system has been called, and determining whether the SPLAY tree includes a node corresponding to the function, wherein: if the SPLAY tree includes a node corresponding to the function, reading a function address of the function from the SPLAY tree, and if the SPLAY tree is absent a node corresponding to the function, reading the function address from a computer-readable file.

Abstract: Improved techniques and apparatus for managing data between a host device (e.g., host computer) and a client device. The data being managed can, for example, pertain to portable computer programs, such as widgets. The managing of the data thus can involve transfer of portable computer programs (e.g., widgets) between the host device and the client device. In one embodiment, the transfer of portable computer programs between a host device and a client device can be referred to as synchronization.