Abstract: Catalyst for hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclobutanediketone compound is provided, which includes a support and VIIIB group transition metal loaded thereon. The support includes a first oxide powder with a surface wrapped by a second oxide. The first oxide includes silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, or a combination thereof. The second oxide has a composition of MxAl(1-x)O(3-x)/2, M is alkaline earth metal, and x is from 0.3 to 0.7.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for oxidation of an alkane (e.g., methane) into an alcohol (e.g., methanol) in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of recovering an alcohol from an aqueous stream comprising: providing an aqueous stream comprising water and an alcohol; providing a solvent stream; combining the aqueous stream and the solvent stream; and recovering at least a portion of the alcohol by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the meta-selective C—H arylations of arene alcohol-based substrates. The methods combine the transient norbornene strategy with a quinoline-based acetal scaffold to achieve the formation of biaryl compounds. These processes establish a foundation for catalytic polyfunctionalization of alcohol-based compounds. The method comprises attaching a heterocyclic hemiacetal scaffold to an aromatic alcohol or a substituted aromatic alcohol; reacting the aromatic or substituted aromatic alcohol having the heterocyclic hemiacetal scaffold attached with an alkyl or aryl iodide in a reaction mix comprising a palladium catalyst, a silver salt, and carboxymethyl norbornene to generate a meta-arylated arene conjugated to the heterocyclic hemiacetal scaffold; and then cleaving the heterocyclic hemiacetal scaffold from the meta-arylated arene alcohol.

Abstract: Described herein is method of making a halogenated partially fluorinated compound, comprising: (a) providing a compound having the following structure of formula (I): Rf—CF?CXY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and Cl; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (b) contacting the compound with at least one of (i) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid; and (ii) aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br to form the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of the formula (II): R?f—CFH—CXYZ wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and Cl; Z is selected from I and Br; and R?f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to narrow range alcohol alkoxylates and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl ether sulfates.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to narrow range alcohol alkoxylates and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl ether sulfates.

Abstract: This invention provides producing having an objective ketone and/or alcohol by decomposing of a hydrocarbon compound rapidly and selectively having a same number of carbon atoms as a hydrocarbon compound by decomposing a hydroperoxide in a reaction solution obtained from oxidizing the hydrocarbon compound using molecular oxygen of this invention involves, a hydroperoxide decomposition step for decomposing the hydroperoxide into the ketone and/or alcohol by contacting the reaction solution with an aqueous solution containing a carbonate of an alkaline earth metal or a carbonate of an alkali metal and a transition metal compound, a separation step for separating into an oil phase comprising the ketone and/or alcohol, and a water phase comprising the carbonate of an alkaline earth metal or carbonate of an alkali metal and the transition metal compound, a recovery step for recovering the carbonate of an alkali metal or carbonate of an alkaline earth metal and the transition metal compound by combusting the water

Abstract: Disclosed is an adduct between a Lewis acid, preferably aluminum trichloride, iron trichloride, or zinc dichloride, and a hydrosilane;—a method for preparing same; and a method for for reducing, particularly, an aldehyde, a ketone, an ?,?-unsaturated ketone, an imine, or an ?,?-unsaturated imine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a product of formula I: wherein the reaction is catalyzed both by thiamine or a thiamine salt and by ascorbic acid in a form which is free or salified or an organic acid salt of an alkaline metal, preferably sodium acetate, potassium tartrate, sodium succinate, or a reductone, preferably 2-hydroxypropanedial or 2,3-dihydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-one in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed in which the methyl iodide concentration is maintained in the vapor product stream formed in a flashing step. The methyl iodide concentration in the vapor product stream ranges from 24 to less than 36 wt. % methyl iodide, based on the weight of the vapor product stream. In addition, the acetaldehyde concentration is maintained within the range from 0.005 to 1 wt. % in the vapor product stream. The vapor product stream is distilled in a first column to obtain an acetic acid product stream comprising acetic acid and up to 300 wppm hydrogen iodide and/or from 0.1 to 6 wt. % methyl iodide and an overhead stream comprising methyl iodide, water and methyl acetate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of dicarboxylic acids from aqueous mixtures of CV8C24 mono- and dicarboxylic acids. In particular this invention relates to a process for the separation and purification of the said mixtures which uses an ultrafiltration stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating formic acid from a reaction mixture which comprises, in addition to formic acid, a polyoxometalate ion of general formula [PMoxVyO40]n?, where 6?x?11, 1?y?6, x+y=12 and 3<n<10, where n, x and y are each integers, wherein the separation occurs by means of an extraction using a linear primary alcohol, wherein the carbon chain of the alcohol comprises 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and the reaction mixture is present in a protic solvent.

Abstract: Provided herein are small molecule active metabotropic glutamate subtype-2 and -3 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMS), compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions comprising the compounds.

Abstract: A method for producing halogenated carbonates is provided, the method having the steps of reacting a halogenated hydroxyl moiety with an alkyl formate in the presence of a liquid solvent and a solid base. An exemplary halogenated carbonate so produced is trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate.

Abstract: A resveratrol ester has the following structure: R1, R2 and R3 are H or Each R4 is independently a carbon chain of 2 to 4 carbon atoms comprising a terminal carboxylic acid moiety, a carbon chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms comprising an amine moiety, or R5 is a carbon chain of 3 or 4 carbon atoms having a terminal carboxylic acid moiety. At least one of R1, R2 and R3 is Salts of resveratrol esters are also included.

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms, treatments, or sequelae of disease. The phorbol esters described are particularly useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases and/or managing the side effects of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments of neoplastic diseases.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for stabilizing an acrylic acid derivative, and a composition containing an acrylic acid derivative in which the acrylic acid derivative is stabilized. The present invention provides a composition comprising: (A) an acrylic acid derivative represented by Formula (I): (wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and each represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, halogen, or hydrogen; R3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, or hydrogen; and X represents fluoroalkyl, alkyl, halogen, or hydrogen); and (B) alcohol, wherein the content of acrylic acid derivative (A) is 30% (w/w) or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds as well as a separation method, a synthetic method and use thereof. It is demonstrated by an assay on activity that the compound has an activity of inhibiting an HMG-CoA reductase. In addition, the invention also relates to a derivative of the compound.

Abstract: In a method for synthesizing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) or a salt thereof, an isourea derivative cation, which consists of a C(NH2)(NH2+) radical and a nucleofugal leaving group bonded to the carbon atom of the C(NH2) (NH2+) radical, is reacted with a dinitromethane anion. The reaction of the isourea derivative cation with the dinitromethane anion takes place in a solution.

Abstract: In a method for synthesizing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) or an N-substituted diamino derivative thereof or a salt of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene or of the N-substituted diamino derivative, a carbodiimide is reacted with a dinitromethane anion. The reaction of the carbodiimide with the dinitromethane anion takes place in a solution.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to adenylyl cyclase inhibitor compounds and methods for treating neuropathic or inflammatory pain by using those compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for separating N,N,N?-trimethylbisaminoethylether and/or N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, from a mixture A comprising N,N,N?-trimethylbisaminoethylether, and N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, wherein said method comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said mixture A with an acylating agent, to form a mixture B comprising the amides of N,N,N?-trimethylbisaminoethylether and of N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, respectively; and (b1) separating the amide of N,N,N?-trimethylbisaminoethylether from mixture B; and (c1) recovering N,N,N?-trimethylbisaminoethylether from its amide by means of a transamidation reaction; and/or (b2) separating the amide of N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether from mixture B; and (c2) recovering N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether from its amide by means of a transamidation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are salts, such as nitrates, of acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine and methods of making the compounds.

Abstract: Here described are compounds consisting of the structure (targeting molecule)m-linker-(targeting molecule)n, wherein the targeting molecule is a retinoid or a fat soluble vitamin having a specific receptor on the target cell; wherein m and n are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and wherein the linker comprises a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG-like molecule, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical formulations including these compounds which are useful for the targeting and delivery of therapeutic agents; and methods of using these compositions and pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds that are prodrugs for mesalazine. Generally, the compounds described herein correspond to a mesalazine molecule wherein the amino group is replaced by a novel protecting group. For example, in the compounds of Formula I described herein, the compound comprises a glyoxylate derivative moiety. In the compounds of Formula II described herein, the compound comprises a vanillin derivative moiety.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound capable of effectively preventing and treating immune diseases and a use thereof. The novel compound of the present subject matter has effects of inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, increasing the activity of regulatory T cells having immunoregulatory functions, inhibiting the production of auto-antibodies to regulate excessive immune responses, and inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclasts, and thus can be used for treating immune diseases, such as autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, and transplant rejection diseases, which are caused by abnormal regulation of various kinds of immune response.

Abstract: A continuous flow process for the preparation of one or more esters of lactic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid or ?-hydroxy methionine analogs from a sugar in the presence of a solid Lewis acid catalyst and a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water. The invention provides a means for stabilizing a Lewis acid catalyst for use in a continuous reaction process wherein the water is present in an amount of up to or equal to 10 vol. % of the organic solvent.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined herein, have an immunostimulatory effect and are useful as immunostimulating agents, particularly as adjuvants, and for compositions containing such a compound, and for vaccines containing such a compound and an antigen.

Abstract: A process for forming a concentrated solution, including distilling in a distillation zone comprised of 10 or more theoretical distillation stages, at a pressure of no greater than 300 mm Hg and a reflux ratio (D/L) of at least 1:1, an amount of an initial solution comprised of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) having a TBHP concentration of up to 60 wt. % and a total impurity content greater than 0.01 wt. %, for a time and under distillation conditions to form a concentrated solution comprised of TBHP in TBA; and separating an overhead distillate from the distillation zone so that the concentrated solution thereafter has a TBHP concentration greater than 60 wt. %, a TBA concentration less than 40 wt. %, a water impurity content no greater than 0.1 wt. % and a total impurity content of no greater than 1 wt. %. Related epoxidation catalyst formation and epoxidation processes are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 4-methoxy pyrrole derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The 4-methoxy pyrrole derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention have not only excellent proton pump inhibitory activity, gastric damage-inhibiting activity and defensive factor-enhancing effects, but also excellent eradication activity against H. pylori. Therefore, the 4-methoxy pyrrole derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal damage due to gastrointestinal tract ulcer, gastritis, reflux esophagitis or H. pylori.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel pentadienoyl piperidine derivative, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same for prevention or treatment of metabolic diseases, and a functional food composition using the same for improvement or relief of metabolic diseases. The pentadienoyl piperidine derivative of the present invention inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes, reduces body weight, visceral fat, blood lipid levels, and blood glucose levels, improves a blood liver function index, and suppresses metabolic inflammation responses. Thus, ultimately, the derivative can be usefully used as a medicine or a functional food composition, which exhibits the preventive or therapeutic activity for metabolic diseases selected from the group consisting of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver and insulin resistance syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (1): The present invention also discloses compounds of formula (1) along with other pharmaceutical acceptable excipients and use of the compounds as anti-tubercular agents.

Abstract: The invention provides two crystalline freebase forms of biphenyl-2-ylcarbamic acid 1-(2-{[4-(4-carbamoylpiperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzoyl]methylamino}ethyl)piperidin-4-yl ester. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline freebase or prepared using the crystalline freebases; processes and intermediates for preparing the crystalline freebases; and methods of using the crystalline freebases to treat a pulmonary disorder.

Abstract: Metallotriangle-based nanomolecules are formed by a one-step self-assembly of specifically chosen shaped poly-ligand monomers, the poly-ligand monomers coordinating with metal ions through coordinating ligands. The poly-ligand monomers are defined by vertex groups having arms extending therefrom and ending in coordinating ligands. Based on the desired metallotriangle-based nanomolecule structure to be assembled, specifically shaped poly-ligand monomers and metal ions are chosen and mixed in appropriate ratios so that coordinating ligands bind to metal ions and the poly-ligand monomers thus spontaneously self-assemble into the desired metallotriangle-based nanomolecule structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a condensed ring derivative, and a preparation method, an intermediate, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. The condensed ring derivative of the present invention has a significant inhibitive effect on URAT1, which can effectively alleviate or treat hyperuricemia and other related diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are a condensed ring derivative, and a preparation method, an intermediate, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. The condensed ring derivative of the present invention has a significant inhibitive effect on URAT1, which can effectively alleviate or treat hyperuricemia and other related diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel processes and methods for making 4-[(3-[(4-cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]carbonyl)-4-fluorophenyl]methyl(2H)phthalazin-1-one (Olaparib) and intermediates thereof. Olaparib is a poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor useful in the treatment of cancers. Benefits of the present disclosure include the use of less toxic compounds and improved yields.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, X, m, R2, Y, R3, Z, n, R4, A and B are as defined in the specification, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a N2-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine derivative, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of cancer comprising the same as an active ingredient. The N2-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine derivative, the optical isomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention is very effective in suppressing anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activity and as a result it can improve the effectiveness of treatment on cancer cells having anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion proteins such as EML4-ALK and NPM-ALK, so that it can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 is alkyl, Cl, F or Br; R2 is H or F; R3 is selected from H and alkyl; R4 is selected from H and C(O)R6; R5 is H; or R4 and R5 are linked to form a heterocyclic group which is optionally substituted with one or more R10 groups; R6 is selected from R7, OR7 and NR8R9; R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl and aryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R10 groups; each R10 is independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, NO2, COO-alkyl, aralkyl, SO2-alkyl, SO2-aryl, COOH, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, NH2, NH-alkyl, N(alkyl)2, CF3, alkyl and alkoxy; X and Z are each independently CR11, and Y is selected from CR11 and N; and R11 is H or F; for use in treating a disorder associated with protein misfolding stress and in particular associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to a crystalline form of the structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having neprilysin inhibition activity. In another aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising this crystalline form; methods of using this crystalline form and its soluble form (I); and processes for preparing soluble (I) and crystalline (I?) forms.

Abstract: Sphingosine kinases are enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate. The invention provides compounds that are effective for inhibition of sphingosine kinase type 1, sphingosine kinase type 2, or both. Certain compounds are selective for sphingosine kinase type 2 relative to sphingosine kinase type 1. Compounds of the invention can be used in treatment of a range of diseases wherein increasing the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate in blood is medically indicated. Diseases that can be treated by administration of an effective dose of a compound of the invention include a neoplastic disease that involves excess vascular growth; macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy; an allergic disease such as asthma, an inflammatory disease of the eye such as uveitis, scleritis, or vitritis; an inflammatory disease of the kidney; a fibrotic disease; atherosclerosis; or pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Abstract: Prodrugs of tizoxanide, an analog or salt thereof are disclosed. The prodrugs have an ester moiety comprising an amino acid moiety, and increase the bioavailability of the tizoxanide, an analog or salt thereof. Compositions and methods of treating an intracellular protozoan infection, a viral infection or a cancer are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, where a mixture comprising olefin, hydrogen peroxide, water and methanol with a weight ratio of water to methanol of less than 1 is passed through a catalyst fixed bed comprising a shaped titanium silicalite catalyst, catalyst breakage is reduced by conditioning the dry catalyst with at least one conditioning liquid comprising water and from 25 to 45% by weight methanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to obtaining furans from biomass. In particular, the invention relates to obtaining furans from polyols, such as tetrahydroxybutane. In accordance with the invention tetrahydroxybutane is converted to furan in the presence of a catalyst. The tetrahydroxybutane may be dissolved in a solvent such as water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the preparation of a useful compound, which can be used as an intermediate for preparing an important compound in the industrial field from a homoserine-based compound, and provides a process for treating a homoserine-based compound, capable of mass-producing a useful compound from a homoserine-based compound in a simple manner with excellent efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a benzofuran analog having a structure represented by formula (I) and used as an NS4B inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the benzofuran analog. The benzofuran analog has anti-hepatitis C virus activity.