Abstract: A gas turbine blade assembly, which is as an assembly provided with a plurality of gas turbine blades on an outer circumferential surface of a rotating disk along a circumferential direction to be spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals, includes: a retainer insertion hole provided in a blade-fixing end, and depressed by a predetermined depth to correspond to a lower end of a retainer; a retainer coupler provided at a lower end of each of the gas turbine blades, and depressed by a predetermined depth to correspond to an upper end of the retainer; and a coupling member coupled at a location adjacent to the retainer coupler to couple the retainer and each of the gas turbine blades together.

Abstract: Turbine nozzle segments and systems are provided. For example, a turbine nozzle segment comprises an airfoil extending axially between leading and trailing edges; an inner band defining a portion of a flow path inner boundary; and an outer band defining a portion of a flow path outer boundary. An airfoil trailing edge portion defines the trailing edge and extends axially beyond the inner and outer bands such that the trailing edge is defined axially aft of the inner and outer band aft ends. An exemplary turbine nozzle system comprises the turbine nozzle segment, an outer member positioned aft of the outer band at the trailing edge portion outer end to define the flow path outer boundary along the trailing edge portion, and an inner member positioned aft of the inner band at the trailing edge portion inner end to define the flow path inner boundary along the trailing edge portion.

Abstract: Flow path assemblies and methods for assembling such assemblies are provided. For example, a flow path assembly comprises a turbine nozzle segment including an airfoil extending axially between leading and trailing edges, an inner band defining a portion of a flow path inner boundary, and an outer band defining a portion of a flow path outer boundary. The airfoil includes a trailing edge portion defining the trailing edge and extending axially beyond the inner and outer bands such that the trailing edge is defined axially aft of the inner and outer band aft ends. The flow path assembly further comprises a shroud having a forward portion that extends axially along the trailing edge portion such that the forward portion defines the flow path outer boundary at the trailing edge portion. Methods of assembling flow path assemblies having a turbine nozzle assembly and inner and outer members also are provided.

Abstract: A turbine vane and a gas turbine including the same are disclosed. The turbine vane includes an air foil including a leading edge and a trailing edge, and inner and outer shrouds disposed at opposite ends of the air foil. Each of the inner and outer shrouds includes a cooling chamber, which may be formed in at least one of opposite ends of the shroud arranged in a first direction.

Abstract: Turbines comprising a first stator section having a plurality of first vanes, a first rotating section having a plurality of first blades, a second stator section having a plurality of second vanes, a “primary TOBI assembly” having an “aft-facing, forward-positioned TOBI” configured to direct an airflow from the first stator section in an aftward direction toward the first rotating section, the primary TOBI assembly supplying high pressure cooling flow to leading edges of the first blades of the first rotating section, and a “secondary TOBI assembly” having a “forward-facing, aft-positioned TOBI” configured to direct an airflow from the second stator section in a forward direction toward the first rotating section, the secondary TOBI assembly supplying low pressure cooling flow to non-leading edge portions of the first blades of the first rotating section.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a pivot shaft assembly for a variable turbine geometry turbocharger comprising: a pivot shaft and a polymeric seal surrounding a portion of the pivot shaft, wherein the polymeric seal comprises a first layer and a second layer surrounding at least a portion of the first layer, and wherein the first layer comprises a perfluoroelastomer and the second layer comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for an aircraft propulsion system. The assembly includes a first component, a second component and a seal assembly configured to seal a gap between the first and the second components. The seal assembly includes a metal spring seal element and an elastomeric seal element. The metal spring seal element is mounted to the first component. The metal spring seal element is sealingly engaged with the second component. The elastomeric seal element is mounted to the metal spring seal element. The elastomeric seal element is sealingly engaged with the second component.

Abstract: An assembly adapted for use in a gas turbine engine has a carrier component, a supported component, and a seal adapted to resist the flow of gasses between the supported component and the carrier component. In an illustrative embodiment, the assembly is a turbine shroud segment for resisting gasses from passing over turbine blades included in the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: Gas turbine engines and turbines thereof including a stator section having a plurality of vanes, a rotating section having a plurality of blades, the rotating section being axially adjacent the stator section along an axis of the turbine, the stator section being aftward of the rotating section along the axis of the turbine, and a primary tangential onboard injector located radially inward from the stator section and configured to direct an airflow from the stator section in a forward direction toward the rotating section, the primary tangential onboard injector turning the airflow in a direction of rotation of the rotating section.

Abstract: Dry gas sealing system for a turbomachine, in particular a turbocompressor, having at least one dry gas seal for sealing a part located on the rotor side of the turbomachine from a part located on the stator side of the turbomachine, and a purifying device for purifying process gas that is extracted from the turbomachine and can be fed to the or each dry gas seal as purified sealing gas following the purification process; the purifying device is designed as a centrifugal device that is integrated into the part located on the rotor side of the turbomachine

Abstract: An air scal system for a rotor blade assembly of a gas turbine engine includes a substrate. An optional ceramic interlayer may be disposed on an optional bond coat deposited on the substrate. An erosion resistant thermal barrier coating (E-TBC) layer is disposed on the ceramic interlayer (if present) or on the bond coat, or on the substrate. An abradable layer is disposed on the erosion resistant thermal barrier coating (E-TBC) layer.

Abstract: The present application provides a power generation system. The power generation system may include a core turbine positioned about a core rotor shaft, a power turbine positioned about a power rotor shaft, a synchronous generator including a generator rotor shaft coupled to the power rotor shaft for rotation therewith, and an electronic controller in operable communication with the synchronous generator. The synchronous generator may be configured to generate reactive power for or absorb reactive power from an electric power grid when the power generation system operates in a reactive power mode. The electronic controller may be operable to cause the core rotor shaft to rotate when the power generation system operates in the reactive power mode.

Abstract: A system and method for determining particulate accumulation in a gas turbine engine includes sensing particulate at a first position that is located at a first side of a gas turbine engine component and supplying a first sensor signal representative thereof, and sensing particulate at a second position that is located at a second side of the gas turbine engine component and downstream of the first position, and supplying a second sensor signal representative thereof, where the second position. The first sensor and second sensor signals are processed to determine the type, quantity, and size of particulate at the first and second positions, respectively. Based at least on the quantity and size of the particulate at the first and the second positions, an amount of the particulate accumulated on the gas turbine engine component is determined.

Abstract: A gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power generation plant (100) equipped with a control unit which performs a load reduction following operation with respect to a fuel adjustment valve (Vd), a main steam valve (V1), and a bypass valve (V4), wherein, when a load reduction request for reducing a GTCC load target value has been input in a closed bypass operation, the degree of opening of the fuel adjustment valve (Vd) is reduced in accordance with the target value while the main steam valve (V1) is in an open state, and the bypass valve (V4) is placed in an open state, after which the bypass valve (V4) is placed in the closed state when the GTCC load reaches the target value.

Abstract: A backsheet for use in a turbine engine fan case includes a first portion including a first portion first end and an opposing first portion second end. The first portion is tapered between the first portion first end and the first portion second end. The backsheet also includes a second portion coupled to the first portion. The second portion includes a second portion first end and an opposing second portion second end. The second portion defines a constant thickness between the second portion first end and the second portion second end.

Abstract: A turbine engine cleaning system includes a foam generator configured to generate foam, from a liquid detergent, to clean a turbine engine. The turbine engine cleaning system also includes an effluent capture and detergent regeneration sub-system having an inlet configured to receive an effluent from the turbine engine, processing components configured to process the effluent to regenerate a liquid detergent, and an outlet fluidly coupled with the foam generator to enable transport of the liquid detergent from the effluent capture and detergent regeneration sub-system to the foam generator.

Abstract: A turbine engine that includes an engine casing including a shell and an angel wing member. The angel wing member includes a base defined at the shell and a tip positioned distal from the base. The turbine engine also includes a backsheet extending over the angel wing member such that an angled region is defined in the backsheet at an interface with the tip. The tip has a predetermined contour capable of mitigating stress concentrations in the angled region induced from said tip.

Abstract: A turbine engine casing, and in particular an axial turbine engine compressor casing, includes an annular wall and a fastening flange associated with the wall. The fastening flange includes a fastening surface applied against a corresponding mounting surface of the turbine engine, for example, a surface on an intermediate fan casing or a mounting surface of a flow separator. The fastening flange includes at least one electrical connector with one end lying flush with the fastening surface of said fastening flange.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a gas turbine engine defining a radial direction, a circumferential direction, an axial centerline along a longitudinal direction, and wherein the gas turbine engine defines an upstream end and a downstream end along the longitudinal direction, and wherein the gas turbine engine defines a core flowpath extended generally along the longitudinal direction. The gas turbine engine includes a turbine frame defined around the axial centerline, the turbine frame comprising a first bearing surface disposed inward along the radial direction. The gas turbine engine further includes a turbine rotor assembly including a bearing assembly coupled to the first bearing surface of the turbine frame and the turbine rotor assembly. The turbine rotor assembly further includes a first turbine rotor disposed upstream of the turbine frame and a second turbine rotor disposed downstream of the turbine frame.

Abstract: An exhaust diffuser according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is mounted at an outlet of a gas turbine to eject exhaust gas to the outside and includes hollow cylindrical internal diffuser guide and external diffuser guide. The exhaust diffuser includes: struts disposed between the internal diffuser guide and the external diffuser guide to space the internal diffuser guide and the external diffuser guide at a predetermined distance from each other; and vanes surrounding an outer side of the internal diffuser guide.

Abstract: A valve assembly for use to regulate a flow of steam in a flowpath of a turbine. The valve assembly can be configured with a body that circumscribes a rotor. The body is disposed upstream of the rotor blades. In one implementation, the body forms an annular ring with a plurality of arcuate segments, each being configured to move independently of the other segments in the ring to change the size of an annular gap between the arcuate segments and the rotor. The size of the annular gap corresponds with flow parameters for working fluid that flows across the rotor and that exits the turbine for use in pre-heaters and like collateral equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to combined gas and steam power plants. Various embodiments may include methods for operating such plants, such as: generating hot steam with an exhaust gas of a gas turbine; driving a generator with the steam; diverting at least a part of the generated steam and storing the diverted steam in a steam accumulator; then, discharging at least a part of the steam stored in the steam accumulator from the steam accumulator; heating the steam discharged from the steam accumulator with heat released during an exothermic chemical reaction; and feeding the heated steam to drive the turbine device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to power plants. Teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for operating a combined gas-and-steam power plant and/or combined gas-and-steam power plants. For example, some embodiments may include a method for operating a combined gas-and-steam power plant comprising: generating steam with waste gas from a gas turbine; driving a generator for providing electrical current via a turbine device; and using at least part of the heat in the steam to affect an endothermic chemical reaction.

Abstract: A method may be used to adjust a gap between a stator and a rotor of a phase shifter for an adjustable camshaft. The stator may be connected to an outer shaft, and the rotor may be connected to an inner shaft of the adjustable camshaft. When the rotor rotates in the stator, a phase position of the inner shaft is adjusted relative to a phase position of the outer shaft. A gap may be formed between sliding surfaces on the stator and rotor. The method may involve coating at least one of the sliding surfaces with a removable coating, assembling the phase shifter including a joining of the rotor in the stator, starting up the phase shifter by rotating the rotor in the stator, and adjusting the gap between the stator and the rotor by way of abrasion of at least a partial thickness of the coating.

Abstract: An electrically-actuatable camshaft adjuster includes an adjustment gear which has a drive wheel with an external toothing. The adjustment gear also has an additional ring-shaped component which is solidly screwed to the drive wheel. In particular, the drive wheel has internal threading into which outer threading of the ring-shaped component is screwed.

Abstract: A pipe for supplying pressure medium to valve train elements, including: an outer wall; a partition located inward of the outer wall and twisted in a spiral along the outer wall; a first gallery formed by the partition and the outer wall; a second gallery formed by the partition and the outer wall and separate from the first gallery; and a plurality of overflow openings. Each overflow opening opens to the first gallery or to the second gallery.

Abstract: Provided is an internal combustion engine component in which a satisfactory heat insulating property is combined with durability superior to that in the related art. The internal combustion engine component constitutes the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein (1) in the component, a porous layer is formed at least on a surface exposed to the combustion chamber, and (2) the porous layer is a layer formed by three-dimensionally interconnected grains of a ferrite which is spinel type iron oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with: an umbrella part metallic sodium insertion device for inserting rod-shaped metallic sodium into a hollow part of a hollow valve; a melting device for melting the metallic sodium in the hollow part by inserting a push rod from an opening into the hollow part of the hollow valve, in which the metallic sodium has been inserted by the device, and, while pushing the rod-shaped metallic sodium in the hollow part, heating the umbrella part to a temperature at which the metallic sodium is melted; a stem part cooling device for cooling a stem part of the hollow valve, in which the metallic sodium has been melted by the melting device, to a temperature lower than the temperature at which the metallic sodium is melted; and a stem part metallic sodium insertion device for inserting rod-shaped metallic sodium into the hollow part which has been cooled by the device.

Abstract: A friction loss management system for an engine, comprises a combustion engine comprising a crankshaft and a plurality of cylinders, a reciprocating piston assembly connected to the crankshaft, a fuel injector connected to an injection controller, an intake valve connected to an intake valve controller, and an exhaust valve connected to an exhaust valve controller. A control unit comprises at least one set of control algorithms configured to receive engine power demand data, and determine a number of cylinders of the plurality of cylinders for deactivation based on the received engine power demand data and further based on sensed or stored friction values for the plurality of cylinders. Determining the number of cylinders of for deactivation minimizes friction between the plurality of cylinders and their respective reciprocating piston assembly by selecting a cylinder combination of active cylinders and deactivated cylinders with the lowest total friction while meeting engine power demand.

Abstract: A rocker arm assembly for use in a valve train carrier, the rocker arm assembly being rotatable around a rocker shaft supported by the valve train carrier based upon a lift profile provided on a cam that rotates with a camshaft, a rotation of the rocker arm assembly causing translation of a corresponding engine valve, includes: a rocker arm body having an opening that receives the rocker shaft, the rocker arm body further defining an oil supply channel; a capsule assembly disposed on the rocker arm body and that selectively communicates oil to and from the oil supply channel, the capsule assembly including: a plunger assembly having a plunger that selectively translates within a plunger chamber between an extended rigid position based upon the plunger chamber being pressurized with oil and a retracted non-rigid position based upon the plunger chamber being depressurized, the plunger moving move the engine valve.

Abstract: System and methods mount an accessory to an engine block having a pilot bore aligned with a first plane and sealing surfaces aligned to a second plane different than the first plane. The accessory includes a sliding pilot for interfacing with the pilot bore that is capable of sliding in an “x” direction yet fixed in a “y” direction with respect to the accessory housing. Interfacing the sliding pilot in a mounting position with the pilot bore along a “z” direction locates the accessory with respect to the engine block in the “y” and “z” directions. Fastening the accessory to the sealing surfaces of the engine block locates the accessory in the “x” direction with sufficient precision to mitigate gear backlashing and providing one or more fluid seals between the accessory and the engine block.

Abstract: Provided are oil reservoirs and engine oil circulation systems including an upper sump capable of receiving oil from an engine, a lower sump disposed vertically below the upper sump, a valve-controlled orifice (VCO) penetrating the upper sum bottom, an oil chimney capable of receiving oil and communicating oil to the lower sump, and an oil conduit capable of extracting oil from the lower sump. Methods for operating systems include maintaining the VCO in an open position for a draw down duration temporally proximate an engine cold start, subsequently circulating oil between the engine and the oil reservoir, actuating the VCO to a closed position subsequent to the draw down duration for a warmup duration, and actuating the VCO to an open position subsequent to the warmup duration. Methods can further include actuating the VCO to an open position during the warmup duration in response to an increased oil demand event.

Abstract: The present invention is a real time fluid level monitoring system comprising a time of flight sensor coupled to a data processing unit with a means to output the measured fluid level data. The system may be configured to monitor fluid levels such as engine oil, hydraulic oil, coolant, fuel, and wiper fluids in automobiles and commercials. The time of flight sensor may be installed at the top of the fluid vessel and calibrated for the vessel size. The data processing unit communicates with the time of flight sensor to relay real time data concerning fluid level measurements to the operator of the automobile or commercial vehicle.

Abstract: A method for producing a gasoline engine exhaust gas system having a particulate filter includes using at least one spacer for positioning at least two components provided for the passage of exhaust gas from the engine. The spacer includes ash-forming constituents. The method then includes permanently connecting the components, and burning the spacer element during a first heating up of the exhaust gas system, thereby releasing the ash-forming constituents and depositing the ash-forming constituents on the particulate filter. An exhaust gas system of a gasoline engine also is provided in a state before a first heating up of the exhaust gas system. The exhaust gas system includes a burnable spacer element between two exhaust gas system components that are provided for the passage of exhaust gas. The burnable spacer elements include ash-forming constituents.

Abstract: A catalytic wall-flow monolith filter having three-way catalytic activity for use in an emission treatment system of a positive ignition internal combustion engine comprising a porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction there between and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous, wherein a first on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is

Abstract: An extruded honeycomb catalyst for nitrogen oxide reduction according to the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method in exhaust gases from motor vehicles includes an extruded active carrier in honeycomb form having a first SCR catalytically active component and with a plurality of channels through which the exhaust gas flows during operation, and a washcoat coating having a second SCR catalytically active component being applied to the extruded body, wherein the first SCR catalytically active component and the second SCR catalytically active component are each independently one of: (i) vanadium catalyst with vanadium as catalytically active component; (ii) mixed-oxide catalyst with one or more oxides, in particular those of transition metals or lanthanides as catalytically active component; and (iii) an Fe- or a Cu-zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A mixer assembly for mixing an injected reductant with an exhaust gas output from a combustion engine comprises a mixer housing including a wall defining an exhaust passageway having a longitudinal axis. A tubular swirling device housing extends along a first axis substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis. The tubular swirling device includes a plurality of openings through which exhaust gas enters. The exhaust gas within the tubular swirling device swirls about the first axis and exits at an outlet end of the tubular swirling device. A mixing plate is positioned immediately downstream of the tubular swirling device. The mixing plate swirls the exhaust about a second axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery unit that includes: a lead-in pipe that leads a heat medium from outside an exhaust pipe, via an inlet portion of an heat exchanger, into the heat exchanger; a lead-out pipe that leads the heat medium out from the heat exchanger, via an outlet portion of the heat exchanger, outside the exhaust pipe; and a pair of seal members that seal a space between the inlet portion and the lead-in pipe and a space between the outlet portion and the lead-out pipe, with at least one of the pair of seal members including an O-ring disposed in a position in which the at least one of the pair of seal members does not contact exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe and in which the at least one of the pair of seal members contacts the heat medium.

Abstract: A system for increasing temperature in an exhaust aftertreatment system upstream of an exhaust aftertreatment device, such as a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) device, is provided. In one form, the system includes a component within an exhaust stream being exposed to exhaust flow and temperatures of at least 200° C. At least one surface of the component includes an adhered ceramic coating that functions as a catalyst to accelerate heating of the exhaust flow. In another form, a secondary catalyst is adhered to the ceramic coating. The component may be a part or parts of a turbocharger, such as nozzles, vanes, runners, and blades.

Abstract: A cooling control system for a working machine includes a fan, a housing to which the fan is attached, a prime mover having an output shall, a rotor to be rotated by a rotating power of the output shaft and to be rotated with the housing by a fluid introduced to a gap formed between the housing and the rotor, a fluid setting circuit to set an introduction amount of the fluid introduced to the gap, and a control device to control the fluid setting circuit to control the fan. The control device includes a setting circuit to set a target rotation speed of the fan based on a responsiveness of an actual rotation speed of the fan at time of changing of the target rotation speed of the fan.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a fluid system comprising a fluid circuit and a pump wherein the fluid circuit diverges into a first path and a second path and converges back into a third path; wherein the fluid circuit further comprises at least one solenoid valve located near the convergence of the first path and the second path into the third path and wherein the solenoid valve is constructed and arranged to control fluid flow on its path in accordance with preset conditions of the fluid system.

Abstract: The cooling apparatus of the internal combustion engine according to the invention executes an incompletely-warmed state control for supplying the cooling water to the cylinder block water passage from the cylinder head water passage without flowing the cooling water through the radiator and supplying the cooling water to the cylinder head water passage from the cylinder block water passage when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the engine completely-warmed water temperature at which the engine is estimated to be warmed completely.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine according to the invention comprises a first passage formed in the cylinder block, through which the cooling medium flows for cooling between-bores portions, a second passage formed in the cylinder block, through which the cooling medium flows for cooling a bore-surrounding portion, and a cooling medium supplying mechanism for supplying the cooling medium to the first and second passages such that ability of the cooling medium for cooling the between-bore portions, is different from the ability of the cooling medium for cooling the bore-surrounding portion.

Abstract: A condensation management device includes: a first chamber that receives liquid from an outlet of a charge air cooler (CAC) and that includes an aperture through a bottom-most wall of the first chamber; a second chamber that receives liquid from the first chamber when the aperture is open and that outputs liquid received from the first chamber to an intake system of an engine at a location between the CAC and a throttle valve; and a valve configured to open the aperture when at least one of: (i) a mass of the liquid within the first chamber is less than a predetermined mass; and (ii) a first pressure within the first chamber is greater than or equal to a second pressure within the second chamber. The valve is configured to block the aperture when (i) and (ii) are not satisfied.

Abstract: To provide controller and control method for internal combustion engine that can suppress motor built in actuator from overheating when waste gate valve is controlled to near fully closed position or fully opened position, and can suppress from causing deterioration of fuel efficiency by consuming large power wastefully even in light load operation region in which pressure of exhaust gas is low relatively. A controller for internal combustion engine calculates basic operating amount for bringing real opening degree close to target opening degree; calculates an operating amount obtained by performing upper limitation of basic operating amount by first limit value, as final operating amount, in case of supercharging driving state; and calculates an operating amount obtained by performing upper limitation of basic operating amount by second limit value smaller than first limit value, as final operating amount, in case of non-supercharging driving state.

Abstract: A variable flow rate valve mechanism includes: a valve body which opens and closes an opening; a stem which is rotatably supported by a housing while the valve body is connected to a first end thereof; a cylindrical bearing which is inserted through a through-hole of the housing and supports the stem to be rotatable about an axis line of the stem; a link member which is connected to a second end of the stem; and a spring mechanism which is disposed in a gap between the link member and an end of the bearing, on the side of the second end. An end of the bearing includes an inclined surface which contacts the spring mechanism and is inclined with respect to the axis line of the stem.

Abstract: A turbocharger wastegate assembly includes a turbine housing that includes a chamber, a bore, two exhaust passages, a divider wall disposed between the two exhaust passages, and a wastegate seat, where the divider wall includes a divider wall surface; and a wastegate that includes a shaft, an arm and a plug, where the shaft is received by the bore of the turbine housing for rotation about an axis of the shaft to orient the plug in a closed state and to orient the plug in an open state, where, in the closed state, a contact portion of the plug contacts the wastegate seat and a shell portion of the plug defines a clearance with respect to the divider wall surface and extends into the two exhaust passages.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine using a gas mixture that is supplied to the fossil fuel in the engine combustion chamber in addition to the combustion air and is produced by the electrolysis of water includes measuring a quantity of air drawn into the intake tract of the engine in accordance with a particular engine operating mode. The method further includes directly supplying, to the combustion air per unit of volume of combustion air, a same, limited quantity of Brown's gas that acts as an additive, that is produced by means of an electrolyzer operated using a pulsating current, and that contains energy-enriched, gaseous water molecules. The percentage of the gas molecules present in the fuel during the combustion process is limited.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear combustion engine, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a combustion section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the combustion section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the combustion section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) system for removing foreign materials includes: switching a target operating value of the CVVT system to a predetermined setting value within a set operating region and performing cleaning of the CVVT system; and determining whether a valve timing control learning request exists for the CVVT system, and, when the valve timing control learning request exists, aborting the cleaning.