Abstract: Disclosed herein are a time-based signal acquisition apparatus and method using sawtooth-shaped threshold voltage. The signal acquisition apparatus for acquiring the information of a scintillation signal includes a sawtooth-shaped voltage generation unit and a signal comparison unit. The sawtooth-shaped voltage generation unit generates a sawtooth-shaped threshold voltage which increases when the threshold voltage is smaller than a voltage value of the scintillation signal and which decreases to an initial value when the threshold voltage is larger than the voltage value of the scintillation signal. The signal comparison unit receives the scintillation signal, compares the voltage value of the scintillation signal with the threshold voltage, and generates a digital pulse train.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a substrate, control lines, data lines, a photoelectric conversion part provided in a region drawn by the control and data lines, and including thin film transistors and photoelectric conversion elements electrically connected to the corresponding control and data lines, a control circuit electrically connected to the control lines, a signal detection circuit electrically connected to the data lines, at least one reference potential part electrically connected to the signal detection circuit, and a determination part electrically connected to the signal detection circuit. The signal detection circuit detects a first current integral value via the data lines and detects a second current integral value from the at least one reference potential part. The determination part determines an incidence start time of a radiation on the basis of a difference between the detected first and second current integral values.

Abstract: A fissile neutron detection system includes an ionizing thermal neutron detector arrangement including an inner peripheral shape that at least substantially surrounds a moderator region for detecting thermal neutrons that exit the moderator region but is at least generally transparent to the incident fissile neutrons. A moderator is disposed within the moderator region having lateral extents such that any given dimension that bisects the lateral extents includes a length that is greater than any thickness of the moderator arrangement transverse to the lateral extents. The moderator can include major widthwise and major lengthwise lateral extents such that any given dimension across the lengthwise and widthwise lateral extents includes a length that is greater than any thickness of the moderator arrangement transverse to the lateral extents.

Abstract: A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the sensitivity and energy response of neutron detectors and neutron dose rate meters. A beryllium layer is added to neutron detector moderators to improve the sensitivity of the detector. Energy dependence of the sensitivity is optimized by controlling the amount of beryllium in the moderator and by specifying the geometrical design parameters. The beryllium layer, in combination with additional material layers in the moderator, makes the detector response function correspond to the theoretical one in a wide range of energies. Response parameters of the neutron dose rate meter are within 20% of the theoretical response function in the neutron energy range from 500 keV to 10 GeV, and also in the energy range corresponding to thermal neutrons (about 1-100 meV).

Abstract: Predicting hydraulic fracture treatment uses well log data and core data from one well in a given subsurface region to create a petrophysical properties model for the subsurface region. The petrophysical properties model yields fluid volumes and mineral volumes in any given well passing through the subsurface region using only well log data as inputs. The fluid and mineral volumes are used with dipole sonic data from a second well to create an elastic rock properties model for the given subsurface that yields elastic properties in any well passing through the subsurface region using only well log data and mineral and fluid volumes. For wells in the subsurface having only well log data, the petrophysical properties model and the elastic rock properties model are used with the well log data to predict an amount of recoverable hydrocarbons within wells that will respond to hydraulic fracture treatments.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as methods, include operating to estimate a range of true resistivity in a geological formation, based on measurements made over multiple frequencies. Further activity may comprise selecting a subset of the measurements associated with at least one measurement frequency included in the multiple frequencies, based on the range of the true resistivity, to determine a value of a property of the geological formation. Additional methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The current document is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for propagating a combined source-and-receiver wavefield from a first level to a next, second level with respect to depth, time, or another dimension. The methods and systems, to which the current document is directed, apply an efficient complex, combined-source-and-receiver-wavefield propagation operator to a complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield in order to propagate the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield to the next level. Real source and receiver wavefields at the next, second level can then be extracted from the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield at the next level.

Abstract: A disclosed seismic survey system includes one or more streamer(s) each having multiple spaced apart sensor units, and a data recording and control system. Each sensor unit receives a command from the data recording and control system, and operates in an enabled state or a disabled state dependent upon the command. The data recording and control system collects and stores data from enabled sensor units. The sensor units produce data when in the enabled state, and dissipate significantly less electrical power in the disabled state. A described sensor unit includes one or more sensor(s), an analog-to-digital converter, and a control unit that enables or disables the analog-to-digital converter dependent upon the command. A disclosed method for acquiring seismic survey data includes issuing an enable or disable command to each of multiple spaced apart sensor units, and receiving and storing data from those sensor units that are enabled.

Abstract: A system for locating an underground utility line using a beacon positioned within a downhole tool. The beacon comprises a magnetic sensor formed from one or more ferrite rods. The rods are arranged such that no rod is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the beacon housing. The magnetic sensor detects the presence of an underground utility line and sends a signal to an above-ground tracker indicating that a line has been detected. An above-ground locator may be used to determine the position of the line relative the beacon, so that the downhole tool may be steered away from the line.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring and generating electrical fields downhole. In one embodiment a system is provided that includes an amplifier connected to a first electrode in electrical contact with the Earth via an operative capacitive coupling. An additional electrode and amplifier are disposed in the borehole opposite the first electrode and constitute a first pair of electrodes spaced in a direction orthogonal to the axis. A second electrode is part of a group of counter electrodes spaced from each other and disposed outside the borehole. The first pair of electrodes and the amplifiers are configured to be one of a source that generates an electrical field in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of the borehole and a sensor that measures an electric field substantially orthogonal to the axis of the borehole.

Abstract: Described herein is a method including acquiring a set of transimpedance coupling voltages, between different antenna components of different axes of a transmitting station transmitting into a formation and different antenna components of different axes of a receiving station receiving from the formation, using an induction tool undergoing random movement during the acquisition. Fourier coefficients for the set of transimpedance coupling voltages are determined using a least square process. A mean tool eccentering azimuthal angle and an apparent formation azimuthal angle are estimated as a function of the Fourier coefficients. Compensated measurements are computed as a function of the Fourier coefficients. An inversion loop receives as input the compensated measurements, the estimated mean tool eccentering azimuthal angle, and the estimated apparent formation azimuth, and outputs final parameters as a function thereof.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: A method for measuring one or more properties of a formation includes applying a magnetic field to a subterranean formation using a downhole tool. A radiofrequency signal is transmitted into the subterranean formation that is exposed to the magnetic field. The radiofrequency signal induces a transverse magnetization in the subterranean formation, and the transverse magnetization induces an initial voltage signal in the downhole tool. The initial voltage signal is amplified using a first amplifier in the downhole tool such that the first amplifier outputs a first amplified voltage signal.

Abstract: An X-ray inspection system for scanning items is provided. The system includes: a stationary X-ray source extending around a rectangular scanning volume, and defining multiple source points from which X-rays can be directed through the scanning volume; an X-ray detector array also extending around the rectangular scanning volume and arranged to detect X-rays from the source points which have passed through the scanning volume; a conveyor arranged to convey the items through the scanning volume; and at least one processor for processing the detected X-rays to produce scanning images of the items.

Abstract: A highly sensitive gravimeter using a magnetic parallel dipole line (PDL) trap system is provided. In one aspect, a gravimeter includes: a vacuum enclosure; a PDL trap within the vacuum enclosure, the PDL trap having a pair of dipole line magnets, and a diamagnetic rod levitating in between the dipole line magnets; and a heater and temperature sensor within the vacuum enclosure configured to maintain a constant temperature within the vacuum enclosure that is greater than a temperature outside of the vacuum enclosure and precision frequency measurement system. The frequency of the oscillation of the trapped diamagnetic rod will yield the local gravitational acceleration. Methods for measuring a local gravitational field using the present gravimeter are also provided.

Abstract: The method for enhanced depth penetration of energy into a formation may include mechanically stimulating the formation at a first frequency to induce mechanical stress in the formation and directing electromagnetic radiation towards the formation while mechanically stimulating the formation.

Abstract: Provided are an active energy ray-curable composition which has a viscosity suitable for coating and also has a super high refractive index at a level higher than ever, a cured product thereof, and a plastic lens. The active energy ray-curable composition contains zirconium oxide nanoparticles (A) and a bicarbazole compound (B) represented by the following structural formula (1) (in the formula, X1 and X2 each independently represent a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, provided that at least one of X1 and X2 represents a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group; and R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom).

Abstract: The present application discloses an optical film of a double-sided structure. The optical film of a double-sided structure comprises: a body which includes a polymer, having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; and an accommodation mechanism, provided on the first surface and the second surface, and used for forming a graphic structure on a surface of the body. The body comprising the accommodation mechanism is an integral structure. The accommodation mechanism comprises a groove, and the accommodation mechanism accommodates a filler to form the graphic structure. The filler comprises one or more of an electrically conductive material, a coloring material, or a dyeing material. The polymer comprises thermosetting resin and/or photocurable resin. The body has a transmittance of above 0.7.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lens module. The lens module includes a lens barrel, and at least one lens located in the lens barrel. The surface of the lens is covered with chromogenic material. Alternatively, the lens could be formed by glass or plastic mixed with chromogenic agent.

Abstract: Provided is an optical component or the like having a stealth mark that is invisible under visible light and is visible under light of a predetermined wavelength. An optical component includes a stealth mark that is invisible under the visible light and visible under the predetermined wavelength, and the stealth mark includes an impregnated region formed from a fluorescent coloring material, and the stealth mark is integrated into the optical component such that an outermost surface of the stealth mark is flush with a surface of the optical component.

Abstract: An optical element that features high transmission and low reflectivity at infrared wavelengths is described. The optical element includes a substrate, an adhesion layer on the substrate, and an anti-reflection coating. Substrates include chalcogenide glasses, InAs, and GaAs. Adhesion layers include Se, ZnSe, Ga2Se3, Bi2Se3, In2Se3, ZnS, Ga2S3 and In2S3. Anti-reflection coatings include one or more layers of DLC (diamond-like carbon), ZnS, ZnSe, Ge, Si, HfO2, Bi2O3, GdF3, YbF3, In2Se3, and YF3. The optical elements show high durability and good adhesion when subjected to thermal shocks, temperature cycling, abrasion, and humidity.

Abstract: The optical film according to the present invention has a feature that it can implement zero retardation and have high slip property and thus enabling self-winding, even while using an acrylic resin not containing monomers having a ring structure.

Abstract: A method is provided for protecting a MEMS unit against infrared investigations, at least one layer being built into the structure of the MEMS unit or at least one layer being applied on a surface of the MEMS unit. The at least one layer absorbs, reflects or diffusely scatters more than 50%, in particular more than 90% of an infrared light incident upon it.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lens module. The lens module includes a lens barrel with an accommodation space; a lens group accommodated in the accommodation space; a filter, a bracket and a sensor set by an image side of the lens group and outside the accommodation space. The bracket includes a top wall forming an optical aperture and a side wall extending from the top wall to the image side. The top wall has a first surface facing towards an object side, a second surface arranged opposite to the first surface and a third surface connecting the first surface to the second surface and enclosing the optical aperture. The bracket further includes a first hollow cavity arranged near the third surface, and the first hollow cavity is filled with a black light absorption substance.

Abstract: A shading component includes a base including a top surface near an object side, a bottom surface near an image side, an inner ring surface and an outer ring surface connecting the top surface and bottom surface; and a shading piece assembled with the base. The inner ring surface is formed with a groove depressing towards the outer ring surface, and at least a part of the shading piece is received in the groove. The present disclosure further provides a lens module using the shading component mentioned above.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lens element. The lens element, includes at least one lens having a central part used for imaging and an edge part around the central part; and a shading unit in the at least one lens. The edge part depresses from an image side surface to an object side surface and forms a concave part for positioning the shading unit. In addition, the present disclosure further discloses a lens module including the lens element mentioned above.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a shading unit. The shading unit includes an anti-dazzling screen connected and integrated with a substrate; a first aperture hole formed in the substrate through and along a thickness direction; a shading board closer to an in-light side of the first aperture hole than an out-light side; and a second aperture hole formed in the anti-dazzling screen through and along the thickness direction. The second aperture hole is communicated with the first aperture hole. A projection of the second aperture hole is located in a projection of the first aperture hole, a thickness of the anti-dazzling screen ranges between 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. Further, the present disclosure provides a lens module having the shading unit disclosed above.

Abstract: A vehicular interior prismatic rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror casing and a prismatic reflective element disposed at the mirror casing and comprising a glass mirror substrate. The mirror substrate has a forward rounded perimeter region that is contactable and viewable by the driver of the vehicle and that provides a rounded transition between a front surface and a perimeter edge of the substrate. The mirror substrate has a rear perimeter edge region chamfered to form an angled surface between the rear surface and the perimeter edge. A reflector coating and a protective coating are disposed at the rear surface. An encapsulant is disposed about a perimeter region of the rear surface so as to encompass and overlay a portion of the angled surface and the reflector coating and the protective coating at the rear surface, with no part of the encapsulant being disposed at the forward rounded perimeter region.

Abstract: An optical device has a first metasurface. A high-contrast pattern of the first metasurface is operable for modifying, over a first phase profile, a phase front of an incident light beam. A second metasurface, is disposed over a plane parallel to the first metasurface with a second high-contrast pattern and operable for shaping, over a second phase profile, the modified phase front of the incident light beam into a converging spherical phase front. A spacer layer, in which the modified phase front of the incident light beam diffracts, is disposed in a controllably changeable separation between the first and second metasurfaces. Controllably changing the separation between the first and the second metasurfaces by a first distance correspondingly changes the position of the focus point of the converging spherical phase front by a second distance.

Abstract: A concavo-convex structure forming layer with a concavo-convex structure on one surface; and a light-reflecting layer on at least part of a surface of the concavo-convex structure. In the optical element, the concavo-convex structure forming layer includes a unit group made up of a plurality of units whose concavo-convex structures are different from each other; each of the units has a flat portion and either a plurality of convexities or a plurality of concavities, with an upper surface of each convexity or a bottom surface of each concavity being substantially parallel to a surface of the flat portion; the convexities or the concavities adjacent to each other have center-to-center distances that are not constant; the convexities or the concavities have a constant height or depth; and in the unit group, units having an identical concavo-convex structure are not arrayed at a pitch of less than 150 ?m.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a photonic structure on a surface of a solid substrate including a first material comprises depositing a deformable layer of the first material onto the surface of the solid substrate, embossing the deformable layer with a mold bear a photonic structure pattern and solidifying the deformable layer to be integral with the surface of the solid substrate with the mold in place to form permanent photonic structures in the solidified layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing film, a method for preparing the same, and a polarizing lens comprising the same, more specifically, to a polarizing film that has excellent optical, mechanical properties, may secure sufficient margin in a processing process, and yet, has excellent color reproducibility and small change with time elapse, a method for preparing the same, and a polarizing lens comprising the same.

Abstract: An optical article that includes an optical element and an anisotropic coating layer formed over at least a portion of the optical element. The anisotropic coating layer can include a first light-influencing zone comprising at least one first anisotropic material and a second light-influencing zone comprising at least one second anisotropic material. The at least one of the first light-influencing zone and the second light-influencing zone further include at least one dichroic material and/or at least one photochromic-dichroic material such that the first light-influencing zone and the second light-influencing zone exhibit a different color property, a different photochromic-dichroic reversible change, a different amount of polarization, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of making an optical article having a gradient tint and a gradient polarization. The method includes providing an optical element including a coating having at least one alignment zone. A dye composition is contacted with the coating. The dye composition includes at least one of: a dichroic dye, a photochromic-dichroic dye, or a combination thereof to diffuse at least a portion of the dye composition into the coating at a predetermined concentration gradient along at least a portion of the coating to provide the gradient tint and the gradient polarization. A kit for making an optical article having a gradient tint and a gradient polarization. An optical article prepared from a method for making an optical article having a gradient tint and a gradient polarization.

Abstract: Optical filters that enhance image quality by exploiting differences in the wavelength dependence of the spectral power distribution (SPD) and the degree of polarization between elements in a scene in order to preserve, and more preferably enhance, color-contrast between one or more salient objects in the scene and/or a salient object and a background. The higher degree of polarization may be associated with the background or the one or more salient objects. Color contrast is associated with one or more of a difference in saturation, a difference in hue, and a difference in lightness.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing element having a wire grid structure. The polarizing element includes a transparent substrate (11) and grid-shaped protrusions (10) that are arranged on the transparent substrate (11) at a smaller pitch than a wavelength of operating band light and that extend in a specific direction. The grid-shaped protrusions (10) include a reflection layer (12) formed on the transparent substrate (11). The reflection layer (12) includes a metal layer (15) and an oxide layer (16) that covers a side surface of the metal layer (15) as viewed in the specific direction and is formed from an oxide of a constituent metal of the metal layer (15).

Abstract: An optical film may include: a phase retardation layer; a polarizer disposed on the phase retardation layer and including a first part defined by a pair of sides extending in a first direction and a pair of sides extending in a second direction and a second part protruding from the first part; and a protective film protecting the polarizer. Here, one short side of the second part of the polarizer adjacent the first part may include a curved part. The polarizer may include an absorption axis in a direction parallel to a tangent line of a part having the most curvature at the curved part.

Abstract: Image-sensing devices include odd-symmetry gratings that cast interference patterns over a photodetector array. Grating features offer considerable insensitivity to the wavelength of incident light, and also to the manufactured distance between the grating and the photodetector array. Photographs and other image information can be extracted from interference patterns captured by the photodetector array. Images can be captured without a lens, and cameras can be made smaller than those that are reliant on lenses and ray-optical focusing.

Abstract: According to some implementations an ice rink is provided that includes a plurality of coolant tubes that are configured to transport a coolant to cool ice located above the coolant tubes. The ice has a top surface on which ice skating or other activities may occur. An elongate light-diffusing optical fiber is positioned below the top surface of the ice and is configured to transmit light to the top surface of the ice.

Abstract: According to some implementations an ice rink is provided that includes a plurality of coolant tubes that are configured to transport a coolant to cool ice located above the coolant tubes. The ice has a top surface on which ice skating or other activities may occur. An elongate light-diffusing optical fiber is positioned below the top surface of the ice and is configured to transmit light to the top surface of the ice.

Abstract: In some embodiments, compositions and methods comprising reflective flowable materials, e.g., reflective liquids including reflective inks and/or liquid metals, are described. In some embodiments, a surface is contacted with a reflective flowable material, thereby forming a reflective layer on the surface. In some embodiments, the surface is a surface of a waveguide, for example a waveguide for a display device, and the flowable material coats surfaces of protrusions on the surface to form reflective diffractive optical elements. Some embodiments include a display device comprising a reflective layer of reflective flowable material.

Abstract: A multiview backlight and a multiview display employ multibeam elements configured to provide a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions corresponding to different view directions of the multiview display. The display includes multiview pixels that include sub-pixels. A size of the multibeam element is comparable to a size of a sub-pixel in a multiview pixel of the multiview display.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for manufacturing a backlight module. The manufacturing method includes: providing a light guide plate, including a bottom surface and a plurality of screen dot recessed parts arranged in a two-dimensional manner, where the screen dot recessed parts are located on the bottom surface; filling a quantum dot material into each of the screen dot recessed parts; disposing a substrate on the bottom surface of the light guide plate, and sealing the quantum dot material in the screen dot recessed part of the light guide plate by using the substrate; and disposing a light source at one side of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An edge light type backlight unit includes: a light source; a light guide plate which has an end surface, on which light emitted from the light source is incident, and propagates the light incident from the end surface; a rear-side reflective plate which is disposed on a surface side of the light guide plate; a perforated reflective plate which is disposed on a surface side of the light guide plate and has a plurality of fine holes, which penetrate from a surface on the light guide plate side to an emission-side surface facing the light guide plate-side surface and transmit light, and in which both the surface and the surface are reflection surfaces and a depolarization degree of the surface is 60% or less; and a circular polarization reflection film which is disposed on the surface side of the perforated reflective plate.

Abstract: A curved surface ADS display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The curved surface ADS display panel includes a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate, wherein the second substrate has a first surface far away from the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a glass light guide plate completely adhered on the first surface of the second substrate. Also, the glass light guide plate has a thickness of D1, and the first substrate, the liquid crystal layer, and the second substrate have a total thickness of D2, wherein |D1?D2|/D1?30%.

Abstract: A biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric step-index optical fiber includes a core and a cladding around the core. The core is made from a core material fabricated by bonding a citric acid and at least a first monomer using a synthesis process. The cladding is made from a cladding material fabricated by bonding the citric acid and at least a second monomer using the synthesis process. The core has a refractive index higher than that of the cladding, while a difference between an initial modulus of the core and the cladding is preferably less than 30% and a difference between the biodegradation rates of the core and cladding is preferably less than 30% after about 4 weeks. Optical properties of the core and cladding are tunable by adjusting monomer ratios, choices of monomers or cross-linking degrees.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a CMCF including a structure to achieve more efficient reduction in transmission loss by suppressing decrease in concentration of alkali metal due to diffusion of alkali metal. In the CMCF including a plurality of cores, a power coupling coefficient h between adjacent cores is set to 1×10?3/m or more, to maintain an optical coupling state between the adjacent cores. In addition, alkali metal contributing to reduction in transmission loss is added to each of the cores such that a stress maximum value ?_max between adjacent cores has a negative value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical waveguide, comprising an optical wave-guiding core, a region in the optical waveguide, wherein the micro-modifications are arranged in the region of the optical waveguide, wherein the arrangement of the micro-modifications is ordered, and to a method for producing an optical waveguide according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of single-mode optical fibers and discloses a bending-insensitive, radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber, sequentially including from inside to outside: a core, inner claddings, and an outer cladding, all made from a quartz material. The inner claddings comprise, from inside to outside, a first fluorine-doped inner cladding and a second fluorine-doped inner cladding. The core and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding are not doped with germanium. The respective concentrations of other metal impurities and phosphorus are less than 0.1 ppm. By mass percent, the core has a fluorine dopant content of 0-0.45% and a chlorine content of 0.01-0.10%; the first fluorine-doped inner cladding has a fluorine concentration of 1.00-1.55%; and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding has a fluorine concentration of 3.03-5.00%.