Abstract: Provided is a polymer that can detect a low-molecular weight compound, in particular, 8-OHdG with high sensitivity and can be repeatedly used. Specifically, provided is a polymer including repeating units each represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R1 and R2 are each independent for each repeating unit, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R2 represents a group represented by the following formula (2) in at least one repeating unit, and represents a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or a carboxyl group in any other repeating unit, and the group may be substituted with an alkyl group. In the formula (2), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, L represents a divalent linking group, and * represents a site to be bonded to the carbon atom bonding to R1 in formula (1).

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymer particles are provided and include clay platelets with edge modification and/or surface modification. The superabsorbent polymer particles include one, or more than one area(s) with clay platelets and one, or more than one area(s) substantially free of clay platelets. The total volume of the area(s) substantially free of clay platelets is higher than the total volume of the area(s) with clay platelets.

Abstract: Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Inulin composite nanofibers (CNFs) are provided using electrospinning technique and tested for their prebiotic and antibacterial activities. The PVA/Inulin electrospun CNFs were tested for prebiotic activity with Lactobacillus sp. and for antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A number of electrospinning parameters such as solution concentration, PVA: Inulin mixing ratio, solution flow rate and applied voltage were carefully varied and the best PVA/Inulin electrospun CNFs (bead free) were selected for prebiotic and antibacterial tests. The concentration of the composite solution varied between 14-20%, the flow rate ranged between 0.005-0.5 mL/min and the applied voltage used ranged between 15-20 Kv. The structural properties and morphology of the PVA/Inulin electrospun CNFs were fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Abstract: A rubber composition for vibration-damping rubber contains a rubber component comprising at least one or more diene-based rubbers, a complex zinc flower, and a bismaleimide compound. The rubber composition for vibration-damping rubber preferably contains 2 to 40 parts by weight of the complex zinc flower, and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the bismaleimide compound for 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.

Abstract: A low molecular weight co-oligomer containing styrene and ?-methyl styrene in bound form and having a ring and ball softening point not greater than 50° C. is useful in modifying the properties of a diene elastomer-based curable rubber composition capable of being used to manufacture tire treads.

Abstract: Methods of preparing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization with a zirconocene catalyst, a methylaluminoxane cocatalyst, a calcium zirconate nanofiller in a solvent. The calcium zirconate nanofiller, which is dispersed across the polyethylene matrix, is found to enhance catalyst activity, and other properties of the HDPE nanocomposites produced, including but not limited to flame retardency, crystallinity and surface morphology.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composite, comprising: a polymer host selected from the group consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane, polycaprolactone (PCL), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM); and a guest molecule comprising hyaluronic acid; wherein the guest molecule is disposed within the polymer host, and wherein the guest molecule is covalently bonded to at least one other guest molecule. Also provided herein are methods for forming the composite, and blood-contracting devices made from the composite, such as heart valves and vascular grafts.

Abstract: A method comprising introducing a polymerization feed comprising an ?-olefin, a diluent, and a diene to a polymerization system, under polymerization conditions, whereby a polymer product is produced, wherein the diene is present at a level in the range of from about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm based on the diluent.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a continuous solution three reactor polymerization process. Process solvent, ethylene, optional comonomers, optional hydrogen and a single site catalyst system are injected into a first and second reactor configured in parallel to one another. A third reactor receives effluent from the first reactor, the second reactor, or a combination of the first and second reactors. Fresh monomer is feed to the third reactor for further polymerization and to give a final polyethylene product.

Abstract: A continuous solution polymerization process is disclosed wherein at least two catalyst formulations are employed. A first homogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a first reactor to produce a first ethylene interpolymer and a first heterogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a second reactor to produce a second ethylene interpolymer. Optionally a third ethylene interpolymer is formed in a third reactor. The resulting ethylene interpolymer products possess desirable properties in a variety of end use applications, for example in film applications. A means for increasing the molecular weight of the first ethylene interpolymer is disclosed and/or a means for increasing the temperature of the first reactor, relative to a third homogeneous catalyst formulation. A means for reducing the (?-olefin/ethylene) weight ratio in the first reactor is disclosed and/or reducing the density of the first ethylene interpolymer, relative to a third homogeneous catalyst formulation.

Abstract: A continuous solution polymerization process is disclosed wherein at least two homogeneous catalyst formulations are employed. A first homogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a first reactor to produce a first ethylene interpolymer and a second homogeneous catalyst formulation is employed in a second reactor to produce a second ethylene interpolymer. Optionally a third ethylene interpolymer is formed in a third reactor. The resulting ethylene interpolymer products possess desirable properties in a variety of end use applications, for example in film applications. A means for increasing the molecular weight of the first ethylene interpolymer is disclosed and/or a means for increasing the temperature of the first reactor, relative to the third homogeneous catalyst formulation. A means for reducing the (?-olefin/ethylene) weight ratio in the first reactor is disclosed and/or reducing the density of the first ethylene interpolymer, relative to the third homogeneous catalyst formulation.

Abstract: Crosslinkable polymeric compositions comprising: (a) a polymer blend comprising: (1) 10 to 94 weight percent, based on the total weight of the crosslinkable polymeric composition, of an ethylene-based interpolymer having the following properties: (i) a density of 0.93 g/cm3 or less, (ii) a melt index (I2) at 190° C. of greater than 0.2 g/10 minutes, and (iii) a shear thinning ratio (V0.1/V100) at 190° C. and 10% strain of less than 8; and (2) 5 to 90 weight percent, based on the total weight of the crosslinkable polymeric composition, of a high-pressure polyethylene; and (b) 0 to less than 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the crosslinkable polymeric composition, of a filler, where the ethylene-based interpolymer of component (a) is not prepared in a high-pressure reactor or process. Additionally, the polymer blend has the following properties: (i) a shear thinning ratio (V0.1/V100) at 190° C.

Abstract: Provided are methods for making a polypropylene composition having a first polypropylene and second polypropylene, and compositions made therefrom. Also provided are bimodal polypropylene compositions having desirable flexural modulus and shear thinning properties.

Abstract: Provided is an injection molded body of a polypropylene resin composition, which has excellent fluidity and burr prevention performance. The polypropylene resin composition contains a conjugated diene-modified polypropylene resin (A) that has a melt flow rate of 1-150 g/10 min as measured at 230° C. under a load of 2.16 kg and a polypropylene resin (B) that has a melt flow rate of 7-100 g/10 min as measured at 230° C. under a load of 2.16 kg. Relative to 100 parts by weight of the total of the components (A) and (B), the content of the component (A) is 0.1-50 parts by weight and the content of the component (B) is 99.9-50 parts by weight. The polypropylene resin composition has a melt flow rate of 10-80 g/10 min as measured under the above-described conditions, while having a melt tension of 0.7-30 gf as measured at 200° C. at 10 m/min.

Abstract: The present discolosure is directed to a thermoplastic polymer for additive manufacturing, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is derived from a chlorinated monomer unit, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a melt flow rae (MFR) suitable for additive manufacturing. The present disclosure is also directed to a method of making a 3D product formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the 3D product comprises a thermoplastic polymer derived from a chlorinated monomer unit or a thermoplastic composition comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer derived from a chlorinated monomer unit; and at least one stabiliser, wherein the thermoplastic polymer or composition has a MFR suitable for additive manufacturing.

Abstract: Provided are: a resin composition which has excellent transparency and coating properties and exhibits low liquid crystal-contaminating properties; and an optical film using the same. The resin composition contains a polyvinyl alcohol and a polyester, and the polyester has a carboxyl group and/or a carboxyl group salt as a substituent(s). The polyvinyl alcohol is preferably a homopolymer or a copolymer that contains vinyl alcohol as an essential monomer, and it is preferred that the polyvinyl alcohol has an acetoacetate group.

Abstract: Provided are a methacrylic resin composition and a film containing a methacrylic resin that includes: 50 mass % to 97 mass % of a methacrylic acid ester monomer unit (A); 3 mass % to 30 mass % of a structural unit (B) having a cyclic structure-containing main chain; and 0 mass % to 20 mass % of another vinyl monomer unit (C) that is copolymerizable with a methacrylic acid ester monomer. The methacrylic resin satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2): (1) the methacrylic resin has a weight average molecular weight of 65,000 to 300,000 as measured by GPC; and (2) the total content of specific components is 0.01 mass % to 0.40 mass % as determined by GC/MS.

Abstract: A phenolic-resin molding material contains a novolac-type phenolic resin, a hexamethylene tetramin, and an inorganic filler. A total content of a content of the novolac-type phenolic resin and a content of the hexamethylene tetramin is 20 to 55 mass % with respect to an entirety of the phenolic-resin molding material. A content of the inorganic filler is 45 to 80 mass % with respect to the entirety of the phenolic-resin molding material. A content of the hexamethylene tetramin is 17 to 26 pts.mass with respect to an entirety of the novolac-type phenolic resin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oxygen scavenging composition for containers. The oxygen scavenging composition for containers may comprise at least one polyester component, a transition metal catalyst, an oxygen scavenger, and a vegetable oil. The vegetable oil preferably comprises at least one molecule having a double allylic structure. The polyester component preferably comprises at least one acid unit and at least one diol unit. The concentration of double allylic structures of the vegetable oil in the composition may be greater than 5.0 meq/kg of all of the polyester components. The oxygen scavenger is preferably present in the composition at a level less than 1.0% by weight of the total composition. The vegetable oil is preferably present in the composition at a level greater than 0.3% by weight relative to the total weight of the polyester components, the transition metal catalyst and the vegetable oil.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel polyester-ether compositions and their use as oxygen scavenging materials in polyester resins.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an economical method of preparing a resin composition including a polyalkylene carbonate with improved thermal stability and processability. More specifically, the method of preparing a resin composition includes the steps of polymerizing carbon dioxide and an epoxide compound in the presence of a zinc-based catalyst and a solvent, recovering monomers, removing the catalyst and recovering raw materials, solution-blending with a thermostable resin to improve the thermal stability and processability, and removing the solvent and byproducts from the reaction mixture by using an agitated flash drum and an extrusion or kneader-type devolatilizer.

Abstract: The disclosure describes composite fibers reinforced with inorganic nanostructures of high aspect ratio with homogeneous dispersion and alignment along the fiber axis and a process for producing said composite fibers.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to curable compositions that include a benzoxazine resin and a polyamide resin, wherein the polyamide resin is a reaction product of (i) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid includes a non-aromatic, dicarboxylic dimer acid and the mole fraction of the non-aromatic, dicarboxylic dimer acid is between from 0.10 to 1.00, based on the total moles of dicarboxylic acid used to form the polyamide resin; and (ii) a diamine; and wherein the polyamide resin is amine terminated and includes amine end-groups. The curable compositions may be used to produce an article comprising a cured composition wherein the cured composition is the reaction product of the curable composition according to any one of the curable compositions of the present disclosure. The present invention also relates to methods of coating substrates using the curable compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer including a reaction product of at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, at least one diamine, and at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative, wherein the at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride includes a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 1, the at least one diamine includes a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, and the at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative includes a dicarboxylic acid derivative represented by Chemical Formula 3: wherein, R1 to R3, X1 and X2 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A resin composition having excellent heat dissipation can be used in an electronic component and an electronic device. The resin composition includes a silicone resin, an inorganic filler, and an inorganic pigment particle. The inorganic filler includes a first filler having thermal emissivity, and a second filler having thermal conductivity. The second filler is contained in a volume ratio of 2.5 or more and 4.0 or less with respect to the first filler. The inorganic filler is contained in a proportion of 46.8 volume % or more and 76.3 volume % or less with respect to the combined volume of the silicone resin, the inorganic filler, and the inorganic pigment particle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active energy ray curable hot melt silicone composition that is non-flowable at 25° C. and has a viscosity of 1,000 Pa·s or less at 100° C. The active energy ray curable hot melt silicone composition comprises: (A) a mixture of (A1) an organopolysiloxane having an aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing organic group and (A2) an organopolysiloxane optionally having an aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing organic group, (B) a compound having at least two mercapto groups in a molecule, and (C) a photoradical initiator. A cured product and a method of making a film are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing oligo- or polyalkylene ether-modified polysiloxanes by transesterification of alkoxy-functionalized polysiloxanes with OH— terminated oligo- or polyalkylene ethers in the presence of the tetra-n-C1-C6-alkoxy- titanate as catalyst. Oligo- or polyalkylene ether-modified polydimethylsiloxanes obtainable through this process are suitable as defoamers, as wetting agents, and as additives in coating material formulations.

Abstract: A fire-resistant material according to an example of the present disclosure includes a base material and at least one of a siloxane polymer and a phosphonate polymer. A method of making a fire-resistant material is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel acetoacetylated lignin resin compositions comprising the reaction product of lignin and an acetoacetate ester. The invention also relates to novel (meth)acrylated lignin resin compositions comprising the reaction product of lignin and a (meth)acrylic compound. The invention also relates to methods of making the novel acetoacetylated lignin resin compositions and the novel (meth)acrylated lignin resin compositions. The invention also relates to curable coating compositions comprising the novel acetoacetylated lignin resin composition or (meth)acrylated lignin resin composition. The invention also relates to methods of making the curable coating compositions of the invention. The invention also relates to methods of applying curable coating compositions of the invention to substrates. The invention also relates to articles of manufacture comprising a curable coating composition of the invention and a method of making such article.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a resin composition for FRP, an FRP sheet and a molded product that enable inhibition of the whitening in and between fiber bundles. A resin composition for FRP according to an embodiment of the present invention is a resin composition with which a fibrous reinforcement sheet is to be impregnated for formation of FRP, and contains methyl methacrylate as a principal component, a methyl methacrylate polymer, a polymerization initiator, and at least one of dendrimer (meth)acrylate and glycidyl (meth)acrylate, as a monomer. An FRP sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a matrix and a fibrous reinforcement sheet in the matrix. The matrix contains the hardened resin composition for FRP.

Abstract: The composition includes two or more near infrared absorbing compounds having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of 650 to 1000 nm and having a solubility of 0.1 mass % or lower in water at 23° C., in which the two or more near infrared absorbing compounds include a first near infrared absorbing compound having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of 650 to 1000 nm, and a second near infrared absorbing compound having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of 650 to 1000 nm which is shorter than the absorption maximum of the first near infrared absorbing compound, and a difference between the absorption maximum of the first near infrared absorbing compound and the absorption maximum of the second near infrared absorbing compound is 1 to 150 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a process for producing a pigment composition, including the step of subjecting a raw material pigment composition containing C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, a specific by-product and water to heat treatment at a temperature of from 160 to 210° C.; and [2] a method of reducing a content of a by-product in a raw material pigment composition containing C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, the specific by-product and water, said method including the step of subjecting the raw material pigment composition to heat treatment at a temperature of from 160 to 210° C.

Abstract: A process for producing surface modified carbon black is disclosed. The process comprises the step of treating carbon black with a sulfur compound in an amount in the range of 0.005%-1% of the carbon black to effect in situ formation of surface groups to produce the surface modified carbon black which when combined with a polymer composition alters the carbon black-polymer interaction to decrease the hysteresis of the polymer composition. The curing time required for polymer composition comprising the surface modified carbon black is also decreased. The preferred sulfur compounds are sulfite or sulfate salts.

Abstract: Provided are a BZ glaze enamel painting material composition and a painting method. The composition is a painting material composition composed of natural mineral pigment powder, synthetic resin, and vinyl acetate-acrylate added with a color glaze, a white toning glaze, and a colorless toning glaze at different percentages. The painting method that uses the composition includes the steps of preparing painting canvas, forming bottom, and making picture. In the step of making picture, a suitable amount of BZ glaze enamel painting material composition is prepared according to the size of the painting canvas and, and after being sufficiently stirred, added with temperature-resistant minerals and water according to predetermined weight ratios to respectively form red glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze, green glaze, purple glaze, orange glaze, and cyan glaze, followed by mixing to product a BZ painting artwork exhibiting, in the entirety thereof, an irregular pattern.

Abstract: Anti-corrosion composition comprising at least a first polyisobutylene with a Staudinger index J0 ranging from about 15 cm3/g to about 98 cm3/g and an average relative molar mass MV ranging from about 32,000 g/mol to about 280,000 g/mol and at least a second polyisobutylene with a Staudinger index J0 ranging from about 105 cm3/g to about 238 cm3/g and an average relative molar mass MV ranging from about 350,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol.

Abstract: A process for producing a coated lightweight metal substrate, in particular, an aluminium substrate, by a wet-chemical application of a coating composition to the lightweight metal substrate and thermally curing the coating composition is provided. A coating material composition is also described that is formed from a sol-gel material.

Abstract: The invention relates to modified metal particles for corrosion protection coatings as well as a method for their production and their use.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composition for treating aluminum containing surfaces, wherein the composition includes a reaction product of at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and at least one fatty acid, wherein the molar ratio of the amino group/s of the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and of the at least one fatty acid is 1.2:1 to 1:2, and wherein the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof is linked to the at least one fatty acid by at least one carboxylic acid/amine salt bond and/or at least one amide bond.

Abstract: A process and composition for coating a pipe and a pipe support includes mixing a cellulose acetate, a plasticizer, and an oil together so as to form a solid mixture, heating the solid mixture so as to form a liquid state, covering an area of the joinder of the pipe and the pipe support with the liquid state, and drying the liquid state on the area of the joinder. An ethylene-based polymer stabilizer is added to the mixture of the cellulose acetate, the plasticizer and the oil. The oil migrates by gravity from the liquid state from the covered pipe into an area of contact between the pipe and the pipe support. The liquid state is applied around the outer diameter of the pipe and over the outer surface of the pipe support underlying the outer diameter of the pipe.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of applying a coating to an external surface of a man-made object to be at least partly immersed in water (e.g. a vessel or an offshore drilling station) for a time period wherein there is relative movement between the immersed object and the water. The applied coating has a minimal resistance rating for a set of coatings. The method comprises a computer-implemented coating selection process, which comprises a first steps of obtaining, for each coating in the set of coatings, a total roughness value of the external surface based on a fouling roughness value, a macro roughness value and a micro roughness value associated with each coating. The coating selection process comprises in a second step selecting a coating from the set of coatings, wherein the selected coating has a minimal resistance rating associated with the obtained total roughness value for the time period. The method further comprises applying the selected coating to the external surface of the man-made object.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions comprising at least one metal nanowires, at least one ?-conjugated conductive polymer, at least one particular neutralization agent, and at least one solvent. The compositions according to the present in vention can be used for forming a transparent conductor particularly useful in touch panel and display applications.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid metal mixture, and a method of forming a conductive pattern using the same. The liquid metal mixture includes a polymer powder of about 10 to about 90 wt %, and a liquid metal included in an amount of about 10 to about 90 wt % and covering surfaces of particles of the polymer powder, wherein the polymer powder has a polar functional group. The method includes preparing a liquid metal mixture, forming a first pattern on a substrate with the liquid metal mixture, and forming a second pattern by pressing or heating the first pattern.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrically conductive loaded powder of thermoplastic polymers. The method comprises the steps of making an original powder containing cores made of thermoplastic polymers and of making the loaded powder by using electrically conductive submicrometer filaments and wax, forming a plurality of particulate compounds each comprising one of the cores together with at least one of the filaments and a protective membrane of the wax.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a powder coating material capable of forming a coating film excellent in weather resistance, whereby formation of color unevenness or pinholes is suppressed. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the powder coating material and a coated article. The powder coating material of the present invention comprises a powder component containing a fluorinated copolymer which has repeating units based on a fluoroolefin and repeating units based on a monomer having no fluorine atom and which has a fluorine content of at least 10 mass %, and a plasticizer-covered luster pigment, wherein the plasticizer has a melting point of from 30 to 200° C. and a molecular weight of from 200 to 1,000 and which has from 1 to 4 ester groups in one molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink emulsion composition that, when used as an ink composition, retains a high concentration of a colorant and exhibits good re-dispersibility after drying, and that causes no change in the physical properties of the ink when stored for a long period of time. The ink emulsion composition contains: (A) a dye and/or a pigment; (B) a styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer; and (C) a compound in an amount of more than 0.18 mass %, the compound (C) being represented by formula (1): where t represents 1 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed are imprinting ink compositions for use in imprinting techniques such as SCIL. The imprinting ink compositions comprise TMO nanoparticles stabilized by selected polymerization inhibitors that allow for the formation of a stable imprinting ink composition in which polymerization of the TMO nanoparticles is effectively suppressed and from which high refractive index patterned layers can be formed. Imprinting methods using such imprinting ink compositions, optical devices including patterned layers formed from such imprinting ink compositions and lighting devices, optical sensors and photovoltaic devices including such optical elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a waterproof and anti-sticking ink for sterilization monitoring indicator tapes, comprising a mesoporous nanomaterial, an oil-based binder, an oil-based diluent and a defoamer. During the production of the sterilization indicator tape, the color-changing ink is printed on medical-grade textured paper tape substrate and then waterproof and anti-sticking ink is coated thereon. The mesoporous nanomaterial in the waterproof and anti-sticking ink can provide the penetration of vapor and impermeability of condensed water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to preparation and use of nanocellulose fibrils or crystals such as disintegrated bacterial nanocellulose, tunicate-derived nanocellulose, or plant-derived nanocellulose, together with carbon nanotubes, as a biocompatible and conductive ink for 3D printing of electrically conductive patterns. Biocompatible conductive bioinks described in this invention were printed in the form of connected lines onto wet or dried nanocellulose films, bacterial cellulose membrane, or tunicate decellularized tissue. The devices were biocompatible and showed excellent mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity through printed lines (3.8·10?1 S cm?1). Such scaffolds were used to culture neural cells. Neural cells attached selectively on the printed pattern and formed connective networks.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for an exemplary energy storage device and methods of forming thereof, comprising an exemplary conductive graphene ink on exemplary substrates to form durable, flexible, and facile graphene films and energy storage devices for use with and within a variety of electronics and devices.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to primary coating compositions that comprises a cationic polysaccharide, to be applied on a hydrophobic surface before a subsequent application of a polar or water based coating composition, such a as a paint or an adhesive.