Abstract: The use of bio oil from at least one renewable source in a hydrotreatment process, in which process hydrocarbons are formed from said glyceride oil in a catalytic reaction, and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron. A bio oil intermediate including bio oil from at least one renewable source and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron.

Abstract: Systems and methods for steam and catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon inlet stream comprising hydrocarbons. Systems and methods can include a catalyst feed stream, where the catalyst feed stream comprises a fluid and a heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous catalyst operable to catalyze cracking of the hydrocarbons on surfaces of the heterogeneous catalyst a steam feed stream, where the steam feed stream is operable to effect steam cracking of the hydrocarbons, and where the steam feed stream decreases coking of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a downflow reactor, where the downflow reactor is operable to accept and mix the hydrocarbon inlet stream, the catalyst feed stream, and the steam feed stream, where the downflow reactor is operable to produce light olefins by steam cracking and catalytic cracking, and where the downflow reactor is operable to allow the heterogeneous catalyst to flow downwardly by gravity.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. Hydrocarbon-containing materials are also used as feedstocks.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed. The process includes providing a hydrocarbon feed and a utility fluid. Then selectively extracting from the feed at least a portion of particulates to produce a raffinate and an extract. Third hydroprocessing at least a portion of the raffinate.

Abstract: A process and a plant for producing olefins from oxygenates such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether are proposed, in which initially the oxygenates are converted to a primary product containing propylene, other olefins, paraffins and aromatics in an olefin synthesis reactor. The primary product is separated into hydrocarbon fractions of different C chain length, wherein short-chain olefins such as propylene are obtained and beside further fractions there is also obtained a C7? fraction which contains C5/C6 olefins, as well as a C7+ fraction which contains aromatics. From the latter, the aromatics are separated and alkylated with the C5/C6 olefins to obtain alkyl aromatics. The same are hydrogenated completely and recirculated to the olefin synthesis reactor, where they likewise are converted to short-chain olefins.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus of industrial furnace and biomass gasification system and a process of operating said system are disclosed. Hot flue gas containing high concentration of CO2 and water issued from an industrial furnace such as a glass furnace or a melting furnace for non-ferrous metals is introduced into a biomass gasification system as a heat source to promote the pyrolysis of biomass and/or as a gasification agent to generate syngas. The generated syngas is blended with solid-fuel such as petcoke before being introduced into the industrial furnace to facilitate ignition and combustion of petcoke. Overall CO2, NOx and SOx emission from the industrial furnace are reduced, and the lifetime of the industrial furnace is increased.

Abstract: Describe are preferred formulations for Avgas meeting the requirements for use in aircraft, including requirements established under ASTM standards and by the Federal Aviation Administration. In one embodiment, a binary mixture of 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene) and isopentane is used to provide a MON of at least 100, and more preferably at least 102. In other embodiments, the amounts of mesitylene and/or isopentane may be changed, and other fuel components are included. These various Avgas formulations are thereby adjusted to meet a variety of requirements as to octane rating, RVP, cold start, and other fuel characteristics.

Abstract: A method of enhancing fuel combustion using a specific catalyst composition with a preselected type of fuel. Upon blending the catalyst with the fuel a mixture is formed where a hydrocarbon structure of the fuel is relaxed by opening up and spreading/spacing out to allow more available oxygen to reach and react with the fuel on a molecular level. The relaxing of the hydrocarbon structure, upon combustion, reduces harmful emissions, burns fuel more efficiently, improves horsepower and torque performance, and improves fuel economy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an odorized methane comprising liquid, and to an odorized methane comprising slush of liquid and solids. The invention especially relates to odorized LNG. The odorant is ethyl acrylate and/or ethyl mercaptan. The carrier for the odorant is propane, n-butane, iso-butane, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing such an odorized liquid or slush by liquefying odorized methane comprising gas. The invention also relates to a process in which odorant is added to a methane comprising liquid or slush.

Abstract: The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C2- to C12-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C1- to C30-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C1- to C30-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel for minimization of power loss in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

Abstract: A lubricating composition is provided comprising: (i) a base oil; and (ii) a volatility reducing additive; wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6200 cP at ?35° C. (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 15% according to ASTM D5800B.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is an operating oil for shock absorber in which influences against rubber materials are controlled. [Solution] An operating oil coming into contact with a rubber material, the operating oil containing a polyalkylene glycol and at least one base oil selected from a fatty acid diester, a poly-alfa-olefin, and a lubricating oil classified as GIII in American Petroleum Institute (API). [Effect] According to the operating oil, in view of the fact that swelling properties of a rubber material, such as a seal material, etc., are reduced, conventionally used rubber materials can be used without being changed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for degumming a vegetable oil, comprising a. contacting an oil-water mixture comprising a crude vegetable oil comprising phospholipids with an enzyme having a phospholipase activity, wherein the oil-water mixture comprises an aqueous solution having a molal ionic strength of between 0.001 and 0.5 mol/kg; b. separating an oil-water mixture into an oil composition and an aqueous composition; and, c. washing the oil composition with an acid, wherein a degummed vegetable is produced.

Abstract: An optically clear, solid water-soluble formulation of odorants and flavorings comprising at least one synthetically prepared odorant and flavoring, in which the odorants and flavorings are embedded homogeneously in a polymer matrix based on polyvinyllactams.

Abstract: Photolabile pro-fragrances may include the ketones of Formula (I) Such compounds may be used in detergents, cleaning agents, cosmetic agents, air-care agents, and combinations thereof. The photolabile pro-fragrances may create a long-lasting fragrance on surfaces or in a room using the aforementioned pro-fragrances.

Abstract: Fragrance ingredients are described, based on extraction or dilution of natural or synthetic raw materials, or blends thereof, with cosmetic-grade medium-chain hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon-ether solvents (“MCHEs”), comprising C8-C14 chains, straight or branched, of intermediate volatility, for the composition of fragrance concentrates, their manufacture, and embodiments of such concentrates in perfume blends, which can be directly used in household or cosmetic fragrances or for the scenting of personal care preparations, and which can be designated as “non-alcoholic” and—in case of the absence of synthetics—as “all-natural” or “nature-derived”.

Abstract: Anti-microbial compositions for cleaning and sanitizing skin are disclosed. The anti-microbial compositions preferably comprises at least one quaternary ammonium chloride active and results in low irritation cleansing and sanitizing products that allow more frequent application.

Abstract: A cleaning composition including a primarily C12 quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside selected from the group consisting of stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride and lauryldimoniumhydroxypropyl cocoglucosides chloride, a water conditioning agent, an acid source, a solvent, and water. In one embodiment, the cleaning composition is substantially free of alkyl phenol ethoxylates. The cleaning composition is capable of removing soils including up to 20% proteins. The cleaning compositions include a biorenewable, environmentally friendly alternative to nonyl phenol ethoxylates and exhibit superior cleaning of food soils.

Abstract: A method of inducing competence in cells, the method comprising contacting the cell with a composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound including a silicon-containing functional group and a hydrocarbyl-saccharide compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bars comprising soap bar matrix comprising predominantly long chain length soap and regions or domains interspersed within the matrix comprising predominantly shorter chain soaps. The novel bars of the invention are sufficiently hard to survive large scale manufacturing while simultaneously delivering benefits of significant foam value enhancement, for example, due to delivery of short-chain soaps from concentrated regions. Surprisingly, even when soaps in concentrated regions comprise small percentage of overall soap oils or fats used, they form observable kappa phase pattern.

Abstract: A detergent concentrate comprising (i) 22 to 46% by weight alkaline metal hydroxide, (ii) 5 to 50% by weight dispersing agent, chelating agent or a combination thereof, (iii) 0 to 5% by weight tenside, (iv) 0 to 5% by weight excipients and (v) 28 to 39% by weight water, wherein the detergent concentrate is a suspension; as well as methods of production therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making soap bar compositions comprising bar matrix comprising predominantly long chain length soap and interspersed regions comprising predominantly shorter chain soaps. The novel bars of the invention are sufficiently hard to survive large scale manufacturing while simultaneously delivering benefits of significant foam value enhancement, for example, due to delivery of short-chain soaps from concentrated regions. Surprisingly, even when soaps in concentrated regions comprise small percentage of overall soap used, they form observable kappa phase pattern.

Abstract: An aqueous detergent solution in a device for cleaning soiled textile substrates is disclosed. The solution contains a plurality of water-insoluble solid particles which are obtained by reacting polyamide particles with polydialkylsiloxanes and/or alkanes carrying reactive groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for decreasing the lag time in a fermentation of a culture medium to prepare a target substance, wherein the target substance is not yogurt and wherein the fermentation results in formation of acid or ethanol, which method comprises the steps of providing, to a suitable culture medium, a fermentation starter culture comprising a microorganism which liberates acid or ethanol, adding a potato protein protease inhibitor to the culture medium, culturing the microorganism, and obtaining the target substance. It has been found that addition of potato protein protease inhibitor to a fermentation feed significantly reduces the lag time of the fermentation. The required amount of potato protein is low enough not to affect the taste of the target substance adversely, and the lag time reduction occurs both in batch- and in semi-continuous processes. The invention further pertains to a fermented food product which is not yogurt, comprising potato protein protease inhibitor.

Abstract: A beer making system may use direct steam injection during wort manufacturing. Steam may be added directly to the wort, and may be part of a recirculating mash system. The steam may be the primary mechanism for adding heat to the system, and may eliminate many problems that often occur when using conventional heating systems. A water reservoir may feed a stream generator, which may inject steam into wort during mashing or boiling steps.

Abstract: A system and method for producing food-grade ethanol from food waste. A method of producing ethanol or vodka from food waste includes the steps of selecting one or more sources of food waste, where each source is a restaurant, a bakery, a grocery store, a commercial kitchen, a food vendor, or a commercial food products manufacturer; receiving collected food waste from the source(s); removing unacceptable items from the collected food waste; and processing the hydrated food waste into a flowable slurry ready for fermentation and then distillation.

Abstract: The present invention is an alcoholic beverage having the sensory characteristics of a traditionally aged distilled spirit. The method for making the alcoholic beverage includes introducing a ratio of wood chips to a distilled spirit and applying pressure to create interaction between the wood chips and distilled spirit.

Abstract: A culture bag includes a culture portion which has a culture space configured to contain and culture a culture fluid. The culture space is an endless circumferential circulation space in which the culture fluid can circumferentially circulate. The culture fluid can continue to circumferentially circulate in one direction in the endless culture space. This suppresses complexification of flow of the culture fluid. As a result, bubbles can be suppressed from generating without decreasing culture efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to culturing brain endothelial cells, and optionally astrocytes and neurons in a fluidic device under conditions whereby the cells mimic the structure and function of the blood brain barrier. Culture of such cells in a microfluidic device, whether alone or in combination with other cells, drives maturation and/or differentiation further than existing systems.

Abstract: The invention provides a coating agent for a flow passage which comprises a copolymer containing a recurring unit which contains an organic group of the formula (a) wherein Ua1 and Ua2 are defined herein, and a recurring unit which contains an organic group of the formula (b) wherein Ub1, Ub2, Ub3, and An? are defined herein. The invention also provides a flow passage device having the coating agent for a flow passage on at least part of an inner surface of a flow passage, a platelet-producing flow passage device and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digester for a liquid medium, comprising a container, a dividing wall between two spaces, and a device for injecting gas into the lower part of one of the spaces. The gas creates an upflow of the mixture of liquid medium and injected gas in said space, and a downflow in the other space. The dividing wall is equipped with at least one device for establishing a fluid communication between the spaces, so that the fluid communication configuration is automatically varied between a first open configuration in which fluid can flow freely from one space to the other, and a second closed configuration in which the flow of fluid is blocked fully or partially by the aforementioned device.

Abstract: A bubble-jetting chip capable of jetting bubbles upward from a substrate is provided. Bubbles can be jetted upward from a substrate by a bubble-jetting chip comprising: at least a substrate, an energizing portion, and a bubble-jetting portion; the energizing portion being formed on the substrate; the bubble-jetting portion comprising an electrode that is formed of a conductive material, a shell part formed of an insulating photosensitive resin, and an extended section that extends from the shell part, the shell part covering a periphery of the electrode, the extended section extending beyond a tip of the electrode, and the bubble-jetting portion further comprising a space formed between the extended section and the electrode; and the electrode of the bubble-jetting portion being formed on the energizing portion.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to systems, devices and methods for the fractionation, isolation, extraction and processing of the adipose supernatant layer of a bone marrow aspirate. In particular, the various embodiments relate to systems devices and methods of obtaining, utilizing and processing the adipose supernatant layer of a bone marrow aspirate as a source of mesenchymal stem cells.

Abstract: A method of preserving a biomass. The method comprises adding an acid solution to a biomass comprising microalgae to form an acidified microalgae biomass composition. The acidified microalgae biomass composition is stored under anaerobic conditions without inoculating the acidified microalgae biomass composition with bacteria. An additional method of preserving a biomass comprises storing the acidified microalgae biomass composition under anaerobic conditions and exposing the acidified microalgae biomass composition to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof to produce a coproduct comprising succinic acid. Yet another method of preserving a biomass comprises storing the acidified microalgae biomass composition under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of carbon dioxide. A preserved biomass is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fungi, in particular fungal endophytes of Daldinia spp., compounds produced by the fungi, uses of the fungi, uses of compounds produced by the fungi and similar compounds, and related methods.

Abstract: The disclosure provides bacterial compositions and methods of use thereof for ameliorating malodor in fabrics. More specifically, the invention provides bacterial compositions comprising bacteria capable of complete nitrification.

Abstract: A cell, isolated nucleic acid, vector, isolated polypeptide, and method of treating a bacterial infection are provided. The cell includes a modified Acinetobacter baumannii cell having a mutation in an A. baumannii gene selected from a mutation that occurs when generating mutations in A. baumanni using transposon mutagenesis. The isolated nucleic acid includes a sequence expressing a lpsB, mffT, or GctA polypeptide comprising at least one nucleic acid mutation. The vector includes the isolated nucleic acid. The isolated polypeptide includes a lpsB, mffT, or GctA polypeptide comprising at least one nucleic acid mutation. The method of treating a bacterial infection includes administering to a subject an effective amount of an Acinetobacter baumannii composition including modified Acinetobacter baumannii cell.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for creating stable, targeted mutations in Spirulina (Athrospiria) and Spirulina having stable, targeted mutations.

Abstract: A hierarchy of endothelial colony forming cells (EPCs) was identified from mammalian cord blood, umbilical vein and aorta. A newly isolated cell named high proliferative potential endothelial colony forming cell (HPP-ECFC) was isolated and characterized. Single cell assays were developed that test the proliferative and clonogenic potential of endothelial cells derived from cord blood, or from HUVECs and HAECs. EPCs were found to reside in vessel walls. Use of a feeder layer of cells derived from high proliferative potential-endothelial colony forming cells (HPP-ECPCS) from human umbilical cord blood, stimulates growth and survival of repopulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stimulation of growth and survival was determined by increased numbers of progenitor cells in in vitro cultures and increased levels of human cell engraftment in the NOD/SCID immunodeficient mouse transplant system.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for generating multipotent mammary stem cells from isolated and cultured human breast luminal cells. The method comprises the steps: 1. isolating and growing normal differentiated cells in vitro; 2. treating the differentiated cells with either a conditioned medium from active fibroblasts or cytokine. The invention also relates to multipotent mammary stem cells, cultures of the multipotent stem cells, differentiated cells, tissues, organs derived from the culture multipotent stem cells isolated by the methods disclosed and therapeutic and other uses for those cells thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of stem cells. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for the highly efficient conversion of human stem cells to lineage-specific neurons. In a specific embodiment, a method of inducing differentiation of human stem cells into dopaminergic (DA) neurons comprises the steps of (a) transfecting human stem cells with a lentiviral vector encoding Atoh1, wherein the vector is Dox inducible; and (b) growing the transfected cells in culture in the presence of Dox, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and FGF-8b until DA neurons are induced.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the efficient in vitro differentiation of somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic precursor cells, and the further differentiation of the hematopoietic precursor cells into immune cells of various myeloid or lymphoid lineages, particularly T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells. The pluripotent cells may be maintained and differentiated under defined conditions; thus, the use of mouse feeder cells or serum is not required in certain embodiments for the differentiation of the hematopoietic precursor cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing and proliferating target virus antigen-specific dual activated T cells, and can produce target virus antigen-specific dual activated T cells by treating monocytes, which are isolated from peripheral blood, with a cytokine and a virus antigen peptide mixture and culturing the same.

Abstract: Provided are engineered primary blood and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, wherein the dendritic cell expresses a functional Tax protein from a T cell leukemia virus, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Provided are methods for activating an antigen-presenting cell and eliciting an immune response by inducing an inducible pattern recognition receptor adapter, or adapter fragment, and CD40 activity. Also provided are nucleic acid compositions comprising sequences coding for chimeric proteins that include an inducible CD40 peptide and an inducible pattern recognition receptor adapter or adapter fragment.

Abstract: Microfluidic “organ-on-a-chip” devices have been developed with the aim to replicate human tissues in vitro. However, there is no option to quantitatively monitor biological processes that take place within the chip, over time. Destructive methods in order to analyze, tissue formation, gene expression, protein secretion etc. require the harvest of the “tissue” at a certain time point. Described herein are methods and compositions for non-destructive molecular imaging methods and systems in order to quantitatively monitor specific biological processes, over time, within the chip, without the need to harvest.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing three-dimensional (3-D) microtissue from a starting cell suspension of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived hepatocytes. Such a method may comprise supplementing the cell suspension with cell adhesion-promoting components and culturing the PSC-derived hepatocytes on a non-adhesive surface to produce the microtissue.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring nutritional uptake of an individual are disclosed. The method can include monitoring microflora intestinal gas concentration levels associated with a patient and adjusting the volume of nutrient provided by the patient with an artificial feeding device based at least in part on the microflora intestinal gas levels associated with the patient. A microflora intestinal gas sensor can be used to monitor the microflora intestinal gas associated with the patient. The microflora intestinal gas sensor can monitor the microflora intestinal gas in a patient's exhaled breath or in the patient's digestive tract. The microflora intestinal gas sensor be included as part of an enteral feeding system at the distal end or outside end of an enteral feeding tube. Systems and methods for monitoring nutritional uptake of an infant based on microflora intestinal gas levels associated with the infant are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for directing differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into a three-dimensional multilayered skin composition comprising an epidermal layer, a dermal layer, and a plurality of cells capable of forming a functional hair follicle. Also provided herein are three-dimensional, multilayered engineered skin compositions and methods of using the same for drug screening, for screening compounds for effects on hair growth, and for other applications.